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Malgundkar SH, Tamimi Y. The pivotal role of long non-coding RNAs as potential biomarkers and modulators of chemoresistance in ovarian cancer (OC). Hum Genet 2024; 143:107-124. [PMID: 38276976 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a fatal gynecological disease that is often diagnosed at later stages due to its asymptomatic nature and the absence of efficient early-stage biomarkers. Previous studies have identified genes with abnormal expression in OC that couldn't be explained by methylation or mutation, indicating alternative mechanisms of gene regulation. Recent advances in human transcriptome studies have led to research on non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as regulators of cancer gene expression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of ncRNAs with a length greater than 200 nucleotides, have been identified as crucial regulators of physiological processes and human diseases, including cancer. Dysregulated lncRNA expression has also been found to play a crucial role in ovarian carcinogenesis, indicating their potential as novel and non-invasive biomarkers for improving OC management. However, despite the discovery of several thousand lncRNAs, only one has been approved for clinical use as a biomarker in cancer, highlighting the importance of further research in this field. In addition to their potential as biomarkers, lncRNAs have been implicated in modulating chemoresistance, a major problem in OC. Several studies have identified altered lncRNA expression upon drug treatment, further emphasizing their potential to modulate chemoresistance. In this review, we highlight the characteristics of lncRNAs, their function, and their potential to serve as tumor markers in OC. We also discuss a few databases providing detailed information on lncRNAs in various cancer types. Despite the promising potential of lncRNAs, further research is necessary to fully understand their role in cancer and develop effective strategies to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shika Hanif Malgundkar
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PC 123, PO Box 35, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Yahya Tamimi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PC 123, PO Box 35, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
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2
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Sun Y, Zhao T, Ma Y, Wu X, Chu S, Yang Z. Multiple roles of LncRNA-BMNCR on cell proliferation and apoptosis by targeting miR-145/CBFB axis in BMECs. Vet Q 2023; 43:1-11. [PMID: 37807922 PMCID: PMC10566406 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2262525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most serious and costly disease affecting dairy cattle production. The present study explored the inflammatory response and autoprotective mechanism of a novel specific high expression BMNCR (bovine mastitis related long non-coding RNA) in S. aureus induced mastitis by miR-145/CBFB axis in dairy cows from the perspective of molecular genetics. In bovine mammary epithelial cells, we preformed loss of function experiments to detect changes in cytokine, proliferation and apoptosis by qRT-PCR, western blot, flow cytometry and EdU staining. The results demonstrated that BMNCR significantly increased cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation. However, the secretion of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-12 were enhanced after knock-down BMNCR. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that BMNCR could target 8 miRNAs, in-depth analyses indicated that BMNCR acts as a molecular sponge for bta-miR-145 and CBFB was one of 23 target gene of bta-miR-145 . The results of the present study demonstrated that the role of BMNCR in S. aureus induced mastitis can be mediated by sponge bta-miR-145 activating CBFB expression. BMNCR could be a potential target for mastitis diagnosis and therapy, which may enrich the theoretical research of therapeutic intervention, and further increase milk yield and improve milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Sun
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tianqi Zhao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao Ma
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuangfeng Chu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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3
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Vosough P, Khatami SH, Hashemloo A, Tajbakhsh A, Karimi-Fard F, Taghvimi S, Taheri-Anganeh M, Soltani Fard E, Savardashtaki A, Movahedpour A. Exosomal lncRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 540:117216. [PMID: 36592922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.117216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, these cancers are diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages due to lack of reliable biomarkers that are sufficiently specific and sensitive in early disease. There has been growing evidence that circulating exosomes can be used to diagnose cancer non-invasively with limited risks and side effects. Furthermore, exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a new class of promising biomarkers in cancer. This review provides an overview of the extraction and detection of exosomal lncRNAs with a focus on their potential role in GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Vosough
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sina Taghvimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elahe Soltani Fard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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4
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Zhu D, Ouyang X, Zhang Y, Yu X, Su K, Li L. A promising new cancer marker: Long noncoding RNA EGFR-AS1. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1130472. [PMID: 36910672 PMCID: PMC9999470 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1130472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer consists of a group of diseases with the salient properties of an uncontrolled cell cycle, metastasis, and evasion of the immune response, mainly driven by the genomic instability of somatic cells and the physicochemical environment. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as noncoding RNAs with a length of more than 200 nucleotides. LncRNA dysregulation participates in diverse disease types and is tightly associated with patient clinical features, such as age, disease stage, and prognosis. In addition, an increasing number of lncRNAs have been confirmed to regulate a series of biological and pathological processes through numerous mechanisms. The lncRNA epidermal growth factor receptor antisense RNA 1 (EGFR-AS1) was recently discovered to be aberrantly expressed in many types of diseases, particularly in cancers. A high level of EGFR-AS1 was demonstrated to correlate with multiple patient clinical characteristics. More importantly, EGFR-AS1 was found to be involved in the mediation of various cellular activities, including cell proliferation, invasion, migration, chemosensitivity, and stemness. Therefore, EGFR-AS1 is a promising marker for cancer management. In this review, we introduce the expression profile, molecular mechanisms, biological functions, and clinical value of EGFR-AS1 in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kunkai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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De Palma FDE, Carbonnier V, Salvatore F, Kroemer G, Pol JG, Maiuri MC. Systematic Investigation of the Diagnostic and Prognostic Impact of LINC01087 in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235980. [PMID: 36497462 PMCID: PMC9738797 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Long non-coding RNAs may constitute epigenetic biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response of a variety of tumors. In this context, we aimed at assessing the diagnostic and prognostic value of the recently described long intergenic non-coding RNA 01087 (LINC01087) in human cancers. (2) Methods: We studied the expression of LINC01087 across 30 oncological indications by interrogating public resources. Data extracted from the TCGA and GTEx databases were exploited to plot receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and determine the diagnostic performance of LINC01087. Survival data from TCGA and KM-Plotter directories allowed us to graph Kaplan-Meier curves and evaluate the prognostic value of LINC01087. To investigate the function of LINC01087, gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed. Furthermore, interactions between LINC01087 and both miRNA and mRNA were studied by means of bioinformatics tools. (3) Results: LINC01087 was significantly deregulated in 7 out of 30 cancers, showing a predominant upregulation. Notably, it was overexpressed in breast (BC), esophageal (ESCA), and ovarian (OV) cancers, as well as lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD), and uterine carcinosarcoma (UCS). By contrast, LINC01087 displayed downregulation in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). ROC curve analyses identified LINC01087 as a potential diagnostic indicator in BC, ESCA, OV, STAD, and TGCT. Moreover, high and low expression of LINC01087 predicted a favorable prognosis in BC and papillary cell carcinoma, respectively. In silico analyses indicated that deregulation of LINC01087 in cancer was associated with a modulation of genes related to ion channel, transporter, and peptide receptor activity. (4) Conclusions: the quantification of an altered abundance of LINC01087 in tissue specimens might be clinically useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of some hormone-related tumors, including BC, OV, and TGCT, as well as other cancer types such as ESCA and STAD. Moreover, our study revealed the potential of LINC01087 (and perhaps other lncRNAs) to regulate neuroactive molecules in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Domenica Elisa De Palma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Vincent Carbonnier
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Francesco Salvatore
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Franco Salvatore, 80145 Napoli, Italy
- Centro Interuniversitario per Malattie Multigeniche e Multifattoriali e Loro Modelli Animali (Federico II, 80131, Napoli, Tor Vergata, Rome and “G. D’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara), 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Department of Biology, Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Jonathan G. Pol
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: (J.G.P.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Équipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: (J.G.P.); (M.C.M.)
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Preethi KA, Selvakumar SC, Ross K, Jayaraman S, Tusubira D, Sekar D. Liquid biopsy: Exosomal microRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:54. [PMID: 35172817 PMCID: PMC8848669 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01525-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting cancer at an early stage before clinical manifestation could be an effective strategy to decrease cancer mortality. Thus, identifying liquid biopsy biomarkers with high efficacy could be a promising approach for non-invasive diagnosis of cancer. MAIN TEXT Liquid biopsies are increasingly used as a supplement to biopsy, as it enables disease progression to be detected months before clinical and radiographic confirmation. Many bodily fluids contain exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) which could provide a new class of biomarkers for early and minimally invasive cancer diagnosis due to the stability of miRNAs in exosomes. In this review, we mainly focused on the exosomal miRNAs (liquid biopsy) as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of various cancers. CONCLUSION Exosomal miRNAs can be used as diagnostic and prognosis biomarkers that provide unique insights and a more dynamic perspective of the progression and therapeutic responses in various malignancies. Therefore, the development of novel and more sensitive technologies that exploit exosomal miRNAs should be a priority for cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Auxzilia Preethi
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Sushmaa Chandralekha Selvakumar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India
| | - Kehinde Ross
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Deusdedit Tusubira
- Biochemistry Department, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Durairaj Sekar
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Research, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600077, India.
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Long D, Tian XD, Yang YM. Emerging Role of Exosomal-Derived Long Noncoding RNAs in Human PDAC. Visc Med 2022; 38:30-36. [PMID: 35295891 PMCID: PMC8874243 DOI: 10.1159/000520947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence and mortality of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are increasing recently. Most patients with PDAC are diagnosed at advanced stage because of the high invasiveness of cancer cells and the lack of typical early symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis of PDAC is very important to improve the prognosis. Exosomes play crucial role in intercellular communication and deliver the contents to recipient cells to regulate their biological behaviors. Recent evidence suggests emerging role of exosomes in the carcinogenesis of a variety of cancers including PDAC. Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the development of PDAC. It has been proved that LncRNAs have the potential to be biomarkers and therapeutic targets for PDAC. Moreover, increasing number of studies focus on the role of exosomal LncRNAs in PDAC. Summary In this review, we summarize the current status on our understanding of the role of exosomal-derived LncRNAs in the progression and metastasis of PDAC. Key Messages We focus on challenges in the potential of exosomal-derived LncRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic markers and therapeutic targets of PDAC. In addition, we provide an overview about the demonstrated important role of exosomal LncRNAs in the progression of PDAC.
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Khawar MB, Hamid SE, Jan T, Abbasi MH, Idnan M, Sheikh N. Diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential of long noncoding RNAs in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2311-2319. [PMID: 35072835 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07180-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are longer than 200 nucleotides in length and undergo splicing, capping, polyadenylation, and editing just like mRNA. Evidence is growing that they regulate transcription, splicing, RNA degradation, and translation of genes and that their expression has been linked to a variety of illnesses, including cancer. The advancement of next-generation and high-throughput sequencing has changed the way lncRNAs are identified and characterized, revealing a relationship between lncRNAs and several tumor types. Since then, they have gained a significant attraction as a promising candidate in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Furthermore, they are a good candidate for consideration as tumor biomarkers due to their high stability, better tissue/cell selectivity, aberrant expression in certain malignancies, and easy and noninvasive detection. In addition, lncRNAs are being examined as therapeutic targets in clinical trials for a variety of malignancies. This review highlights the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers or therapeutic targets in light of the current progress, clinical investigations, and patents filed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Eisha Hamid
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyba Jan
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Idnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Liu Y, Wang D, Ji Q, Yan J. LncRNA MATN1-AS1 for Prediction of Prognosis in Osteosarcoma Patients and Its Cellular Function. Mol Biotechnol 2021; 64:66-74. [PMID: 34542816 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-021-00394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs show essential roles in various cancer processes. This study aimed at the expression features, prognosis significance, and biological effect of lnc MATN1-AS1 in osteosarcoma (OS). Five kinds of cell lines and 117 pairs of tissues were analyzed by qRT-PCR for quantification of lnc MATN1-AS1 and miR-1299 level. Clinical data were analyzed using Chi-Square Tests to show the association with lnc MATN1-AS1 level. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were used to judge the prognostic value. Cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assay were conducted, respectively, to analyze the effect of lnc MATN1-AS1 on cell proliferation and metastasis. The target miRNA was predicted. lnc MATN1-AS1 level was significantly elevated in OS cells and tissues and related to Enneking staging, lung metastasis, and histologic type. Patients with high lnc MATN1-AS1 level showed a shorter overall survival and recurrence-free survival. Lnc MATN1-AS1 knockdown inhibited OS cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by sponging miR-1299. Lnc MATN1-AS1 has oncogenic features and prognostic significance in OS and is a novel therapeutic strategy for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Liu
- Department of Sixth Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantai city Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangjiakou First Hospital, Zhangjiakou, 075000, China
| | - Qinghui Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154000, China
| | - Jinglong Yan
- Department of Sixth Orthopedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China.
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Mortoglou M, Tabin ZK, Arisan ED, Kocher HM, Uysal-Onganer P. Non-coding RNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: New approaches for better diagnosis and therapy. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101090. [PMID: 33831655 PMCID: PMC8042452 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate less than 8%, which has remained unchanged over the last 50 years. Early detection is particularly difficult due to the lack of disease-specific symptoms and a reliable biomarker. Multimodality treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy (used sparingly) and surgery has become the standard of care for patients with PDAC. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) is the most common diagnostic biomarker; however, it is not specific enough especially for asymptomatic patients. Non-coding RNAs are often deregulated in human malignancies and shown to be involved in cancer-related mechanisms such as cell growth, differentiation, and cell death. Several micro, long non-coding and circular RNAs have been reported to date which are involved in PDAC. Aim of this review is to discuss the roles and functions of non-coding RNAs in diagnosis and treatments of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mortoglou
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - Zoey Kathleen Tabin
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
| | - E Damla Arisan
- Institution of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Turkey.
| | - Hemant M Kocher
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute-a CRUK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK.
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Melendez-Zajgla J, Maldonado V. The Role of lncRNAs in the Stem Phenotype of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6374. [PMID: 34203589 PMCID: PMC8232220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the deadliest tumors. This neoplasia is characterized by an important cellular and phenotypic heterogeneity. In particular, it has been shown that at least two subtypes can be found: basal-like, which presents stem-like properties, and classical. Cancer stem cells have been isolated and characterized from these tumors, showing their dependance on general and tissue-specific stem transcription factors and signaling pathways. Nevertheless, little is known about their tissue microenvironment and cell non-autonomous regulators, such as long-non-coding RNAs. (lncRNAs). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the positive and negative effects of lncRNAs in the stemness phenotype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cancer (PDAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Melendez-Zajgla
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Vilma Maldonado
- Epigenomics Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Periferico Sur 4809, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14610, Mexico
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Romano R, Picca A, Eusebi LHU, Marzetti E, Calvani R, Moro L, Bucci C, Guerra F. Extracellular Vesicles and Pancreatic Cancer: Insights on the Roles of miRNA, lncRNA, and Protein Cargos in Cancer Progression. Cells 2021; 10:1361. [PMID: 34205944 PMCID: PMC8226820 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is among the most devastating digestive tract cancers worldwide. This cancer is characterized by poor diagnostic detection, lack of therapy, and difficulty in predicting tumorigenesis progression. Although mutations of key oncogenes and oncosuppressor involved in tumor growth and in immunosurveillance escape are known, the underlying mechanisms that orchestrate PC initiation and progression are poorly understood or still under debate. In recent years, the attention of many researchers has been concentrated on the role of extracellular vesicles and of a particular subset of extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes. Literature data report that these nanovesicles are able to deliver their cargos to recipient cells playing key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of many pancreatic precancerous conditions. In this review, we have summarized and discussed principal cargos of extracellular vesicles characterized in PC, such as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and several proteins, to offer a systematic overview of their function in PC progression. The study of extracellular vesicles is allowing to understand that investigation of their secretion and analysis of their content might represent a new and potential diagnostic and prognostic tools for PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonardo Henry Umberto Eusebi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Sant’Orsola University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (E.M.); (R.C.)
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute and Stockholm University, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Loredana Moro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; or
- Perlmutter NYU Cancer Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
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13
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Zhang S, Zhang C, Du J, Zhang R, Yang S, Li B, Wang P, Deng W. Prediction of Lymph-Node Metastasis in Cancers Using Differentially Expressed mRNA and Non-coding RNA Signatures. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:605977. [PMID: 33644044 PMCID: PMC7905047 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.605977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of lymph-node metastasis in cancers is pivotal for the next targeted clinical interventions that allow favorable prognosis for patients. Different molecular profiles (mRNA and non-coding RNAs) have been widely used to establish classifiers for cancer prediction (e.g., tumor origin, cancerous or non-cancerous state, cancer subtype). However, few studies focus on lymphatic metastasis evaluation using these profiles, and the performance of classifiers based on different profiles has also not been compared. Here, differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs between lymph-node metastatic and non-metastatic groups were identified as molecular signatures to construct classifiers for lymphatic metastasis prediction in different cancers. With this similar feature selection strategy, support vector machine (SVM) classifiers based on different profiles were systematically compared in their prediction performance. For representative cancers (a total of nine types), these classifiers achieved comparative overall accuracies of 81.00% (67.96-92.19%), 81.97% (70.83-95.24%), and 80.78% (69.61-90.00%) on independent mRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA datasets, with a small set of biomarkers (6, 12, and 4 on average). Therefore, our proposed feature selection strategies are economical and efficient to identify biomarkers that aid in developing competitive classifiers for predicting lymph-node metastasis in cancers. A user-friendly webserver was also deployed to help researchers in metastasis risk determination by submitting their expression profiles of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinke Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shixiong Yang
- Central Laboratory, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan, China
| | - Bo Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pingping Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Wensheng Deng
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Exosomal long non-coding RNAs in the diagnosis and oncogenesis of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2020; 501:55-65. [PMID: 33359452 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes, play a significant role as an extracellular messenger through their transporting cargo. Of particular interest are the potential roles they play in pancreatic cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma displays high chemo-resistance and metastatic ability, which may be influenced by cancer-derived exosomes carrying proteins, lipids and RNA. To date, among the most extensively examined exosomal molecular cargo there are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that, despite the increasing interest in their role and functions, are relatively poorly understood compared to other RNA transcripts. Nevertheless, we have witnessed an increasing interest for lncRNAs roles and functions in the past decade. For example, lncRNAs have been investigated as potential biomarkers for diagnosing pancreatic cancer and may have a role as therapeutics targets for precision medicine, but may also directly intervene in tumour progression features such as metastasis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and resistance of cancer cells towards chemotherapy agents. The function of lncRNAs within various cancer exosomes is still undefined. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on pancreatic cancer-derived exosome specific lncRNAs having prominent roles in genome integrity, pancreatic cancer progression and in other oncogenic hallmarks.
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15
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Su R, Zhang J, Liu X, Wei L. Identification of expression signatures for non-small-cell lung carcinoma subtype classification. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:339-346. [PMID: 31297509 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) mainly consists of two subtypes: lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). It has been reported that the genetic and epigenetic profiles vary strikingly between LUAD and LUSC in the process of tumorigenesis and development. Efficient and precise treatment can be made if subtypes can be identified correctly. Identification of discriminative expression signatures has been explored recently to aid the classification of NSCLC subtypes. RESULTS In this study, we designed a classification model integrating both mRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression data to effectively classify the subtypes of NSCLC. A gene selection algorithm, named WGRFE, was proposed to identify the most discriminative gene signatures within the recursive feature elimination (RFE) framework. GeneRank scores considering both expression level and correlation, together with the importance generated by classifiers were all taken into account to improve the selection performance. Moreover, a module-based initial filtering of the genes was performed to reduce the computation cost of RFE. We validated the proposed algorithm on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The results demonstrate that the developed approach identified a small number of expression signatures for accurate subtype classification and particularly, we here for the first time show the potential role of LncRNA in building computational NSCLC subtype classification models. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The R implementation for the proposed approach is available at https://github.com/RanSuLab/NSCLC-subtype-classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Su
- School of Computer Software, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University
| | - Jiahang Zhang
- School of Computer Software, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy
| | - Leyi Wei
- School of Computer Science and Technology, College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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Leite ML, Oliveira KBS, Cunha VA, Dias SC, da Cunha NB, Costa FF. Epigenetic Therapies in the Precision Medicine Era. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Lopes Leite
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program UCB ‐ Brasilia, SgAN 916, Modulo B, Bloco C, 70790‐160 Brasília DF Brazil
| | | | - Victor Albuquerque Cunha
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program UCB ‐ Brasilia, SgAN 916, Modulo B, Bloco C, 70790‐160 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Simoni Campos Dias
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program UCB ‐ Brasilia, SgAN 916, Modulo B, Bloco C, 70790‐160 Brasília DF Brazil
- Animal Biology DepartmentUniversidade de Brasília UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro. Brasilia DF 70910‐900 Brazil
| | - Nicolau Brito da Cunha
- Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program UCB ‐ Brasilia, SgAN 916, Modulo B, Bloco C, 70790‐160 Brasília DF Brazil
| | - Fabricio F. Costa
- Cancer Biology and Epigenomics ProgramAnn & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago Research Center, Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine 2430 N. Halsted St., Box 220 Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Northwestern University's Feinberg School of Medicine 2430 N. Halsted St., Box 220 Chicago IL 60611 USA
- MATTER Chicago 222 W. Merchandise Mart Plaza, Suite 12th Floor Chicago IL 60654 USA
- Genomic Enterprise (www.genomicenterprise.com) San Diego, CA 92008 and New York NY 11581 USA
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17
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Zhang X, Yang H. Research Progress on Long Non-coding RNAs and Drug Resistance of Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2020; 20:275-282. [PMID: 32414649 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer, as the foremost cause of women's death in the world, is highly metastatic and mutable. Resistance to drugs for chemotherapies, endocrine therapies, and targeted therapies is an important factor that impacts the prognosis of breast cancer. Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (LncRNAs) are crucial regulators of intracellular gene expressions. Some researchers have suggested that expression level of several types of LncRNAs were closely related to the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. LncRNAs significantly impact biological processes such as drug transport, detoxication, apoptosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), and autophagy by regulating intracellular signaling pathways such as multi-drug resistance gene 1 (MDR1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), BRCA1/2, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). This paper will summarize research progress on correlations between LncRNA and drug resistance of breast cancer. It will particularly expound molecular mechanisms through which LncRNAs regulate drug resistance of breast cancer. It will further discuss the feasibility as molecular markers for forecasting drug resistance of breast cancer and may be becoming new targets for treating breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hongjian Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulators of cellular machinery that are commonly dysregulated in genitourinary malignancies. Accordingly, the investigation of lncRNAs is improving our understanding of genitourinary cancers, from development to progression and dissemination. lncRNAs are involved in major oncogenic events in genitourinary malignancies, including androgen receptor (AR) signalling in prostate cancer, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway activation in renal cell carcinoma and invasiveness in bladder cancer, as well as multiple other proliferation and survival mechanisms. In line with their putative oncogenic roles, new lncRNA-based classifications are emerging as potent predictors of prognosis. In clinical practice, detection of oncogenic lncRNAs in serum or urine might enable early cancer detection, and lncRNAs might also be promising therapeutic targets for patients with genitourinary cancer. Furthermore, as predictors of sensitivity to anticancer treatments, lncRNAs could be integrated into future precision medicine strategies. Overall, lncRNAs are promising new candidates for molecular studies and for discovery of innovative biomarkers and are putative therapeutic targets in genitourinary oncology.
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Smolander J, Stupnikov A, Glazko G, Dehmer M, Emmert-Streib F. Comparing biological information contained in mRNA and non-coding RNAs for classification of lung cancer patients. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1176. [PMID: 31796020 PMCID: PMC6892207 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering the meaning of the human DNA is an outstanding goal which would revolutionize medicine and our way for treating diseases. In recent years, non-coding RNAs have attracted much attention and shown to be functional in part. Yet the importance of these RNAs especially for higher biological functions remains under investigation. METHODS In this paper, we analyze RNA-seq data, including non-coding and protein coding RNAs, from lung adenocarcinoma patients, a histologic subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer, with deep learning neural networks and other state-of-the-art classification methods. The purpose of our paper is three-fold. First, we compare the classification performance of different versions of deep belief networks with SVMs, decision trees and random forests. Second, we compare the classification capabilities of protein coding and non-coding RNAs. Third, we study the influence of feature selection on the classification performance. RESULTS As a result, we find that deep belief networks perform at least competitively to other state-of-the-art classifiers. Second, data from non-coding RNAs perform better than coding RNAs across a number of different classification methods. This demonstrates the equivalence of predictive information as captured by non-coding RNAs compared to protein coding RNAs, conventionally used in computational diagnostics tasks. Third, we find that feature selection has in general a negative effect on the classification performance which means that unfiltered data with all features give the best classification results. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to use ncRNAs beyond miRNAs for the computational classification of cancer and for performing a direct comparison of the classification capabilities of protein coding RNAs and non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Smolander
- Predictive Society and Data Analytics Lab, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alexey Stupnikov
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Galina Glazko
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Matthias Dehmer
- Institute for Intelligent Production, Faculty for Management, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Steyr, Austria
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Computer Science, UMIT, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, China, Tianjin, China
| | - Frank Emmert-Streib
- Predictive Society and Data Analytics Lab, Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, Tampere, Finland
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20
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Tang H, Han X, Li M, Li T, Hao Y. Linc00221 modulates cisplatin resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer via sponging miR-519a. Biochimie 2019; 162:134-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Botti G, Giordano A, Feroce F, De Chiara AR, Cantile M. Noncoding RNAs as circulating biomarkers in osteosarcoma patients. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19249-19255. [PMID: 31032924 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) identify a large family of RNAs that do not encode proteins and represent an important group of tumor biomarkers, directly involved in the process of tumor pathogenesis and progression. Many of them have also been identified in biological fluids of patients with cancer, especially blood, suggesting their role as an emerging class of circulating biomarkers. Many ncRNAs, both miRNAs and lncRNAs, are deregulated in sarcoma tissues, with the most consistent data in osteosarcomas. In patients with osteosarcoma, the role of ncRNAs as circulating biomarkers is taking enormous value, above all for their ability to vary expression levels during disease progression and in response to therapy. In this mini-review, we summarize the main studies supporting the role of circulating ncRNAs in monitoring disease status in patients with osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Botti
- Scientific Direction, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Irccs-Fondazione G.Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medicine Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Florinda Feroce
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Irccs-Fondazione G.Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Monica Cantile
- Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-Irccs-Fondazione G.Pascale, Naples, Italy
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22
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Long Non-Coding RNAs as New Master Regulators of Resistance to Systemic Treatments in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092711. [PMID: 30208633 PMCID: PMC6164317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting response to systemic treatments in breast cancer (BC) patients is an urgent, yet still unattained health aim. Easily detectable molecules such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the ideal biomarkers when they act as master regulators of many resistance mechanisms, or of mechanisms that are common to more than one treatment. These kinds of markers are pivotal in quasi-personalized treatment selection, and consequently, in improvement of outcome prediction. In order to provide a better approach to understanding development of disease and resistance to treatments, we reviewed current literature searching for lncRNA-associated systemic BC treatments including endocrine therapies, aromatase inhibitors, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), trastuzumab, paclitaxel, docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), anthracyclines, and cisplatin. We found that the engagement of lncRNAs in resistance is well described, and that lncRNAs such as urotelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) and regulator of reprogramming (ROR) are indeed involved in multiple resistance mechanisms, which offers tantalizing perspectives for wide usage of lncRNAs as treatment resistance biomarkers. Thus, we propose this work as the foundation for a wide landscape of functions and mechanisms that link more lncRNAs to resistance to current and new treatments in years of research to come.
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23
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Zhang X, Shi S, Zhang B, Ni Q, Yu X, Xu J. Circulating biomarkers for early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer: facts and hopes. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:332-353. [PMID: 29636993 PMCID: PMC5883088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by extremely high mortality and poor prognosis, which are largely ascribed to difficulties in early diagnosis and limited therapeutics. Although there is a sufficient window for intervention before preneoplastic lesions progress to invasive disease, effective early detection of PC remains difficult using current biomarkers and imaging techniques. Biomarkers with satisfactory diagnostic efficacy and convenient analysis methods are urgently required. In this review, we summarized recent advances in the identification of biomarkers in circulation for early detection of PC. A number of novel circulating biomarkers, such as metabolites, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), noncoding RNA, and exosomes, that show promising diagnostic value have been discovered using advances in sequencing techniques and "omics" analyses. Panels comprising several biomarkers may also exhibit better diagnostic performance. In the future, we need more efficient circulating biomarkers for the identification of noninvasive precursor lesions and early disease. Collaborative large-scale studies are also required to show the clinical validity and applicability of potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghai, China
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24
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Xiang X, Huang J, Mo W, Jiang L, Sun W, Li P. Long non-coding RNA cartilage injury-related promotes malignancy in bladder cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:3049-3055. [PMID: 29435036 PMCID: PMC5778791 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have highlighted the important roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in a number of biological processes, including oncogenesis. However, the function of lncRNA cartilage injury-related (lncRNA-CIR) in bladder cancer progression remains elusive. A novel function for lncRNA-CIR in bladder cancer was identified in the present study. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, viability, invasion assay and in vivo implantation were used to evaluate the role of lncRNA-CIR. It was identified that the expression of lncRNA-CIR was frequently upregulated in 52 cancerous tissues and selected bladder cancer cell lines. Additionally, upregulating lncRNA-CIR was demonstrated to promote viability and invasion in T24 and SW780 cells, whereas siRNA-mediated lncRNA-CIR-knockdown consistently exhibited the opposite effects. High lncRNA-CIR levels also dictated poor overall survival among patients with bladder cancer. Furthermore, in vivo implantation experiments also supported a tumorigenic function for lncRNA-CIR, as decreasing lncRNA-CIR levels markedly attenuated Ki-67 staining and xenograft tumor growth. Overall, the present study identified a novel function of lncRNA-CIR and indicates that lncRNA-CIR may serve as a potential biomarker for bladder cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebao Xiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Jiefu Huang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Wenfa Mo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Leiming Jiang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Department of Urology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
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25
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Wang Y, Zhou J, Xu YJ, Hu HB. Long non-coding RNA LINC00968 acts as oncogene in NSCLC by activating the Wnt signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3397-3406. [PMID: 28926089 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have played critical roles in a variety of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (N SCLC). In our study, we focused on the biological function and clinical significance of lncRNA LINC00968 in NSCLC. It was indicated that LINC00968 was significantly increased in LUAD tissues, LUSC tissues and NSCLC cells compared to their corresponding controls. Inhibition of LINC00968 was able to repress NSCLC growth, migration, and invasion in vitro while upregulation of LINC00968 reversed this process. Additionally, downregulation of LINC00968 induced apoptosis capacity of A549 cell. Apoptosis-related proteins BCL-2 were decreased and BAX was increased by knockdown of LINC00968, respectively. Meanwhile we observed that Wnt signaling pathway was involved in the LINC00968-induced NSCLC progression. Finally, in vivo tumor xenografts were established using A549 cells to detect the function of LINC00968 in NSCLC tumorigenesis. Silencing LINC00968 greatly inhibited NSCLC tumor progression, which was consistent with the in vitro tests. In conclusion, we have uncovered that LINC00968 could be regarded as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in NSCLC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yíng Wang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, The First People's Hospital of Tianmen, Tianmen, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Jun Xu
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Huaiyin District, Huai'an, China
| | - Hai-Bo Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
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Molecular Signatures for Tumor Classification: An Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas Data. J Mol Diagn 2017; 19:881-891. [PMID: 28867603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer classification in the clinic is primarily based on histological analysis in the proper clinical context, often supplemented by immunohistochemical and molecular studies. Recent genomic studies have shown the potential of integrated multiomics platforms for molecular classification. We performed unsupervised analyses of molecular platforms in The Cancer Genome Atlas data (n = 6,216 samples) in comparison with tumor type. Our data showed that mRNA signatures and DNA methylation signatures mapped to histological diagnosis with high accuracy (95% and 88%, respectively) as individual platforms. The accuracy of mRNA signatures alone for classification and subtype identification was comparable to accuracies reported in the previously published Pan-Cancer 12 analysis. When combined, mRNA and methylation revealed a set of outliers for which the mRNA- and methylation-based molecular signatures concordantly differed from the original histological diagnosis. A subset remained consistent as outliers after using alternative classification and clustering algorithms and analysis of an independent molecular platform (miRNA). Overall, our results indicate that unsupervised approaches with individual genomic platforms, especially gene expression and DNA methylation, provide substantial classification information and identify occasional outlier cases in which the molecular signature is distinct from signatures expected for a given histological diagnosis. Identification of cases in which the molecular signature correlates with a specific histology that differs from initial impressions may prompt reconsideration of tumor classification in specific cases.
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Expression of long non-coding RNA MFI2-AS1 is a strong predictor of recurrence in sporadic localized clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8540. [PMID: 28819235 PMCID: PMC5561098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of recurrence is a challenge for the development of adjuvant treatments in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). In these tumors, expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deregulated and closely associated with prognosis. Thus, we aimed to predict ccRCC recurrence risk using lncRNA expression. We identified prognostic lncRNAs in a training set of 351 localized ccRCCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas and validated lncRNA-based recurrence classification in an independent cohort of 167 localized ccRCCs. We identified lncRNA MFI2-AS1 as best candidate in the training set. In the validation cohort, MFI2-AS1 expression was independently associated with shorter disease-free survival (Hazard Ratio (HR) for relapse 3.5, p = 0.0001). Combined with Leibovich classification, MFI2-AS1 status improved prediction of recurrence (C-index 0.70) compared to MFI2-AS1 alone (0.67) and Leibovich classification alone (0.66). In patients with aggressive tumors (Leibovich ≥5), MFI2-AS1 expression was associated with dramatically increased risk of relapse (HR 12.16, p < 0.0001) compared to patients with undetectable MFI2-AS1 who had favorable outcomes. Compared to normal samples, MFI2-AS1 was upregulated in tumor tissue, and higher expression was associated with metastatic dissemination. Overall, MFI2-AS1 status improves patient stratification in localized ccRCC, which supports further integration of lncRNAs in molecular cancer classifications.
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Sedlarikova L, Gromesova B, Kubaczkova V, Radova L, Filipova J, Jarkovsky J, Brozova L, Velichova R, Almasi M, Penka M, Bezdekova R, Stork M, Adam Z, Pour L, Krejci M, Kuglík P, Hajek R, Sevcikova S. Deregulated expression of long non-coding RNA UCA1 in multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol 2017; 99:223-233. [PMID: 28543758 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins. They are involved in pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer and have a potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers. We aimed to investigate lncRNA expression profiles in bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients in comparison to normal BMPCs of healthy donors (HD) in a three-phase biomarker study. METHODS Expression profile of 83 lncRNA was performed by RT2 lncRNA PCR Array (Qiagen), followed by quantitative real-time PCR using specific TaqMan non-coding RNA assays analyzing 84 newly diagnosed MM patients and 25 HD. RESULTS Our analysis revealed dysregulation of two lncRNAs; NEAT1 (sensitivity of 55.0% and specificity of 79.0%) and UCA1 (sensitivity of 85.0% and specificity of 94.7%). UCA1 levels correlated with albumin and monoclonal immunoglobulin serum levels, cytogenetic aberrations, and survival of MM patients. CONCLUSION Our study suggests a possible prognostic impact of UCA1 expression levels on MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Sedlarikova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Gromesova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kubaczkova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Radova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Filipova
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Jarkovsky
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Brozova
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Velichova
- Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Almasi
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Penka
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Bezdekova
- Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Stork
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Adam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Pour
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Krejci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kuglík
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Sevcikova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a relatively well-characterized class of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) molecules, involved in the regulation of various cell processes, including transcription, intracellular trafficking, and chromosome remodeling. Their deregulation has been associated with the development and progression of various cancer types, the fact which makes them suitable as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In recent years, detection of cancer-associated lncRNAs in body fluids of cancer patients has proven itself as an especially valuable method to effectively diagnose cancer. Cancer diagnosis and prognosis employing circulating lncRNAs are preferential when compared to classical biopsies of tumor tissues, especially due to their noninvasiveness, and have great potential for routine usage in clinical practice. Thus, this review focuses on summarizing the perspectives of lncRNAs as biomarkers in cancer, based on evaluating their expression profiles determined in body fluids of cancer patients.
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The underlying mechanisms of non-coding RNAs in the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 397:94-102. [PMID: 28254409 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, which is often asymptomatic, is currently one of the most common causes of cancer-related death. This phenomenon is most likely due to a lack of early diagnosis, a high metastasis rate and a disappointing chemotherapy outcome. Thus, improving treatment outcomes by overcoming chemotherapy resistance may be a useful strategy in pancreatic cancer. Various underlying mechanisms involved in the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer have been investigated. Notably, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play a pivotal role in regulating sensitivity to chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer. In this review, we highlight recent evidence regarding the role of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer, including their expression levels, targets, biological functions and the regulation of chemoresistance, and discuss the potential clinical application of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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