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Zhuo WH, Hey HWD, Lam WMR, Chan XC, Lit LH, Chiong YS, Wong HK. Increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 in ligamentum flavum hypertrophy and the regulation of MMP-2/TIMPs by elastin-derived peptides. J Orthop Res 2024; 42:2061-2071. [PMID: 38546147 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to examine matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression in a rat ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy model in vivo, and the effect of elastin-derived peptides (EDPs) on MMP-2 and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in rat LF cells in vitro. Surgical destabilization was performed at the rat spinal L3/4 level to induce increased mechanical stress. Rats were killed at 6- and 12-weeks postsurgery for histological staining, immunohistochemical staining, RT-qPCR and western blot. 100 µg/mL EDPs were applied to isolated normal rat LF cells, with or without pretreatment of elastin receptor complex (ERC) inhibitors, to assess the expression of MMP-2, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. Spinal destabilization led to LF hypertrophy, observed through increased LF thickness and area, along with histological changes of chondrometaplasia and elastic fiber degradation. LF was also stained positively for Col I and Col II, where elastic fiber has broken down. MMP-2 expression was notably elevated in the hypertrophied LF, accompanied by increased TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 levels. EDPs were found to suppress MMP-2 expression and reduce TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels in rat LF cells. Interestingly, exposure to EDPs led to a significant rise in MMP-2/TIMP-1 and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios, dependent on the ERC. Collectively, the study suggests that increased MMP-2 activity contributes to elastic fiber degradation in hypertrophied LF, generating EDPs that further enhance the MMP-2/TIMPs ratio in LF cells in an ERC-dependent manner. Further research is essential to delve into the mechanisms of EDPs in LF hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hai Zhuo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Engineering Programme (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Weng Dennis Hey
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wing Moon Raymond Lam
- National University of Singapore Engineering Programme (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyun Chloe Chan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Loo Hoey Lit
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Soon Chiong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hee-Kit Wong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Engineering Programme (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Liu F, Zhong M, Yang L, Song C, Chen C, Xu Z, Zhang C, Li Z, Wu X, Jiang C, Chen F, Yan Q. Experimental confirmation and bioinformatics reveal biomarkers of immune system infiltration and hypertrophy ligamentum flavum. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1354. [PMID: 39071860 PMCID: PMC11272949 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertrophy ligamentum flavum is a prevalent chronic spinal condition that affects middle-aged and older adults. However, the molecular pathways behind this disease are not well comprehended. Objective The objective of this work is to implement bioinformatics techniques in order to identify crucial biological markers and immune infiltration that are linked to hypertrophy ligamentum flavum. Further, the study aims to experimentally confirm the molecular mechanisms that underlie the hypertrophy ligamentum flavum. Methods The corresponding gene expression profiles (GSE113212) were selected from a comprehensive gene expression database. The gene dataset for hypertrophy ligamentum flavum was acquired from GeneCards. A network of interactions between proteins was created, and an analysis of functional enrichment was conducted using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. An study of hub genes was performed to evaluate the infiltration of immune cells in patient samples compared to tissues from the control group. Finally, samples of the ligamentum flavum were taken with the purpose of validating the expression of important genes in a clinical setting. Results Overall, 27 hub genes that were differently expressed were found through molecular biology. The hub genes were found to be enriched in immune response, chemokine-mediated signaling pathways, inflammation, ossification, and fibrosis processes, as demonstrated by GO and KEGG studies. The main signaling pathways involved include the TNF signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and TGF-β signaling pathway. An examination of immunocell infiltration showed notable disparities in B cells (naïve and memory) and activated T cells (CD4 memory) between patients with hypertrophic ligamentum flavum and the control group of healthy individuals. The in vitro validation revealed markedly elevated levels of ossification and fibrosis-related components in the hypertrophy ligamentum flavum group, as compared to the normal group. Conclusion The TGF-β signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and related hub genes play crucial roles in the progression of ligamentum flavum hypertrophic. Our study may guide future research on fibrosis of the ligamentum flavum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- Department of OrthopedicsRuiKang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of ElectrocardiographyThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of OrthopedicsRuiKang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
| | - Chao Song
- Department of OrthopedicsRuiKang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Chaoqi Chen
- Department of OrthopedicsRuiKang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Department of OrthopedicsRuiKang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of OrthopedicsRuiKang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
| | - Zhifa Li
- Department of OrthopedicsRuiKang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
| | - Xiaofei Wu
- Department of OrthopedicsRuiKang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of OrthopedicsRuiKang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of OrthopedicsRuiKang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
| | - Qian Yan
- Department of OrthopedicsRuiKang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningChina
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Fang N, Wang Z, Jiang J, Yang A, Mao T, Wang Z, Chen Q. Nonsurgical therapy for lumbar spinal stenosis caused by ligamentum flavum hypertrophy: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38782. [PMID: 38968524 PMCID: PMC11224896 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) can cause a range of cauda equina symptoms, including lower back and leg pain, numbness, and intermittent claudication. This disease affects approximately 103 million people worldwide, particularly the elderly, and can seriously compromise their health and well-being. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is one of the main contributing factors to this disease. Surgical treatment is currently recommended for LSS caused by LFH. For patients who do not meet the criteria for surgery, symptom relief can be achieved by using oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and epidural steroid injections. Exercise therapy and needle knife can also help to reduce the effects of mechanical stress. However, the effectiveness of these methods varies, and targeting the delay in LF hypertrophy is challenging. Therefore, further research and development of new drugs is necessary to address this issue. Several new drugs, including cyclopamine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine, are currently undergoing testing and may serve as new treatments for LSS caused by LFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Fang
- College of Acupuncture & Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiecheng Jiang
- College of Acupuncture & Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
| | - Aofei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Mao
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zitong Wang
- College of Acupuncture & Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Acupuncture & Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China
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Du F, Li J, Zhang S, Zeng X, Nie J, Li Z. Oxidative stress in hair follicle development and hair growth: Signalling pathways, intervening mechanisms and potential of natural antioxidants. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18486. [PMID: 38923380 PMCID: PMC11196958 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hair follicle development and hair growth are regulated by multiple factors and multiple signalling pathways. The hair follicle, as an important skin appendage, is the basis for hair growth, and it has the functions of safeguarding the body, perceiving the environment and regulating body temperature. Hair growth undergoes a regular hair cycle, including anagen, catagen and telogen. A small amount of physiological shedding of hair occurs under normal conditions, always in a dynamic equilibrium. Hair loss occurs when the skin or hair follicles are stimulated by oxidative stress, inflammation or hormonal disorders that disrupt the homeostasis of the hair follicles. Numerous researches have indicated that oxidative stress is an important factor causing hair loss. Here, we summarize the signalling pathways and intervention mechanisms by which oxidative stress affects hair follicle development and hair growth, discuss existing treatments for hair loss via the antioxidant pathway and provide our own insights. In addition, we collate antioxidant natural products promoting hair growth in recent years and discuss the limitations and perspectives of current hair loss prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanpan Du
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Shiqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Jing Nie
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of EducationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
- Department of Pharmacology, School of PharmacyZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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Wang C, Wang Z, Zi Y, Dan X, Xu J, Zhao J, Xu W, Wu Z, Liu W, Ma B. Compensatory upregulation of MT2A alleviates neurogenic intermittent claudication through inhibiting activated p38 MAPK-mediated neuronal apoptosis. Hum Cell 2024; 37:675-688. [PMID: 38546949 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Neurogenic intermittent claudication (NIC), a classic symptom of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), is associated with neuronal apoptosis. To explore the novel therapeutic target of NIC treatment, we constructed the rat model of NIC by cauda equina compression (CEC) method and collected dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissues, a region responsible for sensory and motor function, for mRNA sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis of mRNA sequencing indicated that upregulated metallothionein 2A (MT2A), an apoptosis-regulating gene belonging to the metallothionein family, might participate in NIC progression. Activated p38 MAPK mediated motor dysfunction following LSS and it was also found in DRG tissues of rats with NIC. Therefore, we supposed that MT2A might affect NIC progression by regulating p38 MAPK pathway. Then the rat model of NIC was used to explore the exact role of MT2A. Rats at day 7 post-CEC exhibited poorer motor function and had two-fold MT2A expression in DRG tissues compared with rats with sham operation. Co-localization analysis showed that MT2A was highly expressed in neurons, but not in microglia or astrocytes. Subsequently, neurons isolated from DRG tissues of rats were exposed to hypoxia condition (3% O2, 92% N2, 5% CO2) to induce cell damage. Gain of MT2A function in neurons was performed by lentivirus-mediated overexpression. MT2A overexpression inhibited apoptosis by inactivating p38 MAPK in hypoxia-exposed neurons. Our findings indicated that high MT2A expression was related to NIC progression, and MT2A overexpression protected against NIC through inhibiting activated p38 MAPK-mediated neuronal apoptosis in DRG tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wang
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Zhanchao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chongming Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zi
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Hospital of the Northern Theater of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejian Dan
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Zhourui Wu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Bin Ma
- Division of Spine, Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200065, China.
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Zhao R, Dong J, Liu C, Li M, Tan R, Fei C, Chen Y, Yang X, Shi J, Xu J, Wang L, Li P, Zhang Z. Thrombospondin-1 promotes mechanical stress-mediated ligamentum flavum hypertrophy through the TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway. Matrix Biol 2024; 127:8-22. [PMID: 38281553 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Lumbar spinal canal stenosis is primarily caused by ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH), which is a significant pathological factor. Nevertheless, the precise molecular basis for the development of LFH remains uncertain. The current investigation observed a notable increase in thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) expression in LFH through proteomics analysis and single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of clinical ligamentum flavum specimens. In laboratory experiments, it was demonstrated that THBS1 triggered the activation of Smad3 signaling induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), leading to the subsequent enhancement of COL1A2 and α-SMA, which are fibrosis markers. Furthermore, experiments conducted on a bipedal standing mouse model revealed that THBS1 played a crucial role in the development of LFH. Sestrin2 (SESN2) acted as a stress-responsive protein that suppressed the expression of THBS1, thus averting the progression of fibrosis in ligamentum flavum (LF) cells. To summarize, these results indicate that mechanical overloading causes an increase in THBS1 production, which triggers the TGFβ1/Smad3 signaling pathway and ultimately results in the development of LFH. Targeting the suppression of THBS1 expression may present a novel approach for the treatment of LFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhao
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiale Dong
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Guangdong 511518, China
| | - Mingheng Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Ruiqian Tan
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chengshuo Fei
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Yanlin Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiawei Shi
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Zhongmin Zhang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Guevara-Villazón F, Pacheco-Tena C, Anchondo-López A, Ordoñez-Solorio LA, Contreras Martínez B, Muñoz-Cobos A, Luévano-González A, González-Chávez SA. Transcriptomic alterations in hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum: interactions of Rho GTPases, RTK, PIK3, and FGF. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 32:1901-1910. [PMID: 37115284 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the differential transcriptome expression in hypertrophic ligaments flavum (HLF) compared to normal ligaments. METHODS A case-control study was conducted that included 15 patients with hypertrophy of LF and 15 controls. Samples of LF were obtained through a lumbar laminectomy and analyzed by DNA microarrays and histology. The dysregulated biological processes, signaling pathways, and pathological markers in the HLF were identified using bioinformatics tools. RESULTS The HLF had notable histological alterations, including hyalinosis, leukocyte infiltration, and disarrangement of collagen fibers. Transcriptomic analysis showed that up-regulated genes were associated with the signaling pathways of Rho GTPases, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), fibroblast growth factors (FGF), WNT, vascular endothelial growth factor, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PIK3), mitogen-activated protein kinases, and immune system. The genes PIK3R1, RHOA, RPS27A, CDC42, VAV1, and FGF5, 9, 18, and 19 were highlighted as crucial markers in HLF. The down-expressed genes in the HLF had associations with the metabolism of RNA and proteins. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that abnormal processes in hypertrophied LF are mediated by the interaction of the Rho GTPase, RTK, and PI3K pathways, which have not been previously described in the HLF, but for which there are currently therapeutic proposals. More studies are required to confirm the therapeutic potential of the pathways and mediators described in our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Guevara-Villazón
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
- Neuroteam CUU, Hospital Ángeles Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - César Pacheco-Tena
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México.
| | - Antonio Anchondo-López
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | | | | | | | - Arturo Luévano-González
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Susana Aideé González-Chávez
- Laboratorio PABIOM, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario Campus II, 31125, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México.
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Gu Y, Yu W, Qi M, Hu J, Jin Q, Wang X, Wang C, Chen Y, Yuan W. Identification and validation of hub genes and pathways associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum. Front Genet 2023; 14:1117416. [PMID: 37234868 PMCID: PMC10206037 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1117416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lumbar spinal stenosis which can lead to irreversible neurologic damage and functional disability, is characterized by hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum (HLF). Recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the development of HLF. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Methods: The dataset GSE113212 was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and the differentially expressed genes were identified. The intersection of DEGs and mitochondrial dysfunction-related genes were identified as mitochondrial dysfunction-related DEGs. Gene Ontology analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were performed. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and miRNAs and transcriptional factors of the hub genes were predicted via the miRNet database. Small molecule drugs targeted to these hub genes were predicted via PubChem. Immune infiltration analysis was performed to evaluate the infiltration level of immune cells and their correlation with the hub genes. In final, we measured the mitochondrial function and oxidative stress in vitro and verified the expression of hub genes by qPCR experiments. Results: In total, 43 genes were identified as MDRDEGs. These genes were mainly involved in cellular oxidation, catabolic processes, and the integrity of mitochondrial structure and function. The top hub genes were screened, including LONP1, TK2, SCO2, DBT, TFAM, MFN2. The most significant enriched pathways include cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, focal adhesion, etc. Besides, SP1, PPARGC1A, YY1, MYC, PPARG, and STAT1 were predicted transcriptional factors of these hub genes. Additionally, increased immune infiltration was demonstrated in HLF, with a close correlation between hub genes and immune cells found. The mitochondrial dysfunction and the expression of hub genes were validated by evaluation of mitochondrial DNA, oxidative stress markers and quantitative real-time PCR. Conclusion: This study applied the integrative bioinformatics analysis and revealed the mitochondrial dysfunction-related key genes, regulatory pathways, TFs, miRNAs, and small molecules underlying the development of HLF, which improved the understanding of molecular mechanisms and the development of novel therapeutic targets for HLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinquan Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianmei Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Ito K, Kise H, Suzuki S, Nagai S, Hachiya K, Takeda H, Kawabata S, Ikeda D, Takubo K, Kaneko S, Fujita N. Potential Involvement of Oxidative Stress in Ligamentum Flavum Hypertrophy. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030808. [PMID: 36769455 PMCID: PMC9918097 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) results in many disorders, of which degenerative musculoskeletal conditions are no exception. However, the interaction between OS and ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy in lumbar spinal canal stenosis is not clearly understood. The first research question was whether OS was involved in LF hypertrophy, and the second was whether the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was effective on LF hypertrophy. In total, 47 LF samples were collected from patients with lumbar spinal disorders. The cross-sectional area of LF was measured on axial magnetic resonance imaging. Immunohistochemistry of 8-OHdG and TNF-α were conducted on human LF samples. A positive association was found between 8-OHdG or TNF-α expression and cross-sectional area of LF. Flow cytometry analysis showed that H2O2, buthionine sulfoximine, and TNF-α treatment significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species in primary LF cells. NAC inhibited the induction of LF hypertrophy markers by OS or TNF in a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Western blotting analysis indicated that p38, Erk, and p65 phosphorylation were involved in intracellular OS signaling in LF cells. In conclusion, our results indicated that OS could be a therapeutic target for LF hypertrophy. Although this study included no in vivo studies to examine the longitudinal efficacy of NAC on LF hypertrophy, NAC may have potential as a therapeutic agent against lumbar spinal canal stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hideki Kise
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan
| | - Sota Nagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Kurenai Hachiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takeda
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Soya Kawabata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Daiki Ikeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Kaneko
- Department of Spine and Spinal Cord Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fujita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-5-6293-2169 or +81-3-5363-3812; Fax: +81-5-6293-9252 or +81-3-3353-6597
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10
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Wang C, Wei Z, Yu T, Zhang L. Dysregulation of metalloproteinases in spinal ligament degeneration. Connect Tissue Res 2023:1-13. [PMID: 36600486 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2160327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Degenerative changes in the spinal ligaments, such as hypertrophy or ossification, are important pathophysiological mechanisms of secondary spinal stenosis and neurological compression. Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is one of the major pathological changes in ligament degeneration, and in this remodeling, ECM proteinase-mediated degradation of elastin and collagen plays a vital role. Zinc-dependent endopeptidases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs), and ADAMs with thrombospondin-1 motifs (ADAMTSs) are key factors in ECM remodeling. This review aims to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these metalloproteinases in the initiation and progression of spinal ligament degeneration. METHODS We clarify current literature on the dysregulation of MMPs/ADAMs/ADAMTS and their endogenous inhibitors in degenerative spinal ligament diseases. In addition, some instructive information was excavated from the raw data of the relevant high-throughput analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The dysregulation of metalloproteinases and their endogenous inhibitors may affect ligament degeneration by involving several interrelated processes, represented by ECM degradation, fibroblast proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. Antagonists of the key targets of the processes may in turn ease ligament degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziran Wei
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tengbo Yu
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Medical Research Centre, Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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11
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Higher Oxidative Stress in Endometriotic Lesions Upregulates Senescence-Associated p16 ink4a and β-Galactosidase in Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020914. [PMID: 36674426 PMCID: PMC9860681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis affects a significant proportion of women worldwide; however, no definitive cure for this disease has been discovered to date. Oxidative stress promotes endometriotic lesion maintenance in the peritoneal cavity in women. Furthermore, there is evidence of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and senescence involvement in the physiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative damage and are expected to trigger senescence in the endometrium while also causing alterations in MAPK signaling. However, the role of ROS in the senescence-associated phenotype in endometriosis remains unknown. In this context, this study attempted to delineate the pathways linking ROS to senescence in endometrial and endometriotic lesions of healthy individuals and those with endometriosis. Our results indicate a higher presence of ROS in endometriotic lesions, and the upregulation of MAPK. Furthermore, we show that endometriotic lesions in stromal cells stimulated with hydrogen peroxide develop more senescence traits than eutopic and non-endometriosis endometrium. Overall, endometriotic cells respond differently to extracellular distress. Our contribution to further research in this field contributed to the roadmap of endometriosis' search for alternative treatments.
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12
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Gu Y, Hu J, Wang C, Qi M, Chen Y, Yu W, Wang Z, Wang X, Yuan W. Smurf1 Facilitates Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis of Ligamentum Flavum by Promoting Nrf2 Ubiquitination and Degradation. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:1164147. [PMID: 37091902 PMCID: PMC10118886 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1164147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), which can lead to irreversible neurologic damage and functional disability, is characterized by hypertrophy and fibrosis in the ligamentum flavum (LF). However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In the current study, the effect of Smurf1, a kind of E3 ubiquitin ligase, in promoting the fibrosis and oxidative stress of LF was investigated, and its underlying mechanism was explored. The expression of oxidative stress and fibrosis-related markers was assessed in the tissue of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) and lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Next, the expression of the top 10 E3 ubiquitin ligases, obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset GSE113212, was assessed in LDH and LSS, and confirmed that Smurf1 expression was markedly upregulated in the LSS group. Furthermore, Smurf1 overexpression promotes the fibrosis and oxidative stress of LF cells. Subsequently, NRF2, an important transcription factor for oxidative stress and fibrosis, was predicted to be a target of Smurf1. Mechanistically, Smurf1 directly interacts with Nrf2 and accelerates Nrf2 ubiquitination and degradation. In conclusion, the current study suggests that Smurf1 facilitated the fibrosis and oxidative stress of LF and induced the development of LSS by promoting Nrf2 ubiquitination and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jinquan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Min Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wenchao Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Zhanchao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
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13
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Ma C, Qi X, Wei YF, Li Z, Zhang HL, Li H, Yu FL, Pu YN, Huang YC, Ren YX. Amelioration of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy using umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:139-154. [PMID: 35475028 PMCID: PMC9014323 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy (LFH) has been recognised as one of the key contributors to lumbar spinal stenosis. Currently, no effective methods are available to ameliorate this hypertrophy. In this study, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hUCMSC-EVs) were introduced for the first time as promising vehicles for drug delivery to treat LFH. The downregulation of miR-146a-5p and miR-221-3p expressions in human LF tissues negatively correlated with increased LF thickness. The hUCMSC-EVs enriched with these two miRNAs significantly suppressed LFH in vivo and notably ameliorated the progression of transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)-induced fibrosis in vitro after delivering these two miRNAs to mouse LF cells. The results further demonstrated that miR-146a-5p and miR-221-3p directly bonded to the 3′-UTR regions of SMAD4 mRNA, thereby inhibiting the TGF-β/SMAD4 signalling pathway. Therefore, this translational study determined the effectiveness of a hUCMSC-EVs-based approach for the treatment of LFH and revealed the critical target of miR-146a-5p and miR-221-3p. Our findings provide new insights into promising therapeutics using a hUCMSC-EVs-based delivery system for patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. The downregulation of miR-146a-5p and miR-221-3p expressions were negatively correlated with the development of LFH. MiR-146a-5p and miR-221-3p enriched in hUCMSC-EVs prevent the fibrosis of LF by targeting SMAD4. hUCMSC-EVs are effective as bioactive vehicles to ameliorate the progression of LFH. hUCMSC-EVs-based delivery system is a promising therapy for the patients with lumbar spinal stenosis.
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14
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He Z, Zhu Z, Tang T, Guo P, Gao M, Li B, Nguyen TCT, Chen H, Liu X, Zhou Z, Liu S. Characterization of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy based on m6A RNA methylation modification and the immune microenvironment. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8800-8827. [PMID: 36628248 PMCID: PMC9827295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE N6-methyladenosine (m6A) has been implicated in the progression of several diseases, and the role of epigenetic regulation in immunity is emerging, particularly for RNA m6A modification. However, it is unclear how m6A-related genes affect the immune microenvironment of ligamentum flavum hyperplasia (LFH). Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of m6A modification on the LFH immune microenvironment. METHODS The GSE113212 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We systematically analyzed m6A regulators in eight patient samples and the corresponding clinical information of the samples. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were used to explore the correlation of m6A clusters with the immune microenvironment in LFH. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression was then used to further explore the m6A prognostic signature in LFH. The relative abundance of immune cell types was quantified using a single-sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm. We explored the relationship between hub genes and small molecule drug sensitivity by clustering hub gene-based samples. In addition, Real-Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) as well as western blotting (WB) were used to validate the gene expression of the differentially expressed genes. RESULTS A total of 1259 differentially expressed genes were identified, of which 471 were upregulated and 788 were downregulated. A total of three genes showed significant differences (METTL16, PCIF1, and FTO). According to the enrichment analysis, immune factors may play a key role in LFH. ssGSEA was used to cluster the immune infiltration score, construct the hub gene diagnosis model, and screen a total of 6 LFH immune-related prediction model genes. The predictive diagnostic model of LFH was further constructed, revealing that METTL16, PCIF1, FTO and ALKBH5 had superior diagnostic efficiency. RT-qPCR results showed that 6 genes (METTL16, PCIF1, POSTN, TNNC1, MMP1 and ACTA1; P < 0.05) exhibited expression consistent with the results of the bioinformatics analysis of the mRNA microarray. Up-regulated METTL16, PCIF1, and ALKBH5 levels in LFH were validated by western blotting. CONCLUSION Diversity and complexity of LFH's immune microenvironment are influenced by M6A modification, and our study provides strong evidence for predicting the diagnosis and prognosis of LFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan He
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengya Zhu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Manman Gao
- Department of Sport Medicine, Inst Translat Med, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s HospitalShenzhen, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science CenterShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoliang Li
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tran Canh Tung Nguyen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Hongkun Chen
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xizhe Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Innovation Platform of Regeneration and Repair of Spinal Cord and Nerve Injury, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityShenzhen, Guangdong, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
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15
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Administration of N-Acetylcysteine to Regress the Fibrogenic and Proinflammatory Effects of Oxidative Stress in Hypertrophic Ligamentum Flavum Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1380353. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1380353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) is a major cause of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). In hypertrophic ligamentum flavum (LF) cells, oxidative stress activates intracellular signaling and induces the expression of inflammatory and fibrotic markers. This study explored whether healthy and hypertrophic LF cells respond differently to oxidative stress, via examining the levels of phosphorylated p38 (p-p38), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Furthermore, the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, in reversing the fibrogenic and proinflammatory effects of oxidative stress in hypertrophic LF cells was investigated by assessing the expression levels of p-p38, p-p65, iNOS, TGF-β, α-SMA, vimentin, and collagen I under H2O2 treatment with or without NAC. Under oxidative stress, p-p38 increased significantly in both hypertrophic and healthy LF cells, and iNOS was elevated in only the hypertrophic LF cells. This revealed that oxidative stress negatively affected both hypertrophic and healthy LF cells, with the hypertrophic LF cells exhibiting more active inflammation than did the healthy cells. After H2O2 treatment, p-p38, p-p65, iNOS, TGF-β, vimentin, and collagen I increased significantly, and NAC administration reversed the effects of oxidative stress. These results can form the basis of a novel therapeutic treatment for LFH using antioxidants.
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16
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Duan Y, Li J, Qiu S, Ni S, Cao Y. TCF7/SNAI2/miR-4306 feedback loop promotes hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum. Lab Invest 2022; 20:468. [PMID: 36224570 PMCID: PMC9558422 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum (HLF) is the mainly cause of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), but the precise mechanism of HLF formation has not been fully elucidated. Emerging evidence indicates that transcription factor 7 (TCF7) is the key downstream functional molecule of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which participated in regulating multiple biological processes. However, the role and underlying mechanism of TCF7 in HLF is still unclear. Methods We used mRNAs sequencing analysis of human LF and subsequent confirmation with RT-qPCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry to identified the TCF7 in HLF tissues and cells. Then effect of TCF7 on HLF progression was investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanically, chromatin immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter assays, and rescue experiments were used to validate the regulation of TCF7/SNAI2/miR-4306 feedback loop. Results Our results identified for first time that the TCF7 expression was obviously elevated in HLF tissues and cells compared with control, and also found that TCF7 expression had significant positive correlation with LF thickness and fibrosis score. Notably, TCF7 inhibition suppressed the hyper-proliferation and fibrosis phenotype of HLF cells in vitro and ameliorated progression of HLF in mice in vivo, whereas TCF7 overexpression promoted hyper-proliferation and fibrosis phenotype of HLF cells in vitro. Our data further revealed that TCF7 interacted with SNAI2 promoter to transactivated the SNAI2 expression, thereby promoting hyper-proliferation and fibrosis phenotype of HLF cells in vitro. Furthermore, miR-4036 negatively regulated by SNAI2 could negatively feedback regulate TCF7 expression by directly binding to TCF7 mRNA 3’-UTR, thus inhibiting the hyper-proliferation and fibrosis phenotype of HLF cells in vitro. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that TCF7 inhibition could suppress HLF formation by modulating TCF7/SNAI2/miR-4306 feedback loop, which might be considered as a novel potential therapeutic target for HLF. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03677-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sujun Qiu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songjia Ni
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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17
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Li P, Fei CS, Chen YL, Chen ZS, Lai ZM, Tan RQ, Yu YP, Xiang X, Dong JL, Zhang JX, Wang L, Zhang ZM. Revealing the novel autophagy-related genes for ligamentum flavum hypertrophy in patients and mice model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:973799. [PMID: 36275675 PMCID: PMC9581255 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.973799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosis is a core pathological factor of ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH) resulting in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Autophagy plays a vital role in multi-organ fibrosis. However, autophagy has not been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of LFH. Methods The LFH microarray data set GSE113212, derived from Gene Expression Omnibus, was analyzed to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Potential autophagy-related genes (ARGs) were obtained with the human autophagy regulator database. Functional analyses including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) were conducted to elucidate the underlying biological pathways of autophagy regulating LFH. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses was used to obtain hub ARGs. Using transmission electron microscopy, quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry, we identified six hub ARGs in clinical specimens and bipedal standing (BS) mouse model. Results A total of 70 potential differentially expressed ARGs were screened, including 50 up-regulated and 20 down-regulated genes. According to GO enrichment and KEGG analyses, differentially expressed ARGs were mainly enriched in autophagy-related enrichment terms and signaling pathways related to autophagy. GSEA and GSVA results revealed the potential mechanisms by demonstrating the signaling pathways and biological processes closely related to LFH. Based on PPI network analysis, 14 hub ARGs were identified. Using transmission electron microscopy, we observed the autophagy process in LF tissues for the first time. Quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry results indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of FN1, TGFβ1, NGF, and HMOX1 significantly higher both in human and mouse with LFH, while the mRNA and protein expression levels of CAT and SIRT1 were significantly decreased. Conclusion Based on bioinformatics analysis and further experimental validation in clinical specimens and the BS mouse model, six potential ARGs including FN1, TGFβ1, NGF, HMOX1, CAT, and SIRT1 were found to participate in the fibrosis process of LFH through autophagy and play an essential role in its molecular mechanism. These potential genes may serve as specific therapeutic molecular targets in the treatment of LFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-shuo Fei
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-lin Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ze-sen Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-ming Lai
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-qian Tan
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-peng Yu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xiang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-le Dong
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun-xiong Zhang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Wang, ; Zhong-min Zhang,
| | - Zhong-min Zhang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Wang, ; Zhong-min Zhang,
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18
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Jain M, Sable M, Tirpude AP, Sahu RN, Samanta SK, Das G. Histological difference in ligament flavum between degenerative lumbar canal stenosis and non-stenotic group: A prospective, comparative study. World J Orthop 2022; 13:791-801. [PMID: 36189332 PMCID: PMC9516625 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v13.i9.791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligament flavum (LF) hypertropy is the main etiopathogenesis of lumbar canal stenosis (LCS). The purely elastic LF undergoes a morphological adaptation including a reduction in the elastic fibers and a consequent increase in the collagen content, fibrosis, cicatrization, and calcification. However, the morphometric analysis can delineate the LF in patients with LCS from those without LCS, which would help in better understanding LCS pathogenesis.
AIM To compare the histopathological changes in LF between the degenerative LCS and non-stenotic (non-LCS) group.
METHODS The present prospective study was conducted in 82 patients who were divided into two groups, namely LCS and non-LCS. Demographic details of the patients such as duration of symptoms, level of involvement, and number of segments were recorded. The LF obtained from both groups was histopathologically examined for the fibrosis score, elastic fiber degeneration, calcification, and chondroid metaplasia. Morphometrical details included a change in elastin and collagen percentages, elastin/collagen ratio, elastic fiber fragmentation, and ligamentocyte numbers. All parameters were compared between the two groups by using the independent t test, Chi-square test, and Pearson’s correlation test.
RESULTS Out of 82 cases, 74 were analysed, 34 in LCS and 40 in non-LCS group. The mean ± SD age of presentation in LCS and non- LCS group was 49.2 ± 8.9 and 43.1 ± 14.3 respectively. The LCS group (n = 34) exhibited significant differences in fibrosis (P = 0.002), elastic fiber degeneration (P = 0.01), % elastic fragmentation (66.5 ± 16.3 vs 29.5 ± 16.9), % elastic, content (26.9 ± 6.7 vs 34.7 ± 8.4), % collagen content (63.6 ± 10.4 vs 54.9 ± 6.4), reduction of elastic/collagen (0.4 ± 0.1 vs 0.6 ± 0.1), and ligamentocyte number (39.1 ± 19.1 vs 53.5 ± 26.9) as compared to non-LCS group (n = 40). The calcification (P = 0.08) and Pearson’s correlation between duration and loss of elastin was not significant. The difference in LF morphology is consistent in patient’s ≥ 40 years of age among the groups as found in subgroup analysis. Similarly in the patents < 40 and > 40 in the non-LCS group.
CONCLUSION LF is vital in the pathogenesis of LCS. The purely elastic LF undergoes a morphological adaptation that includes a reduction in the elastic fibers with a consequent increase in the collagen content, fibrosis, cicatrization, and calcification. The present study provides a detailed morphometric analysis to semiquantitatively delineate the LF changes in patients with LCS from those in patients without LCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantu Jain
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhuabneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Mukund Sable
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Purushottam Tirpude
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, Raipur 492009, Chattisgarh, India
| | - Rabi Narayan Sahu
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Sudeep Kumar Samanta
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhuabneswar 751019, Odisha, India
| | - Gurudip Das
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhubaneswar, Bhuabneswar 751019, Odisha, India
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Harpagophytum procumbens Inhibits Iron Overload-Induced Oxidative Stress through Activation of Nrf2 Signaling in a Rat Model of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3472443. [PMID: 36160714 PMCID: PMC9492433 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3472443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common degenerative spinal condition in older individuals that causes impaired walking and other disabilities due to severe lower back and leg pain. Ligamentum flavum hypertrophy is a major LSS cause that may result from oxidative stress caused by degenerative cascades, including imbalanced iron homeostasis that leads to excessive reactive oxygen species production. We investigated the effects of Harpagophytum procumbens (HP) on iron-induced oxidative stress associated with LSS pathophysiology. Primary spinal cord neuron cultures were incubated in FeSO4-containing medium, followed by addition of 50, 100, or 200 μg/mL HP. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 and live/dead cell assays and by propidium iodide-live imaging. In an in vivo rat model of LSS, HP were administered at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, and disease progression was monitored for up to 3 weeks. We investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of HP on iron-induced neurotoxicity by immunochemistry, real-time PCR, and flow cytometry. HP exerted neuroprotective effects and enhanced neurite outgrowths of iron-injured rat primary spinal cord neurons in vitro. HP treatment significantly reduced necrotic cell death and improved cells' antioxidative capacity via the NRF2 signaling pathway in iron-treated neurons. At 1 week after HP administration in LSS rats, the inflammatory response and oxidative stress markers were substantially reduced through regulation of excess iron accumulation. Iron that accumulated in the spinal cord underneath the implanted silicone was also regulated by HP administration via NRF2 signaling pathway activation. HP-treated LSS rats showed gradually reduced mechanical allodynia and amelioration of impaired behavior for 3 weeks. We demonstrated that HP administration can maintain iron homeostasis within neurons via activation of NRF2 signaling and can consequently facilitate functional recovery by regulating iron-induced oxidative stress. This fundamentally new strategy holds promise for LSS treatment.
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Impact of oxidized LDL/LOX-1 system on ligamentum flavum hypertrophy. J Orthop Sci 2022; 28:669-676. [PMID: 35123844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSS) often have peripheral arterial disease and aortic disease based on atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL, which is clinically involved in the development of atherosclerosis, may also influence LF hypertrophy, but the function of the oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL)/lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) system in LF hypertrophy is unknown. We aimed to elucidate the potential involvement of oxidized LDL/LOX-1 system in ligamentum flavum (LF) hypertrophy. METHODS A total of 43 samples were collected from LF tissues of the patients who underwent posterior lumbar spinal surgery. Immunohistochemistry for LOX-1 was performed using human LF samples. We treated the cells in vitro with inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, oxidized LDL, and simvastatin. The expressions of LOX-1 and LF hypertrophy markers including type I collagen, Type III collagen, and COX-2 were assessed by real-time RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-κb was evaluated by Western blot after treatment with TNF-α, IL-1β, oxidized LDL, and simvastatin. RESULTS A significant weak correlation was observed between the number of positive cells of LOX-1 and cross-sectional area of LF on preoperative axial magnetic resonance imaging. In functional analysis, simvastatin treatment neutralized the oxidized LDL-mediated induction of mRNA expressions of LF hypertrophy markers. Western blot analysis showed that oxidized LDL as well as TNF-α and IL-1β activated the signaling of MAPKs and NF-κb in LF cells, and that simvastatin treatment reduced the phosphorylation of all signaling. The TNF-α and IL-1β treatments increased both mRNA and protein expression of LOX-1 in LF cells. CONCLUSION We found a link between the oxidized LDL/LOX-1 system and LF hypertrophy. In addition, our in vitro analysis indicate that oxidized LDL may affect LF hypertrophy through signaling of MAPKs. Our results suggest that the oxidized LDL/LOX-1 system may be a potential therapeutic target for LSS.
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Mechanical Stress-Induced IGF-1 Facilitates col-I and col-III Synthesis via the IGF-1R/AKT/mTORC1 Signaling Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5553676. [PMID: 34912459 PMCID: PMC8668368 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5553676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress promotes human ligamentum flavum cells (LFCs) to synthesize multitype collagens, leading to ligamentum flavum hypertrophy (LFH). However, the mechanism of mechanical stress in the formation of collagen remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between mechanical stress and collagen synthesis in the present study. First, LFCs were isolated from 9 patients and cultured with or without mechanical stress exposure for different times. IGF-1, collagen I (col-I), and collagen III (col-III) protein and mRNA levels were then detected via ELISA and qPCR, respectively. Moreover, the activation of pIGF-1R, pAKT, and pS6 was examined by Western blot analysis. To further explore the underlying mechanism, an IGF-1 neutralizing antibody, NVP-AEW541, and rapamycin were used. IGF-1, col-I, and col-III were significantly increased in stressed LFCs compared to nonstressed LFCs. In addition, the activation of pIGF-1R, pAKT, and pS6 was obviously enhanced in stressed LFCs. Interestingly, col-I protein, col-I mRNA, col-III protein, col-III mRNA, and IGF-1 protein, but not IGF-1 mRNA, were inhibited by IGF-1 neutralizing antibody. In addition, col-I and col-III protein and mRNA, but not IGF-1, were inhibited by both NVP-AEW541 and rapamycin. Moreover, the activation of pIGF-1R, pAKT, and pS6 was reduced by the IGF-1 neutralizing antibody and NVP-AEW541, and the activation of pS6 was reduced by rapamycin. In summary, these results suggested that mechanical stress promotes LFCs to produce IGF-1, which facilitates col-I and col-III synthesis via the IGF-1R/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway.
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22
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Deng N, Jiang H, Wu P, Yang Q, Li S, Li J, Wang X, Han B, Han B, Lv Z, Zhang Z. Inhibition of the Nrf2/p38MAPK pathway involved in deltamethrin-induced apoptosis and fibrosis in quail kidney. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112382. [PMID: 34216712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a broad-spectrum and effective pyrethroid insecticide. However, DLM has good residual activity on most surfaces and many insects, so it poses a threat to the environment and health of animals and human. Exposure to DLM can cause kidney injury, but the mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated the possible mechanism of quail kidney injury induced by chronic exposure to different doses of DLM for 12 weeks. The results showed that chronic exposure to DLM induced apoptosis and fibrosis of quail kidney through the promotion of oxidative stress by down-regulating nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), up-regulating the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38MAPK). Furthermore, DLM-induced kidney apoptosis in quails as evidenced by increased expression of B-cell lymphoma gene 2-associated X while decreased expression of B-cell lymphoma-extra large. Simultaneously, DLM-induced kidney fibrosis in quails as evidenced by increased expression of fibrosis maker proteins. Overall, the results demonstrate that chronic DLM exposure induces kidney apoptosis and fibrosis via inhibition of the Nrf2/p38MAPK pathway. This study provides a new understanding for the mechanism of DLM-induced quail kidney injury and also provides a theoretical basis for treatment of the DLM poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Huijie Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Qingyue Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siyu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Biqi Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Bing Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhanjun Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Elevated Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species within Cerebrospinal Fluid as New Index in the Early Detection of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11050748. [PMID: 33922090 PMCID: PMC8143471 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a common neurodegenerative condition. However, how neurogenic claudication develops with severe leg pain has not yet been clearly elucidated. Moreover, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology at the lumbosacral level is poorly understood because of the difficulties involved in quantification and visualization. Recent studies have suggested that assessment of mitochondrial function in CSF provides an indirect way to assess neurological disorders and an important feature of disease progression. In this study, we assessed the relevance of endogenous extracellular mitochondria in the CSF of rats after LSS. Mitochondrial changes within the CSF were analyzed following LSS at 1 week using flow cytometry. An increase in cell size and number was observed in CSF with LSS, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were also increased within the CSF at 1 week in the LSS group. Elevated mitochondrial ROS and functional changes in the CSF are hallmarks of LSS. The present study is the first to demonstrate that elevated mitochondrial ROS within the CSF is a new index for the early detection of LSS. Moreover, it may represent a potential novel treatment target for LSS.
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Tensile Test of Human Lumbar Ligamentum Flavum: Age-Related Changes of Stiffness. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11083337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The most common cause of lumbar spinal canal stenosis is age-related degenerative changes. The ligamentum flavum is said to become thicker and stiffer with age, based on several histological and cadaver studies. However, there are no studies determining the age-related changes of the mechanical properties of the ligamentum flavum in live patients. We examined the mechanical properties of the ligamentum flavum of live patients and evaluated the age-related changes. A total of 44 patients undergoing decompression surgery due to lumbar disease at our institute were included. The ligamentum flavum was harvested from the decompression site as a part of a necessary procedure for decompression. The tensile test was performed for the harvested ligamentum flavum within 24 h of harvest. Age-related changes in the stiffness of the ligamentum flavum were evaluated. Age was the only factor that showed a significant correlation with stiffness on multiple regression analysis. We demonstrated that the mechanical properties of the ligamentum flavum change with age.
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