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Alhosseini MN, Ebadi P, Karimi MH, Migliorati G, Cari L, Nocentini G, Heidari M, Soleimanian S. Therapy with regulatory T-cell infusion in autoimmune diseases and organ transplantation: A review of the strengths and limitations. Transpl Immunol 2024; 85:102069. [PMID: 38844002 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
In the last decade, cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of some diseases, earning the definition of being the "third pillar" of therapeutics. In particular, the infusion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is explored for the prevention and control of autoimmune reactions and acute/chronic allograft rejection. Such an approach represents a promising new treatment for autoimmune diseases to recover an immunotolerance against autoantigens, and to prevent an immune response to alloantigens. The efficacy of the in vitro expanded polyclonal and antigen-specific Treg infusion in the treatment of a large number of autoimmune diseases has been extensively demonstrated in mouse models. Similarly, experimental work documented the efficacy of Treg infusions to prevent acute and chronic allograft rejections. The Treg therapy has shown encouraging results in the control of type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as Crohn's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune hepatitis and delaying graft rejection in clinical trials. However, the best method for Treg expansion and the advantages and pitfalls with the different types of Tregs are not fully understood in terms of how these therapeutic treatments can be applied in the clinical setting. This review provides an up-to-date overview of Treg infusion-based treatments in autoimmune diseases and allograft transplantation, the current technical challenges, and the highlights and disadvantages of this therapeutic approaches."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Padideh Ebadi
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Biochemistry, Kazerun, Iran
| | | | - Graziella Migliorati
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cari
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- University of Perugia, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Pharmacology, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mozhdeh Heidari
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeede Soleimanian
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Research advances on targeted-Treg therapies on immune-mediated kidney diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103257. [PMID: 36563769 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The primary function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is blocking the pathogenic immunological response mediated by autoreactive cells, establishing and maintaining immune homeostasis in tissues. Kidney diseases are often caused by Immune imbalance, including alloimmune graft damage after renal transplantation, direct immune-mediated kidney diseases like membranous nephropathy (MN) and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis, as well as indirect immune-mediated ones like Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAVs), IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and lupus nephritis (LN). Treg cells are deficient numerically and/or functionally in those kidney diseases. Targeted-Treg therapies, including adoptive Tregs transfer therapy and low-dose IL-2 therapy, have begun to thrive in treating autoimmune diseases in recent years. However, the clinical use of targeted Treg-therapies is rarely mentioned in those kidney diseases above except for kidney transplantation. This article mainly discusses the newest progressions of targeted-Treg therapies in those specific examples of immune-mediated kidney diseases. Meanwhile, we also reviewed the main factors that affect Treg development and differentiation, hoping to inspire new strategies to develop target Tregs-therapies. Lastly, we emphasize the significant impediments and prospects to the clinical translation of target-Treg therapy. We advocate for more preclinical and clinical studies on target Tregs-therapies to decipher Tregs in those diseases.
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Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Although these cells were initially studied as a homogenous cohort, we now know that they have unprecedented underlying heterogeneity. This heterogeneity is reflected in their phenotype and functions. As human Treg subpopulations are very small in numbers, it is necessary to develop novel ways of isolating and manipulating these cell populations. In this chapter, we discuss immunoassays established to this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Atif
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Immunology Department Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mustapha Cherai
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Immunology Department Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Makoto Miyara
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Immunology Department Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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4
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Ghobadinezhad F, Ebrahimi N, Mozaffari F, Moradi N, Beiranvand S, Pournazari M, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Khorram R, Afshinpour M, Robino RA, Aref AR, Ferreira LMR. The emerging role of regulatory cell-based therapy in autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1075813. [PMID: 36591309 PMCID: PMC9795194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease, caused by unwanted immune responses to self-antigens, affects millions of people each year and poses a great social and economic burden to individuals and communities. In the course of autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and multiple sclerosis, disturbances in the balance between the immune response against harmful agents and tolerance towards self-antigens lead to an immune response against self-tissues. In recent years, various regulatory immune cells have been identified. Disruptions in the quality, quantity, and function of these cells have been implicated in autoimmune disease development. Therefore, targeting or engineering these cells is a promising therapeutic for different autoimmune diseases. Regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, regulatory dendritic cells, myeloid suppressor cells, and some subsets of innate lymphoid cells are arising as important players among this class of cells. Here, we review the roles of each suppressive cell type in the immune system during homeostasis and in the development of autoimmunity. Moreover, we discuss the current and future therapeutic potential of each one of these cell types for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Ghobadinezhad
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mozaffari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Neda Moradi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Nourdanesh Institute of Higher Education, University of Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sheida Beiranvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehran Pournazari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maral Afshinpour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Rob A. Robino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Xsphera Biosciences, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Leonardo M. R. Ferreira, ; Amir Reza Aref,
| | - Leonardo M. R. Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Leonardo M. R. Ferreira, ; Amir Reza Aref,
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5
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Hefazi M, Bolivar-Wagers S, Blazar BR. Regulatory T Cell Therapy of Graft-versus-Host Disease: Advances and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9676. [PMID: 34575843 PMCID: PMC8469916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Immunomodulation using regulatory T cells (Tregs) offers an exciting option to prevent and/or treat GVHD as these cells naturally function to maintain immune homeostasis, can induce tolerance following HSCT, and have a tissue reparative function. Studies to date have established a clinical safety profile for polyclonal Tregs. Functional enhancement through genetic engineering offers the possibility of improved potency, specificity, and persistence. In this review, we provide the most up to date preclinical and clinical data on Treg cell therapy with a particular focus on GVHD. We discuss the different Treg subtypes and highlight the pharmacological and genetic approaches under investigation to enhance the application of Tregs in allo-HSCT. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges for optimal clinical translation and provide insights as to future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hefazi
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Sara Bolivar-Wagers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA;
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6
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White MPJ, Smyth DJ, Cook L, Ziegler SF, Levings MK, Maizels RM. The parasite cytokine mimic Hp-TGM potently replicates the regulatory effects of TGF-β on murine CD4 + T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2021; 99:848-864. [PMID: 33988885 PMCID: PMC9214624 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) family proteins mediate many vital biological functions in growth, development and regulation of the immune system. TGF‐β itself controls immune homeostasis and inflammation, including conversion of naïve CD4+ T cells into Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the presence of interleukin‐2 and T‐cell receptor ligands. The helminth parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus exploits this pathway through a structurally novel TGF‐β mimic (Hp‐TGM), which binds to mammalian TGF‐β receptors and induces Tregs. Here, we performed detailed comparisons of Hp‐TGM with mammalian TGF‐β. Compared with TGF‐β, Hp‐TGM induced greater numbers of Foxp3+ Tregs (iTregs), with more intense Foxp3 expression. Both ligands upregulated Treg functional markers CD73, CD103 and programmed death‐ligand 1, but Hp‐TGM induced significantly higher CD39 expression than did TGF‐β. Interestingly, in contrast to canonical TGF‐β signaling through Smad2/3, Hp‐TGM stimulation was slower and more sustained. Gene expression profiles induced by TGF‐β and Hp‐TGM were remarkably similar, and both types of iTregs suppressed T‐cell responses in vitro and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis‐driven inflammation in vivo. In vitro, both types of iTregs were equally stable under inflammatory conditions, but Hp‐TGM‐induced iTregs were more stable in vivo during dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colitis, with greater retention of Foxp3 expression and lower conversion to a ROR‐γt+ phenotype. Altogether, results from this study suggest that the parasite cytokine mimic, Hp‐TGM, may deliver a qualitatively different signal to CD4+ T cells with downstream consequences for the long‐term stability of iTregs. These data highlight the potential of Hp‐TGM as a new modulator of T‐cell responses in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine P J White
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Danielle J Smyth
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Cook
- Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Steven F Ziegler
- Department of Translational Research, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Megan K Levings
- Department of Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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7
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Roth-Walter F, Adcock IM, Benito-Villalvilla C, Bianchini R, Bjermer L, Boyman O, Caramori G, Cari L, Fan Chung K, Diamant Z, Eguiluz-Gracia I, Knol EF, Kolios A, Levi-Schaffer F, Nocentini G, Palomares O, Redegeld F, Van Esch B, Stellato C. Immune modulation via T regulatory cell enhancement: Disease-modifying therapies for autoimmunity and their potential for chronic allergic and inflammatory diseases-An EAACI position paper of the Task Force on Immunopharmacology (TIPCO). Allergy 2021; 76:90-113. [PMID: 32593226 DOI: 10.1111/all.14478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic advances using targeted biologicals and small-molecule drugs have achieved significant success in the treatment of chronic allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases particularly for some patients with severe, treatment-resistant forms. This has been aided by improved identification of disease phenotypes. Despite these achievements, not all severe forms of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases are successfully targeted, and current treatment options, besides allergen immunotherapy for selected allergic diseases, fail to change the disease course. T cell-based therapies aim to cure diseases through the selective induction of appropriate immune responses following the delivery of engineered, specific cytotoxic, or regulatory T cells (Tregs). Adoptive cell therapies (ACT) with genetically engineered T cells have revolutionized the oncology field, bringing curative treatment for leukemia and lymphoma, while therapies exploiting the suppressive functions of Tregs have been developed in nononcological settings, such as in transplantation and autoimmune diseases. ACT with Tregs are also being considered in nononcological settings such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and chronic inflammatory disorders. After describing the general features of T cell-based approaches and current applications in autoimmune diseases, this position paper reviews the experimental models testing or supporting T cell-based approaches, especially Treg-based approaches, in severe IgE-mediated responses and chronic respiratory airway diseases, such as severe asthma and COPD. Along with an assessment of challenges and unmet needs facing the application of ACT in these settings, this article underscores the potential of ACT to offer curative options for patients with severe or treatment-resistant forms of these immune-driven disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Molecular Cell Biology Group, National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Benito-Villalvilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lung and Allergy research, Allergy, Asthma and COPD Competence Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Dentistry and Morphological and Functional Imaging (BIOMORF), Respiratory Medicine Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Experimental Studies Medicine at National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London & Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Institute for Clinical Science, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Thomayer Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen and QPS-NL, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia
- Allergy Unit, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA)-ARADyAL, Málaga, Spain
| | - Edward F Knol
- Departments of Immunology and Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonios Kolios
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesca Levi-Schaffer
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oscar Palomares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty Van Esch
- Faculty of Science, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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8
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Regulatory T cell heterogeneity and therapy in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 20:102715. [PMID: 33197573 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are a group of CD4+ T cell with high expression of CD25 and cell linage specific transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and play a vital role in maintaining immune homeostasis. In the last two decades, researchers have shown that Treg cells involved in the occurrence, development and prognosis of many diseases, especially in autoimmune diseases. Treg targeted therapies, such as low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) treatment and Treg infusion therapy, which are aimed at restoring the number or function of Treg cells, have become a hot topic in clinical trials of these diseases. It is believed that Treg cells are heterogeneous. Different subsets of Treg cells have various functions and play different parts in immunomodulatory. Gaining insights into Treg heterogeneity will help us further understand the function of Treg cells and provide news ideas for the selective therapeutic manipulation of Treg cells. In this review, we mainly summarize the heterogeneity of Treg cells and their potential therapeutic value in autoimmune diseases.
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9
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Atif M, Mohr A, Conti F, Scatton O, Gorochov G, Miyara M. Metabolic Optimisation of Regulatory T Cells in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2005. [PMID: 33013855 PMCID: PMC7495149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the FOXP3 transcription factor are presently under investigation by many teams globally as a cellular therapy to induce tolerance in transplantation. This is primarily due to their immunosuppressive and homeostatic functions. Depending on the type of allograft, Treg cells will need to infiltrate and function in metabolically diverse microenvironments. This means that any resident and circulating Treg cells need to differentially adapt to counter acute or chronic allograft rejection. However, the links between Treg cell metabolism and function are still not entirely delineated. Current data suggest that Treg cells and their effector counterparts have different metabolite dependencies and metabolic programs. These properties could be exploited to optimize intragraft Treg cell function. In this review, we discuss the current paradigms regarding Treg cell metabolism and outline critical intracellular axes that link metabolism and function. Finally, we discuss how this knowledge could be clinically translated for the benefit of transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Atif
- Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Unité de Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Audrey Mohr
- Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Filomena Conti
- Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Unité de Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Unité de Transplantation Hépatique, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Makoto Miyara
- Inserm U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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10
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Ziegler LS, Gerner MC, Schmidt RLJ, Trapin D, Steinberger P, Pickl WF, Sillaber C, Egger G, Schwarzinger I, Schmetterer KG. Attenuation of canonical NF-κB signaling maintains function and stability of human Treg. FEBS J 2020; 288:640-662. [PMID: 32386462 PMCID: PMC7891634 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor ‘κ‐light‐chain‐enhancer’ of activated B cells (NF‐κB) signaling is a signaling pathway used by most immune cells to promote immunostimulatory functions. Recent studies have indicated that regulatory T cells (Treg) differentially integrate TCR‐derived signals, thereby maintaining their suppressive features. However, the role of NF‐κB signaling in the activation of human peripheral blood (PB) Treg has not been fully elucidated so far. We show that the activity of the master transcription factor forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) attenuates p65 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of the NF‐κB proteins p50, p65, and c‐Rel following activation in human Treg. Using pharmacological and genetic inhibition of canonical NF‐κB signaling in FOXP3‐transgenic T cells and PB Treg from healthy donors as well as Treg from a patient with a primary NFKB1 haploinsufficiency, we validate that Treg activation and suppressive capacity is independent of NF‐κB signaling. Additionally, repression of residual NF‐κB signaling in Treg further enhances interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) production. Blockade of NF‐κB signaling can be exploited for the generation of in vitro induced Treg (iTreg) with enhanced suppressive capacity and functional stability. In this respect, dual blockade of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and NF‐κB signaling was accompanied by enhanced expression of the transcription factors FOXP1 and FOXP3 and demethylation of the Treg‐specific demethylated region compared to iTreg generated under mTOR blockade alone. Thus, we provide first insights into the role of NF‐κB signaling in human Treg. These findings could lead to strategies for the selective manipulation of Treg and the generation of improved iTreg for cellular therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liesa S Ziegler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene C Gerner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf L J Schmidt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Trapin
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Sillaber
- Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ilse Schwarzinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Raffin C, Vo LT, Bluestone JA. T reg cell-based therapies: challenges and perspectives. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:158-172. [PMID: 31811270 PMCID: PMC7814338 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cellular therapies using regulatory T (Treg) cells are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease. In this Review, we discuss the biology of Treg cells and describe new efforts in Treg cell engineering to enhance specificity, stability, functional activity and delivery. Finally, we envision that the success of Treg cell therapy in autoimmunity and transplantation will encourage the clinical use of adoptive Treg cell therapy for non-immune diseases, such as neurological disorders and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Raffin
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linda T Vo
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory, Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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12
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Atif M, Conti F, Gorochov G, Oo YH, Miyara M. Regulatory T cells in solid organ transplantation. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e01099. [PMID: 32104579 PMCID: PMC7036337 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of graft tolerance remains the holy grail of transplantation. This is important as chronic allograft dysfunction and the side effects of immunosuppression regimens place a major burden on the lives of transplant patients and their healthcare systems. This has mandated the need to understand the immunobiology of graft rejection and identify novel therapeutics. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in modulating pro-inflammatory microenvironments and maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, there are fundamental unanswered questions regarding Treg cell immunobiology. These cells are a heterogeneous entity with functionally diverse roles. Moreover, the adoption of novel deeper immunophenotyping and genomic sequencing technologies has identified this phenotype and function to be more complex than expected. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of Treg cell heterogeneity is needed to safely and effectively exploit their therapeutic potential. From a clinical perspective, the recent decade has seen different clinical teams commence and complete first-in-man clinical trials utilising Treg cells as an adoptive cellular therapy. In this review, we discuss these trials from a translational perspective with an important focus on safety. Finally, we identify crucial knowledge gaps for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Atif
- Sorbonne UniversitéInserm U1135Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI‐Paris)Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreAP‐HPParisFrance
- Unité de Transplantation HépatiqueHôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreAP‐HPParisFrance
- Centre for Liver and Gastro ResearchNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Academic Department of SurgeryUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Filomena Conti
- Unité de Transplantation HépatiqueHôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreAP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne UniversitéInserm U1135Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI‐Paris)Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreAP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Ye Htun Oo
- Centre for Liver and Gastro ResearchNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Liver Transplant and HPB UnitQueen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Makoto Miyara
- Sorbonne UniversitéInserm U1135Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI‐Paris)Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreAP‐HPParisFrance
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13
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Scheinecker C, Göschl L, Bonelli M. Treg cells in health and autoimmune diseases: New insights from single cell analysis. J Autoimmun 2019; 110:102376. [PMID: 31862128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) are characterized by the breakdown of immunological tolerance. Defects of regulatory T cells have been described among the various mechanisms, that are important for the development of autoimmune diseases, due to their critical role as regulators of peripheral immune tolerance and homeostasis. Initially T suppressor cells have been described as one population of peripheral T cells. Based on new technological advances a new understanding of the heterogeneity of different Treg cell populations in the lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissue has evolved over the last years. While initially Foxp3 has been defined as the main master regulator of Treg cells, we have learned that Treg cells from various tissue can be identified by a specific transcriptomic and epigenetic signature. Epigenetic mechanisms allow Treg cell stability, but we have also learned that certain Treg subsets are plastic and can under specific circumstances even enhance autoimmunity and inflammatory processes. Quantitative and functional defects of Treg cells have been observed in a variety of autoimmune diseases. Due to our understanding of the nature of this cell population, Treg cells have been a target of new Treg based therapies, such as low-dose IL-2. In addition, ongoing clinical trials aim to test safety and efficacy of transferred, in vitro expanded Treg cells in patients with autoimmune diseases and transplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Scheinecker
- Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lisa Göschl
- Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Mohr A, Atif M, Balderas R, Gorochov G, Miyara M. The role of FOXP3 + regulatory T cells in human autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 197:24-35. [PMID: 30830965 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg ) expressing the forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) transcription factor (Tregs ) are instrumental for the prevention of autoimmune diseases. There is increasing evidence that the human T regulatory population is highly heterogeneous in phenotype and function. Numerous studies conducted in human autoimmune diseases have shown that Treg cells are impaired either in their suppressive function, in number, or both. However, the contribution of the FOXP3+ Treg subpopulations to the development of autoimmunity has not been delineated in detail. Rare genetic disorders that involve deficits in Treg function can be studied to develop a global idea of the impact of partial or complete deficiency in a specific molecular mechanism involved in Treg function. In patients with reduced Treg numbers (but no functional deficiency), the expansion of autologous Treg cells could be a suitable therapeutic approach: either infusion of in-vitro autologous expanded cells, infusion of interleukin (IL)-2/anti-IL-2 complex, or both. Treg biology-based therapies may not be suitable in patients with deficits of Treg function, unless their deficit can be corrected in vivo/in vitro. Finally, it is critical to consider the appropriate stage of autoimmune diseases at which administration of Treg cellular therapy can be most effective. We discuss conflicting data regarding whether Treg cells are more effectual at preventing the initiation of autoimmunity, ameliorating disease progression or curing autoimmunity itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohr
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Paris (Cimi-Paris), Paris, France
| | - M Atif
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Paris (Cimi-Paris), Paris, France
| | | | - G Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Paris (Cimi-Paris), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Paris, France (Cimi-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - M Miyara
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Paris (Cimi-Paris), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'immunologie et des maladies infectieuses, Paris, France (Cimi-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
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15
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Optimizing regulatory T cells for therapeutic application in human organ transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2018; 23:516-523. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Kroger CJ, Clark M, Ke Q, Tisch RM. Therapies to Suppress β Cell Autoimmunity in Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1891. [PMID: 30166987 PMCID: PMC6105696 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that is generally considered to be T cell-driven. Accordingly, most strategies of immunotherapy for T1D prevention and treatment in the clinic have targeted the T cell compartment. To date, however, immunotherapy has had only limited clinical success. Although certain immunotherapies have promoted a protective effect, efficacy is often short-term and acquired immunity may be impacted. This has led to the consideration of combining different approaches with the goal of achieving a synergistic therapeutic response. In this review, we will discuss the status of various T1D therapeutic strategies tested in the clinic, as well as possible combinatorial approaches to restore β cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Kroger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Matthew Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Qi Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Roland M Tisch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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17
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Marek-Trzonkowska N, Piekarska K, Filipowicz N, Piotrowski A, Gucwa M, Vogt K, Sawitzki B, Siebert J, Trzonkowski P. Mild hypothermia provides Treg stability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11915. [PMID: 28931834 PMCID: PMC5607276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play crucial role in maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Recent clinical trials confirmed safety and efficacy of Treg treatment of deleterious immune responses. However, Tregs lose their characteristic phenotype and suppressive potential during expansion ex vivo. Therefore, multiple research teams have been studding Treg biology in aim to improve their stability in vitro. In the current paper, we demonstrate that mild hypothermia of 33 °C induces robust proliferation of Tregs, preserves expression of FoxP3, CD25 and Helios, and prevents TSDR methylation during culture in vitro. Tregs expanded at 33 °C have stronger immunosuppressive potential and remarkably anti-inflammatory phenotype demonstrated by the whole transcriptome sequencing. These observations shed new light on impact of temperature on regulation of immune response. We show that just a simple change in temperature can preserve Treg stability, function and accelerate their proliferation, responding to unanswered question- how to preserve Treg stability in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Marek-Trzonkowska
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 2, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Karolina Piekarska
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Cellular Therapies, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 2, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Filipowicz
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Piotrowski
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gucwa
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Gdańsk, al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katrin Vogt
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janusz Siebert
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 2, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-210, Gdańsk, Poland
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18
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Single and combined effect of retinoic acid and rapamycin modulate the generation, activity and homing potential of induced human regulatory T cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182009. [PMID: 28746369 PMCID: PMC5529012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) has been successfully utilized to treat graft versus host disease and represents a promising strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) and rapamycin (RAPA) on the number, phenotype, homing markers expression, DNA methylation, and function of induced human Treg cells in short-term cultures. Naive T cells were polyclonally stimulated and cultured for five days in the presence of different combinations of IL-2, TGF-β1, atRA and RAPA. The resulting cells were characterized by the expression of FOXP3, activation, surface and homing markers. Methylation of the Conserved Non-coding Sequence 2 was also evaluated. Functional comparison of the different culture conditions was performed by suppression assays in vitro. Culturing naive human T cells with IL-2/TGFβ1 resulted in the generation of 54.2% of Treg cells (CD4+CD25+FOXP3+) whereas the addition of 100 nM atRA increased the yield of Treg cells to 66% (p = 0.0088). The addition of RAPA did not increase the number of Treg cells in any of these settings. Treg cells generated in the presence of atRA had an increased expression of the β7 integrin to nearly 100% of the generated Treg cells, while RAPA treated cells showed enhanced expression of CXCR4. The differential expression of homing molecules highlights the possibility of inducing Treg cells with differential organ-specific homing properties. Neither atRA nor RAPA had an effect on the highly methylated CNS2 sites, supporting reports that their contribution to the lineage stability of Treg cells is not mediated by methylation changes in this locus. Treg cells generated in the presence of RAPA show the most potent suppression effect on the proliferation of effector cells.
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19
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Burlion A, Brunel S, Petit NY, Olive D, Marodon G. Targeting the Human T-Cell Inducible COStimulator Molecule with a Monoclonal Antibody Prevents Graft-vs-Host Disease and Preserves Graft vs Leukemia in a Xenograft Murine Model. Front Immunol 2017; 8:756. [PMID: 28713380 PMCID: PMC5491549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogenic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Targeting costimulatory molecules with antagonist antibodies could dampen the excessive immune response that occurs, while preserving the beneficial graft vs leukemia (GVL) of the allogeneic response. Previous studies using a mouse model of GVHD have shown that targeting the T-cell Inducible COStimulator (ICOS, CD278) molecule is beneficial, but it is unclear whether the same applies to human cells. METHODS Here, we assessed whether a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to human ICOS was able to antagonize the costimulatory signal delivered in vivo to human T cells. To test this hypothesis, we used a xenogeneic model of GVHD where human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were adoptively transferred in immunocompromised NOD.SCID.gc-null mice (NSG). RESULTS In this model, control mice invariably lost weight and died by day 50. In contrast, 65% of the mice receiving a single injection of the anti-hICOS mAb survived beyond 100 days. Moreover, a significant improvement in survival was obtained in a curative xeno-GVHD setting. Mechanistically, administration of the anti-hICOS mAb was associated with a strong reduction in perivascular infiltrates in liver and lungs and reduction in frequencies and numbers of human T cells in the spleen. In addition, the mAb prevented T-cell expansion in the blood during xeno-GVHD. Importantly, GVHD-protected mice retained the ability to control the P815 mastocytoma cell line, mimicking GVL in humans. CONCLUSION A mAb-targeting human ICOS alleviated GVHD without impairing GVL in a xenograft murine model. Thus, ICOS represents a promising target in the management of BMT, preventing GVHD while preserving GVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Burlion
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CIMI-PARIS (Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses), INSERM U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Paris, France
| | - Simon Brunel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CIMI-PARIS (Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses), INSERM U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Y Petit
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CIMI-PARIS (Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses), INSERM U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, INSERM U1068, CNRS U7258, Aix Marseille Université, Institut Paoli - Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Gilles Marodon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CIMI-PARIS (Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses), INSERM U 1135, CNRS ERL 8255, Paris, France
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20
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Nikolouli E, Hardtke-Wolenski M, Hapke M, Beckstette M, Geffers R, Floess S, Jaeckel E, Huehn J. Alloantigen-Induced Regulatory T Cells Generated in Presence of Vitamin C Display Enhanced Stability of Foxp3 Expression and Promote Skin Allograft Acceptance. Front Immunol 2017; 8:748. [PMID: 28702031 PMCID: PMC5487376 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis and self-tolerance and can be therapeutically used for prevention of unwanted immune responses such as allotransplant rejection. Tregs are characterized by expression of the transcription factor Foxp3, and recent work suggests that epigenetic imprinting of Foxp3 and other Treg-specific epigenetic signatures genes is crucial for the stabilization of both Foxp3 expression and immunosuppressive properties within Tregs. Lately, vitamin C was reported to enhance the activity of enzymes of the ten-eleven translocation family, thereby fostering the demethylation of Foxp3 and other Treg-specific epigenetic signatures genes in developing Tregs. Here, we in vitro generated alloantigen-induced Foxp3+ Tregs (allo-iTregs) in presence of vitamin C. Although vitamin C hardly influenced the transcriptome of allo-iTregs as revealed by RNA-seq, those vitamin C-treated allo-iTregs showed a more pronounced demethylation of Foxp3 and other Treg-specific epigenetic signatures genes accompanied with an enhanced stability of Foxp3 expression. Accordingly, when being tested in vivo in an allogeneic skin transplantation model, vitamin C-treated allo-iTregs showed a superior suppressive capacity. Together, our results pave the way for the establishment of novel protocols for the in vitro generation of alloantigen-induced Foxp3+ Tregs for therapeutic use in transplantation medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Nikolouli
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Martin Hapke
- Department Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Beckstette
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Floess
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- Department Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Wang Z, Lu Q, Wang Z. Epigenetic Alterations in Cellular Immunity: New Insights into Autoimmune Diseases. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:645-660. [PMID: 28214857 DOI: 10.1159/000457944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modification is an additional regulator in immune responses as the genome-wide profiling somehow fails to explain the sophisticated mechanisms in autoimmune diseases. The effect of epigenetic modifications on adaptive immunity derives from their regulations to induce a permissive or negative gene expression. Epigenetic events, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs (miRNAs) are often found in T cell activation, differentiation and commitment which are the major parts in cellular immunity. Recognizing the complexity of interactions between epigenetic mechanisms and immune disturbance in autoimmune diseases is essential for the exploration of efficient therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize a list of studies that indicate the significance of dysregulated epigenetic modifications in autoimmune diseases while focusing on T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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