1
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Shender VO, Anufrieva KS, Shnaider PV, Arapidi GP, Pavlyukov MS, Ivanova OM, Malyants IK, Stepanov GA, Zhuravlev E, Ziganshin RH, Butenko IO, Bukato ON, Klimina KM, Veselovsky VA, Grigorieva TV, Malanin SY, Aleshikova OI, Slonov AV, Babaeva NA, Ashrafyan LA, Khomyakova E, Evtushenko EG, Lukina MM, Wang Z, Silantiev AS, Nushtaeva AA, Kharlampieva DD, Lazarev VN, Lashkin AI, Arzumanyan LK, Petrushanko IY, Makarov AA, Lebedeva OS, Bogomazova AN, Lagarkova MA, Govorun VM. Therapy-induced secretion of spliceosomal components mediates pro-survival crosstalk between ovarian cancer cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5237. [PMID: 38898005 PMCID: PMC11187153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49512-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer often develops resistance to conventional therapies, hampering their effectiveness. Here, using ex vivo paired ovarian cancer ascites obtained before and after chemotherapy and in vitro therapy-induced secretomes, we show that molecules secreted by ovarian cancer cells upon therapy promote cisplatin resistance and enhance DNA damage repair in recipient cancer cells. Even a short-term incubation of chemonaive ovarian cancer cells with therapy-induced secretomes induces changes resembling those that are observed in chemoresistant patient-derived tumor cells after long-term therapy. Using integrative omics techniques, we find that both ex vivo and in vitro therapy-induced secretomes are enriched with spliceosomal components, which relocalize from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and subsequently into the extracellular vesicles upon treatment. We demonstrate that these molecules substantially contribute to the phenotypic effects of therapy-induced secretomes. Thus, SNU13 and SYNCRIP spliceosomal proteins promote therapy resistance, while the exogenous U12 and U6atac snRNAs stimulate tumor growth. These findings demonstrate the significance of spliceosomal network perturbation during therapy and further highlight that extracellular signaling might be a key factor contributing to the emergence of ovarian cancer therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria O Shender
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation.
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation.
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation.
| | - Ksenia S Anufrieva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Polina V Shnaider
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Biology; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Georgij P Arapidi
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University), Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russian Federation
| | - Marat S Pavlyukov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Olga M Ivanova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Irina K Malyants
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Faculty of Chemical-Pharmaceutical Technologies and Biomedical Drugs, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Moscow, 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory A Stepanov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Evgenii Zhuravlev
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Rustam H Ziganshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan O Butenko
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Olga N Bukato
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Ksenia M Klimina
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir A Veselovsky
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Olga I Aleshikova
- National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatal Medicine named after V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
- Russian Research Center of Roentgenology and Radiology, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey V Slonov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Nataliya A Babaeva
- National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatal Medicine named after V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
- Russian Research Center of Roentgenology and Radiology, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Lev A Ashrafyan
- National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatal Medicine named after V.I. Kulakov, Moscow, 117198, Russian Federation
- Russian Research Center of Roentgenology and Radiology, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | | | - Evgeniy G Evtushenko
- Faculty of Chemistry; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Maria M Lukina
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Artemiy S Silantiev
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Anna A Nushtaeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Daria D Kharlampieva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Vassili N Lazarev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Arseniy I Lashkin
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Lorine K Arzumanyan
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Irina Yu Petrushanko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Makarov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Olga S Lebedeva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra N Bogomazova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Maria A Lagarkova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
| | - Vadim M Govorun
- Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Moscow, 117246, Russian Federation
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Onken MD, Erdmann-Gilmore P, Zhang Q, Thapa K, King E, Kaltenbronn KM, Noda SE, Makepeace CM, Goldfarb D, Babur Ö, Townsend RR, Blumer KJ. Protein Kinase Signaling Networks Driven by Oncogenic Gq/11 in Uveal Melanoma Identified by Phosphoproteomic and Bioinformatic Analyses. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100649. [PMID: 37730182 PMCID: PMC10616553 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic uveal melanoma (UM) patients typically survive only 2 to 3 years because effective therapy does not yet exist. Here, to facilitate the discovery of therapeutic targets in UM, we have identified protein kinase signaling mechanisms elicited by the drivers in 90% of UM tumors: mutant constitutively active G protein α-subunits encoded by GNAQ (Gq) or GNA11 (G11). We used the highly specific Gq/11 inhibitor FR900359 (FR) to elucidate signaling networks that drive proliferation, metabolic reprogramming, and dedifferentiation of UM cells. We determined the effects of FR on the proteome and phosphoproteome of UM cells as indicated by bioinformatic analyses with CausalPath and site-specific gene set enrichment analysis. We found that inhibition of oncogenic Gq/11 caused deactivation of PKC, Erk, and the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK1 and CDK2 that drive proliferation. Inhibition of oncogenic Gq/11 in UM cells with low metastatic risk relieved inhibitory phosphorylation of polycomb-repressive complex subunits that regulate melanocytic redifferentiation. Site-specific gene set enrichment analysis, unsupervised analysis, and functional studies indicated that mTORC1 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 drive metabolic reprogramming in UM cells. Together, these results identified protein kinase signaling networks driven by oncogenic Gq/11 that regulate critical aspects of UM cell biology and provide targets for therapeutic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Onken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kisan Thapa
- Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily King
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kevin M Kaltenbronn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah E Noda
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carol M Makepeace
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dennis Goldfarb
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Özgün Babur
- Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Reid Townsend
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kendall J Blumer
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA.
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3
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Zhang C, Wu S. BAP1 mutations inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway to induce an immunosuppressive microenvironment in uveal melanoma. Mol Med 2023; 29:126. [PMID: 37710185 PMCID: PMC10503157 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor immune microenvironment regulates the growth and metastasis of uveal melanoma (UM). This study aims to reveal the possible molecular mechanism of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) mutations in affecting the tumor immune microenvironment in UM through mediating the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. METHODS TCGA and cBioPortal databases jointly analyzed the genes with high mutation frequency in UM samples. Following survival analysis of UM patients, UM samples with BAP1 mutations were subjected to immune cell infiltration analysis. The signaling pathways associated with the mutated genes were screened by GSEA. Subsequently, the differential BAP1 expression was analyzed in the selected UM cell lines with wild type (WT) or mutant type (MUT) BAP1. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis identified 12 genes mutated in the UM samples, while only BAP1 mutations were related to the prognosis of UM patients. UM patients with BAP1 mutations had higher immune cell infiltration. BAP1 mutations inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway, suppressing the cytokine secretion and antigen presentation by macrophages. Rescue experiments confirmed that overexpressed NF-κB could reverse the effect of BAP1 mutations on the immunosuppressive microenvironment, thus suppressing the malignant phenotypes of UM cells. CONCLUSION BAP1 mutations may inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway, repressing the cytokine secretion and antigen presentation by macrophages, which induces the immunosuppressive microenvironment, enhances the malignant phenotypes of UM cells and ultimately promotes the growth and metastasis of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Strabismus and Pediatric Ophthalmology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Department of Orbital Disease and Ocular Plastic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130041, P. R. China.
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4
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Han A, Mukha D, Chua V, Purwin TJ, Tiago M, Modasia B, Baqai U, Aumiller JL, Bechtel N, Hunter E, Danielson M, Terai M, Wedegaertner PB, Sato T, Landreville S, Davies MA, Kurtenbach S, Harbour JW, Schug ZT, Aplin AE. Co-Targeting FASN and mTOR Suppresses Uveal Melanoma Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3451. [PMID: 37444561 PMCID: PMC10341317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) displays a high frequency of metastasis; however, effective therapies for metastatic UM are limited. Identifying unique metabolic features of UM may provide a potential targeting strategy. A lipid metabolism protein expression signature was induced in a normal choroidal melanocyte (NCM) line transduced with GNAQ (Q209L), a driver in UM growth and development. Consistently, UM cells expressed elevated levels of fatty acid synthase (FASN) compared to NCMs. FASN upregulation was associated with increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) levels. FASN and mTOR inhibitors alone significantly reduced UM cell growth. Concurrent inhibition of FASN and mTOR further reduced UM cell growth by promoting cell cycle arrest and inhibiting glucose utilization, TCA cycle metabolism, and de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Our findings indicate that FASN is important for UM cell growth and co-inhibition of FASN and mTOR signaling may be considered for treatment of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.H.); (V.C.); (T.J.P.); (M.T.); (U.B.); (E.H.)
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dzmitry Mukha
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (D.M.); (Z.T.S.)
| | - Vivian Chua
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.H.); (V.C.); (T.J.P.); (M.T.); (U.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Timothy J. Purwin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.H.); (V.C.); (T.J.P.); (M.T.); (U.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Manoela Tiago
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.H.); (V.C.); (T.J.P.); (M.T.); (U.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Bhavik Modasia
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.H.); (V.C.); (T.J.P.); (M.T.); (U.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Usman Baqai
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.H.); (V.C.); (T.J.P.); (M.T.); (U.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Jenna L. Aumiller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (J.L.A.); (P.B.W.)
| | - Nelisa Bechtel
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.H.); (V.C.); (T.J.P.); (M.T.); (U.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Emily Hunter
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.H.); (V.C.); (T.J.P.); (M.T.); (U.B.); (E.H.)
| | - Meggie Danielson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (M.D.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (M.D.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Philip B. Wedegaertner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (J.L.A.); (P.B.W.)
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (M.D.); (M.T.); (T.S.)
| | - Solange Landreville
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervical-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Michael A. Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Stefan Kurtenbach
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA; (S.K.); (J.W.H.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - J. William Harbour
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA; (S.K.); (J.W.H.)
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zachary T. Schug
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (D.M.); (Z.T.S.)
| | - Andrew E. Aplin
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.H.); (V.C.); (T.J.P.); (M.T.); (U.B.); (E.H.)
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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5
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Car I, Dittmann A, Klobučar M, Grbčić P, Kraljević Pavelić S, Sedić M. Secretome Screening of BRAFV600E-Mutated Colon Cancer Cells Resistant to Vemurafenib. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040608. [PMID: 37106808 PMCID: PMC10136293 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) carrying BRAFV600E mutation have worse response to chemotherapy and poor prognosis. The BRAFV600E inhibitor vemurafenib has shown modest efficacy as monotherapy in BRAF-mutated mCRC due to the development of resistance. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative proteomics profiling of the secretome from vemurafenib-sensitive vs. -resistant colon cancer cells harboring BRAFV600E mutation in order to identify specific secretory features potentially associated with changes in the resistant cells' phenotype. Towards this aim, we employed two complementary proteomics approaches including two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and label-free quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis. Obtained results pointed to aberrant regulation of DNA replication and endoplasmic reticulum stress as the major secretome features associated with chemoresistant phenotype. Accordingly, two proteins implicated in these processes including RPA1 and HSPA5/GRP78 were discussed in more details in the context of biological networks and their importance as potential secretome targets for further functional and clinical evaluation. Expression patterns of RPA1 and HSPA5/GRP78 in tumor tissues from colon cancer patients were also found in additional in silico analyses to be associated with BRAFV600E mutation status, which opens the possibility to extrapolate our findings and their clinical implication to other solid tumors harboring BRAFV600E mutation, such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Car
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antje Dittmann
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Y59 H38, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marko Klobučar
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Grbčić
- Faculty of Medicine, Juraj Dobrila University of Pula, Zagrebačka ul. 30, 52100 Pula, Croatia
| | | | - Mirela Sedić
- Centre for Applied Bioanthropology, Institute for Anthropological Research, Ljudevita Gaja 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Habibi A, Zarei-Behjani Z, Falamarzi K, Malekpour M, Ebrahimi F, Soleimani M, Nejabat M, Khosravi A, Moayedfard Z, Pakbaz S, Dehdari Ebrahimi N, Azarpira N. Extracellular vesicles as a new horizon in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory eye diseases: A narrative review of the literature. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1097456. [PMID: 36969177 PMCID: PMC10033955 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1097456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Their cargos contain a diverse variety of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids that are involved in both normal physiology and pathology of the ocular system. Thus, studying extracellular vesicles may lead to a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and even potential treatments for various diseases. The roles of extracellular vesicles in inflammatory eye disorders have been widely investigated in recent years. The term “inflammatory eye diseases” refers to a variety of eye conditions such as inflammation-related diseases, degenerative conditions with remarkable inflammatory components, neuropathy, and tumors. This study presents an overview of extracellular vesicles’ and exosomes’ pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic values in inflammatory eye diseases, as well as existing and potential challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Habibi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Zarei-Behjani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Falamarzi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Malekpour
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masood Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Nejabat
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Khosravi
- Department of Ophthalmology School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Moayedfard
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Pakbaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Negar Azarpira, ; Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi,
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Negar Azarpira, ; Niloofar Dehdari Ebrahimi,
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7
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Piquet L, Coutant K, Mitchell A, Ben Anes A, Bollmann E, Schoonjans N, Bérubé J, Bordeleau F, Brisson A, Landreville S. Extracellular Vesicles from Ocular Melanoma Have Pro-Fibrotic and Pro-Angiogenic Properties on the Tumor Microenvironment. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233828. [PMID: 36497088 PMCID: PMC9736613 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor and often spreads to the liver. Intercellular communication though extracellular vesicles (EVs) plays an important role in several oncogenic processes, including metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and immune escape. This study examines how EVs released by UM cells modify stellate and endothelial cells in the tumor microenvironment. The surface markers, and the concentration and size of EVs derived from UM cells or choroidal melanocytes were characterized by high-resolution flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and Western blotting. The selective biodistribution of EVs was studied in mice by fluorescence imaging. The activation/contractility of stellate cells and the tubular organization of endothelial cells after exposure to melanomic EVs were determined by traction force microscopy, collagen gel contraction, or endothelial tube formation assays. We showed that large EVs from UM cells and healthy melanocytes are heterogenous in size, as well as their expression of phosphatidylserine, tetraspanins, and Tsg101. Melanomic EVs mainly accumulated in the liver and lungs of mice. Hepatic stellate cells with internalized melanomic EVs had increased contractility, whereas EV-treated endothelial cells developed more capillary-like networks. Our study demonstrates that the transfer of EVs from UM cells leads to a pro-fibrotic and pro-angiogenic phenotype in hepatic stellate and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Piquet
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Kelly Coutant
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Amel Ben Anes
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Enola Bollmann
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Nathan Schoonjans
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Julie Bérubé
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - François Bordeleau
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Alain Brisson
- UMR-CBMN, CNRS-Université de Bordeaux-IPB, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Solange Landreville
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l’Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-682-7693
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8
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Manukonda R, Attem J, Yenuganti VR, Kaliki S, Vemuganti GK. Exosomes in the visual system: New avenues in ocular diseases. Tumour Biol 2022; 44:129-152. [PMID: 35964221 DOI: 10.3233/tub-211543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subgroup of membrane-bound extracellular vesicles secreted by all cell types and present virtually in all biological fluids. The composition of exosomes in the same cell type varies in healthy and disease conditions. Hence, exosomes research is a prime focus area for clinical research in cancer and numerous age-related metabolic syndromes. Functions of exosomes include crucial cell-to-cell communication that mediates complex cellular processes, such as antigen presentation, stem cell differentiation, and angiogenesis. However, very few studies reported the presence and role of exosomes in normal physiological and pathological conditions of specialized ocular tissues of the eye and ocular cancers. The eye being a protected sense organ with unique connectivity with the rest of the body through the blood and natural passages, we believe that the role of exosomes in ocular tissues will significantly improve our understanding of ocular diseases and their interactions with the rest of the body. We present a review that highlights the existence and function of exosomes in various ocular tissues, their role in the progression of some of the neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions of the eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Manukonda
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.,The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Brien Holden Eye Research Center, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jyothi Attem
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vengala Rao Yenuganti
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,Brien Holden Eye Research Center, L. V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Geeta K Vemuganti
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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9
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Characterization of Extracellular vesicles isolated from different Liquid biopsies of uveal melanoma patients. J Circ Biomark 2022; 11:36-47. [PMID: 35784590 PMCID: PMC9238429 DOI: 10.33393/jcb.2022.2370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor in adults. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively studied as a biomarker to monitor disease in patients. The study of new biomarkers in melanoma patients could prevent metastasis by earlier diagnosis. In this study, we determined the proteomic profile of EVs isolated from aqueous humor (AH), vitreous humor (VH), and plasma from UM patients in comparison with cancer-free control patients. Methods: AH, VH and plasma were collected from seven patients with UM after enucleation; AH and plasma were collected from seven cancer-free patients with cataract (CAT; control group). EVs were isolated using the membrane-based affinity binding column method. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) was performed to determine the size and concentration of EVs. EV markers, CD63 and TSG101, were assessed by immunoblotting, and the EV proteome was characterized by mass spectrometry. Results: Mean EV concentration was higher in all analytes of UM patients compared to those in the CAT group. In the UM cohort, the mean concentration of EVs was significantly lower in AH and plasma than in VH. In contrast, the mean size and size distribution of EVs was invariably identical in all analyzed analytes and in both studied groups (UM vs. CAT). Mass spectrometry analyses from the different analytes from UM patients showed the presence of EV markers. Conclusion: EVs isolated from AH, VH, and plasma from patients with UM showed consistent profiles and support the use of blood to monitor UM patients as a noninvasive liquid biopsy.
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10
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Karg MM, John L, Refaian N, Buettner C, Rottmar T, Sommer J, Bock B, Resheq YJ, Ksander BR, Heindl LM, Mackensen A, Bosch JJ. Midkine promotes metastasis and therapeutic resistance via mTOR/RPS6 in uveal melanoma. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1320-1336. [PMID: 35503453 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is a rare form of melanoma that originates in the eye, exerts widespread therapeutic resistance and displays an inherent propensity for hepatic metastases. Since metastatic disease is characterized by poor survival, there is an unmet clinical need to identify new therapeutic targets in uveal melanoma. Here, we show that the pleiotropic cytokine midkine is expressed in uveal melanoma. Midkine expression in primary uveal melanoma significantly correlates with poor survival and is elevated in patients that develop metastatic disease. Monosomy 3 and histopathological staging parameters are associated with midkine expression. In addition, we demonstrate that midkine promotes survival, migration across a barrier of hepatic sinusoid endothelial cells and resistance to AKT/mTOR inhibition. Furthermore, midkine is secreted and mediates mTOR activation by maintaining phosphorylation of the mTOR target RPS6 in uveal melanoma cells. Therefore, midkine is identified as a uveal melanoma cell survival factor that drives metastasis and therapeutic resistance, and could be exploited as a biomarker as well as a new therapeutic target. Implications: Midkine is identified as a survival factor that drives liver metastasis and therapeutic resistance in melanoma of the eye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas John
- University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nasrin Refaian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne and Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO) Cologne-Bonn, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Buettner
- University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Mackensen
- Dept. of Internal Medicine 5, Hematology/Oncology, Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Tan Y, Tang F, Li J, Yu H, Wu M, Wu Y, Zeng H, Hou K, Zhang Q. Tumor-derived exosomes: the emerging orchestrators in melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112832. [PMID: 35325853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive cancer type derived from melanocytes and its incidence has rapidly increased worldwide. Despite the vast improvement in therapy, melanoma is still confronted with high invasion, metastasis, and recurrence rate. Recent studies have confirmed that the exosomes are naturally occurring membranous extracellular vesicles with nano-sized lipid bilayers, performing as information messagers within cellular reciprocal action. Exosomes are unquestionably endowed with multifaceted roles in various diseases, including melanoma. Notably, tumor-derived exosomes play a pivotal role in conditioning the tumor microenvironment to promote the growth, metastasis, immune escape, and even drug-resistance of melanoma by transferring carcinogenic nucleic acids and proteins. Clinically, the dynamic expressions of exosomal components and loadings in melanoma patients with different tumor stages confer the clinical application of melanoma exosomes as diagnostic biomarkers. Hence, this review highlights the recent complicated roles and mechanisms of melanoma exosomes, as well as their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets in melanoma. The in-depth insights into the properties and behaviors of melanoma exosomes are of great potential to yield attractive therapeutic methods for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Tan
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jieming Li
- Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Honghao Yu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yiping Wu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hong Zeng
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Kai Hou
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article reviews the latest proteomic research on uveal melanoma. RECENT FINDINGS Proteomic analysis of uveal melanoma cell lines and tissue specimens has improved our understanding of the pathophysiology of uveal melanoma and helped identify potential prognostic biomarkers. Circulating proteins in patient serum may aid in the surveillance of metastatic disease. The proteomes of aqueous and vitreous biopsy specimens may provide safer biomarkers for metastatic risk and candidate therapeutic targets in uveal melanoma. Proteomic analysis has the potential to benefit patient outcomes by improving diagnosis, prognostication, surveillance, and treatment of uveal melanoma. SUMMARY These recent findings demonstrate that proteomic analysis is an important area of research to better understand the pathophysiology of uveal melanoma and improve the personalized management of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Heiferman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Vinit B. Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA
| | - Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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13
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de Bruyn DP, Beasley AB, Verdijk RM, van Poppelen NM, Paridaens D, de Keizer ROB, Naus NC, Gray ES, de Klein A, Brosens E, Kiliç E. Is Tissue Still the Issue? The Promise of Liquid Biopsy in Uveal Melanoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020506. [PMID: 35203714 PMCID: PMC8962331 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the second most frequent type of melanoma. Therapeutic options for UM favor minimally invasive techniques such as irradiation for vision preservation. As a consequence, no tumor material is obtained. Without available tissue, molecular analyses for gene expression, mutation or copy number analysis cannot be performed. Thus, proper patient stratification is impossible and patients’ uncertainty about their prognosis rises. Minimally invasive techniques have been studied for prognostication in UM. Blood-based biomarker analysis has become more common in recent years; however, no clinically standardized protocol exists. This review summarizes insights in biomarker analysis, addressing new insights in circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, extracellular vesicles, proteomics, and metabolomics. Additionally, medical imaging can play a significant role in staging, surveillance, and prognostication of UM and is addressed in this review. We propose that combining multiple minimally invasive modalities using tumor biomarkers should be the way forward and warrant more attention in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniël P. de Bruyn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.P.d.B.); (N.M.v.P.); (D.P.); (N.C.N.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aaron B. Beasley
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (A.B.B.); (E.S.G.)
| | - Robert M. Verdijk
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.M.V.); (R.O.B.d.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Section Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Natasha M. van Poppelen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.P.d.B.); (N.M.v.P.); (D.P.); (N.C.N.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dion Paridaens
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.P.d.B.); (N.M.v.P.); (D.P.); (N.C.N.)
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital, 3011 BH Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (R.M.V.); (R.O.B.d.K.)
| | | | - Nicole C. Naus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.P.d.B.); (N.M.v.P.); (D.P.); (N.C.N.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elin S. Gray
- Centre for Precision Health, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; (A.B.B.); (E.S.G.)
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (A.d.K.); (E.B.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emine Kiliç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (D.P.d.B.); (N.M.v.P.); (D.P.); (N.C.N.)
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-107030683
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14
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Ambrosini G, Rai AJ, Carvajal RD, Schwartz GK. Uveal melanoma exosomes induce a pro-metastatic microenvironment through macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:661-669. [PMID: 34992145 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare melanoma subtype different from cutaneous melanoma, with high incidence of liver metastasis and poor prognosis. Cancer cell derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to induce pro-inflammatory and pro-metastatic signaling in the tumor microenvironment and at distant sites. The characterization of UM exosome cargo and its role in metastatic spread is essential to identify targets and intervene in the early stages of metastatic development. Our study characterizes the proteomic content of UM exosomes and identified the presence of markers with metastatic properties. We demonstrated that UM exosomes induce activation of cell signaling pathways and the release of cytokines and growth factors from hepatocytes. These exosome-stimulated liver cells could in turn induce migration of UM cells, confirming that the exosomes have a functional role in the crosstalk between these two cell types. We found that the pro-inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was a major player in these mechanisms and its blockade inhibited cell migration in co-culture with exosome-stimulated hepatocytes and prevented the development of metastases in vivo. Targeting MIF in the early stages of metastasis may represent a novel adjuvant drug therapy to prevent metastatic spread in uveal melanoma. Implications: This study provides the first in vivo evidence that MIF inhibition may serve as a novel adjuvant drug therapy to prevent metastasis in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex J Rai
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
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García-Pérez O, Melgar-Vilaplana L, Córdoba-Lanús E, Fernández-de-Misa R. Gene Expression Studies in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Samples of Cutaneous Cancer: The Need for Reference Genes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2167-2176. [PMID: 34940125 PMCID: PMC8928935 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour samples may provide crucial data regarding biomarkers for neoplasm progression. Analysis of gene expression is frequently used for this purpose. Therefore, mRNA expression needs to be normalized through comparison to reference genes. In this study, we establish which of the usually reported reference genes is the most reliable one in cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). ACTB, TFRC, HPRT1 and TBP expression was quantified in 123 FFPE samples (74 MM and 49 CSCC biopsies) using qPCR. Expression stability was analysed by NormFinder and Bestkeeper softwares, and the direct comparison method between means and SD. The in-silico analysis with BestKeeper indicated that HPRT1 was more stable than ACTB and TFRC in MM (1.85 vs. 2.15) and CSCC tissues (2.09 vs. 2.33). The best option to NormFinder was ACTB gene (0.56) in MM and TFRC (0.26) in CSCC. The direct comparison method showed lower SD means of ACTB expression in MM (1.17) and TFRC expression in CSCC samples (1.00). When analysing the combination of two reference genes for improving stability, NormFinder indicated HPRT1 and ACTB to be the best for MM samples, and HPRT1 and TFRC genes for CSCC. In conclusion, HPRT1 and ACTB genes in combination are the most appropriate choice for normalization in gene expression studies in MM FFPE tissue, while the combination of HPRT1 and TFRC genes are the best option in analysing CSCC FFPE samples. These may be used consistently in forthcoming studies on gene expression in both tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar García-Pérez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Ctra. Gral. del Rosario, 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Universidad de La Laguna, Calle Padre Herrera, s/n, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), 38296 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Leticia Melgar-Vilaplana
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Ctra. Gral. del Rosario, 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Elizabeth Córdoba-Lanús
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Ctra. Gral. del Rosario, 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Universidad de La Laguna, Calle Padre Herrera, s/n, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias (IUETSPC), 38296 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.-L.); (R.F.-d.-M.)
| | - Ricardo Fernández-de-Misa
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Ctra. Gral. del Rosario, 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Universidad de La Laguna, Calle Padre Herrera, s/n, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Ctra. Gral. del Rosario, 145, 38010 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.C.-L.); (R.F.-d.-M.)
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Rossi E, Croce M, Reggiani F, Schinzari G, Ambrosio M, Gangemi R, Tortora G, Pfeffer U, Amaro A. Uveal Melanoma Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5684. [PMID: 34830841 PMCID: PMC8616038 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is characterized by relatively few, highly incident molecular alterations and their association with metastatic risk is deeply understood. Nevertheless, this knowledge has so far not led to innovative therapies for the successful treatment of UM metastases or for adjuvant therapy, leaving survival after diagnosis of metastatic UM almost unaltered in decades. The driver mutations of UM, mainly in the G-protein genes GNAQ and GNA11, activate the MAP-kinase pathway as well as the YAP/TAZ pathway. At present, there are no drugs that target the latter and this likely explains the failure of mitogen activated kinase kinase inhibitors. Immune checkpoint blockers, despite the game changing effect in cutaneous melanoma (CM), show only limited effects in UM probably because of the low mutational burden of 0.5 per megabase and the unavailability of antibodies targeting the main immune checkpoint active in UM. The highly pro-tumorigenic microenvironment of UM also contributes to therapy resistance. However, T-cell redirection by a soluble T-cell receptor that is fused to an anti-CD3 single-chain variable fragment, local, liver specific therapy, new immune checkpoint blockers, and YAP/TAZ specific drugs give new hope to repeating the success of innovative therapy obtained for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rossi
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
| | - Michela Croce
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Francesco Reggiani
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.R.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanni Schinzari
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
- Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Ambrosio
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.R.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Rosaria Gangemi
- Laboratory of Biotherapies, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (M.C.); (R.G.)
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (E.R.); (G.S.); (G.T.)
- Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.R.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Adriana Amaro
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.R.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
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17
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Proteomics of Primary Uveal Melanoma: Insights into Metastasis and Protein Biomarkers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143520. [PMID: 34298739 PMCID: PMC8307952 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma metastases are lethal and remain incurable. A quantitative proteomic analysis of 53 metastasizing and 47 non-metastasizing primary uveal melanoma (pUM) was pursued for insights into UM metastasis and protein biomarkers. The metastatic status of the pUM specimens was defined based on clinical data, survival histories, prognostic analyses, and liver histopathology. LC MS/MS iTRAQ technology, the Mascot search engine, and the UniProt human database were used to identify and quantify pUM proteins relative to the normal choroid excised from UM donor eyes. The determined proteomes of all 100 tumors were very similar, encompassing a total of 3935 pUM proteins. Proteins differentially expressed (DE) between metastasizing and non-metastasizing pUM (n = 402) were employed in bioinformatic analyses that predicted significant differences in the immune system between metastasizing and non-metastasizing pUM. The immune proteins (n = 778) identified in this study support the immune-suppressive nature and low abundance of immune checkpoint regulators in pUM, and suggest CDH1, HLA-DPA1, and several DE immune kinases and phosphatases as possible candidates for immune therapy checkpoint blockade. Prediction modeling identified 32 proteins capable of predicting metastasizing versus non-metastasizing pUM with 93% discriminatory accuracy, supporting the potential for protein-based prognostic methods for detecting UM metastasis.
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18
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The Analysis of Inflammation-Related Proteins in a Cargo of Exosomes Derived from the Serum of Uveal Melanoma Patients Reveals Potential Biomarkers of Disease Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133334. [PMID: 34283046 PMCID: PMC8268237 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumour in adults with a poor prognosis and extremely high mortality rate due to the development of metastatic disease. Despite good knowledge of the histological and genetic background of metastases formation, there is still a lack of specific biomarkers which would allow early detection of UM progression. Due to their unique molecular cargo consisting of proteins and nucleic acids, exosomes have been widely studied as carriers of biomarkers for cancer development and progression. In this study, we analyzed the inflammation-related protein cargo of exosomes derived from the serum of primary and metastatic UM patients and healthy donors using multiplex immunoassay technology. We showed a significant correlation between the disease stage and the concentration of inflammation-related proteins from exosomal cargo. Based on the obtained results, we propose the panel of exosomal proteins for early detection of uveal melanoma progression into metastatic disease. Abstract Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumour in adults with a poor prognosis and extremely high mortality rate due to the development of metastatic disease. However, despite relatively good knowledge about the histological and genetic risk factors for metastasis development, there is no specific biomarker that would allow early detection of UM progression. Recently, exosomes and their molecular cargo have been widely studied in the search for potential biomarkers in several cancers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the inflammation-related protein cargo of exosomes derived from the serum of primary and metastatic UM patients and healthy donors. Methods: The exosomes were isolated from the serum of primary and metastatic UM patients and healthy donors. Using multiplex immunoassay technology, we analyzed the concentration of 37 inflammation-related proteins in obtained exosomes. Results: The analysis of protein cargo showed several molecules related to inflammation, such as interferon-gamma, interleukin 2, 22 and 12(p40), Pentraxin-3, TNFSF13B and TNFSF8 which were significantly enriched in metastatic UM exosomes. We showed a significant correlation between the disease stage and the concentration of these inflammation-related proteins from exosomal cargo. Conclusions: Based on the obtained results, we propose the panel of exosomal proteins for early detection of uveal melanoma progression into metastatic disease.
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Han A, Schug ZT, Aplin AE. Metabolic Alterations and Therapeutic Opportunities in Rare Forms of Melanoma. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:671-681. [PMID: 34127435 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is derived from melanocytes located in multiple regions of the body. Cutaneous melanoma (CM) represents the major subgroup, but less-common subtypes including uveal melanoma (UM), mucosal melanoma (MM), and acral melanoma (AM) arise that have distinct genetic profiles. Treatments effective for CM are ineffective in UM, AM, and MM, and patient survival remains poor. As reprogrammed cancer metabolism is associated with tumorigenesis, the underlying mechanisms are well studied and provide therapeutic opportunities in many cancers; however, metabolism is less well studied in rarer melanoma subtypes. We summarize current knowledge of the metabolic alterations in rare melanoma and potential applications of targeting cancer metabolism to improve the therapeutic options available to UM, AM, and MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Han
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Zachary T Schug
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA19104, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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20
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Honduvilla N, Coca S, Álvarez-Mon M, Buján J, Teus MA. Update on uveal melanoma: Translational research from biology to clinical practice (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:1262-1279. [PMID: 33173970 PMCID: PMC7646582 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common type of intraocular cancer with a low mean annual incidence of 5‑10 cases per million. Tumours are located in the choroid (90%), ciliary body (6%) or iris (4%) and of 85% are primary tumours. As in cutaneous melanoma, tumours arise in melanocytes; however, the characteristics of uveal melanoma differ, accounting for 3‑5% of melanocytic cancers. Among the numerous risk factors are age, sex, genetic and phenotypic predisposition, the work environment and dermatological conditions. Management is usually multidisciplinary, including several specialists such as ophthalmologists, oncologists and maxillofacial surgeons, who participate in the diagnosis, treatment and complex follow‑up of these patients, without excluding the management of the immense emotional burden. Clinically, uveal melanoma generates symptoms that depend as much on the affected ocular globe site as on the tumour size. The anatomopathological study of uveal melanoma has recently benefited from developments in molecular biology. In effect, disease classification or staging according to molecular profile is proving useful for the assessment of this type of tumour. Further, the improved knowledge of tumour biology is giving rise to a more targeted approach to diagnosis, prognosis and treatment development; for example, epigenetics driven by microRNAs as a target for disease control. In the present study, the main epidemiological, clinical, physiopathological and molecular features of this disease are reviewed, and the associations among all these factors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid
- University Center for The Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid
- University Center for The Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid
| | - Santiago Coca
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid
- University Center for The Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid
- University Center for The Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid
- Internal and Oncology Service (CIBER-EHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid
| | - Julia Buján
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid
- University Center for The Defense of Madrid (CUD-ACD), 28047 Madrid
| | - Miguel A. Teus
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid
- Ophthalmology Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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21
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Tsering T, Laskaris A, Abdouh M, Bustamante P, Parent S, Jin E, Ferrier ST, Arena G, Burnier JV. Uveal Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Display Transforming Potential and Carry Protein Cargo Involved in Metastatic Niche Preparation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102923. [PMID: 33050649 PMCID: PMC7600758 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry molecules derived from donor cells and are able to alter the properties of recipient cells. They are important players during the genesis and progression of tumors. Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults and is associated with a high rate of metastasis, primarily to the liver. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed the oncogenic potential of UM-derived EVs and their protein signature. We isolated and characterized EVs from five UM cell lines and from normal choroidal melanocytes (NCMs). BRCA1-deficient fibroblasts (Fibro-BKO) were exposed to the EVs and analyzed for their growth in vitro and their reprograming potential in vivo following inoculation into NOD-SCID mice. Mass spectrometry of proteins from UM-EVs and NCM-EVs was performed to determine a protein signature that could elucidate potential key players in UM progression. In-depth analyses showed the presence of exosomal markers, and proteins involved in cell-cell and focal adhesion, endocytosis, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Notably, we observed high expression levels of HSP90, HSP70 and integrin V in UM-EVs. Our data bring new evidence on the involvement of UM-EVs in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thupten Tsering
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Alexander Laskaris
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Mohamed Abdouh
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Prisca Bustamante
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Sabrina Parent
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Eva Jin
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Sarah Tadhg Ferrier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
| | - Goffredo Arena
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
- Ospedale Giuseppe Giglio Fondazione San Raffaele Cefalu Sicily, 90015 Cefalu, Italy
- Mediterranean Institute of Oncology, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Julia V. Burnier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (T.T.); (A.L.); (M.A.); (P.B.); (S.P.); (E.J.); (S.T.F.); (G.A.)
- Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-934-1934 (ext. 76307)
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22
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Krishna Y, Acha-Sagredo A, Sabat-Pośpiech D, Kipling N, Clarke K, Figueiredo CR, Kalirai H, Coupland SE. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals New Insights into the Immune Microenvironment and Upregulation of Novel Biomarkers in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102832. [PMID: 33008022 PMCID: PMC7650807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare aggressive eye cancer. Although treatment of the eye tumour is successful, about 50% of UM patients develop a relapse of their cancer in the liver. At present, such advanced disease is not curable. A better understanding of the metastatic UM (mUM) in the liver is essential to improve patient survival. This study examines both the response of immune cells within the liver to the UM secondaries (metastases), as well as the expression of various proteins by the UM cells. Our study demonstrates that there is a limited immune response to the mUM, but reveals that a certain type of reactive immune cell: a protumourigenic subset of macrophage is dominant within the mUM. Our research also reveals novel proteins within the mUM, which are specific to these cells and therefore may be targetable in future therapies. Abstract Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) to the liver is incurable. Transcriptome profiling of 40 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded mUM liver resections and 6 control liver specimens was undertaken. mUMs were assessed for morphology, nuclear BAP1 (nBAP1) expression, and their tumour microenvironments (TME) using an “immunoscore” (absent/altered/high) for tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and macrophages (TAMs). Transcriptomes were compared between mUM and control liver; intersegmental and intratumoural analyses were also undertaken. Most mUM were epithelioid cell-type (75%), amelanotic (55%), and nBAP1-ve (70%). They had intermediate (68%) or absent (15%) immunoscores for TILs and intermediate (53%) or high (45%) immunoscores for TAMs. M2-TAMs were dominant in the mUM-TME, with upregulated expression of ANXA1, CD74, CXCR4, MIF, STAT3, PLA2G6, and TGFB1. Compared to control liver, mUM showed significant (p < 0.01) upregulation of 10 genes: DUSP4, PRAME, CD44, IRF4/MUM1, BCL2, CD146/MCAM/MUC18, IGF1R, PNMA1, MFGE8/lactadherin, and LGALS3/Galectin-3. Protein expression of DUSP4, CD44, IRF4, BCL-2, CD146, and IGF1R was validated in all mUMs, whereas protein expression of PRAME was validated in 10% cases; LGALS3 stained TAMs, and MFGEF8 highlighted bile ducts only. Intersegmental mUMs show differing transcriptomes, whereas those within a single mUM were similar. Our results show that M2-TAMs dominate mUM-TME with upregulation of genes contributing to immunosuppression. mUM significantly overexpress genes with targetable signalling pathways, and yet these may differ between intersegmental lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Krishna
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK;
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (D.S.-P.); (N.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Amelia Acha-Sagredo
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (D.S.-P.); (N.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Dorota Sabat-Pośpiech
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (D.S.-P.); (N.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Natalie Kipling
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (D.S.-P.); (N.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Kim Clarke
- Computational Biology Facility, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
| | - Carlos R. Figueiredo
- MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turun yliopisto, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (D.S.-P.); (N.K.); (H.K.)
| | - Sarah E. Coupland
- Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Duncan Building, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK;
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, West Derby Street, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK; (A.A.-S.); (D.S.-P.); (N.K.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-151-794-9104
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23
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Mallone F, Sacchetti M, Lambiase A, Moramarco A. Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2761. [PMID: 32992823 PMCID: PMC7600598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer. In recent decades, major advances have been achieved in the diagnosis and prognosis of UM allowing for tailored treatments. However, nearly 50% of patients still develop metastatic disease with survival rates of less than 1 year. There is currently no standard of adjuvant and metastatic treatment in UM, and available therapies are ineffective resulting from cutaneous melanoma protocols. Advances and novel treatment options including liver-directed therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted-therapy have been investigated in UM-dedicated clinical trials on single compounds or combinational therapies, with promising results. Therapies aimed at prolonging or targeting metastatic tumor dormancy provided encouraging results in other cancers, and need to be explored in UM. In this review, the latest progress in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of UM in adjuvant and metastatic settings are discussed. In addition, novel insights into tumor genetics, biology and immunology, and the mechanisms underlying metastatic dormancy are discussed. As evident from the numerous studies discussed in this review, the increasing knowledge of this disease and the promising results from testing of novel individualized therapies could offer future perspectives for translating in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessandro Lambiase
- Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.M.); (M.S.); (A.M.)
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Exosomes: Insights from Retinoblastoma and Other Eye Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197055. [PMID: 32992741 PMCID: PMC7582726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, considered as cell debris or garbage bags, have been later characterized as nanometer-sized extracellular double-membrane lipid bilayer bio-vesicles secreted by the fusion of vesicular bodies with the plasma membrane. The constituents and the rate of exosomes formation differ in different pathophysiological conditions. Exosomes are also observed and studied in different parts of the eye, like the retina, cornea, aqueous, and vitreous humor. Tear fluid consists of exosomes that are shown to regulate various cellular processes. The role of exosomes in eye cancers, especially retinoblastoma (RB), is not well explored, although few studies point towards their presence. Retinoblastoma is an intraocular tumor that constitutes 3% of cases of cancer in children. Diagnosis of RB may require invasive procedures, which might lead to the spread of the disease to other parts. Due to this reason, better ways of diagnosis are being explored. Studies on the exosomes in RB tumors and serum might help designing better diagnostic approaches for RB. In this article, we reviewed studies on exosomes in the eye, with a special emphasis on RB. We also reviewed miRNAs expressed in RB tumor, serum, and cell lines and analyzed the targets of these miRNAs from the proteins identified in the RB tumor exosomes. hsa-miR-494 and hsa-miR-9, upregulated and downregulated, respectively in RB, have the maximum number of targets. Although oppositely regulated, they share the same targets in the proteins identified in RB tumor exosomes. Overall this review provides the up-to-date progress in the area of eye exosome research, with an emphasis on RB.
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25
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Kosnopfel C, Sinnberg T, Sauer B, Niessner H, Muenchow A, Fehrenbacher B, Schaller M, Mertens PR, Garbe C, Thakur BK, Schittek B. Tumour Progression Stage-Dependent Secretion of YB-1 Stimulates Melanoma Cell Migration and Invasion. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082328. [PMID: 32824741 PMCID: PMC7464723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secreted factors play an important role in intercellular communication. Therefore, they are not only indispensable for the regulation of various physiological processes but can also decisively advance the development and progression of tumours. In the context of inflammatory disease, Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is actively secreted and the extracellular protein promotes cell proliferation and migration. In malignant melanoma, intracellular YB-1 expression increases during melanoma progression and represents an unfavourable prognostic marker. Here, we show active secretion of YB-1 from melanoma cells as opposed to benign cells of the skin. Intriguingly, YB-1 secretion correlates with the stage of melanoma progression and depends on a calcium- and ATP-dependent non-classical secretory pathway leading to the occurrence of YB-1 in the extracellular space as a free protein. Along with an elevated YB-1 secretion of melanoma cells in the metastatic growth phase, extracellular YB-1 exerts a stimulating effect on melanoma cell migration, invasion, and tumourigenicity. Collectively, these data suggest that secreted YB-1 plays a functional role in melanoma cell biology, stimulating metastasis, and may serve as a novel biomarker in malignant melanoma that reflects tumour aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Kosnopfel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (B.S.); Tel.: +49-931-20126778 (C.K.); +49-7071-29-80832 (B.S.)
| | - Tobias Sinnberg
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Birgit Sauer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Heike Niessner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Alina Muenchow
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Peter R. Mertens
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Claus Garbe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
| | - Basant Kumar Thakur
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Birgit Schittek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.S.); (B.S.); (H.N.); (A.M.); (B.F.); (M.S.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (B.S.); Tel.: +49-931-20126778 (C.K.); +49-7071-29-80832 (B.S.)
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26
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Sato S, Kato J, Sawada M, Horimoto K, Okura M, Hida T, Uhara H. Usefulness of neuron-specific enolase as a serum marker of metastatic melanoma. J Dermatol 2020; 47:1141-1148. [PMID: 32734632 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment strategies for advanced melanoma are dramatically changing, due to immune-checkpoint inhibitors and BRAF/MEK inhibitors. Nevertheless, reliable serum markers for evaluation of treatment responses and the outcome are still limited. Some previous reports suggested that serum neuron-specific enolase (sNSE) may be a useful marker for melanoma; however, its usefulness is controversial. Moreover, NSE has not been examined in vitro by using melanoma cell lines. We retrospectively evaluated sNSE and serum lactate dehydrogenase (sLDH) levels at the initial diagnosis and during therapy in 33 melanoma patients of various stages. We analyzed the NSE concentrations in cell lysates and supernatants from melanoma cell lines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The median sNSE was significantly higher in stage IV patients compared with stages I/II and III (16.3, 12.7 and 12.1 ng/mL, respectively). sNSE was elevated in 20% (2/10) of stage III and 61.1% (11/18) of stage IV patients but not in stages I/II. sNSE and sLDH tended to correspond to the total tumor volume (P = 0.48 and 0.58; 95% confidence intervals, 0.005-0172 and 0.776-0.836, respectively). The coincidence rate of sNSE and sLDH in stage IV at the initial diagnosis was 11 of 18 (61.1%). Of the remaining patients, elevated sNSE but not sLDH was observed in five patients (27.8%) and elevated sLDH but not sNSE was observed in two (11.1%). Four of the five patients showing elevated sNSE and normal sLDH were of the mucosal type. NSE was detected in both supernatant and cell lysate of all four melanoma cell lines (0.30-237.32 ng/mL and 137-483.04 ng/mg, respectively). Two cell lines with a high supernatant NSE level contained many dead cells in the supernatant. The combination of sNSE and sLDH could contribute to the early detection of distant metastasis and disease condition evaluations for advanced melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junji Kato
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahide Sawada
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kohei Horimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masae Okura
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tokimasa Hida
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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27
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Zebrowska A, Widlak P, Whiteside T, Pietrowska M. Signaling of Tumor-Derived sEV Impacts Melanoma Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145066. [PMID: 32709086 PMCID: PMC7404104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEV or exosomes) are nanovesicles (30–150 nm) released both in vivo and in vitro by most cell types. Tumor cells produce sEV called TEX and disperse them throughout all body fluids. TEX contain a cargo of proteins, lipids, and RNA that is similar but not identical to that of the “parent” producer cell (i.e., the cargo of exosomes released by melanoma cells is similar but not identical to exosomes released by melanocytes), possibly due to selective endosomal packaging. TEX and their role in cancer biology have been intensively investigated largely due to the possibility that TEX might serve as key component of a “liquid tumor biopsy.” TEX are also involved in the crosstalk between cancer and immune cells and play a key role in the suppression of anti-tumor immune responses, thus contributing to the tumor progression. Most of the available information about the TEX molecular composition and functions has been gained using sEV isolated from supernatants of cancer cell lines. However, newer data linking plasma levels of TEX with cancer progression have focused attention on TEX in the patients’ peripheral circulation as potential biomarkers of cancer diagnosis, development, activity, and response to therapy. Here, we consider the molecular cargo and functions of TEX as potential biomarkers of one of the most fatal malignancies—melanoma. Studies of TEX in plasma of patients with melanoma offer the possibility of an in-depth understanding of the melanoma biology and response to immune therapies. This review features melanoma cell-derived exosomes (MTEX) with special emphasis on exosome-mediated signaling between melanoma cells and the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Zebrowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.W.)
| | - Piotr Widlak
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.W.)
| | - Theresa Whiteside
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Monika Pietrowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (A.Z.); (P.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-32-278-9627
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28
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Aughton K, Shahidipour H, Djirackor L, Coupland SE, Kalirai H. Characterization of Uveal Melanoma Cell Lines and Primary Tumor Samples in 3D Culture. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:39. [PMID: 32832244 PMCID: PMC7414609 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.7.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Uveal melanoma (UM) typically spreads to the liver, where it is incurable, as there are limited therapeutic interventions available. This study aimed to standardize laboratory methods for generating three-dimensional (3D) spheroids using UM cell lines and primary UM (PUM) samples for use in drug screening. Methods Six UM cell lines and nine PUM, of differing genetic characteristics were cultured in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions. 3D spheroid formation and growth were time monitored, and ImageJ software was used to calculate cross-sectional areas. PUM spheroids underwent immunohistochemistry for melanoma markers, nuclear BAP1, and cell proliferation. Chromosomal alterations in patient UM biopsies were compared with the corresponding 3D spheroid. In vitro drug assays testing doxorubicin and selumetinib assessed drug penetration and toxicity after 48 hours using imaging and the CellTiter-Glo 3D Cell Viability Assay. Results All six UM cell lines formed spheroids of varying sizes and compactness; six of the nine PUM samples (67%) also formed spheroids, composed of MelanA+ proliferating melanocytes and admixed macrophages. PUM spheroids were genetically identical to the original sampled tumor. In vitro drug assays showed varying penetrations into UM cell line spheroids, with doxorubicin passing into the spheroid core and selumetinib having an effect largely on peripheral cells. Both drugs caused a dose-dependent reduction in viability of 3D spheroid cells. Conclusions UM cell lines and PUM samples can successfully generate uniform 3D spheroids. PUM spheroids retain histological and genetic characteristics of the primary tumor. 3D spheroids are an important system for use in future high-throughput drug testing. Translational Relevance The use of 3D spheroids allows early-phase drug screening and is an important first step toward treatment personalization for UM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Aughton
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Haleh Shahidipour
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luna Djirackor
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Liverpool Ocular Oncology Research Group, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, Liverpool University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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29
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Bustamante P, Piquet L, Landreville S, Burnier JV. Uveal melanoma pathobiology: Metastasis to the liver. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 71:65-85. [PMID: 32450140 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a type of intraocular tumor with a propensity to disseminate to the liver. Despite the identification of the early driver mutations during the development of the pathology, the process of UM metastasis is still not fully comprehended. A better understanding of the genetic, molecular, and environmental factors participating to its spread and metastatic outgrowth could provide additional approaches for UM treatment. In this review, we will discuss the advances made towards the understanding of the pathogenesis of metastatic UM, summarize the current and prospective treatments, and introduce some of the ongoing research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Bustamante
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Léo Piquet
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; CUO-Recherche and Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Solange Landreville
- Département d'ophtalmologie et d'ORL-CCF, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; CUO-Recherche and Axe médecine régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada; Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Julia V Burnier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Canada; Experimental Pathology Unit, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department Of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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30
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Figueiredo CR, Kalirai H, Sacco JJ, Azevedo RA, Duckworth A, Slupsky JR, Coulson JM, Coupland SE. Loss of BAP1 expression is associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment in uveal melanoma, with implications for immunotherapy development. J Pathol 2020; 250:420-439. [PMID: 31960425 PMCID: PMC7216965 DOI: 10.1002/path.5384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) induces durable responses in many metastatic cancers. Metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM), typically occurring in the liver, is one of the most refractory tumours to ICIs and has dismal outcomes. Monosomy 3 (M3), polysomy 8q, and BAP1 loss in primary uveal melanoma (pUM) are associated with poor prognoses. The presence of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within pUM and surrounding mUM - and some evidence of clinical responses to adoptive TIL transfer - strongly suggests that UMs are indeed immunogenic despite their low mutational burden. The mechanisms that suppress TILs in pUM and mUM are unknown. We show that BAP1 loss is correlated with upregulation of several genes associated with suppressive immune responses, some of which build an immune suppressive axis, including HLA-DR, CD38, and CD74. Further, single-cell analysis of pUM by mass cytometry confirmed the expression of these and other markers revealing important functions of infiltrating immune cells in UM, most being regulatory CD8+ T lymphocytes and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). Transcriptomic analysis of hepatic mUM revealed similar immune profiles to pUM with BAP1 loss, including the expression of IDO1. At the protein level, we observed TAMs and TILs entrapped within peritumoural fibrotic areas surrounding mUM, with increased expression of IDO1, PD-L1, and β-catenin (CTNNB1), suggesting tumour-driven immune exclusion and hence the immunotherapy resistance. These findings aid the understanding of how the immune response is organised in BAP1 - mUM, which will further enable functional validation of detected biomarkers and the development of focused immunotherapeutic approaches. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Figueiredo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Department of the Faculty of Medicine, MediCity Research Laboratory and Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Helen Kalirai
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Joseph J Sacco
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Department of Medical OncologyThe Clatterbridge Cancer CentreWirralUK
| | - Ricardo A Azevedo
- Department of Cancer BiologyThe University of Texas–MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA
| | - Andrew Duckworth
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Joseph R Slupsky
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Judy M Coulson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular PhysiologyUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Sarah E Coupland
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, ITMUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
- Liverpool Clinical LaboratoriesRoyal Liverpool University HospitalLiverpoolUK
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31
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Bande Rodríguez MF, Fernandez Marta B, Lago Baameiro N, Santiago-Varela M, Silva-Rodríguez P, Blanco-Teijeiro MJ, Pardo Perez M, Piñeiro Ces A. Blood Biomarkers of Uveal Melanoma: Current Perspectives. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:157-169. [PMID: 32021081 PMCID: PMC6980862 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s199064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of metastases in patients with a diagnosis of uveal melanoma (UM) is a controversial issue. While only 1% of the patients have detectable metastases at the time of diagnosis, up to 30% of them will develop liver metastases within 5 years of treatment. UM spreads hematogenously, therefore, blood biomarkers may be helpful for prognosis and monitoring the disease progression. Despite the great progress achieved thanks to the genetic analysis of UM biopsies, this is an invasive technique and is limited by the heterogeneity of the tumor. The present review considers the current understanding in the field regarding biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of UM and its metastasis, primarily to the liver. General covered topics include non-conventional markers such as proteins previously identified in cutaneous melanoma and UM cell lines, circulating tumor cells, microRNAs (miRNA), and circulating DNA, and how each may be critical in the development of novel blood biomarkers for UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel F Bande Rodríguez
- Unidad de Retina Quirúrgica y Tumores Intraoculares del Adulto (URQTIA), Servicio de Oftalmología Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernandez Marta
- Unidad de Retina Quirúrgica y Tumores Intraoculares del Adulto (URQTIA), Servicio de Oftalmología Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nerea Lago Baameiro
- Grupo Obesidómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Santiago-Varela
- Unidad de Retina Quirúrgica y Tumores Intraoculares del Adulto (URQTIA), Servicio de Oftalmología Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paula Silva-Rodríguez
- Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Clinical University Hospital, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela 15705, Spain
| | - María Jose Blanco-Teijeiro
- Unidad de Retina Quirúrgica y Tumores Intraoculares del Adulto (URQTIA), Servicio de Oftalmología Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Pardo Perez
- Grupo Obesidómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Antonio Piñeiro Ces
- Unidad de Retina Quirúrgica y Tumores Intraoculares del Adulto (URQTIA), Servicio de Oftalmología Xerencia de Xestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Tumores Intraoculares en el Adulto, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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32
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Hood JL. Natural melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:251-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Zadeh-Esmaeel MM, Shahrokh S, Zamanian Azodi M, Ahmadi N. The Highlighted Role of GAPDH and Nitric-Oxide Synthase Regulator Activity in Proton Beam Irradiated Melanoma BLM Cells. J Lasers Med Sci 2019; 10:S68-S72. [PMID: 32021677 PMCID: PMC6983863 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2019.s13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The human melanoma is a type of invasive tumor the treatment of which is challenging. To better understand the proton irradiation mechanisms as one of the widely applied therapy for this type of cancer, bioinformatics analysis of proteomics outcome could be beneficial. Methods: Protein-protein interaction network analysis of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) of melanoma BLM (BRO lung metastasis) cells in the treatment of 3 Gy dosage proton therapy was performed in this study via Cytoscape V.3.7.2. and its integrated plug-ins. Results: Eighteen DEPs were searched for network constructions and limited numbers of query +neighbor proteins were found central. The hub-bottlenecks (i.e. central nodes) were GAPDH, ACTB, ALB, AKT1, TP53, and EGFR. The fist mentioned proteins were from DEPs. The enrichment analysis of these elements identified nitric-oxide synthase regulator activity and the positive regulation of the norepinephrine uptake that may be the key to the mechanisms of proton therapy. Conclusion: In conclusion, the identified central nodes (EGFR, TP53, ALB, AKT1, GAPDH, and ACTB) and the related biological terms are the critical affected genes and biological terms in the irradiated melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Mehdi Zadeh-Esmaeel
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Zamanian Azodi
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nayebali Ahmadi
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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34
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Basile MS, Mazzon E, Fagone P, Longo A, Russo A, Fallico M, Bonfiglio V, Nicoletti F, Avitabile T, Reibaldi M. Immunobiology of Uveal Melanoma: State of the Art and Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1145. [PMID: 31750244 PMCID: PMC6848265 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal Melanoma (UM) represents the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults. Although it originates from melanocytes as cutaneous melanoma, it shows significant clinical and biological differences with the latter, including high resistance to immune therapy. Indeed, UM can evade immune surveillance via multiple mechanisms, such as the expression of inhibitory checkpoints (e.g., PD-L1, CD47, CD200) and the production of IDO-1 and soluble FasL, among others. More in-depth understanding of these mechanisms will suggest potential targets for the design of novel and more effective management strategies for UM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sofia Basile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Longo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Fallico
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Michele Reibaldi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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35
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Uveal melanoma: Towards a molecular understanding. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 75:100800. [PMID: 31563544 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is an aggressive malignancy that originates from melanocytes in the eye. Even if the primary tumor has been successfully treated with radiation or surgery, up to half of all UM patients will eventually develop metastatic disease. Despite the common origin from neural crest-derived cells, uveal and cutaneous melanoma have few overlapping genetic signatures and uveal melanoma has been shown to have a lower mutational burden. As a consequence, many therapies that have proven effective in cutaneous melanoma -such as immunotherapy- have little or no success in uveal melanoma. Several independent studies have recently identified the underlying genetic aberrancies in uveal melanoma, which allow improved tumor classification and prognostication of metastatic disease. In most cases, activating mutations in the Gα11/Q pathway drive uveal melanoma oncogenesis, whereas mutations in the BAP1, SF3B1 or EIF1AX genes predict progression towards metastasis. Intriguingly, the composition of chromosomal anomalies of chromosome 3, 6 and 8, shown to correlate with an adverse outcome, are distinctive in the BAP1mut, SF3B1mut and EIF1AXmut uveal melanoma subtypes. Expression profiling and epigenetic studies underline this subdivision in high-, intermediate-, or low-metastatic risk subgroups and suggest a different approach in the future towards prevention and/or treatment based on the specific mutation present in the tumor of the patients. In this review we discuss the current knowledge of the underlying genetic events that lead to uveal melanoma, their implication for the disease course and prognosis, as well as the therapeutic possibilities that arise from targeting these different aberrant pathways.
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36
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Berning L, Scharf L, Aplak E, Stucki D, von Montfort C, Reichert AS, Stahl W, Brenneisen P. In vitro selective cytotoxicity of the dietary chalcone cardamonin (CD) on melanoma compared to healthy cells is mediated by apoptosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222267. [PMID: 31553748 PMCID: PMC6760786 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of cancer and the deadliest form of skin cancer. Even though enormous efforts have been undertaken, in particular the treatment options against the metastasizing form are challenging and the prognosis is generally poor. A novel therapeutical approach is the application of secondary plant constituents occurring in food and food products. Herein, the effect of the dietary chalcone cardamonin, inter alia found in Alpinia species, was tested using human malignant melanoma cells. These data were compared to cardamonin treated normal melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts representing healthy cells. To investigate the impact of cardamonin on tumor and normal cells, it was added to monolayer cell cultures and cytotoxicity, proliferation, tumor invasion, and apoptosis were studied with appropriate cell biological and biochemical methods. Cardamonin treatment resulted in an apoptosis-mediated increase in cytotoxicity towards tumor cells, a decrease in their proliferation rate, and a lowered invasive capacity, whereas the viability of melanocytes and fibroblasts was hardly affected at such concentrations. A selective cytotoxic effect of cardamonin on melanoma cells compared to normal (healthy) cells was shown in vitro. This study along with others highlights that dietary chalcones may be a valuable tool in anticancer therapies which has to be proven in the future in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Berning
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lisa Scharf
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elif Aplak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Stucki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Claudia von Montfort
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S. Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter Brenneisen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Surman M, Hoja-Łukowicz D, Szwed S, Kędracka-Krok S, Jankowska U, Kurtyka M, Drożdż A, Lityńska A, Stępień E, Przybyło M. An Insight into the Proteome of Uveal Melanoma-Derived Ectosomes Reveals the Presence of Potentially Useful Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153789. [PMID: 31382537 PMCID: PMC6695883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are known to release extracellular vesicles that often promote disease development and progression. The present study investigated the protein content and glycosylation pattern of ectosomes released in vitro by a human primary uveal melanoma Mel202 cell line. Ectosomes released by Mel202 cells were isolated from conditioned media using sequential centrifugation, and a nano-LC-MS/MS approach was used to determine their protein content. Subsequently, proteins from ectosomes, the whole cell extracts, and the membrane fractions were probed with a panel of lectins using Western blotting and flow cytometry to reveal characteristic glycan structures. As many as 2527 unique proteins were identified, and many of them are known to be involved in cancer cell proliferation and altered metabolism, tumor invasion, metastasis, or drug resistance. Lectin-based studies revealed a distinct glycosylation pattern between Mel202-derived ectosomes and the parental cell membranes. Selective enrichment of ectosomal proteins with bisected complex type N-glycans and α2,6-linked sialic acids may be significant for ectosome formation and sequestration. Differences in the surface glycosylation of Mel202 cells and ectosomes supports recent findings that the budding of ectosomes occurs within strictly determined fragments of the plasma membrane, and thus ectosomes contain a unique protein and glycan composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Hoja-Łukowicz
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sabina Szwed
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Kędracka-Krok
- Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Jankowska
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kurtyka
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Drożdż
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Lityńska
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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Piquet L, Dewit L, Schoonjans N, Millet M, Bérubé J, Gerges PRA, Bordeleau F, Landreville S. Synergic Interactions Between Hepatic Stellate Cells and Uveal Melanoma in Metastatic Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081043. [PMID: 31344830 PMCID: PMC6721369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a malignant intraocular tumor that spreads to the liver in half of the cases. Since hepatic cells could play a role in the therapeutic resistance of metastatic UM, the purpose of our study was to investigate the pro-invasive role of hepatic stellate cells (HSteCs) in metastatic UM at the micro- and macro-metastatic stages. We first performed an immunostaining with the alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) to localize activated HSteCs in UM liver macro-metastases from four patients. Their accumulation of collagen was assessed with Masson’s Trichrome stain. Next, we inoculated metastatic UM cells alone or with human HSteCs in triple-immunodeficient mice, in order to determine if HSteCs are recruited as early as the micro-metastatic stage. The growth of metastatic foci was imaged in the liver by ex vivo fluorescence imaging. Histological analyses were performed with Masson’s Trichrome and Picrosirius Red stains, and antibodies against Melan-A and αSMA. The collagen content was measured in xenografts by quantitative polarization microscopy. In patient hepatectomy samples, activated HSteCs and their pathological matrix were localized surrounding the malignant lesions. In the mouse xenograft model, the number of hepatic metastases was increased when human HSteCs were co-inoculated. Histological analyses revealed a significant recruitment of HSteCs near the micro/macrolesions, and an increase in fibrillar collagen production. Our results show that HSteCs can provide a permissive microenvironment and might increase the therapeutic resistance of metastatic UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Piquet
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Louise Dewit
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Nathan Schoonjans
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Martial Millet
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Julie Bérubé
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Peter R A Gerges
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
| | - François Bordeleau
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
| | - Solange Landreville
- Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada.
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Surman M, Stępień E, Przybyło M. Melanoma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Focus on Their Proteome. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7020021. [PMID: 31086060 PMCID: PMC6630787 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, and its incidence is increasing rapidly each year. Despite the extensive research into improved diagnostic and treatment methods, early detection and disease constraint still present significant challenges. As successful isolation protocols have been developed, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have become the subject of extensive investigation in terms of their role in cancer progression and as a possible source of disease biomarkers. Besides functional studies, quantitative and qualitative proteomics have recently emerged as promising tools for the advancement of melanoma biomarkers. Nevertheless, the amount of data concerning the proteome of melanoma-derived EVs is still very limited. In this review we cover the current knowledge on protein content of melanoma-derived EVs, with a focus on their potential role in the development and progression of melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Surman
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Department of Medical Physics, M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Przybyło
- Department of Glycoconjugate Biochemistry, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Babchia N, Landreville S, Clément B, Coulouarn C, Mouriaux F. The bidirectional crosstalk between metastatic uveal melanoma cells and hepatic stellate cells engenders an inflammatory microenvironment. Exp Eye Res 2019; 181:213-222. [PMID: 30771295 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common primary ocular neoplasm in adults. It is peculiar for its hematogenous dissemination and its high propensity to spread to the liver. Current treatments rarely prolong patient survival. We hypothesized that metastatic uveal melanoma cells modulate the function of surrounding hepatic stellate cells to facilitate their own growth and survival. This study was conducted to investigate the role of the hepatic microenvironment on uveal melanoma aggressiveness. We demonstrated that the paracrine signaling of surrounding hepatic stellate cells have more transcriptional impact on metastatic uveal melanoma cells. Upregulated transcripts were linked to inflammation and included several interleukins. The uveal melanoma-stellate cell crosstalk induced as well the expression of transmembrane integrins. In addition, the interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor Tocilizumab did not reduce the growth of uveal melanoma cells. Our results provide evidence that inflammatory mediators are key players in the homing of uveal melanoma cells to the liver. The bidirectional crosstalk between uveal melanoma cells and hepatic stellate cells involved pro-fibrogenic interleukins. The inflammatory characteristics of the metastatic microenvironment might offer relevant therapeutic opportunities in uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Babchia
- Inserm, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 1241, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
| | - Solange Landreville
- Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre Universitaire d'ophtalmologie-Recherche and Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Canada
| | - Bruno Clément
- Inserm, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 1241, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Inserm, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 1241, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Mouriaux
- Inserm, Université de Rennes 1, UMR 1241, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France; Département d'ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre Universitaire d'ophtalmologie-Recherche and Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Canada; Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU de Rennes, Rennes, France.
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Shender VO, Arapidi GP, Pavlyukov MS, Shnaider PV, Anufrieva KS, Stepanov GA, Govorun VM. The Role of Intercellular Communication in Cancer Progression. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162018040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Zhang J, Lu S, Zhou Y, Meng K, Chen Z, Cui Y, Shi Y, Wang T, He QY. Motile hepatocellular carcinoma cells preferentially secret sugar metabolism regulatory proteins via exosomes. Proteomics 2017; 17. [PMID: 28590090 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201700103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are deliverers of critically functional proteins, capable of transforming target cells in numerous cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We hypothesize that the motility of HCC cells can be featured by comparative proteome of exosomes. Hence, we performed the super-SILAC-based MS analysis on the exosomes secreted by three human HCC cell lines, including the non-motile Hep3B cell, and the motile 97H and LM3 cells. More than 1400 exosomal proteins were confidently quantified in each MS analysis with highly biological reproducibility. We justified that 469 and 443 exosomal proteins represented differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the 97H/Hep3B and LM3/Hep3B comparisons, respectively. These DEPs focused on sugar metabolism-centric canonical pathways per ingenuity pathway analysis, which was consistent with the gene ontology analysis on biological process enrichment. These pathways included glycolysis I, gluconeogenesis I and pentose phosphate pathways; and the DEPs enriched in these pathways could form a tightly connected network. By analyzing the relative abundance of proteins and translating mRNAs, we found significantly positive correlation between exosomes and cells. The involved exosomal proteins were again focusing on sugar metabolism. In conclusion, motile HCC cells tend to preferentially export more sugar metabolism-associated proteins via exosomes that differentiate them from non-motile HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Kun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yizhi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Crépin R, Gentien D, Duché A, Rapinat A, Reyes C, Némati F, Massonnet G, Decaudin D, Djender S, Moutel S, Desrumeaux K, Cassoux N, Piperno-Neumann S, Amigorena S, Perez F, Roman-Roman S, de Marco A. Nanobodies against surface biomarkers enable the analysis of tumor genetic heterogeneity in uveal melanoma patient-derived xenografts. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:317-327. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Crépin
- Tumor Target and Therapeutic Antibody - Identification Platform (TAb-IP); Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - David Gentien
- Translational Research Department; Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Angeline Duché
- Translational Research Department; Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Audrey Rapinat
- Translational Research Department; Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Cecile Reyes
- Translational Research Department; Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Fariba Némati
- Translational Research Department; Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Gérald Massonnet
- Translational Research Department; Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Didier Decaudin
- Translational Research Department; Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris France
- Medical Oncology Department; Institut Curie; Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Selma Djender
- Tumor Target and Therapeutic Antibody - Identification Platform (TAb-IP); Paris Cedex 05 France
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris Cedex 05 France
| | - Sandrine Moutel
- Translational Research Department; Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris France
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris Cedex 05 France
- UMR144; Institut Curie; Paris France
| | - Klervi Desrumeaux
- Tumor Target and Therapeutic Antibody - Identification Platform (TAb-IP); Paris Cedex 05 France
| | | | | | - Sebastian Amigorena
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris Cedex 05 France
- INSERM Unit 932; Paris cedex 05 France
- SIRIC INCa-DGOS-4654; Paris France
- CIC IGR Curie 1428; Paris France
| | - Franck Perez
- Tumor Target and Therapeutic Antibody - Identification Platform (TAb-IP); Paris Cedex 05 France
- Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris Cedex 05 France
- UMR144; Institut Curie; Paris France
| | - Sergio Roman-Roman
- Translational Research Department; Institut Curie; PSL Research University; Paris France
| | - Ario de Marco
- Tumor Target and Therapeutic Antibody - Identification Platform (TAb-IP); Paris Cedex 05 France
- SIRIC INCa-DGOS-4654; Paris France
- CIC IGR Curie 1428; Paris France
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering; University of Nova Gorica (UNG); Vipava Slovenia
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