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White KE, Bailey HL, Shaw BS, Geiszler PC, Mesquita-Ribeiro R, Scott D, Layfield R, Serres S. A convenient model of serum-induced reactivity of human astrocytes to investigate astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1414142. [PMID: 38915876 PMCID: PMC11195030 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1414142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by all cells in the CNS, including neurons and astrocytes. EVs are lipid membrane enclosed particles loaded with various bioactive cargoes reflecting the dynamic activities of cells of origin. In contrast to neurons, the specific role of EVs released by astrocytes is less well understood, partly due to the difficulty in maintaining primary astrocyte cultures in a quiescent state. The aim of this study was to establish a human serum-free astrocyte culture system that maintains primary astrocytes in a quiescent state to study the morphology, function, and protein cargoes of astrocyte-derived EVs. Serum-free medium with G5 supplement and serum-supplemented medium with 2% FBS were compared for the culture of commercially available human primary fetal astrocytes. Serum-free astrocytes displayed morphologies similar to in vivo astrocytes, and surprisingly, higher levels of astrocyte markers compared to astrocytes chronically cultured in FBS. In contrast, astrocyte and inflammatory markers in serum-free astrocytes were upregulated 24 h after either acute 2% FBS or cytokine exposure, confirming their capacity to become reactive. Importantly, this suggests that distinct signaling pathways are involved in acute and chronic astrocyte reactivity. Despite having a similar morphology, chronically serum-cultured astrocyte-derived EVs (ADEVs) were smaller in size compared to serum-free ADEVs and could reactivate serum-free astrocytes. Proteomic analysis identified distinct protein datasets for both types of ADEVs with enrichment of complement and coagulation cascades for chronically serum-cultured astrocyte-derived EVs, offering insights into their roles in the CNS. Collectively, these results suggest that human primary astrocytes cultured in serum-free medium bear similarities with in vivo quiescent astrocytes and the addition of serum induces multiple morphological and transcriptional changes that are specific to human reactive astrocytes and their ADEVs. Thus, more emphasis should be made on using multiple structural, molecular, and functional parameters when evaluating ADEVs as biomarkers of astrocyte health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E. White
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah L. Bailey
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Barry S. Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Daniel Scott
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Layfield
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Serres
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- The David Greenfield Human Physiology Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Rivera-Ramos A, Cruz-Hernández L, Talaverón R, Sánchez-Montero MT, García-Revilla J, Mulero-Acevedo M, Deierborg T, Venero JL, Sarmiento Soto M. Galectin-3 depletion tames pro-tumoural microglia and restrains cancer cells growth. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216879. [PMID: 38636895 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional protein that plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of various central nervous system diseases, including cancer. Although the involvement of Gal-3 in tumour progression, resistance to treatment and immunosuppression has long been studied in different cancer types, mainly outside the central nervous system, its elevated expression in myeloid and glial cells underscores its profound impact on the brain's immune response. In this context, microglia and infiltrating macrophages, the predominant non-cancerous cells within the tumour microenvironment, play critical roles in establishing an immunosuppressive milieu in diverse brain tumours. Through the utilisation of primary cell cultures and immortalised microglial cell lines, we have elucidated the central role of Gal-3 in promoting cancer cell migration, invasion, and an immunosuppressive microglial phenotypic activation. Furthermore, employing two distinct in vivo models encompassing primary (glioblastoma) and secondary brain tumours (breast cancer brain metastasis), our histological and transcriptomic analysis show that Gal-3 depletion triggers a robust pro-inflammatory response within the tumour microenvironment, notably based on interferon-related pathways. Interestingly, this response is prominently observed in tumour-associated microglia and macrophages (TAMs), resulting in the suppression of cancer cells growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rivera-Ramos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Cruz-Hernández
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Talaverón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Teresa Sánchez-Montero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan García-Revilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marta Mulero-Acevedo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - José Luis Venero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBiS/Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain.
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3
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da Silva SF, Murta EF, Michelin MA. ICAM2 is related to good prognosis in dendritic cell immunotherapy for cancer. Immunotherapy 2024; 16:173-185. [PMID: 38126167 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2021-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the behavior of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 in dendritic cell (DC) immunotherapy. Materials & methods: 88 female Balb/c mice were divided into experimental groups. Tumors and lymph nodes were evaluated 7 and 14 days after immunotherapy. Results: Higher mean fluorescence intensity of ICAM-1 in the lymph nodes and tumors in the tumor group at 14 days was observed. Higher mean fluorescence intensity of ICAM-2 in the tumor DC vaccine group was observed after 14 days. A positive correlation was observed in the lymph nodes with ICAM-1 against tumoral volume in the tumor group. A negative correlation was found between ICAM-2 and tumoral volume in the lymph nodes of the tumor group. Conclusion: An increase in ICAM-2 in tumor DC vaccine and a decrease in ICAM-1 suggests the DC vaccine positively influences the immune system and that ICAM-2 could be a marker of good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saulo Fm da Silva
- Oncology Research Institute (IPON), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Eddie Fc Murta
- Oncology Research Institute (IPON), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, 38.025-350, Brazil
| | - Márcia A Michelin
- Oncology Research Institute (IPON), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, Brazil
- Immunology Discipline, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, MG, 38.025-500, Brazil
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Buck J, Perez‐Balderas F, Zarghami N, Johanssen V, Khrapitchev AA, Larkin JR, Sibson NR. Imaging angiogenesis in an intracerebrally induced model of brain macrometastasis using α v β 3 -targeted iron oxide microparticles. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4948. [PMID: 37038086 PMCID: PMC10909432 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is responsible for a large proportion of cancer mortality, and there are currently no effective treatments. Moreover, the impact of treatments, particularly antiangiogenic therapeutics, is difficult to ascertain using current magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods. Imaging of the angiogenic vasculature has been successfully carried out in solid tumours using microparticles of iron oxide (MPIO) conjugated to a Arg-Gly-Asp peptide (RGD) targeting integrin αv β3 . The aim of this study was to determine whether RGD-MPIO could be used to identify angiogenic blood vessels in brain metastases in vivo. A mouse model of intracerebrally implanted brain macrometastasis was established through intracerebral injection of 4T1-GFP cells. T2 *-weighted imaging was used to visualise MPIO-induced hypointense voxels in vivo, and Prussian blue staining was used to visualise MPIO and endogenous iron histologically ex vivo. The RGD-MPIO showed target-specific binding in vivo, but the sensitivity of the agent for visualising angiogenic vessels per se was reduced by the presence of endogenous iron-laden macrophages in larger metastases, resulting in pre-existing hypointense areas within the tumour. Further, our data suggest that peptide-targeted MPIO, but not antibody-targeted MPIO, are taken up by perivascular macrophages within the macrometastatic microenvironment, resulting in additional nonspecific contrast. While pre-MPIO imaging will circumvent the issues surrounding pre-existing hypointensities and enable detection of specific contrast, our preliminary findings suggest that the use of antibodies rather than peptides as the targeting ligand may represent a preferable route forward for new angiogenesis-targeted molecular MRI agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Buck
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Francisco Perez‐Balderas
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Niloufar Zarghami
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Vanessa Johanssen
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Alexandre A. Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - James R. Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Xue C, Gao Y, Sun Z, Li X, Zhang M, Yang Y, Han Q, Bai C, Zhao RC. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue accelerate the progression of colon cancer by inducing a MTCAF phenotype via ICAM1/STAT3/AKT axis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837781. [PMID: 36016615 PMCID: PMC9398219 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the risk of colon cancer is greatly increased in people with obesity, and fat content in colorectal cancer tissue is increased in people with obesity. As an important part of tumor microenvironment, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are also another important source of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which may be one of the important mechanisms of affecting tumor progression. However, the mechanism is poorly defined. In the present study, CAFs were transformed from MSCs [MSC-transformed CAFs (MTCAFs)] by co-culturing with HCT116 cells. Bioinformatics and Western blotting analysis indicated a positive correlation between intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and the progression of colon cancer. In clinical colon cancer specimens, we found that ICAM-1 was highly expressed and related to shorter disease-free survival, which might act as an indication for the progression of clinical colon cancer. Our data showed that ICAM-1 secreted from MTCAFs could positively promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer cells by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT) signaling and that blocking ICAM-1 in MTCAFs reversed these effects. We further verified that ICAM-1 secreted from MTCAFs promoted tumor progression in vivo. Taken together, ICAM-1 plays a critical role in regulating tumor growth and metastasis, which could be a potential therapeutic target in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Han, ; Chunmei Bai, ; Robert Chunhua Zhao,
| | - Chunmei Bai
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Han, ; Chunmei Bai, ; Robert Chunhua Zhao,
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qin Han, ; Chunmei Bai, ; Robert Chunhua Zhao,
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6
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Boyle AJ, Narvaez A, Tong J, Zoghbi SS, Pike VW, Innis RB, Vasdev N. Repurposing [ 11C]MC1 for PET Imaging of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Mouse Models. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:365-370. [PMID: 34766247 PMCID: PMC9670325 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a target for inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). This study evaluated the COX-2 neuro-PET radiopharmaceutical, [11C]MC1, in CRC xenograft mice. PROCEDURES [11C]MC1 was evaluated in ICRscid mice with HT-29 and HCT-116 CRC xenografts, with high and low COX-2 expression, respectively, by immunohistochemistry, cellular uptake, dynamic PET/MR imaging, ex vivo biodistribution, and radiometabolite analysis. RESULTS HT-29 xenografts were well visualized with [11C]MC1 using PET/MR. Time-activity curves revealed steady tumor radioactivity accumulation in HT-29 xenografts that plateaued from 40 to 60 min (3.07 ± 0.65 %ID/g) and was significantly reduced by pre-treatment with MC1 or celecoxib (1.62 ± 0.29 and 1.18 ± 0.21 %ID/g, respectively, p = 0.045 and p = 0.005). Radiometabolite analysis showed that [11C]MC1 accounted for >90 % of tumor radioactivity, with <10 % in plasma, at 40 min post-injection of the radiotracer. CONCLUSIONS [11C]MC1 is a promising PET imaging agent for COX-2 in CRC and translation for cancer research should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Boyle
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Andrea Narvaez
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Victor W Pike
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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7
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Therapeutic Influence on Important Targets Associated with Chronic Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236062. [PMID: 34885171 PMCID: PMC8657135 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary There is no doubt that the need for new effective methods of cancer treatment remains challenging, as cancer is the second cause of death based on the number of cases in the world. In this review, we investigated the role of one of the leading determinants in the development and progression of various types of cancer—oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as clinical and experimental data from the studies of promising drugs of natural origin, such as flavonoids, that target these stages of oncogenesis. This can all help in the expansion and systematization of the existing knowledge regarding the fight against cancer, the facilitation of the development of effective anti-cancer drugs, and the progression of research in this field, in order to improve the treatment of these disorders. Abstract Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are the interconnected pathological processes, which lead to cancer initiation and progression. The growing level of oxidative and inflammatory damage was shown to increase cancer severity and contribute to tumor spread. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is associated with the reduced capacity of the endogenous cell defense mechanisms and/or metabolic imbalance, is the main contributor to oxidative stress. An abnormal level of ROS was defined as a predisposing factor for the cell transformation that could trigger pro-oncogenic signaling pathways, induce changes in gene expression, and facilitate accumulation of mutations, DNA damage, and genomic instability. Additionally, the activation of transcription factors caused by a prolonged oxidative stress, including NF-κB, p53, HIF1α, etc., leads to the expression of several genes responsible for inflammation. The resulting hyperactivation of inflammatory mediators, including TNFα, TGF-β, interleukins, and prostaglandins can contribute to the development of neoplasia. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were shown to trigger adaptive reactions and the acquisition of resistance by tumor cells to apoptosis, while promoting proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Moreover, the chronic inflammatory response leads to the excessive production of free radicals, which further aggravate the initiated reactions. This review summarizes the recent data and progress in the discovery of mechanisms that associate oxidative stress and chronic inflammation with cancer onset and metastasis. In addition, the review provides insights for the development of therapeutic approaches and the discovery of natural substances that will be able to simultaneously inhibit several key oncological and inflammation-related targets.
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Suryanti S, Agustina H, Aziz A, Yulianti H, Suryawathy B, Putri L. High Immunoexpression of COX-2 as a Metastatic Risk Factor in ccRCC without PD-L1 Involvement. Res Rep Urol 2021; 13:623-630. [PMID: 34466408 PMCID: PMC8403071 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s324510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most lethal type of malignancy of the urinary tract system as it is resistant to chemotherapy and radiation and has a survival rate of less than 5% in cases of metastasis. Inflammation plays an essential role in the metastasis of ccRCC. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inflammatory protein that affects the processes of carcinogenesis, invasion, migration, metastasis, and angiogenesis. COX-2 can modulate programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression and play a role in immune evasion, meaning that tumor cells are able to escape the body’s immune response and more easily metastasize. Purpose This study aims to determine the role of COX-2 and PD-L1 in the occurrence of ccRCC metastases. Materials and Methods This study is an observational analytical study, which employed a cross-sectional approach to examine the paraffin block samples of 40 ccRCC cases from Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, between 2014 and 2021. Immunoexpression was measured using immunohistochemical staining for COX-2 in tumor cells and for PD-L1 in immune cells. PD-L1 calculation was measured using Qupath 0.2.3. digital software. Metastatic data were obtained using radiological imaging and pathological examinations. Meanwhile, the data were analyzed using the chi-square test for COX-2 and Fischer’s exact test for PD-L1. Results The research results revealed a significant association between COX-2 and the occurrence of metastases in ccRCC (p=0.001) with a prevalence odds ratio of 10.28. Positive PD-L1 immunoexpression of the immune cells (≥1%) was found in 14% (3/21) of the metastatic group and 5% (1/19) of the non-metastatic group (p=0.607). There was no association between COX-2 and PD-L1 immunoexpression (p=0.278). Conclusion This study shows that metastases in ccRCC patients are ten times as likely to be associated with high COX-2 immunoexpression than low COX-2 immunoexpression. COX-2 plays a role in the process of ccRCC metastasis without PD-L1 involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Suryanti
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Hasrayati Agustina
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Afiati Aziz
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Herry Yulianti
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bethy Suryawathy
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Lestari Putri
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
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Corroyer-Dulmont A, Jaudet C, Frelin AM, Fantin J, Weyts K, Vallis KA, Falzone N, Sibson NR, Chérel M, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Batalla A, Bardet S, Bernaudin M, Valable S. Radioimmunotherapy for Brain Metastases: The Potential for Inflammation as a Target of Choice. Front Oncol 2021; 11:714514. [PMID: 34504791 PMCID: PMC8423367 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.714514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are frequently detected during the follow-up of patients with malignant tumors, particularly in those with advanced disease. Despite a major progress in systemic anti-cancer treatments, the average overall survival of these patients remains limited (6 months from diagnosis). Also, cognitive decline is regularly reported especially in patients treated with whole brain external beam radiotherapy (WBRT), due to the absorbed radiation dose in healthy brain tissue. New targeted therapies, for an earlier and/or more specific treatment of the tumor and its microenvironment, are needed. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT), a combination of a radionuclide to a specific antibody, appears to be a promising tool. Inflammation, which is involved in multiple steps, including the early phase, of BM development is attractive as a relevant target for RIT. This review will focus on the (1) early biomarkers of inflammation in BM pertinent for RIT, (2) state of the art studies on RIT for BM, and (3) the importance of dosimetry to RIT in BM. These two last points will be addressed in comparison to the conventional EBRT treatment, particularly with respect to the balance between tumor control and healthy tissue complications. Finally, because new diagnostic imaging techniques show a potential for the detection of BM at an early stage of the disease, we focus particularly on this therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Cyril Jaudet
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Anne-Marie Frelin
- Grand accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France
| | - Jade Fantin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Kathleen Weyts
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- Medical Research Council, Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Medical Research Council, Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Chérel
- Team 13-Nuclear Oncology, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré
- Team 13-Nuclear Oncology, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes University, Nantes, France
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Batalla
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Bardet
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
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Soca-Chafre G, Avila-Vásquez H, Rueda-Romero C, Huerta-García E, Márquez-Ramírez SG, Ramos-Godinez P, López-Marure R, Alfaro-Moreno E, Montiel-Dávalos A. Airborne particulate matter upregulates expression of early and late adhesion molecules and their receptors in a lung adenocarcinoma cell line. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 198:111242. [PMID: 33933488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence associates chronic exposure to particulate matter (PM) with respiratory damage and lung cancer. Inhaled PM may induce systemic effects including inflammation and metastasis. This study evaluated whether PM induces expression of adhesion molecules in lung cancer cells promoting interaction with monocytes. METHODS The expression of early and late adhesion molecules and their receptors was evaluated in A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cells using a wide range of concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. Then we evaluated cellular adhesion between A549 cells and U937 (human monocytes) cells after PM exposure. RESULTS We found higher expression of both early and late adhesion molecules and their ligands in lung adenocarcinoma cells exposed to PM2.5 and PM10 particles present in the air pollution at Mexico City from 0.03 μg/cm2 with a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). PM10 had stronger effect than PM2.5. Both PM also stimulated cellular adhesion between tumor cells and monocytes. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a comprehensive expression profile of adhesion molecules and their ligands upregulated by PM2.5 and PM10 in A549 cells. Additionally these particles induced cellular adhesion of lung cancer cells to monocytes. This highlights possible implications of PM in two cancer hallmarks i.e. inflammation and metastasis, underlying the high cancer mortality associated with air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanny Soca-Chafre
- Basic Research Division, National Cancer Institute (INCAN), San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City (CDMX), Mexico.
| | - Herminia Avila-Vásquez
- Basic Research Division, National Cancer Institute (INCAN), San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City (CDMX), Mexico.
| | - Cristhiam Rueda-Romero
- Basic Research Division, National Cancer Institute (INCAN), San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City (CDMX), Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Huerta-García
- Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Méndez, Autonomous Juárez University of Tabasco, Mexico.
| | | | - Pilar Ramos-Godinez
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Pathology, INCAN, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", CDMX, Mexico.
| | | | - Angélica Montiel-Dávalos
- Basic Research Division, National Cancer Institute (INCAN), San Fernando 22, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City (CDMX), Mexico.
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11
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Zhu J, Kong W, Xie Z. Expression and Prognostic Characteristics of Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115652. [PMID: 34073365 PMCID: PMC8199073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death, which occurs with iron dependence. Previous studies have showed that ferroptosis plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Colon cancer is one of the major morbidities and causes of mortality in the world. This study used RNA-seq and colon cancer clinical data to explore the relationship between ferroptosis-related genes and colon cancer. Based on the fifteen prognostic ferroptosis-related genes, two molecular subgroups of colon cancer were identified. Surprisingly, we also found cluster2 was characterized by lower mutation burden and expression of checkpoint genes, better survival, and higher expression of NOX1. Moreover, cluster2 has fewer BRAF mutations. We also found the expression of NOX1 is related to the status of BRAF. Finally, using 15 ferroptosis-related genes from The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort, we constructed a prognosis model, and this model may be used to predict the prognosis of patients in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Weikaixin Kong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Zhengwei Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Gong Z, Huang W, Wang B, Liang N, Long S, Li W, Zhou Q. Interplay between cyclooxygenase‑2 and microRNAs in cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:347. [PMID: 33760116 PMCID: PMC7974460 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor‑associated inflammation and aberrantly expressed biomarkers have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in the cancer microenvironment. Cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2), a prominent inflammatory factor, is highly expressed in tumor cells and contributes to tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis. Overexpression of COX‑2 may occur at both transcriptional and post‑transcriptional levels. Thus, an improved understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of COX‑2 can facilitate the development of novel antitumor therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non‑coding RNAs that act as translation repressors of target mRNAs, and play vital roles in regulating cancer development and progression. The present review discusses the association between miRNAs and COX‑2 expression in different types of cancer. Understanding the regulatory role of miRNAs in COX‑2 post‑transcription can provide novel insight for suppressing COX‑2 expression via gene silencing mechanisms, which offer new perspectives and future directions for the development of novel COX‑2 selective inhibitors based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiong Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Baiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Na Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Songkai Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Wanjun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Qier Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
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13
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Sheng J, Sun H, Yu FB, Li B, Zhang Y, Zhu YT. The Role of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:1095-1101. [PMID: 32410839 PMCID: PMC7211146 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.44439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third common cancer in this world, accounting for more than 1 million cases each year. However, detailed etiology and mechanism of colorectal cancer have not been fully understood. For example, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) have been closely linked to its occurrence, progression and prognosis. However, the mechanisms on how COX-2 and PGE2-mediate the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer are obscure. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in studies of pathogenesis and control in colorectal cancer to assist further advances in the research for the cure of the cancer. In addition, the knowledge gained may also guide the audiences for reduction of the risk and control of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Sheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Hong Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Fu-Bing Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650021, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Tissue Tech Inc, Miami, Florida 33032, USA
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14
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COX-2 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1277:87-104. [PMID: 33119867 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50224-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep, complicated process, and many studies have been completed over the last few decades to elucidate this process. Increasingly, many studies have shifted focus toward the critical role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of cellular players, cell-cell communications, and extracellular matrix (ECM). In the TME, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been found to be a key molecule mediating the microenvironment changes. COX-2 is an inducible form of the enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into the signal transduction molecules (thromboxanes and prostaglandins). COX-2 is frequently expressed in many types of cancers and has been closely linked to its occurrence, progression, and prognosis. For example, COX-2 has been shown to (1) regulate tumor cell growth, (2) promote tissue invasion and metastasis, (3) inhibit apoptosis, (4) suppress antitumor immunity, and (5) promote sustainable angiogenesis. In this chapter, we summarize recent advances of studies that have evaluated COX-2 signaling in TME.
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15
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Zhang L, Li Y, Meng W, Ni Y, Gao Y. Dynamic urinary proteomic analysis in a Walker 256 intracerebral tumor model. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3553-3565. [PMID: 31090175 PMCID: PMC6601583 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with primary and metastatic brain cancer have an extremely poor prognosis, mostly due to the late diagnosis of disease. Urine, which lacks homeostatic mechanisms, is an ideal biomarker source that accumulates early and highly sensitive changes to provide information about the early stage of disease. Methods A rat model mimicking the local tumor growth process in the brain was established with intracerebral Walker 256 (W256) cell injection. Urine samples were collected on days 3, 5, and 8 after injection, and then analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Results In the intracerebral W256 model, no obvious clinical manifestations or abnormal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signals were found on days 3 or 5; at these time points, 9 proteins were changed significantly in the urine of all eight tumor rats. On day 8, when tumors were detected by MRI, 25 differential proteins were identified, including 10 that have been reported to be closely related to brain metastasis or primary tumors. The differential urinary proteome was compared with those from the subcutaneous W256 model and the intracerebral C6 model. Few differential proteins overlapped, and specific differential protein patterns were observed among the three models. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that early changes in the urine proteome can be detected in the intracerebral W256 model. The urinary proteome can reflect the difference when tumor cells with different growth characteristics are inoculated into the brain and when identical tumor cells are inoculated into different areas, specifically, the subcutis and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuqiu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yanying Ni
- Department of Pathology, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Youhe Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Beijing Normal University, Gene Engineering Drug and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing, China
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16
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Soto MS, Sibson NR. The Multifarious Role of Microglia in Brain Metastasis. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:414. [PMID: 30483064 PMCID: PMC6240594 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune landscape in brain metastasis is a very heterogeneous framework. Amongst a broad plethora of cells within the tumor microenvironment, the presence of activated microglia has been perfectly described. The innate role of microglial cells is to detect and eliminate any insults that may disturb the regular behavior of the brain. As part of its defensive role, it releases pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines that aim to modulate the inflammatory scenario at the metastatic foci. However, the long term effects that these cells may exert on the metastatic progression is not clear. One of the biggest challenges in the field is to distinguish between brain resident microglial cells and infiltrated bone-marrow derived macrophages. Part of this issue is the fact that both cell types share similar phenotypes. Current studies are based on the modulation of the immune response against cancer cells (immunotherapy). However, most of current clinical trials and newly developed drugs focus on the adaptive immune response (e.g., immune blockade check-points). Additionally, the unique structure of the central nervous system with the presence of the blood-brain barrier have hindered a significant advance in novel therapies against brain metastasis. In this manuscript, we describe current advances in characterization of tumor-associated microglia and macrophages, the importance of microglia during the anti-cancerous response, and the future direction for the development of new strategies against this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- John Fulcher Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Hashemi Goradel N, Najafi M, Salehi E, Farhood B, Mortezaee K. Cyclooxygenase-2 in cancer: A review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5683-5699. [PMID: 30341914 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is frequently expressed in many types of cancers exerting a pleiotropic and multifaceted role in genesis or promotion of carcinogenesis and cancer cell resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. COX-2 is released by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophage type 2 (M2) cells, and cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME). COX-2 induces cancer stem cell (CSC)-like activity, and promotes apoptotic resistance, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. COX-2 mediated hypoxia within the TME along with its positive interactions with YAP1 and antiapoptotic mediators are all in favor of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. COX-2 exerts most of the functions through its metabolite prostaglandin E2. In some and limited situations, COX-2 may act as an antitumor enzyme. Multiple signals are contributed to the functions of COX-2 on cancer cells or its regulation. Members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and nuclear factor-κβ are main upstream modulators for COX-2 in cancer cells. COX-2 also has interactions with a number of hormones within the body. Inhibition of COX-2 provides a high possibility to exert therapeutic outcomes in cancer. Administration of COX-2 inhibitors in a preoperative setting could reduce the risk of metastasis in cancer patients. COX-2 inhibition also sensitizes cancer cells to treatments like radio- and chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic agents adversely induce COX-2 activity. Therefore, choosing an appropriate chemotherapy drugs along with adjustment of the type and does for COX-2 inhibitors based on the type of cancer would be an effective adjuvant strategy for targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Eniseh Salehi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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18
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Fels B, Bulk E, Pethő Z, Schwab A. The Role of TRP Channels in the Metastatic Cascade. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:E48. [PMID: 29772843 PMCID: PMC6027473 DOI: 10.3390/ph11020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated cellular Ca2+ homeostasis is involved in multiple pathologies including cancer. Changes in Ca2+ signaling caused by altered fluxes through ion channels and transporters (the transportome) are involved in all steps of the metastatic cascade. Cancer cells thereby "re-program" and "misuse" the cellular transportome to regulate proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, growth factor signaling, migration and invasion. Cancer cells use their transportome to cope with diverse environmental challenges during the metastatic cascade, like hypoxic, acidic and mechanical cues. Hence, ion channels and transporters are key modulators of cancer progression. This review focuses on the role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the metastatic cascade. After briefly introducing the role of the transportome in cancer, we discuss TRP channel functions in cancer cell migration. We highlight the role of TRP channels in sensing and transmitting cues from the tumor microenvironment and discuss their role in cancer cell invasion. We identify open questions concerning the role of TRP channels in circulating tumor cells and in the processes of intra- and extravasation of tumor cells. We emphasize the importance of TRP channels in different steps of cancer metastasis and propose cancer-specific TRP channel blockade as a therapeutic option in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Fels
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Etmar Bulk
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Zoltán Pethő
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institut für Physiologie II, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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19
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Wilhelm I, Fazakas C, Molnár K, Végh AG, Haskó J, Krizbai IA. Foe or friend? Janus-faces of the neurovascular unit in the formation of brain metastases. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:563-587. [PMID: 28920514 PMCID: PMC5888855 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17732025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite the potential obstacle represented by the blood-brain barrier for extravasating malignant cells, metastases are more frequent than primary tumors in the central nervous system. Not only tightly interconnected endothelial cells can hinder metastasis formation, other cells of the brain microenvironment (like astrocytes and microglia) can also be very hostile, destroying the large majority of metastatic cells. However, malignant cells that are able to overcome these harmful mechanisms may benefit from the shielding and even support provided by cerebral endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia, rendering the brain a sanctuary site against anti-tumor strategies. Thus, cells of the neurovascular unit have a Janus-faced attitude towards brain metastatic cells, being both destructive and protective. In this review, we present the main mechanisms of brain metastasis formation, including those involved in extravasation through the brain vasculature and survival in the cerebral environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imola Wilhelm
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Csilla Fazakas
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kinga Molnár
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila G Végh
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Haskó
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István A Krizbai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, Arad, Romania
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20
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Bulk E, Kramko N, Liashkovich I, Glaser F, Schillers H, Schnittler HJ, Oberleithner H, Schwab A. K Ca3.1 channel inhibition leads to an ICAM-1 dependent increase of cell-cell adhesion between A549 lung cancer and HMEC-1 endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112268-112282. [PMID: 29348824 PMCID: PMC5762509 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early metastasis leads to poor prognosis of lung cancer patients, whose 5-year survival rate is only 15%. We could recently show that the Ca2+ sensitive K+ channel KCa3.1 promotes aggressive behavior of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and that it can serve as a prognostic marker in NSCLC. Since NSCLC patients die of metastases, we investigated whether KCa3.1 channels contribute to poor patient prognosis by regulating distinct steps of the metastatic cascade. We investigated the extravasation of NSCLC cells and focused on their adhesion to endothelial cells and on transendothelial migration. We quantified the adhesion forces between NSCLC cells and endothelial cells by applying single cell force spectroscopy, and we monitored transendothelial migration using live-cell imaging. Inhibition of KCa3.1 channels with senicapoc or KCa3.1 silencing increases the adhesion force of A549 lung cancer cells to human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and biotinylation assays indicate that the elevated adhesion force is due to increased expression of ICAM-1 in both cell lines when KCa3.1 channels are downregulated. Consistent with this interpretation, an anti-ICAM-1 blocking antibody abolishes the KCa3.1-dependent increase in adhesion. Senicapoc inhibits transendothelial migration of A549 cells by 50%. Selectively silencing KCa3.1 channels in either NSCLC or endothelial cells reveals that transendothelial migration depends predominantly on endothelial KCa3.1 channels. In conclusion, our findings disclose a novel function of KCa3.1 channels in cancer. KCa3.1 channels regulate ICAM-1 dependent cell-cell adhesion between endothelial and cancer cells that affects the transmigration step of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nadzeya Kramko
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Liashkovich
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Glaser
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hermann Schillers
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Hans Oberleithner
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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21
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Role of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9110153. [PMID: 29099772 PMCID: PMC5704171 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) (also known as CD11a/CD18 and αLβ2), is just one of many integrins in the human body, but its significance is derived from its exclusive presence in leukocytes. In this review, we summarize the studies relating LFA-1 and its major ligand ICAM-1 (or CD54) with cancer, through the function of lymphocytes and myeloid cells on tumor cells. We consider how LFA-1 mediates the interaction of leukocytes with tumors and the role of ICAM-1 in tumor dynamics, which can be independent of its interaction with LFA-1. We also offer a more detailed examination of the role of LFA-1 within B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Finally, we discuss the role that exosomes harboring LFA-1 play in tumor growth and metastasis.
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