1
|
Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Song J, Cheng X, Zhou C, Huang S, Zhao W, Zong Z, Yang L. Targeting the "tumor microenvironment": RNA-binding proteins in the spotlight in colorectal cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111876. [PMID: 38493688 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and has the second highest mortality rate among cancers. The development of CRC involves both genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, and recent research has focused on exploring the ex-transcriptome, particularly post-transcriptional modifications. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are emerging epigenetic regulators that play crucial roles in post-transcriptional events. Dysregulation of RBPs can result in aberrant expression of downstream target genes, thereby affecting the progression of colorectal tumors and the prognosis of patients. Recent studies have shown that RBPs can influence CRC pathogenesis and progression by regulating various components of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Although previous research on RBPs has primarily focused on their direct regulation of colorectal tumor development, their involvement in the remodeling of the TME has not been systematically reported. This review aims to highlight the significant role of RBPs in the intricate interactions within the CRC tumor microenvironment, including tumor immune microenvironment, inflammatory microenvironment, extracellular matrix, tumor vasculature, and CRC cancer stem cells. We also highlight several compounds under investigation for RBP-TME-based treatment of CRC, including small molecule inhibitors such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), siRNAs, agonists, gene manipulation, and tumor vaccines. The insights gained from this review may lead to the development of RBP-based targeted novel therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the TME, potentially inhibiting the progression and metastasis of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, 330006 Nanchang, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jingjing Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China; School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, China
| | - Xifu Cheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry of Nanchang University, China
| | - Chulin Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- The 3rd Clinical Department of China Medical University, 10159 Shenyang, China
| | - Zhen Zong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 MinDe Road, 330006 Nanchang, China.
| | - Lingling Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Mingde Rd., Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin Y, Shi H, Wu L, Ge L, Ma Z. Research progress of N6-methyladenosine in colorectal cancer: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e36394. [PMID: 38013272 PMCID: PMC10681580 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignant tumor worldwide, causing serious harm to human health. Epigenetic modification, especially RNA methylation modification, plays a critical role in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer via post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA and non-coding RNA expression. Among these, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common chemical modification in mammals, which plays an important role in the progress of cancer, including colorectal cancer. m6A is a dynamic and reversible process and is mainly regulated by m6A methyltransferase ("writers"), m6A demethylases ("erasers"), and m6A binding proteins ("readers"). Herein, we reviewed recent advances in the role of m6A modification in colorectal cancer and focused on the factors affecting m6A modification. Furthermore, we discussed the clinical application of m6A modifications for colorectal cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment and provided guides in clinical practice. m6A modification and m6A regulators play significant roles in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer by regulating the stability and translation of mRNAs, the maturation of miRNAs, and the function of lncRNAs. m6A regulators can play biological roles in colorectal cancer through m6A-dependent manner or m6A-independent manner. Multiplies of internal factors, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, and external factors can also regulate the m6A modification by completing with m6A regulators in a base complement manner, regulating the expression of m6A and mutating the m6A site. m6A regulators and m6A modificantion are diagnostic and prognostic markers for CRC. Therefore, m6A regulators and m6A modificantion may be potential therapeutic target for CRC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianping Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Linyang Ge
- Department of Respiratory, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengqing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Gaochun People’s Hospital, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anisimova AS, Karagöz GE. Optimized infrared photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (IR-PAR-CLIP) protocol identifies novel IGF2BP3-interacting RNAs in colon cancer cells. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:1818-1836. [PMID: 37582618 PMCID: PMC10578486 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079714.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The conserved family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), IGF2BPs, plays an essential role in posttranscriptional regulation controlling mRNA stability, localization, and translation. Mammalian cells express three isoforms of IGF2BPs: IGF2BP1-3. IGF2BP3 is highly overexpressed in cancer cells, and its expression correlates with a poor prognosis in various tumors. Therefore, revealing its target RNAs with high specificity in healthy tissues and in cancer cells is of crucial importance. Photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP) identifies the binding sites of RBPs on their target RNAs at nucleotide resolution in a transcriptome-wide manner. Here, we optimized the PAR-CLIP protocol to study RNA targets of endogenous IGF2BP3 in a human colorectal carcinoma cell line. To this end, we first established an immunoprecipitation protocol to obtain highly pure endogenous IGF2BP3-RNA complexes. Second, we modified the protocol to use highly sensitive infrared (IR) fluorescent dyes instead of radioactive probes to visualize IGF2BP3-crosslinked RNAs. We named the modified method "IR-PAR-CLIP." Third, we compared RNase cleavage conditions and found that sequence preferences of the RNases impact the number of the identified IGF2BP3 targets and introduce a systematic bias in the identified RNA motifs. Fourth, we adapted the single adapter circular ligation approach to increase the efficiency in library preparation. The optimized IR-PAR-CLIP protocol revealed novel RNA targets of IGF2BP3 in a human colorectal carcinoma cell line. We anticipate that our IR-PAR-CLIP approach provides a framework for studies of other RBPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S Anisimova
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, a Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and the Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - G Elif Karagöz
- Max Perutz Labs, Vienna BioCenter Campus (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Lam TW, Ting HF. Genome instability-derived genes as a novel prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1224069. [PMID: 37655157 PMCID: PMC10467266 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1224069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: An increasing number of patients are being diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma, but there remains limited progress in enhancing prognostic outcomes and improving survival rates for these patients. Genome instability is considered a contributing factor, as it enables other hallmarks of cancer to acquire functional capabilities, thus allowing cancer cells to survive, proliferate, and disseminate. Despite the importance of genome instability in cancer development, few studies have explored the prognostic signature associated with genome instability for lung adenocarcinoma. Methods: In the study, we randomly divided 397 lung adenocarcinoma patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas database into a training group (n = 199) and a testing group (n = 198). By calculating the cumulative counts of genomic alterations for each patient in the training group, we distinguished the top 25% and bottom 25% of patients. We then compared their gene expressions to identify genome instability-related genes. Next, we used univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify the prognostic signature. We also performed the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test to evaluate the performance of the identified prognostic signature. The performance of the signature was further validated in the testing group, in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, and in external datasets. We also conducted a time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis to compare our signature with established prognostic signatures to demonstrate its potential clinical value. Results: We identified GULPsig, which includes IGF2BP1, IGF2BP3, SMC1B, CLDN6, and LY6K, as a prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma patients from 42 genome instability-related genes. Based on the risk score of the risk model with GULPsig, we successfully stratified the patients into high- and low-risk groups according to the results of the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test. We further validated the performance of GULPsig as an independent prognostic signature and observed that it outperformed established prognostic signatures. Conclusion: We provided new insights to explore the clinical application of genome instability and identified GULPsig as a potential prognostic signature for lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hing-Fung Ting
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumara HMCS, Addison P, Gamage DN, Pettke E, Shah A, Yan X, Cekic V, Whelan RL. Sustained postoperative plasma elevations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 following minimally invasive colorectal cancer resection. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 16:28. [PMID: 34984101 PMCID: PMC8719251 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a serine protease inhibitor that inhibits urokinase-type plasminogen activator and tissue-type plasminogen activator. PAI-1 participates in angiogenesis, wound healing and tumor invasion, and additionally regulates endothelial cell proliferation, angiogenesis and tumor growth. The purpose of the present study was to measure plasma PAI-1 levels perioperatively in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing minimally invasive colorectal resection (MICR). Patients with CRC who underwent elective MICR were eligible for the study. All patients were enrolled in an approved data/plasma bank. Patients with preoperative, postoperative day (POD) 1, POD 3, and at least one POD 7-34 plasma sample collection were studied. Plasma PAI-1 levels were determined in duplicate using ELISA, and the medians and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined. The correlations between postoperative plasma PAI-1 levels and length of surgery were evaluated. PAI-1 levels were compared between patients who underwent laparoscopic-assisted vs. hand-assisted surgery. The preoperative PAI-1 levels of stage I, II, III and IV pathological stage subgroups were also compared. A total of 91 patients undergoing MICR for CRC were studied. The mean incision length was 8.0±3.9 cm, and the length of stay was 6.8±4.3 days. Compared with the median preoperative levels (17.30; 95% CI: 15.63-19.78 ng/ml), significantly elevated median levels were observed on POD 1 (28.86; 95% CI: 25.46-31.22 ng/ml; P<0.001), POD 3 (18.87; 95% CI: 17.05-21.78 ng/ml; P=0.0037), POD 7-13 (26.97; 95% CI: 22.81-28.74 ng/ml; P<0.001), POD 14-20 (25.92; 95% CI: 17.85-35.89 ng/ml; P=0.001) and POD 21-27 (22.63; 95% CI: 20.03-30.09 ng/ml; P<0.001). The PAI-1 levels in the hand-assisted group were higher compared with those in the laparoscopic-assisted group for 4 weeks after surgery; however, a significant difference was found only on POD 1. Therefore, plasma PIA-1 levels were found to be significantly elevated for 4 weeks after MICR, and the surgery-related acute inflammatory response may account for the early postoperative PIA-1 increase. Furthermore, PAI-1-associated VEGF-induced angiogenesis in the healing wounds may account for the late postoperative elevations, and increased PAI-1 levels may promote angiogenesis in residual tumor deposits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M C Shantha Kumara
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Poppy Addison
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Dasuni N Gamage
- Nuvance Health, Vassar Brothers Medical Center, Poughkeepsie, NY 12601, USA
| | - Erica Pettke
- Department of Surgery, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Abhinit Shah
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Vesna Cekic
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie S, Wang Y, Huang J, Li G. A novel m6A-related prognostic signature for predicting the overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients. IET Syst Biol 2021; 16:1-17. [PMID: 34647424 PMCID: PMC8849219 DOI: 10.1049/syb2.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) comprises most cases of liver cancer with a poor prognosis. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays important biological functions in cancers. Thus, the present research was aimed to determine biomarkers of m6A regulators that could effectively predict the prognosis of LIHC patients. Based on the data collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the correlation between the mRNA expression levels and copy number variation (CNV) patterns were determined. Higher mRNA expression resulted from the increasing number of 9 genes. Using the univariate Cox regression analysis, 11 m6A regulators that had close correlations with the LIHC prognosis were identified. In addition, under the support of the multivariate Cox regression models and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, a 4‐gene (YTHDF2, IGF2BP3, KIAA1429, and ALKBH5) signature of m6A regulators was constructed. This signature was expected to present a prognostic value in LIHC (log‐rank test p value < 0.0001). The GSE76427 (n = 94) and ICGC‐LIRI‐JP (n = 212) datasets were used to validate the prognostic signature, suggesting strong power to predict patients' prognosis for LIHC. To sum up, genetic alterations in m6A regulatory genes were identified as reliable and effective biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of LIHC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Busuioc C, Ciocan-Cartita CA, Braicu C, Zanoaga O, Raduly L, Trif M, Muresan MS, Ionescu C, Stefan C, Crivii C, Al Hajjar N, Mǎrgǎrit S, Berindan-Neagoe I. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Signature Related to Prognostic in Colon Adenocarcinoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11060476. [PMID: 34073426 PMCID: PMC8229043 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) remains an important cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key mechanism, promoting not only the invasive or metastatic phenotype but also resistance to therapy. Using bioinformatics approaches, we studied the alteration on EMT related genes and its implication on COAD prognostic based on public datasets. For the EMT mechanisms, two overexpressed genes were identified (NOX4 and IGF2BP3), as well as five downregulated genes (BMP5, DACT3, EEF1A2, GCNT2 and SFRP1) that were related to prognosis in COAD. A qRT-PCR validation step was conducted in a COAD patient cohort comprising of 29 tumor tissues and 29 normal adjacent tissues, endorsing the expression level for BMP5, as well as for two of the miRNAs targeting key EMT related genes, revealing upregulation of miR-27a-5p and miR-146a-5p. The EMT signature can be used to develop a panel of biomarkers for recurrence prediction in COAD patients, which may contribute to the improvement of risk stratification for the patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Busuioc
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (C.A.C.-C.); (C.B.); (O.Z.); (L.R.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Cristina Alexandra Ciocan-Cartita
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (C.A.C.-C.); (C.B.); (O.Z.); (L.R.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (C.A.C.-C.); (C.B.); (O.Z.); (L.R.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Oana Zanoaga
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (C.A.C.-C.); (C.B.); (O.Z.); (L.R.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Lajos Raduly
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (C.A.C.-C.); (C.B.); (O.Z.); (L.R.); (I.B.-N.)
| | - Monica Trif
- Centre for Innovative Process Engineering (CENTIV) GmbH, 28857 Syke, Germany;
| | - Mihai-Stefan Muresan
- 7th Surgical Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-S.M.); (C.I.)
- Surgical Department, Municipal Hospital, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Calin Ionescu
- 7th Surgical Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-S.M.); (C.I.)
- Surgical Department, Municipal Hospital, 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Stefan
- Sing Duke-NUS Global Health Institute Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Carmen Crivii
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Nadim Al Hajjar
- Department of Surgery, Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 19–21 Croitorilor Street, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19–21 Croitorilor Street, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Mǎrgǎrit
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care I, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 19–21 Croitorilor Street, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 19–21 Croitorilor Street, 400162 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (C.B.); (C.A.C.-C.); (C.B.); (O.Z.); (L.R.); (I.B.-N.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumara HMCS, Sutton E, Caballero OL, Su T, Yan X, Ahmed A, Herath SAC, Cekic V, Njoh L, Kirchoff DD, Whelan RL. The cancer testis antigens CABYR-a/b and CABYR-c are expressed in a subset of colorectal cancers and hold promise as targets for specific immunotherapy. Oncotarget 2021; 12:412-421. [PMID: 33747357 PMCID: PMC7939523 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Calcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein (CABYR) is expressed in the human germ line but not in adult human tissues, thus, it is considered a cancer testis protein. The aim of this study is to evaluate the CABYR isoforms: a/b and c mRNA expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to determine if these proteins hold promise as vaccine targets. Materials and Methods: CABYR mRNA expression in a set of normal human tissues, including the testis, were determined and compared using semi-quantitative PCR. As regards the tumor and normal mucosal samples from study patients, RNA was extracted and cDNA generated after which quantitative PCR was carried out. Analysis of CABYR protein expressions by immunohistochemistry in tumor and normal colon tissues was also performed. Results: A total of 47 paired CRC and normal tissue specimens were studied. The percent of patients with a relative expression ratio of malignant to normal (M/N) tissues over 1 was 70% for CABYR a/b and 72% for CABYR c. The percent with both a M/N ratio over 1 and expression levels over 0.1% of testis was 23.4% for CABYR-a/b and 25.5% for CABYR c. CABYR expression in tumors was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Conclusions: CABYR a/b and c hold promise as specific immunotherapy targets, however, a larger and more diverse group of tumors (Stage 1-4) needs to be assessed and evaluation of blood for anti-CABYR antibodies is needed to pursue this concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M C Shantha Kumara
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Elie Sutton
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai West Hospital, New York, NY 10019, USA
| | - Otavia L Caballero
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Ltd., New York Branch of Human Cancer Immunology at Memorial Sloan-Kettering, New York, NY, USA.,Current address: Orygen Biotecnologia S.A., São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tao Su
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Aqeel Ahmed
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sonali A C Herath
- University of Vermont Medical Center, Internal Medicine Hospitalist Service, Burlington, VT 05401, USA
| | - Vesna Cekic
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, USA
| | - Linda Njoh
- Department of Mathematics, City University of New York at Lehman College, Bronx, NY 10468, USA
| | - Daniel D Kirchoff
- Roper St. Francis Physician Partners Surgical Oncology, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY 10028, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xueqing H, Jun Z, Yueqiang J, Xin L, Liya H, Yuanyuan F, Yuting Z, Hao Z, Hua W, Jian L, Tiejun Y. IGF2BP3 May Contributes to Lung Tumorigenesis by Regulating the Alternative Splicing of PKM. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:679. [PMID: 32984260 PMCID: PMC7492387 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs) play a key role in genome regulation. Here we report the post-transcript regulation of IGF2BP3, which belongs to the insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein family. We used iRIP-seq and RNA-seq to analyze the transcript regulation and alternative splicing on IGF2BP3 treated with overexpression cells and control. Overexpressed IGF2BP3 has broadly increased genes expression which involved in G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, positive regulation of cell proliferation, and signal transduction. IGF2BP3 regulated alternative splicing of multiple genes mainly clustered at response to hypoxia, negative regulation of transcription, and embryonic development. This study first provides alternative splicing analysis on transcription level of IGF2BP3 regulation, which laid the foundation for later research on IGF2BP3 critical functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huang Xueqing
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Jun
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Yueqiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liao Xin
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hu Liya
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yuanyuan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Yuting
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zeng Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wu Hua
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Jian
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yin Tiejun
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu H, Zeng Z, Afsharpad M, Lin C, Wang S, Yang H, Liu S, Kelemen LE, Xu W, Ma W, Xiang Q, Mastriani E, Wang P, Wang J, Liu SL, Johnston RN, Köbel M. Overexpression of IGF2BP3 as a Potential Oncogene in Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1570. [PMID: 32083017 PMCID: PMC7002550 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma (OCCC) displays distinctive clinical and molecular characteristics and confers the worst prognosis among all ovarian carcinoma histotypes when diagnosed at advanced stage, because of the lack of effective therapy. IGF2BP3 is an RNA binding protein that modulates gene expression by post-transcriptional action. In this study, we investigated the roles of IGF2BP3 in the progression of OCCC. We used 328 OCCCs from the AOVT (the Alberta Ovarian Tumor Type study) and the COEUR (the Canadian Ovarian Experimental Unified Resource) cohorts to elucidate the associations between IGF2BP3 expression and clinicopathological parameters, with positive IGF2BP3 expression defined as diffuse block staining, being more frequently observed at stage III (P = 0.0056) and significantly associated with unfavorable overall survival (HR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.09-2.33) in multivariate analysis. IGF2BP3 mRNA gene expression was markedly increased in OCCC cell lines compared to normal tissues such as ovarian surface epithelium. We chose two IGF2BP3-overexpressing cell lines ES2 and OVMANA for in vitro and in vivo knockdown experiments. The proliferation and viability of both cell lines were significantly inhibited by two IGF2BP3 siRNAs and similar suppression was observed in cell migration and invasion by Wound Healing and Transwell assays. The percentage of apoptotic cancer cells was enhanced by both IGF2BP3 siRNAs. In vivo experiments showed significantly reduced sizes of tumors when treated with IGF2BP3 siRNA compared to controls. Furthermore, cancer metastasis-indicators MMP2 and MMP9 proteins were down-regulated. In conclusion, our study shows that IGF2BP3 expression is a promising biomarker for prognostication of women diagnosed with OCCC with multiple effects on key cell functions, supporting its role as an important cellular regulator with potential oncogenic activity, and as a potential target for future intervention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huidi Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Mitra Afsharpad
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Calgary Laboratory Service, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Caiji Lin
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Chest Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shuhong Liu
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Calgary Laboratory Service, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Linda E Kelemen
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Wenwen Xu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenqing Ma
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Emilio Mastriani
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Randal N Johnston
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Martin Köbel
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Calgary Laboratory Service, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghias K, Rehmani SS, Razzak SA, Madhani S, Azim MK, Ahmed R, Khan MJ. Mutational landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in a South Asian population. Genet Mol Biol 2019; 4242:526-542. [PMID: 31188922 PMCID: PMC6905448 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer
type globally and contributes significantly to burden of disease in South Asia.
In Pakistan, HNSCC is among the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and
females. The increasing regional burden of HNSCC along with a unique set of risk
factors merited a deeper investigation of the disease at the genomic level.
Whole exome sequencing of HNSCC samples and matched normal genomic DNA analysis
(n=7) was performed. Significant somatic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were
identified and pathway analysis performed to determine frequently affected
signaling pathways. We identified significant, novel recurrent mutations in
ASNS (asparagine synthetase) that may affect substrate
binding, and variants in driver genes including TP53, PIK3CA, FGFR2,
ARID2, MLL3, MYC and ALK. Using the IntOGen
platform, we identified MAP kinase, cell cycle, actin cytoskeleton regulation,
PI3K-Akt signaling and other pathways in cancer as affected in the samples. This
data is the first of its kind from the Pakistani population. The results of this
study can guide a better mechanistic understanding of HNSCC in the population,
ultimately contributing new, rational therapeutic targets for the treatment of
the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kulsoom Ghias
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq S Rehmani
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai St. Luke's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Safina A Razzak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - M Kamran Azim
- Department of Biosciences, Mohammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rashida Ahmed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz J Khan
- Surgical Specialty Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
García-Cárdenas JM, Guerrero S, López-Cortés A, Armendáriz-Castillo I, Guevara-Ramírez P, Pérez-Villa A, Yumiceba V, Zambrano AK, Leone PE, Paz-y-Miño C. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Colorectal Cancer: A Focus on RNA-Binding Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:65. [PMID: 31440515 PMCID: PMC6693420 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major health problem with an estimated 1. 8 million new cases worldwide. To date, most CRC studies have focused on DNA-related aberrations, leaving post-transcriptional processes under-studied. However, post-transcriptional alterations have been shown to play a significant part in the maintenance of cancer features. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) are uprising as critical regulators of every cancer hallmark, yet little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms and key downstream oncogenic targets. Currently, more than a thousand RBPs have been discovered in humans and only a few have been implicated in the carcinogenic process and even much less in CRC. Identification of cancer-related RBPs is of great interest to better understand CRC biology and potentially unveil new targets for cancer therapy and prognostic biomarkers. In this work, we reviewed all RBPs which have a role in CRC, including their control by microRNAs, xenograft studies and their clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - César Paz-y-Miño
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nemec PS, Kapatos A, Holmes JC, Stowe DM, Hess PR. Cancer-testis antigens in canine histiocytic sarcoma and other malignancies. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:317-328. [PMID: 30854786 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are a category of self proteins aberrantly expressed in diverse malignancies, mostly solid tumours, due to epigenetic de-repression. Normally expressed only in fetal or gametogenic tissues, CTAs are tantalizing immunotherapy targets, since autoimmunity risks appear minimal. Few prevalent CTAs have been identified in human hematologic cancers, and just two in their veterinary counterparts. We sought to discover new CTAs in canine hematologic cancers such as histiocytic sarcoma (HS) and lymphoma to foster immunotherapy development. To accomplish this, the ligandome binding the dog leukocyte antigen (DLA)-88*508:01 class I allele overexpressed in an HS line was searched by mass spectrometry to identify possible CTA-derived peptides, which could serve as CD8+ T-cell epitopes. Twenty-two peptides mapped to 5 human CTAs and 12 additional proteins with CTA characteristics. Expression of five promising candidates was then evaluated in tumour and normal tissue by quantitative and end-point RT-PCR. The ortholog of an established CTA, IGF2BP3, had unexpectedly high expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Four other testis-enhanced proteins were also assessed. AKR1E2, SPECC1 and TPX2 were expressed variably in HS and T-cell lymphoma biopsies, but also at high levels in critical tissues, including kidney, brain and marrow, diminishing their utility. A more tissue-restricted candidate, NT5C1B, was detected in T-cell lymphomas, but also at low levels in some normal dog tissues. These results illustrate the feasibility of discovering canine CTAs by a reverse approach, proceeding from identification of MHC class I-presented peptides to a comparative RNA expression survey of tumours and normal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paige S Nemec
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Alexander Kapatos
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Jennifer C Holmes
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Devorah M Stowe
- Department of Population, Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Paul R Hess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Borys AM, Seweryn M, Gołąbek T, Bełch Ł, Klimkowska A, Totoń-Żurańska J, Machlowska J, Chłosta P, Okoń K, Wołkow PP. Patterns of gene expression characterize T1 and T3 clear cell renal cell carcinoma subtypes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216793. [PMID: 31150395 PMCID: PMC6544217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal carcinoma is the 20th most common cancer worldwide. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma is the most frequent type of renal cancer. Even in patients diagnosed at an early stage, characteristics of disease progression remain heterogeneous. Up-to-date molecular classifications stratify the ccRCC samples into two clusters. We analyzed gene expression in 23 T1 or T3 ccRCC samples. Unsupervised clustering divided this group into three clusters, two of them contained pure T1 or T3 samples while one contained a mixed group. We defined a group of 36 genes that discriminate the mixed cluster. This gene set could be associated with tumor classification into a higher stage and it contained significant number of genes coding for molecular transporters, channel and transmembrane proteins. External data from TCGA used to test our findings confirmed that the expression levels of those 36 genes varied significantly between T1 and T3 tumors. In conclusion, we found a clustering pattern of gene expression, informative for heterogeneity among T1 and T3 tumors of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Borys
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Seweryn
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gołąbek
- Chair and Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bełch
- Chair and Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowska
- Chair of Pathomorphology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Julita Machlowska
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Chłosta
- Chair and Department of Urology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Okoń
- Chair of Pathomorphology, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł P Wołkow
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Medical Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu X, Zhang Y, Xu S, Chang Y, Ye Y, Guo A, Kang Y, Guo H, Xu H, Chen L, Zhao X, Guan G. Loss of Gsdf leads to a dysregulation of Igf2bp3-mediated oocyte development in medaka. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 277:122-129. [PMID: 30951723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gonadal soma-derived factor (Gsdf) is a unique TGF-β factor essential for both ovarian and testicular development in Hd-rR medaka (Oryzias latipes). However, the downstream genes regulated by Gsdf signaling remain unknown. Using a high-throughput proteomic approach, we identified a significant increase in the expression of the RNA-binding protein Igf2bp3 in gsdf-deficient ovaries. We verified this difference in transcription and protein expression against normal gonads using real-time PCR quantification and Western blotting. The genomic structure of igf2bp3 and the syntenic flanking segments are highly conserved across fish and mammals. igf2bp3 expression was correlated with oocyte development, which is consistent with the expression of the igf2bp3 ortholog Vg1-RBP/Vera in Xenopus. In contrast to the normal ovary, cysts of H3K27me3- and Igf2bp3-positive germ cells were dramatically increased in the one-month-old gsdf-deficient ovary, indicating that the gsdf depletion led to a dysregulation of Igf2bp3-mediated oocyte development. Our results provide novel insights into the Gsdf-Igf2bp3 signaling mechanisms that underlie the fundamental process of gametogenesis; these mechanisms may be well conserved across phyla.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shumei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuyang Chang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Yanjiang Road 107, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Anning Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yi Kang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Haiyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 51-380, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaomiao Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University Yanjiang Road 107, Guangdong 510120, China.
| | - Guijun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu W, Sheng Y, Guo Y, Huang Z, Huang Y, Wen D, Liu CY, Cui L, Yang Y, Du P. Increased IGF2BP3 expression promotes the aggressive phenotypes of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and vivo. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18466-18479. [PMID: 30895618 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous literatures reported insulin-like growth factor-2 messenger RNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) is a poor prognostic marker for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, basic research on the effect and biological role of IGF2BP3 in CRC was still scare. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to examine IGF2BP3 expression level in tumors and paired normal tissues from CRC patients. Tissue microarrays with 192 CRC patients were subjected to immunohistochemical staining to analyze the prognostic value of IGF2BP3. Proliferation assays, migration assays, and xenograft tumor formation in nude mice were performed to assess the biological role of IGF2BP3 in CRC cells. IGF2BP3 expression was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues compared with the matched normal tissues both in messenger RNA and protein level and was associated with worse prognosis. IGF2BP3 knockdown made cell cycle arrest to impair the proliferation ability of CRC cells and further inhibited the xenograft tumor growth in nude mice, also inhibited the migration ability of CRC cells via inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Therefore, the research demonstrated that increased IGF2BP3 expression promoted the aggressive phenotypes of CRC cells. Targeted IGF2BP3 could be a novel and effective gene therapy for CRC patients to make a better prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaru Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell, Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuegui Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiji Huang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongpeng Wen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Ying Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Cui
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yili Yang
- Center for Systems Medicine, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
You S, Guan Y, Li W. Epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in colorectal carcinoma cells is mediated by DEK/IMP3. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:1065-1070. [PMID: 29115492 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the inhibitory effects of DEK/insulin‑like growth factor II mRNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) on epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) in colorectal carcinoma cells. SW620 and SW480 cell lines were selected. DEK‑interfering lentivirus was transfected to knockdown DEK expression. Subsequently, MTT assays and flow cytometry were utilized to measure cell viability, and apoptosis, respectively. Cell invasion was detected using a Transwell assay. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of E‑cadherin, vimentin, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑9. Compared with the blank control, cells transfected with DEK‑interfering lentivirus demonstrated a remarkable reduction in cell viability (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate in the DEK‑interfering lentivirus group was significantly enhanced compared with the blank control group (P<0.05). In the DEK‑interfering lentivirus group, the expression of E‑cadherin was significantly elevated (P<0.05), while the expression of vimentin and MMP‑9 were significantly reduced in both cell lines (P<0.05). The results of the present study demonstrated that EMT of colorectal carcinoma cells was partially mediated by DEK, which likely affected the invasive ability of colorectal carcinoma cells. In addition, cell proliferation and apoptosis were susceptible to DEK silencing. The current study has provided experimental evidence for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma using DEK silencing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuping You
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jingmen No. 2 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Guan
- Imaging Center, The Affiliated Central Hospital of Jingmen No. 2 People's Hospital, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jingmen No. 2 People's Hospital, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Burdelski C, Jakani-Karimi N, Jacobsen F, Möller-Koop C, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Steurer S, Clauditz TS, Wilczak W. IMP3 overexpression occurs in various important cancer types and is linked to aggressive tumor features: A tissue microarray study on 8,877 human cancers and normal tissues. Oncol Rep 2017; 39:3-12. [PMID: 29115542 PMCID: PMC5783598 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMP3 is an RNA binding protein required for ribosomal RNA processing, which has been suggested to be a prognostic marker in a large variety of human types of cancer. However, available data on the prevalence of IMP3 expression are largely discrepant. To systematically investigate the epidemiology and clinical relevance of IMP3 expression in human cancers we employed a two-step tissue microarrays (TMAs) approach. First, a normal tissue TMA and a multi-tumor TMA were analyzed for immunohistochemically detectable expression of IMP3 in 76 different normal tissue types and 3889 cancer samples from 95 different tumor categories. In a second step, we searched for associations between IMP3 expression and tumor phenotype and patient prognosis in TMAs containing 697 urinary bladder cancers, 1711 colon cancers, 343 esophageal adenocarcinomas, 251 esophageal squamous cell cancers, 673 lung cancers), 275 pancreatic cancers and 230 stomach cancers. In normal tissues, unequivocal IMP3 expression was found in placenta, lymphocytes and some types of glandular epithelial cells. In cancers, at least one case with weak expression could be found in 76 out of 95 (80%) different tumor types and 64 entities (67%) had at least one tumor with strong positivity. IMP3 expression was most frequently found in testicular cancer (including 71% seminomas and 96% non-seminomas), neuroblastoma (88%), and squamous cell cancer of various origins. Significant associations were found between IMP3 and adverse tumor features in esophageal adenocarcinomas and cancers of the urinary bladder, lung, stomach, and pancreas. In summary, IMP3 was frequently expressed in many different tumor types, and was typically associated with aggressive tumor features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Burdelski
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg‑Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nilofar Jakani-Karimi
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Jacobsen
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Möller-Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till S Clauditz
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shi R, Yu X, Wang Y, Sun J, Sun Q, Xia W, Dong G, Wang A, Gao Z, Jiang F, Xu L. Expression profile, clinical significance, and biological function of insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA-binding proteins in non–small cell lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695928. [PMID: 28381175 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA-binding proteins have been described to associate with malignant process in many cancers. However, the role of insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA-binding protein family has not been thoroughly elucidated in non–small cell lung cancer. This study was to investigate the expression profile, clinical significance, and biological function of insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA-binding proteins family in non–small cell lung cancer. The expression levels of IGF2BP1–IGF2BP3 in tumor and adjacent normal tissues were determined, and association with clinicopathological features and overall survival was investigated by analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas lung cancer database. Proliferation, migration, invasion assays, and flow-cytometry analysis were used to investigate the biological function in vitro. Insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA-binding protein expression levels were significantly increased in non–small cell lung cancer compared to adjacent normal lung tissues. Chi-square test indicated that IGF2BP1 and IGF2BP3 expressions correlated with some meaningful clinical characteristics in non–small cell lung cancer. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that high-level expression of IGF2BP1 or IGF2BP3 predicted poor overall survival in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Multivariate regression analysis showed that high level of IGF2BP3 was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients (hazard ratio = 1.616, p = 0.017). In vitro, knockdown of IGF2BP3 inhibited lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and undermined abilities of migration and invasion, and overexpression of IGF2BP3 could promote malignant phenotypes in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Our study revealed that expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA-binding proteins was widely upregulated and correlated with some certain clinicopathological features in non–small cell lung cancer. Especially, in insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA-binding protein family, IGF2BP3 might play the most important role in tumor aggressiveness and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma, and IGF2BP3 might serve as a potential therapeutic target and a novel prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinnian Yu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- The First Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- The First Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gaochao Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
| | - Anpeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaojia Gao
- The Fourth Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schmiedel D, Tai J, Yamin R, Berhani O, Bauman Y, Mandelboim O. The RNA binding protein IMP3 facilitates tumor immune escape by downregulating the stress-induced ligands ULPB2 and MICB. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26982091 PMCID: PMC4805531 DOI: 10.7554/elife.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the stress-induced ligands MICA, MICB and ULBP 1–6 are up-regulated as a cellular response to DNA damage, excessive proliferation or viral infection; thereby, they enable recognition and annihilation by immune cells that express the powerful activating receptor NKG2D. This receptor is present not exclusively, but primarily on NK cells. Knowledge about the regulatory mechanisms controlling ULBP expression is still vague. In this study, we report a direct interaction of the oncogenic RNA binding protein (RBP) IMP3 with ULBP2 mRNA, leading to ULBP2 transcript destabilization and reduced ULBP2 surface expression in several human cell lines. We also discovered that IMP3 indirectly targets MICB with a mechanism functionally distinct from that of ULBP2. Importantly, IMP3-mediated regulation of stress-ligands leads to impaired NK cell recognition of transformed cells. Our findings shed new light on the regulation of NKG2D ligands and on the mechanism of action of a powerful oncogenic RBP, IMP3. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13426.001 Tumor cells differ from healthy cells in many aspects. Importantly, tumor cells have the ability to divide and grow much faster than normal cells. To protect ourselves from full-grown cancers, our bodies have developed a surveillance system: when a tumor cell starts to divide without restraint, “stress-induced” proteins start to appear on its surface. These proteins help the immune system recognize abnormal or damaged cells, allowing the immune cells to eliminate the defective cells. Despite this system of protection, a tumor cell sometimes manages to avoid having stress-induced proteins placed on its surface, allowing it to remain undetected by the immune system. By studying several different types of human cancer cells, Schmiedel et al. found that a protein called IMP3 is present in cancer cells but not in healthy cells. Further investigation revealed that IMP3 prevents the production of some stress-induced proteins and stops them moving to the cell surface. Schmiedel et al. also show that the presence of the IMP3 protein in cancer cells causes nearby immune cells to become much less active. This suggests that developing drugs that block the activity of IMP3 could help the immune system to fight back and destroy cancer cells. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13426.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schmiedel
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Julie Tai
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachel Yamin
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orit Berhani
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoav Bauman
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The BioMedical Research Institute Israel Canada of the Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|