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Chen X, Yu S, Chen J, Chen X. Analysis of PD-L1 promoter methylation combined with immunogenic context in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:149. [PMID: 38833018 PMCID: PMC11150339 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03745-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Despite the successful application of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-blocking strategies in some types of cancers and well-established prognostic indicators in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the biological and clinical implications of the methylation status of PD-L1/PD-L2 in PDAC remain largely unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the biological role of PD-L1/PD-L2 methylation and its association with clinicopathological features, clinical outcomes, and the immune microenvironment by analyzing the data on PD-L1/PD-L2 methylation and mRNA expression in PDAC cohorts obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium. The correlation between PD-L1 promoter methylation and PD-L1 expression and survival was further validated in an independent validation cohort (Peking Union Medical College Hospital [PUMCH] cohort) using pyrosequencing and immunohistochemistry. These results demonstrated that hypomethylation of the PD-L1 promoter was strongly associated with upregulated PD-L1 expression and shorter overall survival in PDAC. Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the PD-L1 promoter methylation was an independent prognostic factor. PD-L1 promoter hypomethylation and high expression were related to aggressive clinical phenotypes. Moreover, both PD-L1 and PD-L2 methylation correlated with immune cell infiltration and the expression of immune checkpoint genes. PD-L1 promoter methylation status was further validated as an independent prognostic biomarker in patients with PDAC using the PUMCH cohort. The prognostic significance of PD-L1 promoter methylation was more discriminative in tumors with perineural/lymphovascular invasion and distant metastasis than in those without perineural/lymphovascular invasion and distant metastasis. In summary, the methylation status of the PD-L1 promoter is a promising biomarker for survival outcomes, immune infiltration, and the potential immune benefits of immunotherapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
- 4+4 Medical Doctor Program, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangni Yu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Xianlong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Dominguez DA, Wong P, Melstrom LG. Existing and emerging biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma: relevance in staging, determination of minimal residual disease, and monitoring treatment response: a narrative review. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2024; 13:39-55. [PMID: 38322200 PMCID: PMC10839735 DOI: 10.21037/hbsn-22-526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective With the development of novel active systemic therapies, the landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management is rapidly changing. However, HCC lacks sensitive and specific biomarkers to predict prognosis, monitor for minimal residual disease after locoregional therapy, and predict treatment response. In this review, we aim to summarize the best supporting evidence for refining existing, and development of novel biomarkers for staging, prognosis, determination of minimal residual disease and monitoring treatment response in HCC, focusing on those with evidence in clinical trials. Methods PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the keywords; hepatocellular carcinoma, biomarker, minimal residual disease, surveillance, prognosis, staging, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), liquid biopsy, treatment response, adjuvant, immunotherapy. Relevant clinical studies were included. Key Content and Findings AFP remains the major workhorse as the most widely used biomarker in HCC, however, its lack of wide applicability due to the high proportion of patients with HCC who are AFP negative, limits its value throughout all stages of HCC management. Significant work has been done to combine AFP with other clinical and serologic factors to increase its accuracy and utility as a biomarkers. However, it is likely that other more novel biomarkers such as those obtained through liquid biopsy will provide the prognostic power necessary for applications such as detecting recurrence and predicting treatment response. Liquid biopsy provides not only a wealth of potential biomarkers including circulating tumor cells and cell-free RNA/DNA, but also the ability to examine the mutational characteristics of the tumor with next generation sequencing. While early evidence supports the potential impact of many new biomarkers, validation in large clinical trials is lacking. Conclusions This review highlights the paucity of sensitive and specific, widely applicable biomarkers, throughout all phases of management of HCC and summarizes evidence on biomarkers currently in use, as well as those in development and validation. Inclusion of biomarker analysis through clinical trials in HCC is critical to development of optimal therapeutic regimens, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana A. Dominguez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Paul Wong
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laleh G. Melstrom
- Department of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Zhou J, Fan J, Li B, Sun J, Wang J. Pyroptosis-related gene signature: A predictor for overall survival, immunotherapy response, and chemosensitivity in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23004. [PMID: 38125471 PMCID: PMC10731241 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) is a lethal malignancy with high levels of heterogeneity. Pyroptosis is thought to influence the development of various tumors. Nevertheless, the role of pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in prognostic risk stratification and therapeutic guidance for PAAD remains ambiguously. Methods Transcriptome profile and clinical information of PAAD patients were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as well as Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, followed by differential analysis. Patients were divided into distinct pyroptosis phenotype subtypes based on the characteristic of differently expressed PRGs (DEPRGs). Then a PRG signature was established through univariate analysis and LASSO algorithm in the training set to assess the prognostic risk, and its reliability was verified in the validation set using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. The correlation of risk score with tumor microenvironment(TME), TMB and chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity were also analyzed. In addition, a nomogram was constructed to promote better clinical application. Results A total of 28 DEPRGs were determined in the integrated TCGA-GEO datasets. Patients were divided into three pyroptosis phenotype subtypes, Kaplan-Meier curve suggested patients in cluster B had a worse prognosis than those in cluster A and C. Then a price signature comprised of 8 PRGs was generated. TME analysis suggested that the low-risk subgroup displayed potential stronger antitumor immune effect and might respond better to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy. Furthermore, PRG signature exhibited favorable discriminatory ability for TMB status and the sensitivity of multiple conventional chemotherapeutic agents including paclitaxel. Ultimately, we constructed a promising nomogram according to the risk score and N stage with good predictive accuracy compared with the actual overall survival (OS) probabilities. Conclusion We established an 8-gene signature that could be regarded as an independent prognostic risk factor for PAAD patients. The 8-gene signature could provide rationale for immunotherapy and chemotherapy, which might help clinicians make precise individualized treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Fan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binxiao Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingchao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Aryanti C, Uwuratuw JA, Labeda I, Raharjo W, Lusikooy RE, Abdul Rauf M, Mappincara A, Sampetoding S, Kusuma MI, Syarifuddin E. The Mutation Portraits of Oncogenes and Tumor Supressor Genes in Predicting the Overall Survival in Pancreatic Cancer: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2895-2902. [PMID: 37642079 PMCID: PMC10685232 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.8.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In pancreatic cancer, the carcinogenesis can not be separated from genetics mutations. The portraits of genes alterations majorily including oncogenes (KRAS, HER2, PD-L1) and tumor supressor genes (P53, CDKN2A, SMAD4). Besides being notorious a screening marker, the genetic mutations were related to the prognosis of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study is to determine the genetic mutations portrait in predicting the overall survival in pancreatic cancer. METHODS The network meta analysis (NMA) was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023397976) and conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) in addition of NMA extension guidance. Comprehensive searches were done including all studies which reported the overall survival of pancreatic cancer subjects with KRAS, HER2, PD-L1, P53, CDKN2A, SMAD4. Data were collected and analysis will be done based on Bayesian method, Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm, using BUGSnet package in R studio. Transivity was controlled by methods and consistency of the NMA will be fitted by deviance information criterion. Data analysis in NMA were presented in Sucra plot, league table, and forest plot. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included in this NMA with 4613 total subjects. The NMA was conducted in random-effects, consistent, and convergence model. Relative to control, the genetic mutation of SMAD4 (HR 1.84; 95%CI 1.39-2.46), HER2 (HR 1.76; 95%CI 1.14-2.71), and KRAS (HR 1.7; 95%CI 1.19-2.48) were significant to have worse survival. The mutations of PD-L1, P53, and CDKN2A also showed poor survival, but not statistically significant compared to control. CONCLUSION In pancreatic cancer, the mutation of SMAD4 predicted the worst overall survival, compared to control, also mutation of HER2, KRAS, PD-L1, P53, and CDKN2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Citra Aryanti
- Digestive Surgery Training Program, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Julianus Aboyaman Uwuratuw
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Ibrahim Labeda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Warsinggih Raharjo
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Ronald Erasio Lusikooy
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Murny Abdul Rauf
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Andi Mappincara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Samuel Sampetoding
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - M. Ihwan Kusuma
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
| | - Erwin Syarifuddin
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hasanuddin University, Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia.
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Gao C, Chen J, Bai J, Zhang H, Tao Y, Wu S, Li H, Wu H, Shen Q, Yin T. High glucose-upregulated PD-L1 expression through RAS signaling-driven downregulation of PTRH1 leads to suppression of T cell cytotoxic function in tumor environment. J Transl Med 2023; 21:461. [PMID: 37434177 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly 80% of patients with pancreatic cancer suffer from glucose intolerance or diabetes. Pancreatic cancer complicated by diabetes has a more immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and is associated with a worse prognosis. The relationship between glucose metabolism and programmed cell death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is close and complex. It is important to explore the regulation of high glucose on PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer and its effect on infiltrating immune effectors in the tumor microenvironment. METHODS Diabetic murine models (C57BL/6) were used to reveal different immune landscape in euglycemic and hyperglycemic pancreatic tumor microenvironment. Bioinformatics, WB, iRIP [Improved RNA Binding Protein (RBP) Immunoprecipitation]-seq were used to confirm the potential regulating role of peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase 1 homolog (PTRH1) on the stability of the PD-L1 mRNA. Postoperative specimens were used to identify the expression of PD-L1 and PTRH1 in pancreatic cancer. Co-culturing T cells with pancreatic cancer cells to explore the immunosuppressive effect of pancreatic tumor cells. RESULTS Our results revealed that a high dose of glucose enhanced the stability of the PD-L1 mRNA in pancreatic tumor cells by downregulating PTRH1 through RAS signaling pathway activation following epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stimulation. PTRH1 overexpression significantly suppressed PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cells and improved the proportion and cytotoxic function of CD8+ T cells in the pancreatic TME of diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS PTRH1, an RBP, plays a key role in the regulation of PD-L1 by high glucose and is closely related to anti-tumor immunity in the pancreatic TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiaoshun Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jianwei Bai
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yanyi Tao
- Department of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shihong Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hehe Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Heshui Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiang Shen
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Prognostic and Predictive Value of LIV1 Expression in Early Breast Cancer and by Molecular Subtype. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030938. [PMID: 36986799 PMCID: PMC10058875 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: LIV1 is a transmembrane protein that may become a new therapeutic target through the development of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). Few studies are available regarding the assessment of LIV1 expression in clinical breast cancer (BC) samples. Methods: We analyzed LIV1 mRNA expression in 8982 primary BC. We searched for correlations between LIV1 expression and clinicopathological data, including disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), pathological complete response to chemotherapy (pCR), and potential vulnerability and actionability to anti-cancer drugs used or under development in BC. Analyses were performed in the whole population and each molecular subtype separately. Results: LIV1 expression was associated with good-prognosis features and with longer DFS and OS in multivariate analysis. However, patients with high LIV1 expression displayed a lower pCR rate than patients with low expression after anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including in multivariate analysis adjusted on grade and molecular subtypes. LIV1-high tumors were associated with higher probabilities of sensitivity to hormone therapy and CDK4/6 inhibitors and lower probabilities of sensitivity to immune-checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors. These observations were different according to the molecular subtypes when analyzed separately. Conclusions: These results may provide novel insights into the clinical development and use of LIV1-targeted ADCs by identifying prognostic and predictive value of LIV1 expression in each molecular subtype and associated vulnerability to other systemic therapies.
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Birnbaum DJ, Picard M, Da Costa Q, Delayre T, Finetti P, Cabaud O, Agavnian E, De Rauglaudre B, Denicolaï E, Bertucci F, Mamessier E. PVRIG Expression Is an Independent Prognostic Factor and a New Potential Target for Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020447. [PMID: 36672396 PMCID: PMC9856571 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a frequent and deadly cancer in need of new treatments. Immunotherapy has shown promising results in several solid tumors. The TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis gathers targets for new immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Here, we aimed at highlighting the potential of this axis as a new therapeutic option for HCC. For this, we built a large transcriptomic database of 683 HCC samples, clinically annotated, and 319 normal liver tissues. We interrogated this database for the transcriptomic expression of each member of the TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis and tested their prognostic value for survival. We then focused on the most discriminant one for these criteria, i.e., PVRIG, and analyzed the clinical characteristics, the disease-free and overall survivals, and biological pathways associated with PVRIG High tumors. Among all members of the TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis, PVRIG expression was higher in tumors than in normal liver, was heterogeneous across tumors, and was the only member with independent prognostic value for better survival. PVRIG High tumors were characterized by a higher lymphocytic infiltrate and enriched for signatures associated with tertiary lymphoid structures and better anti-tumor immune response. These results suggest that patients with PVRIG High tumors might be good candidates for immune therapy involving ICIs, notably ICIs targeting the TIGIT/DNAM-1 axis. Further functional and clinical validation is urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jeremie Birnbaum
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- General and Visceral Surgery Department, North’s Hospital, 13015 Marseilles, France
| | - Maelle Picard
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Quentin Da Costa
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Thomas Delayre
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- General and Visceral Surgery Department, North’s Hospital, 13015 Marseilles, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Olivier Cabaud
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Emilie Agavnian
- IPC/CRCM Experimental Pathology (ICEP), CRCM, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Bernadette De Rauglaudre
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- Department of Digestive Oncology and Gastro-Enterology, Timone Hospital, AP-HM, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Denicolaï
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Paoli-Calmettes Institute, 13009 Marseilles, France
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Labeled Team Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Paoli-Calmettes Institute (IPC), Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix-Marseille University, 13009 Marseilles, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-91-22-72-61
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Zhao N, Mei N, Yi Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Yao Y, Li C. Case report: Pathological and genetic features of pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1610983. [PMID: 36938358 PMCID: PMC10021297 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1610983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma accounts for 2%-7% of pancreatic carcinomas. We aimed to investigate the pathological and genetic characteristics of pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells and the key points of treatment. Methods: The clinical data and follow-up results of four patients diagnosed with pancreatic undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells between May 2015 and May 2020 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Chief complaints included "pain and discomfort in the upper abdomen" (2/4), "nausea and vomiting" (1/4) or no symptoms (1/4). Preoperative mildly elevated tumor markers included carcinoembryonic antigen (1/4) and CA19-9 (1/4). The tumors were located in the tail of the pancreas in three patients and the head and neck in one patient. Tumor metastasis was found in pancreatic adipose tissue in two patients and lymph node metastasis in one patient, with microscopic heterogeneous mononuclear cells and scattered osteoclast-like giant cells of various sizes. One patient (1/4) had a mucinous cystic tumor of the pancreas, and two patients (2/4) had adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic duct. Only one patient received postoperative gemcitabine combined with albumin-bound paclitaxel chemotherapy. Conclusion: Currently, treatment guidelines are lacking for PUC-OGC, and prognosis varies markedly. More cases must be reported to clarify its origination. The long-term follow-up of diagnosed patients and genetic mutation testing can also contribute to improving treatment and prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Nan Mei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ye Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yajian Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chunli Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- *Correspondence: Chunli Li,
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Pourali G, Zafari N, Velayati M, Mehrabadi S, Maftooh M, Hassanian SM, Mobarhan MG, Ferns GA, Avan A, Khazaei M. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) and Programmed Death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Pancreatic Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2023; 24:1335-1345. [PMID: 38053355 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501264450231129042256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one the most lethal malignancies worldwide affecting around half a million individuals each year. The treatment of PC is relatively difficult due to the difficulty in making an early diagnosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional factor acting as both a tumor promoter in early cancer stages and a tumor suppressor in advanced disease. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a ligand of programmed death-1 (PD-1), an immune checkpoint receptor, allowing tumor cells to avoid elimination by immune cells. Recently, targeting the TGF-β signaling and PD-L1 pathways has emerged as a strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge regarding these pathways and their contribution to tumor development with a focus on PC. Moreover, we have reviewed the role of TGF-β and PD-L1 blockade in the treatment of various cancer types, including PC, and discussed the clinical trials evaluating TGF-β and PD-L1 antagonists in PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Pourali
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Doctor, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nima Zafari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahla Velayati
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Mehrabadi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Maftooh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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10
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Li L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Yang Q, Deng Z, Zou W, Ge X, Pan K, Li C, Liu R. Identification of CKS1B as a prognostic indicator and a predictive marker for immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1052768. [PMID: 36405738 PMCID: PMC9668883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1052768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As a regulatory subunit of cyclin kinase, CKS1B promotes cancer development and is associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer patients. However, the intrinsic role of CKS1B in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. In our research, CKS1B expression in pancreatic tumor tissue was higher than that in normal tissue by TCGA, Oncomine and CPTAC databases analysis. Similar result was verified in our center tissues by qRT-PCR. CKS1B expression was closely relevant to histologic grading, prognosis, and TMB. GSEA showed that CKS1B mainly participated in the regulation of autophagy and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Furthermore, CIBERSORT analysis showed that there was a strong correlation between CKS1B expression and tumor immune cells infiltration. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that patients with high CKS1B expression appeared to be more sensitive to gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and paclitaxel. We then investigated cell viability and migratory ability by CCK8 and transwell assay, respectively. Results indicated that CKS1B knockdown by short hairpin RNA significantly reduced pancreatic cancer cell viability and invasion via regulating PD-L1 expression. In conclusion, our research further demonstrates the role of CKS1B in pancreatic cancer and the signaling pathways involved. The association of CKS1B with immune infiltration and immune checkpoint may provide a new direction for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincheng Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepetobiliary Surgery, PLA, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuochao Zhang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepetobiliary Surgery, PLA, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoda Deng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Zou
- Department of General Surgery, No.924 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Guilin, China
| | - Xinlan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepetobiliary Surgery, PLA, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepetobiliary Surgery, PLA, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Chonghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Digital Hepetobiliary Surgery, PLA, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Cui Zhou D, Jayasinghe RG, Chen S, Herndon JM, Iglesia MD, Navale P, Wendl MC, Caravan W, Sato K, Storrs E, Mo CK, Liu J, Southard-Smith AN, Wu Y, Naser Al Deen N, Baer JM, Fulton RS, Wyczalkowski MA, Liu R, Fronick CC, Fulton LA, Shinkle A, Thammavong L, Zhu H, Sun H, Wang LB, Li Y, Zuo C, McMichael JF, Davies SR, Appelbaum EL, Robbins KJ, Chasnoff SE, Yang X, Reeb AN, Oh C, Serasanambati M, Lal P, Varghese R, Mashl JR, Ponce J, Terekhanova NV, Yao L, Wang F, Chen L, Schnaubelt M, Lu RJH, Schwarz JK, Puram SV, Kim AH, Song SK, Shoghi KI, Lau KS, Ju T, Chen K, Chatterjee D, Hawkins WG, Zhang H, Achilefu S, Chheda MG, Oh ST, Gillanders WE, Chen F, DeNardo DG, Fields RC, Ding L. Spatially restricted drivers and transitional cell populations cooperate with the microenvironment in untreated and chemo-resistant pancreatic cancer. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1390-1405. [PMID: 35995947 PMCID: PMC9470535 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease with limited treatment options and poor survival. We studied 83 spatial samples from 31 patients (11 treatment-naïve and 20 treated) using single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing, bulk-proteogenomics, spatial transcriptomics and cellular imaging. Subpopulations of tumor cells exhibited signatures of proliferation, KRAS signaling, cell stress and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mapping mutations and copy number events distinguished tumor populations from normal and transitional cells, including acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Pathology-assisted deconvolution of spatial transcriptomic data identified tumor and transitional subpopulations with distinct histological features. We showed coordinated expression of TIGIT in exhausted and regulatory T cells and Nectin in tumor cells. Chemo-resistant samples contain a threefold enrichment of inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblasts that upregulate metallothioneins. Our study reveals a deeper understanding of the intricate substructure of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumors that could help improve therapy for patients with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cui Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Reyka G Jayasinghe
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Siqi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John M Herndon
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael D Iglesia
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pooja Navale
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wagma Caravan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kazuhito Sato
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erik Storrs
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chia-Kuei Mo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingxian Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Austin N Southard-Smith
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yige Wu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nataly Naser Al Deen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - John M Baer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert S Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruiyang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Catrina C Fronick
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lucinda A Fulton
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew Shinkle
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lisa Thammavong
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Houxiang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Liang-Bo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chong Zuo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua F McMichael
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sherri R Davies
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Keenan J Robbins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sara E Chasnoff
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ashley N Reeb
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clara Oh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mamatha Serasanambati
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Preet Lal
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rajees Varghese
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jay R Mashl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jennifer Ponce
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nadezhda V Terekhanova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lijun Yao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Schnaubelt
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rita Jui-Hsien Lu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julie K Schwarz
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sidharth V Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Albert H Kim
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sheng-Kwei Song
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kooresh I Shoghi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ken S Lau
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt, TN, USA
| | - Tao Ju
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ken Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen T Oh
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - William E Gillanders
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David G DeNardo
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Ryan C Fields
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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12
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Sorbara M, Cordelier P, Bery N. Antibody-Based Approaches to Target Pancreatic Tumours. Antibodies (Basel) 2022; 11:antib11030047. [PMID: 35892707 PMCID: PMC9326758 DOI: 10.3390/antib11030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive cancer with a dismal prognosis. This is due to the difficulty to detect the disease at an early and curable stage. In addition, only limited treatment options are available, and they are confronted by mechanisms of resistance. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) molecules are highly specific biologics that can be directly used as a blocking agent or modified to deliver a drug payload depending on the desired outcome. They are widely used to target extracellular proteins, but they can also be employed to inhibit intracellular proteins, such as oncoproteins. While mAbs are a class of therapeutics that have been successfully employed to treat many cancers, they have shown only limited efficacy in pancreatic cancer as a monotherapy so far. In this review, we will discuss the challenges, opportunities and hopes to use mAbs for pancreatic cancer treatment, diagnostics and imagery.
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13
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It Takes Two to Tango: Potential Prognostic Impact of Circulating TGF-Beta and PD-L1 in Pancreatic Cancer. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070960. [PMID: 35888050 PMCID: PMC9323895 DOI: 10.3390/life12070960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly devastating disease with rising incidence and poor prognosis. The lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers hampers the individual evaluation of the survival and recurrence potential. Methods: Here, we investigate the value of plasma levels of two potential key players in molecular mechanisms underlying PDAC aggressiveness and immune evasion, soluble TGF-beta (sTGF-beta) and sPD-L1, in both metastatic and radically-resected PDAC. To this aim we prospectively enrolled 38 PDAC patients and performed appropriate statistical analyses in order to evaluate their correlation, and role in the prediction of disease relapse/progression, and patients’ outcome. Results: Metastatic patients showed lower levels of circulating sTGF-beta and higher levels of sPD-L1 compared to radically-resected patients. Moreover, a decrease in sTGF-beta levels (but not sPD-L1) was significantly associated with disease relapse in radically-resected patients. We also observed lower sTGF-beta at disease progression after first-line chemotherapy in metastatic patients, though this change was not statistically significant. We found a significant correlation between the levels of sTGF-beta and sPD-L1 before first-line chemotherapy. Conclusions: These findings support the possible interaction of TGF-beta and PD-L1 pathways and suggest that sTGF-beta and sPD-L1 might synergize and be new potential blood-based biomarkers.
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14
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Li A, Ye B, Lin F, Wang Y, Miao X, Jiang Y. A Novel Immunogenomic Signature to Predict Prognosis and Reveal Immune Infiltration Characteristics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2022; 5:pbac010. [PMID: 35694712 PMCID: PMC9172649 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The immune response in the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression and recurrence. We aimed to develop an immune-related gene (IRG) signature to improve prognostic predictive power and reveal the immune infiltration characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PDAC was used to construct a prognostic model as a training cohort. The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were set as validation datasets. Prognostic genes were screened by using univariate Cox regression. Then, a novel optimal prognostic model was developed by using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression. Cell type identification by estimating the relative subsets of RNA transcripts (CIBERSORT) and estimation of stromal and immune cells in malignant tumors using expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithms were used to characterize tumor immune infiltrating patterns. The tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) algorithm was used to predict immunotherapy responsiveness. Results A prognostic signature based on five IRGs (MET, ERAP2, IL20RB, EREG, and SHC2) was constructed in TCGA-PDAC and comprehensively validated in ICGC and GEO cohorts. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that this signature had an independent prognostic value. The area under the curve (AUC) values of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve at 1, 3, and 5 years of survival were 0.724, 0.702, and 0.776, respectively. We further demonstrated that our signature has better prognostic performance than recently published ones and is superior to traditional clinical factors such as grade and tumor node metastasis classification (TNM) stage in predicting survival. Moreover, we found higher abundance of CD8+ T cells and lower M2-like macrophages in the low-risk group of TCGA-PDAC, and predicted a higher proportion of immunotherapeutic responders in the low-risk group. Conclusions We constructed an optimal prognostic model which had independent prognostic value and was comprehensively validated in external PDAC databases. Additionally, this five-genes signature could predict immune infiltration characteristics. Moreover, the signature helped stratify PDAC patients who might be more responsive to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bicheng Ye
- Medical College of Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fangnan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaye Miao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Genetic Diagnosis Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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The clinical and prognostic significance of CMTM6/PD-L1 in oncology. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1478-1491. [PMID: 35278198 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The recent discovery of CMTM6 and to a lesser extent CMTM4, two members of the chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing family, as master positive regulators of PD-L1 expression, the primary ligand of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), on tumor and immune cells has opened new horizons for investigating the role of CMTM6/CMTM4 in different aspects of oncology including their clinical and prognostic values in different cancer types. The absence of a specific review article addressing the available results about the clinical and prognostic roles of CMTM6 alone and/or in combination with PD-L1 in cancer has encouraged us to write this paper.
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16
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Bazhin AV, von Ahn K, Fritz J, Bunge H, Maier C, Isayev O, Neff F, Siveke JT, Karakhanova S. Pivotal antitumor role of the immune checkpoint molecule B7-H1 in pancreatic cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2043037. [PMID: 35251770 PMCID: PMC8890402 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2043037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecule B7-H1 plays a decisive immune regulatory role in different pathologies including cancer, and manipulation of B7-H1 expression became an attractive approach in cancer immunotherapy. Pancreatic cancer (PDAC) is characterized by pronounced immunosuppressive environment and B7-H1 expression correlates with PDAC prognosis. However, the first attempts to diminish B7-H1 expression in patients were not so successful. This points the complicity of PDAC immunosuppressive network and requires further examinations. We investigated the effect of B7-H1 deficiency in PDAC. Our results clearly show that partial or complete B7-H1 inhibition in vivo let to reduced tumor volume and improved survival of PDAC-bearing mice. This oncological benefit is due to the abrogation of immunosuppression provided by MDSC, macrophages, DC and Treg, which resulted in simultaneous restoration of anti-tumor immune response, namely improved accumulation and functionality of effector-memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. Our results underline the potential of B7-H1 molecule to control immunosuppressive network in PDAC and provide new issues for further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina von Ahn
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Fritz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henriette Bunge
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Maier
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Orkhan Isayev
- Department of Cytology, Embryology and Histology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Florian Neff
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site University Hospital Essen, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens T. Siveke
- Division of Solid Tumor Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site University Hospital Essen, Heidelberg, Germany
- Bridge Institute of Experimental Tumor Therapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Svetlana Karakhanova
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Kole C, Charalampakis N, Tsakatikas S, Frountzas M, Apostolou K, Schizas D. Immunotherapy in Combination with Well-Established Treatment Strategies in Pancreatic Cancer: Current Insights. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1043-1061. [PMID: 35300059 PMCID: PMC8921671 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s267260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common type of pancreatic cancer and fourth most common cause of death in developed countries. Despite improved survival rates after resection combined with adjuvant chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy, recurrence still occurs in a high percentage of patients within the first 2 years after resection. Immunotherapy aims to improve antitumor immune responses and reduce toxicity providing a more specific, targeted therapy compared to chemotherapy and has been proved an efficient therapeutic tool for many solid tumors. In this work, we present the latest advances in PDAC treatment using a combination of immunotherapy with other interventions such as chemotherapy and/or radiation both at neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting. Moreover, we outline the role of the tumor microenvironment as a key barrier to immunotherapy efficacy and examine how immunotherapy biomarkers may be used to detect immunotherapy’s response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christo Kole
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | | | - Sergios Tsakatikas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Metaxa Cancer Hospital, Athens, 185 37, Greece
| | - Maximos Frountzas
- First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippocration General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Apostolou
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece
- Correspondence: Dimitrios Schizas, First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, 115 27, Greece, Tel +306944505917, Fax +302132061766, Email
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18
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Fu L, Fan J, Maity S, McFadden G, Shi Y, Kong W. PD-L1 interacts with Frizzled 6 to activate β-catenin and form a positive feedback loop to promote cancer stem cell expansion. Oncogene 2022; 41:1100-1113. [PMID: 35034965 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) drive tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. We report here that programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is constitutively expressed in cancer cells to maintain and expand CSC through a novel mechanism in addition to promoting cancer cell immune evasion. We discovered that PD-L1 interacts with receptor Frizzled 6 to activate β-catenin signaling and increase β-catenin-targeted gene expression, such as a putative stem cell marker leucine-rich-repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5. Blockage of PD-L1 function, using a specific small hairpin RNA or a specific antibody, inhibits disease progression by reducing the CSC population in both colorectal and breast tumors. Moreover, β-catenin conversely regulates PD-L1 expression through a β-catenin complex binding site in the PD-L1 promoter. Our discoveries reveal that besides assistant tumor cell immune escaping, PD-L1 and β-catenin signaling form a positive feedback loop to promote cancer progression through CSC maintenance and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingchen Fu
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jia Fan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sudipa Maity
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Grant McFadden
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yixin Shi
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - Wei Kong
- Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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19
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Prognostic Value of Programmed Death Ligand-1 Expression in Solid Tumors Irrespective of Immunotherapy Exposure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:153-168. [PMID: 35106739 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway, which plays a crucial role in cancer immune surveillance, is the target of several approved immunotherapeutic agents and is used as a predictive biomarker in some solid tumors. However, its use as a prognostic marker (i.e., regardless of therapy used) is not established clearly with available data demonstrating inconsistent prognostic impact of PD-L1 expression in solid tumors. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search of electronic databases and identified publications exploring the effect of PD-L1 expression on overall survival and/or disease-free survival. Hazard ratios were pooled in a meta-analysis using generic inverse-variance and random-effects modeling. We used the Deeks method to explore subgroup differences based on disease site, stage of disease, and method of PD-L1 quantification. RESULTS One hundred and eighty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Programmed cell death ligand-1 expression was associated with worse overall survival (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.26-1.39; p < 0.001). There was significant heterogeneity between disease sites (subgroup p = 0.002) with pancreatic, hepatocellular, and genitourinary cancers associated with the highest magnitude of adverse outcomes. Programmed cell death ligand-1 was also associated with worse overall disease-free survival (hazard ratio 1.19, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.30; p < 0.001). Stage of disease did not significantly affect the results (subgroup p = 0.52), nor did the method of quantification via immunohistochemistry or messenger RNA (subgroup p = 0.70). CONCLUSIONS High expression of PD-L1 is associated with worse survival in solid tumors albeit with significant heterogeneity among tumor types. The effect is consistent in early-stage and metastatic disease and is not sensitive to method of PD-L1 quantification. These data can provide additional information for the counseling of patients with cancer about prognosis.
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20
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Zhou J, Jiang Y, Huang Y, Wang Q, Kaifi JT, Kimchi ET, Chabu CY, Liu Z, Joshi T, Li G. Single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the response of pancreatic cancer to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Transl Oncol 2022; 15:101262. [PMID: 34768100 PMCID: PMC8591363 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PaC) is resistant to immune checkpoint therapy, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we have established four orthotopic PaC murine models with different PaC cell lines by intra-pancreatic inoculation. Therapeutic examinations demonstrate that only tumors induced with Panc02-H7 cells respond to αPD-1 antibody treatment, leading to significantly reduced tumor growth and increased survival in the recipient mice. Transcriptomic profiling at a single-cell resolution characterizes the molecular activity of different cells within tumors. Comparative analysis and validated experiments demonstrate that αPD-1-sensitive and -resistant tumors differently shape the immune landscape in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and markedly altering effector CD8+ T cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in their number, frequency, and gene profile. More exhausted effector CD8+ T cells and increased M2-like TAMs with a reduced capacity of antigen presentation are detected in resistant Panc02-formed tumors versus responsive Panc02-H7-formed tumors. Together, our data highlight the correlation of tumor-induced imbalance of macrophages with the fate of tumor-resident effector CD8+ T cells and PaC response to αPD-1 immunotherapy. TAMs as a critical regulator of tumor immunity and immunotherapy contribute to PaC resistance to immune checkpoint blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Medical Sciences Building, M272, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yuexu Jiang
- Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Medical Sciences Building, M272, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Qiongling Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Medical Sciences Building, M272, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jussuf T Kaifi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Medical Sciences Building, M272, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Eric T Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Medical Sciences Building, M272, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Chiswili Yves Chabu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Bond Life Science Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; MU Institute of Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, Medical Sciences Building, M272, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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21
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Mills BN, Qiu H, Drage MG, Chen C, Mathew JS, Garrett-Larsen J, Ye J, Uccello TP, Murphy JD, Belt BA, Lord EM, Katz AW, Linehan DC, Gerber SA. Modulation of the Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Immune Microenvironment by Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 28:150-162. [PMID: 34862242 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an emerging treatment modality for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which can effectively prime cytotoxic T cells by inducing immunogenic tumor cell death in preclinical models. SBRT effects on human PDAC have yet to be thoroughly investigated; therefore, this study aimed to characterize immunomodulation in the human PDAC tumor microenvironment following therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Tumor samples were obtained from patients with resectable PDAC. Radiotherapy was delivered a median of 7 days prior to surgical resection, and sections were analyzed by multiplex IHC (mIHC), RNA sequencing, and T-cell receptor sequencing (TCR-seq). RESULTS Analysis of SBRT-treated tumor tissue indicated reduced tumor cell density and increased immunogenic cell death relative to untreated controls. Radiotherapy promoted collagen deposition; however, vasculature was unaffected and spatial analyses lacked evidence of T-cell sequestration. Conversely, SBRT resulted in fewer tertiary lymphoid structures and failed to lessen or reprogram abundant immune suppressor populations. Higher percentages of PD-1+ T cells were observed following SBRT, and a subset of tumors displayed more clonal T-cell repertoires. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that SBRT augmentation of antitumor immunogenicity may be dampened by an overabundance of refractory immunosuppressive populations, and support the continued development of SBRT/immunotherapy combination for human PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley N Mills
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Haoming Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Michael G Drage
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Chunmo Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jocelyn S Mathew
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jesse Garrett-Larsen
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Jian Ye
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Taylor P Uccello
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Joseph D Murphy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Brian A Belt
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Edith M Lord
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Alan W Katz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - David C Linehan
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York. .,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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22
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Pretta A, Lai E, Persano M, Donisi C, Pinna G, Cimbro E, Parrino A, Spanu D, Mariani S, Liscia N, Dubois M, Migliari M, Impera V, Saba G, Pusceddu V, Puzzoni M, Ziranu P, Scartozzi M. Uncovering key targets of success for immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:987-1005. [PMID: 34806517 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite available treatment options, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is frequently lethal. Recent immunotherapy strategies have failed to yield any notable impact. Therefore, research is focussed on unearthing new drug targets and therapeutic strategies to tackle this malignancy and attain more positive outcomes for patients. AREAS COVERED In this perspective article, we evaluate the main resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the approaches to circumvent them. We also offer an assessment of concluded and ongoing trials of PDAC immunotherapy. Literature research was performed on Pubmed accessible through keywords such as: 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,' 'immunotherapy,' 'immunotherapy resistance,' 'immune escape,' 'biomarkers.' Papers published between 2000 and 2021 were selected. EXPERT OPINION The tumor microenvironment is a critical variable of treatment resistance because of its role as a physical barrier and inhibitory immune signaling. Promising therapeutic strategies appear to be a combination of immunotherapeutics with other targeted treatments. Going forward, predictive biomarkers are required to improve patient selection. Biomarker-driven trials could enhance approaches for assessing the role of immunotherapy in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pretta
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lai
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mara Persano
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Clelia Donisi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pinna
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Erika Cimbro
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alissa Parrino
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Dario Spanu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Mariani
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Nicole Liscia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Dubois
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Migliari
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentino Impera
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Saba
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valeria Pusceddu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pina Ziranu
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology Unit, University Hospital and University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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23
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Silvestris N, Argentiero A, Brunetti O, Sonnessa M, Colonna F, Delcuratolo S, Luchini C, Scarpa A, Lonardi S, Nappo F, Fassan M, Solimando AG, Fucci L, Saponaro C. PD-L1 and Notch as novel biomarkers in pancreatic sarcomatoid carcinoma: a pilot study. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:1007-1016. [PMID: 34846251 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.2011859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The improved immunological understanding revealed the tumor microenvironment as an appealing driver to restore the immune response against cancer cells resulting in a paradigm shift in the oncology field. However, the complexity of the tumor milieu suggests the role of several pathways linking in immunomodulation mechanisms. Pancreatic cancer represents a model of the intricate relationship between malignant cells and their surrounding neighborhood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, we analyzed, retrospectively, six cases of rare pancreatic sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) and evaluated the expression of PD-L1 and Notch, aiming to explore new attributes in immunophenotype. RESULTS PD-L1 CPS ≥ 1was common in PSCs (83%) with half samples expressing PD-L1 CPS ≥ 50. Notch1 and Notch3 demonstrated a high range of expression. A direct significant correlation between PD-L1 and Notch3 overexpression (r = 0.7; p = 0.036) has been observed. Immunofluorescence studies revealed a co-localization of Notch3 and PD-L1 when both proteins were over-expressed within cytoplasmic or membranous compartments of the same cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data identify a unique biological characterization of this rare pancreatic histotype. These findings provide a rationale for future studies evaluating the potential crosstalk between PD-L1/PD-1 axis and Notch pathways and prompting the development of novel therapeutics strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Argentiero
- Medical Oncology Unit - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Margherita Sonnessa
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Fulvia Colonna
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabina Delcuratolo
- Clinical Trial Office IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Enets Center of Excellence of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Section of Pathology, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Enets Center of Excellence of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Arc-net Applied Research on Cancer Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Lonardi
- Early Phase Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology Iov-irccs, Padua, Italy
- Medical Oncology Unit 1, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology Iov - Irccs, Padua, Italy
| | - Floriana Nappo
- Early Phase Clinical Trial Unit, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology Iov-irccs, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (Dimed), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology Iov - Irccs, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Medical Oncology Unit - IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Livia Fucci
- Pathology Department, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Concetta Saponaro
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy
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24
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Mucileanu A, Chira R, Mircea PA. PD-1/PD-L1 expression in pancreatic cancer and its implication in novel therapies. Med Pharm Rep 2021; 94:402-410. [PMID: 36105495 PMCID: PMC9389876 DOI: 10.15386/mpr-2116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of death in developed countries and it still has a poor prognosis despite intense research in the last 20 years. Immunotherapy is a relatively new strategy in cancer treatment. The aim of immunotherapy is to block the immunosuppressive effect of tumoral cells. The PD1/PD-L1 axis has an important role in the inhibition of effector T cells and the development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Blocking these checkpoints, and also inhibitory signals, leads to apoptosis of Tregs and increased immune response of effector T cells against tumoral antigens. Unfortunately, pancreatic cancer is generally considered to be a non-immunogenic tumor. Thus PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors demonstrated poor results in pancreatic cancer, excepting some patients with MSI/dMMR (microsatellite instability/deficient mismatch repair). Furthermore, pancreatic cancer has a particular microenvironment with a strong desmoplastic reaction, increased interstitial fluid pressure, hypoxic conditions, and acidic extracellular pH, which promote tumorigenesis and progression of the tumor. Mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) is correlated with a high level of mutation-associated neoantigens, most recognized by immune cells which could predict a favorable response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. PD-1/PD-L1 molecules could be also found as soluble forms (sPD-1, sPD-L1). These molecules have a potential role in the prognosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mucileanu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romeo Chira
- Gastroenterology Department, Medical Clinic No. 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Petru Adrian Mircea
- Gastroenterology Department, Medical Clinic No. 1, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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25
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Del Re M, Vivaldi C, Rofi E, Salani F, Crucitta S, Catanese S, Fontanelli L, Massa V, Cucchiara F, Fornaro L, Capuano A, Fogli S, Vasile E, Danesi R. Gemcitabine Plus Nab-Paclitaxel Induces PD-L1 mRNA Expression in Plasma-Derived Microvesicles in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3738. [PMID: 34359638 PMCID: PMC8345069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a non-immunogenic tumor poorly responsive to immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study investigates the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX), and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GEMnPAC) regimens on PD-L1 mRNA expression in plasma-derived microvesicles (MVs) in 50 PDAC patients. Plasma was collected before starting chemotherapy and after 3 months of treatment. mRNA was extracted from MVs, and PD-L1 expression was measured by digital droplet PCR. Twenty-eight patients were PD-L1 positive in MVs at baseline, of which 18 were in the GEMnPAC cohort and 10 in the FOLFIRINOX one. The amount of PD-L1 expression in MVs increased from baseline to 3 months of treatment in patients receiving GEMnPAC (median value 0.002 vs. 0.005; p = 0.01) compared to those treated with FOLFIRINOX (median 0.003 vs. 0.004; p = 0.97). The increase in PD-L1 mRNA expression in MVs was not related to tumor response (PR + SD: p = 0.08; PD: p = 0.28). Our findings demonstrate that GEMnPAC can increase PD-L1 mRNA expression in patient-derived circulating MVs, providing a rationale for testing the efficacy of this regimen in sequential or simultaneous combinations with immunotherapy in PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Del Re
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.R.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (F.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.V.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Eleonora Rofi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.R.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (F.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Francesca Salani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.V.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.R.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (F.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Silvia Catanese
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.V.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Fontanelli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.R.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (F.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Valentina Massa
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (C.V.); (F.S.); (S.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Federico Cucchiara
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.R.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (F.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Fornaro
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Stefano Fogli
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.R.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (F.C.); (S.F.)
| | - Enrico Vasile
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.F.); (E.V.)
| | - Romano Danesi
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.R.); (E.R.); (S.C.); (L.F.); (F.C.); (S.F.)
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Lin X, Ye L, Wang X, Liao Z, Dong J, Yang Y, Zhang R, Li H, Li P, Ding L, Li T, Zhang W, Xu S, Han X, Xu H, Wang W, Gao H, Yu X, Liu L. Follicular Helper T Cells Remodel the Immune Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer via Secreting CXCL13 and IL-21. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153678. [PMID: 34359579 PMCID: PMC8345153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The immunosuppressive microenvironment is closely related to the poor prognosis of patients with PDAC. Tfh cells play an anti-tumor function in various malignant solid tumors; however, the role of Tfh cells in PDAC has not been determined. In this study, we aimed to explore the function of Tfh cells in PDAC, and revealed a novel immunosuppressive mechanism mediated by Tfh cells. Tfh cells promoted the formation of an immunoactive tumor microenvironment by secreting CXCL13 and IL-21, and the high infiltration of Tfh cells correlated with better patient prognosis. However, the anti-tumor function of Tfh cells was inhibited by the PD-L1/PD-1 signaling pathway. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy could further reverse the function of Tfh cells. Our results provided new strategies to remodel the immunoactive tumor microenvironment of PDAC. Abstract Immunosuppression is an important factor for the poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Follicular helper T cells (Tfh cells) play an anti-tumor role in various malignant solid tumors and predict better patient prognosis. In the present study, we aimed to determine the immunosuppressive mechanism associated with Tfh cells and explore a new strategy to improve the tumor microenvironment of PDAC. Flow cytometry was used to detect the infiltration and proportion of Tfh cells in tumor tissues and peripheral blood from patients with PDAC. The spatial correlations of Tfh cells with related immune cells were evaluated using immunofluorescence. The function of Tfh cells was examined using in vitro and in vivo model systems. The high infiltration of Tfh cells predicted better prognosis in patients with PDAC. Tfh cells recruited CD8+ T cells and B cells by secreting C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), and promoted the maturation of B cells into antibody-producing plasma cells by secreting interleukin 21 (IL-21), thereby promoting the formation of an immunoactive tumor microenvironment. The function of Tfh cells was inhibited by the programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)/programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) signaling pathway in PDAC, which could be reversed using neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Treatment with recombinant CXCL13, IL-21 and Tfh cells alleviated tumor growth and enhanced the infiltration of CD8+ T cells and B cells, as well as B cell maturation in a PDAC mouse model. Our results revealed the important role of Tfh cells in mediating anti-tumor cellular immunity and humoral immunity in PDAC via secreting CXCL13 and IL-21 and determined a novel mechanism of immunosuppression in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Longyun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenyu Liao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Dong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rulin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200080, China;
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wuhu Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuaishuai Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuan Han
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huaxiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Heli Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (L.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-6403-1446 (X.Y.); +86-21-6403-1446 (L.L.)
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (X.L.); (L.Y.); (X.W.); (Z.L.); (J.D.); (Y.Y.); (H.L.); (P.L.); (L.D.); (T.L.); (W.Z.); (S.X.); (X.H.); (H.X.); (W.W.); (H.G.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (L.L.); Tel./Fax: +86-21-6403-1446 (X.Y.); +86-21-6403-1446 (L.L.)
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Zhang M, Huang L, Ding G, Huang H, Cao G, Sun X, Lou N, Wei Q, Shen T, Xu X, Cao L, Yan Q. Interferon gamma inhibits CXCL8-CXCR2 axis mediated tumor-associated macrophages tumor trafficking and enhances anti-PD1 efficacy in pancreatic cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2019-000308. [PMID: 32051287 PMCID: PMC7057481 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a common malignancy of the digestive system and is characterized by poor prognosis and early metastasis. Tumor immune escape plays an important role in PC progression. Programmed death 1 (PD1) blockade therapy is a promising treatment for patients with PC, but is yet to achieve significant clinical effects so far. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) is a soluble dimeric cytokine that is closely associated with tumor immune surveillance and cytotoxicity. IFN-γ suppresses a variety of tumor-derived cytokines in PC, such as CXCL8. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of combined anti-PD1 and IFN-γ treatment in PC. Methods BxPC-3 and Panc-1 human PC cell lines were used to construct a murine PC model. Blood samples (n=44) and surgical resection specimens (n=36) from human patients with PC were also collected. χ2 test, two-tailed unpaired t-test or Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to calculate p values. Results PD1/PD-L1 signaling was overexpressed in PC tumor-bearing mice. Anti-PD1 prevented tumor growth if initiated early after tumor inoculation; however, delayed anti-PD1 treatment showed limited benefit. Murine PC model had a preferential expansion of CXCR2+CD68+ macrophages, and these cells showed an immunosuppressive nature (M2 polarization). PC tumors overexpressed CXCL8 and tumor-derived CXCL8 deficiency prohibited the trafficking of CXCR2+CD68+ macrophages. IFN-γ suppressed the expression of tumor-derived CXCL8, and combined with IFN-γ treatment, delayed anti-PD1 treatment showed significant antitumor effects. Thus, we conclude that murine CXCR2+CD68+ macrophages traffic to PC tumors by tumor-derived CXCL8 and mediate local immunosuppression, which limits the efficacy of PD1 blockade therapy. IFN-γ suppresses tumor-derived CXCL8 and inhibits the tumor trafficking of CXCR2+CD68+ macrophages by blocking the CXCL8–CXCR2 axis to enhance anti-PD1 efficacy. Human PC also produces high levels of CXCL8. Patients with PC present elevated CXCR2 expression on peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD68+ macrophages, which are associated with advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis. Conclusion Our findings suggest that IFN-γ is a translatable, therapeutic option to improve the efficacy of PD1 blockade therapy by preventing trafficking of CXCR2+CD68+ macrophages via blocking the CXCL8–CXCR2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedicine and Health, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Ding
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huilian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Neng Lou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, China
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Lee JB, Ahn BC, Kim SH, Lee YH, Han JW, Jeon MK, Kim SH, Kim HS. Prognostic implications of PD-L1 expression in patients with angiosarcoma. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO691. [PMID: 34046193 PMCID: PMC8147824 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: There are limited data on the feasibility of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression as a prognostic biomarker in metastatic angiosarcoma. Patients & methods: We retrospectively collected and analyzed the data on PD-L1 expression in 70 angiosarcoma patients who were diagnosed at our center between 2005 and 2019. Results: Thirteen (19%) patients had PD-L1 expression. Metastatic angiosarcoma patients who were PD-L1-negative (n = 24) showed longer median progression-free survival (4.9 vs 1.6 months; p = 0.04) and median overall survival (OS; 10.9 vs 5.4 months; p = 0.01) than those who were PD-L1-positive (n = 4). PD-L1 status proved to be a significant factor for OS. Conclusion: Metastatic angiosarcoma patients with PD-L1 expression showed shorter survival. PD-L1 status is an independent prognostic factor for OS in metastatic angiosarcoma patients. Angiosarcoma, a rare subtype of sarcoma, is highly aggressive and has poor prognosis. The majority of patients are diagnosed at advanced and metastatic stages, and treatment options for these subsets of patients are limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Validation of prognostic markers including PD-L1 expression remain to be fully carried out in metastatic angiosarcoma. In our study, we assessed the PD-L1 expression in metastatic angiosarcoma and its role as a prognostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jii Bum Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beung-Chul Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Han Lee
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Woo Han
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hee Kim
- Pathology Center, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Song Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Olaoba OT, Ligali FC, Alabi ZO, Akinyemi AO, Ayinde KS. Of immune checkpoint maladies and remedies: The throwing of jabs in the oncogenic ring of PDAC. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188483. [PMID: 33232723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The upregulation of co-inhibitory checkpoint receptors/ligands that inactivate antitumor T-cells, the enhancement of Tregs-mediated trogocytosis that contribute delayed maturation of antigen presenting cell (APC), and the high Tregs/CD+8 ratio that maintained low threshold of CD+8 cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME); all represent the nuances in the immune evasive strategies of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC is the most aggressive type of pancreatic cancers characterized by poor prognosis and extremely low survivability. Over the years, fraternity of scientists have developed therapeutic agents that can bolster the capacity of the antitumor immunity, usually via the inhibition of immune checkpoints. While this immune checkpoint inhibition therapy represents one major jab from immunity to PDAC, this cancer remains highly resistant due to the acme of desmoplasia in its TME. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of various checkpoint receptors/ligands axes that are relevant to the fitness of PDAC in its oncogenic ring. These checkpoints include PD-1, CTLA-4, ICOS, TIM-3, TIGIT, BTLA, BTN3A, and VISTA. In addition, we provided evidences that are relevant to the understanding of immune checkpoint inhibition, with extensive outline of immune checkpoint inhibitors that are critical to the treatment of PDAC. Finally, we discuss recently known intricacies of PDAC-mediated immunosuppression, and current advances in treatment options. Having realized that the overall scenario between PDAC and antitumor immunity is like the throwing of jabs in a ring, we therefore discuss future directions and prospect that can knock out PDAC in favor of immunity and humanity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olamide T Olaoba
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biochemistry, Federal University Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Funmilayo C Ligali
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Zaccheaus O Alabi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Biochemistry of Microorganisms, Federal University Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Amos O Akinyemi
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Federal University Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Kehinde S Ayinde
- Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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PD-L1 regulates tumorigenesis and autophagy of ovarian cancer by activating mTORC signaling. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221398. [PMID: 31799599 PMCID: PMC6923342 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PD-L1 is a well-known immune co-stimulatory molecule that regulates tumour cell escape from immunity by suppressing the immune response. However, the clinical significance of PD-L1 in the progression of ovarian cancer is unclear. Our study demonstrated that PD-L1 is up-regulated in ovarian tumour tissue compared with its expression level in adjacent normal tissue. Furthermore, we confirmed that PD-L1 increases the proliferation of cancer cells by activating the AKT-mTORC signalling pathway, which is also enhanced by the expression of S6K, the substrate of mTORC. In addition, PD-L1 promotes the autophagy of ovarian cancer cells by up-regulating the expression of BECN1, a crucial molecule involved in the regulation of autophagy. In conclusion, PD-L1 may provide a target for the development of a novel strategy for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Song X, Hu Y, Li Y, Shao R, Liu F, Liu Y. Overview of current targeted therapy in gallbladder cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:230. [PMID: 33028805 PMCID: PMC7542154 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is rare, but is the most malignant type of biliary tract tumor. Unfortunately, only a small population of cancer patients is acceptable for the surgical resection, the current effective regimen; thus, the high mortality rate has been static for decades. To substantially circumvent the stagnant scenario, a number of therapeutic approaches owing to the creation of advanced technologic measures (e.g., next-generation sequencing, transcriptomics, proteomics) have been intensively innovated, which include targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. In the current review, we primarily focus on the targeted therapy capable of specifically inhibiting individual key molecules that govern aberrant signaling cascades in GBC. Global clinical trials of targeted therapy in GBC are updated and may offer great value for novel pathologic and therapeutic insights of this deadly disease, ultimately improving the efficacy of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Song
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunping Hu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Shao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fatao Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Laboratory of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200127, Shanghai, China.
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32
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Gromisch C, Qadan M, Machado MA, Liu K, Colson Y, Grinstaff MW. Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Unconventional Approaches for an Unconventional Disease. Cancer Res 2020; 80:3179-3192. [PMID: 32220831 PMCID: PMC7755309 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights current treatments, limitations, and pitfalls in the management of pancreatic cancer and discusses current research in novel targets and drug development to overcome these clinical challenges. We begin with a review of the clinical landscape of pancreatic cancer, including genetic and environmental risk factors, as well as limitations in disease diagnosis and prevention. We next discuss current treatment paradigms for pancreatic cancer and the shortcomings of targeted therapy in this disease. Targeting major driver mutations in pancreatic cancer, such as dysregulation in the KRAS and TGFβ signaling pathways, have failed to improve survival outcomes compared with nontargeted chemotherapy; thus, we describe new advances in therapy such as Ras-binding pocket inhibitors. We then review next-generation approaches in nanomedicine and drug delivery, focusing on preclinical advancements in novel optical probes, antibodies, small-molecule agents, and nucleic acids to improve surgical outcomes in resectable disease, augment current therapies, expand druggable targets, and minimize morbidity. We conclude by summarizing progress in current research, identifying areas for future exploration in drug development and nanotechnology, and discussing future prospects for management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Gromisch
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Biomedical Engineering, and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Motaz Qadan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mariana Albuquerque Machado
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Biomedical Engineering, and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kebin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yolonda Colson
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Biomedical Engineering, and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Unique Spatial Immune Profiling in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma with Enrichment of Exhausted and Senescent T Cells and Diffused CD47-SIRPα Expression. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071825. [PMID: 32645996 PMCID: PMC7408661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is resistant to single-agent immunotherapies. To understand the mechanisms leading to the poor response to this treatment, a better understanding of the PDAC immune landscape is required. The present work aims to study the immune profile in PDAC in relationship to spatial heterogeneity of the tissue microenvironment (TME) in intact tissues. Methods: Serial section and multiplex in situ analysis were performed in 42 PDAC samples to assess gene and protein expression at single-cell resolution in the: (a) tumor center (TC), (b) invasive front (IF), (c) normal parenchyma adjacent to the tumor, and (d) tumor positive and negative draining lymph nodes (LNs). Results: We observed: (a) enrichment of T cell subpopulations with exhausted and senescent phenotype in the TC, IF and tumor positive LNs; (b) a dominant type 2 immune response in the TME, which is more pronounced in the TC; (c) an emerging role of CD47-SIRPα axis; and (d) a similar immune cell topography independently of the neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Conclusion: This study reveals the existence of dysfunctional T lymphocytes with specific spatial distribution, thus opening a new dimension both conceptually and mechanistically in tumor-stroma interaction in PDAC with potential impact on the efficacy of immune-regulatory therapeutic modalities.
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Yang G, Yin J, Ou K, Du Q, Ren W, Jin Y, Peng L, Yang L. Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells of the pancreas harboring KRAS and BRCA mutations: case report and whole exome sequencing analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:202. [PMID: 32590950 PMCID: PMC7318525 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (UC-OGC) is an extremely uncommon pancreatic neoplasm that comprises less than 1% of all exocrine pancreatic tumors. To date, cases and data from whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis have been reported by specific studies. We report a case of pancreatic UC-OGC with a literature review, and provide novel insights into the molecular characteristics of this tumor entity. Case presentation A 31-year-old male presented with intermittent abdominal pain for several months, and positron emission tomography (PET) showed isolated high metabolic nodules during the pancreatic uncinate process that were likely to be malignant disease. Pathological examination after radical excision revealed UC-OGC associated with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma at the head of the pancreas. The disease recurred 7.4 months after radical surgery. The KRAS p.G12D (c.35G > A) and somatic BRCA2 p.R2896C (c.8686C > T) mutations were detected by subsequent WES analysis. The patient showed no response to platinum-based systemic chemotherapy, and his condition quickly worsened. He finally died, with an overall survival of 1 year. Conclusions As an extremely uncommon tumor entity, UC-OGC is really a unique variant of conventional pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma due to its similarities, as shown by genomic WES analysis. Clinical examination and molecular analysis by WES could further indicate potential treatment strategies for UC-OGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jiangxia Yin
- Department of Oncology, Shouguang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, 262700, China
| | - Kai Ou
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qiang Du
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujing Jin
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Liming Peng
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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35
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Deng Y, Zhou T, Wu JL, Chen Y, Shen CY, Zeng M, Chen T, Zhang XM. The impact of molecular classification based on the transcriptome of pancreatic cancer: from bench to bedside. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RADIOLOGY 2020; 3:67-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s42058-020-00037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
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36
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Abdkarimi S, Razi Soofiyani S, Elham G, Mashhadi Abdolahi H, Safarzadeh E, Baradaran B. Targeting immune checkpoints: Building better therapeutic puzzle in pancreatic cancer combination therapy. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 29:e13268. [PMID: 32459388 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is related to a very weak diagnosis; the close parallel between disease incidence and mortality rates from pancreatic cancer reflects the fatal nature of this disease. Although early detection procedures are growing, they are not applicable yet for pancreatic cancer. The majority of cancer patients suffer from advanced disease, in which surgery has no potential effect. Based on the growing evidence, it is predicated that cancer immunotherapy alone or in combination will probably be an essential section of different cancer treatment methods. There are different kinds of immune processes, including various antitumour and tumour-promoting leukocytes. Moreover, tumour cells utilise numerous approaches to overwhelm the immune response. Use of antibody in the therapeutic protocols is proving significant success and is probably a key element of cancer treatment. This method is directed against numerous negative immunologic regulators and immune checkpoints. In the present review, the clinical outlines of immune checkpoint inhibition are discussed in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Abdkarimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Goli Elham
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Mashhadi Abdolahi
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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37
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Mucciolo G, Roux C, Scagliotti A, Brugiapaglia S, Novelli F, Cappello P. The dark side of immunotherapy: pancreatic cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2020; 3:491-520. [PMID: 35582441 PMCID: PMC8992483 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2020.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the journal Science deemed cancer immunotherapy as the "breakthrough of the year" in 2014, there has been an explosion of clinical trials involving immunotherapeutic approaches that, in the last decade - thanks also to the renaissance of the immunosurveillance theory (renamed the three Es theory) - have been continuously and successfully developed. In the latest update of the development of the immuno-oncology drug pipeline, published last November by Nature Review Drug Discovery, it was clearly reported that the immunoactive drugs under study almost doubled in just two years. Of the different classes of passive and active immunotherapies, "cell therapy" is the fastest growing. The aim of this review is to discuss the preclinical and clinical studies that have focused on different immuno-oncology approaches applied to pancreatic cancer, which we assign to the "dark side" of immunotherapy, in the sense that it represents one of the solid tumors showing less response to this type of therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Mucciolo
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- The two authors contributed equally
| | - Cecilia Roux
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- The two authors contributed equally
| | - Alessandro Scagliotti
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Silvia Brugiapaglia
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Francesco Novelli
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Paola Cappello
- Center for Experimental Research and Medical Studies (CERMS), Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin 10126, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
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38
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Fan JQ, Wang MF, Chen HL, Shang D, Das JK, Song J. Current advances and outlooks in immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:32. [PMID: 32061257 PMCID: PMC7023714 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an incurable cancer resistant to traditional treatments, although a limited number of early-stage patients can undergo radical resection. Immunotherapies for the treatment of haematological malignancies as well as solid tumours have been substantially improved over the past decades, and impressive results have been obtained in recent preclinical and clinical trials. However, PDAC is likely the exception because of its unique tumour microenvironment (TME). In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the PDAC TME and focus on the network of various tumour-infiltrating immune cells, outlining the current advances in PDAC immunotherapy and addressing the effect of the PDAC TME on immunotherapy. This review further explores the combinations of different therapies used to enhance antitumour efficacy or reverse immunodeficiencies and describes optimizable immunotherapeutic strategies for PDAC. The concordant combination of various treatments, such as targeting cancer cells and the stroma, reversing suppressive immune reactions and enhancing antitumour reactivity, may be the most promising approach for the treatment of PDAC. Traditional treatments, especially chemotherapy, may also be optimized for individual patients to remodel the immunosuppressive microenvironment for enhanced therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-qiao Fan
- Third General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng-Fei Wang
- Third General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hai-Long Chen
- Third General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Third General Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jugal K. Das
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX USA
| | - Jianxun Song
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX USA
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39
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Delayre T, Guilbaud T, Resseguier N, Mamessier E, Rubis M, Moutardier V, Fara R, Berdah SV, Garcia S, Birnbaum DJ. Prognostic impact of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and cancer-associated fibroblasts in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the body and tail undergoing resection. Br J Surg 2020; 107:720-733. [PMID: 31960955 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer remains poor and novel therapeutic targets are required urgently. Treatment resistance could be due to the tumour microenvironment, a desmoplastic stroma consisting of cancer-associated fibroblasts and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic value of TILs and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in pancreatic cancer of the body and tail. METHODS Using tissue microarray from resected left-sided pancreatic cancer specimens, the immunohistochemistry of TILs (cluster of differentiation (CD) 45, CD3, CD4, FoxP3 and CD8), CAFs (vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)) and functional markers (PD-L1 and Ki-67) was examined, and the association with disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survival investigated using a computer-assisted quantitative analysis. Patients were classified into two groups, with low or high levels or ratios, using the 75th percentile value as the cut-off. RESULTS Forty-three patients were included in the study. Their median DFS and OS were 9 and 27 months respectively. A high CD4/CD3 lymphocyte ratio was associated with poorer DFS (8 months versus 11 months for a low ratio) (hazard ratio (HR) 2·23, 95 per cent c.i. 1·04 to 4·61; P = 0·041) and OS (13 versus 27 months respectively) (HR 2·62, 1·11 to 5·88; P = 0·028). A low αSMA/vimentin ratio together with a high CD4/CD3 ratio was correlated with poorer outcomes. No significant association was found between Ki-67, PD-L1 and survival. CONCLUSION In patients with resected left-sided pancreatic cancer, a tumour microenvironment characterized by a high CD4/CD3 lymphocyte ratio along with a low αSMA/vimentin ratio is correlated with poorer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Delayre
- Digestive and Oncological Surgery Unit, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - T Guilbaud
- Digestive and Oncological Surgery Unit, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - N Resseguier
- Digestive and Oncological Surgery Unit, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - E Mamessier
- Digestive and Oncological Surgery Unit, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - M Rubis
- Digestive and Oncological Surgery Unit, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - V Moutardier
- Digestive and Oncological Surgery Unit, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - R Fara
- Digestive and Oncological Surgery Unit, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - S V Berdah
- Digestive and Oncological Surgery Unit, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - S Garcia
- Digestive and Oncological Surgery Unit, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - D J Birnbaum
- Digestive and Oncological Surgery Unit, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915, Marseille Cedex 20, France
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Yoshida S, Ito Z, Suka M, Bito T, Kan S, Akasu T, Saruta M, Okamoto M, Kitamura H, Fujioka S, Misawa T, Akiba T, Yanagisawa H, Sugiyama H, Koido S. Clinical Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells and Programed Death Ligand-1 in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:463-477. [PMID: 31490702 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1661427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The associations of the immunological status of the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) microenvironment with prognosis were assessed. A high tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density was associated with a better prognosis. Importantly, even with a high density of TILs, the PDA cells with programed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression showed a worse prognosis than the patients with negative PD-L1 expression. A significant association between a better prognosis and a tumor microenvironment with a high TIL density/negative PD-L1 expression was observed. Assessments of a combined immunological status in the tumor microenvironment may predict the prognosis of PDA patients following surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayumi Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Zensho Ito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Machi Suka
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tsuuse Bito
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shin Kan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Chiba , Japan
| | - Takafumi Akasu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Masayuki Saruta
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masato Okamoto
- Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine , Kanagawa , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kitamura
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Shuichi Fujioka
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Takeyuki Misawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Tadashi Akiba
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Haruo Sugiyama
- Department of Functional Diagnostic Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka , Japan
| | - Shigeo Koido
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Kashiwa Hospital , Chiba , Japan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine and Research, The Jikei University School of Medicine , Chiba , Japan
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41
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Lu Z, Weniger M, Jiang K, Boeck S, Zhang K, Bazhin A, Miao Y, Werner J, D'Haese JG. Therapies Targeting the Tumor Stroma and the VEGF/VEGFR Axis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Target Oncol 2019; 13:447-459. [PMID: 30062609 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-018-0578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abundant tumor stroma is a hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and is suggested to play a role in the resistance of this deadly disease to systemic treatment. Despite promising results from preclinical studies, clinical trials with therapies targeting the tumor stroma and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor VEGFR yielded conflicting results. With this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to summarize the existing evidence in this important field with a special focus on anti-VEGF/VEGFR therapy. A total of 24 clinical studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating anti-VEGF/VEGFR agents were further included in the quantitative synthesis. The qualitative synthesis revealed a treatment advantage of combined therapy with nab-paclitaxel, while the meta-analysis on anti-VEGF/VEGFR drugs demonstrated marginal improvement of objective response rates and progression-free survival, but not overall survival. Stroma targeting is a promising and rapidly-developing treatment strategy in PDAC. However, novel drugs balancing stroma depletion and modulation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Lu
- Pancreas Center & Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weniger
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kuirong Jiang
- Pancreas Center & Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Stefan Boeck
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Zhang
- Pancreas Center & Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Alexander Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center & Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan G D'Haese
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Billon E, Finetti P, Bertucci A, Niccoli P, Birnbaum D, Mamessier E, Bertucci F. PDL1 expression is associated with longer postoperative, survival in adrenocortical carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1655362. [PMID: 31646101 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1655362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are heterogeneous cancers associated with a very poor prognosis. The improvement of prognostic tools and systemic therapy are urgently needed. Targeting the immune system using checkpoint inhibitors such as PD1/PDL1 inhibitors is an attractive novel therapeutic strategy for poor-prognosis tumors. Multiple clinical trials are ongoing, including in advanced ACC. However, PDL1 expression has been studied in ACC in only one heterogeneous series of 28 clinical samples. Here, we have retrospectively analyzed PDL1 mRNA expression in 146 clinical ACC samples and searched for correlations between expression and biological and clinicopathological data, including post-operative disease-free survival (DFS). PDL1 mRNA expression was heterogeneous across samples. "PDL1-high" tumors were not associated with the classical prognostic variables but were associated with longer DFS in both uni- and multivariate analyses. High PDL1 mRNA expression was associated with biological signs of the cytotoxic local immune response. Supervised analysis between "PDL1-high" and "PDL1-low" tumors identified a robust 370-gene signature whose ontology analysis suggested the existence in "PDL1-high" tumors of a cytotoxic T-cell response, however, associated with some degree of T-cell exhaustion. In conclusion, PDL1 mRNA expression refines the prognostication in ACC and high expression is associated with longer DFS. Clinical validation at the protein level and functional validation are required to fully understand the role of PDL1 in ACC. Reactivation of dormant tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes by PDL1-inhibitors could represent a promising strategy in "PDL1-high" ACCs, supporting the ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilien Billon
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Laboratoire Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Bertucci
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Niccoli
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Laboratoire Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Mamessier
- Laboratoire Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Laboratoire Oncologie Prédictive, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, INSERM UMR1068, CNRS UMR725, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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43
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Henriksen A, Dyhl-Polk A, Chen I, Nielsen D. Checkpoint inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 78:17-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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44
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BioTarget: A Computational Framework Identifying Cancer Type Specific Transcriptional Targets of Immune Response Pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9029. [PMID: 31227749 PMCID: PMC6588588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptome data can provide information on signaling pathways active in cancers, but new computational tools are needed to more accurately quantify pathway activity and identify tissue-specific pathway features. We developed a computational method called “BioTarget” that incorporates ChIP-seq data into cellular pathway analysis. This tool relates the expression of transcription factor TF target genes (based on ChIP-seq data) with the status of upstream signaling components for an accurate quantification of pathway activity. This analysis also reveals TF targets expressed in specific contexts/tissues. We applied BioTarget to assess the activity of TBX21 and GATA3 pathways in cancers. TBX21 and GATA3 are TF regulators that control the differentiation of T cells into Th1 and Th2 helper cells that mediate cell-based and humoral immune responses, respectively. Since tumor immune responses can impact cancer progression, the significance of our pathway scores should be revealed by effective patient stratification. We found that low Th1/Th2 activity ratios were associated with a significantly poorer survival of stomach and breast cancer patients, whereas an unbalanced Th1/Th2 response was correlated with poorer survival of colon cancer patients. Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma patients had the lowest survival rates when both Th1 and Th2 responses were high. Our method also identified context-specific target genes for TBX21 and GATA3. Applying the BioTarget tool to BCL6, a TF associated with germinal center lymphocytes, we observed that patients with an active BCL6 pathway had significantly improved survival for breast, colon, and stomach cancer. Our findings support the effectiveness of the BioTarget tool for transcriptome analysis and point to interesting associations between some immune-response pathways and cancer progression.
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45
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Lekka K, Tzitzi E, Giakoustidis A, Papadopoulos V, Giakoustidis D. Contemporary management of borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Ann Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg 2019; 23:97-108. [PMID: 31225409 PMCID: PMC6558121 DOI: 10.14701/ahbps.2019.23.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most aggressive tumors, with a low rate of survival, likely due to the tendency of the tumor for early local and distant spread. Pancreatic cancer accounts for about 3% of all cancers in the US and about 7% of all cancer deaths. Surgical resection still represents the best curative treatment for PDAC, although only 10–20% of patients are upfront resectable at diagnosis, 50% has metastatic disease and 35% locally advanced cancer. The 5-year overall survival (OS) after curative resection is limited to 20%. Moreover among patients who undergo surgery, 30% develop early recurrence while most of them will eventually relapse. The risk of early failure after surgery could be associated with inadequate preoperative radiological staging, lack of radical surgery and differences in tumor aggressiveness. In recent years, more accurate patient categorization due to sophisticated imaging tools and techniques increase the survival rate while neoadjuvant treatment can help surgeons select patients who will benefit most from surgery. Neoadjuvant therapy includes chemotherapy alone, chemoradiotherapy, chemotherapy with chemoradiation and targeted therapies. The aim of this review is to present the available data concerning the management of patients with borderline PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Lekka
- First Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evanthia Tzitzi
- First Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- First Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Giakoustidis
- First Department of Surgery, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital Papageorgiou, Thessaloniki, Greece
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46
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Danilova L, Ho WJ, Zhu Q, Vithayathil T, De Jesus-Acosta A, Azad NS, Laheru DA, Fertig EJ, Anders R, Jaffee EM, Yarchoan M. Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) and CD8 Expression Profiling Identify an Immunologic Subtype of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas with Favorable Survival. Cancer Immunol Res 2019; 7:886-895. [PMID: 31043417 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-18-0822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint therapy has failed to demonstrate meaningful clinical benefit in unselected cases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but a subset of PDACs are known to upregulate pathways involved in acquired immune suppression. Further delineation of immunologic subtypes of PDAC is necessary to improve clinical trial designs and identify patients who might benefit from immune-checkpoint therapy. We used clinical survival and RNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate the relationship between immune-modulating pathways and immune subset markers and their impact on survival in PDAC patients. Of the adaptive immune-resistance pathways, expression of PD-L1 and IDO1 was individually associated with poor survival. Although CD8 expression alone was not correlated with survival, the combination of PD-L1- and high CD8 expression identified a subtype with favorable survival. We further extended these observations using an independent PDAC cohort from our institution via IHC, again observing that the PD-L1-/CD8high subtype was associated with positive prognosis. Although PDAC is regarded as a poorly immunogenic cancer type, these findings infer that T-cell infiltration in the absence of adaptive immune-resistance pathways is a feature of long-term survival in PDAC and imply the importance of developing future immunotherapeutic strategies based on data-supported biomarkers to refine patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Danilova
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Won Jin Ho
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Teena Vithayathil
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ana De Jesus-Acosta
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nilofer S Azad
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel A Laheru
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert Anders
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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47
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Lim SA, Kim J, Jeon S, Shin MH, Kwon J, Kim TJ, Im K, Han Y, Kwon W, Kim SW, Yee C, Kim SJ, Jang JY, Lee KM. Defective Localization With Impaired Tumor Cytotoxicity Contributes to the Immune Escape of NK Cells in Pancreatic Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:496. [PMID: 31024520 PMCID: PMC6465515 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), found in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), are shown to correlate with overall survival (OS) rate. Although majority of TILs consist of CD8+/CD4+ T cells, the presence of NK cells and their role in the pathogenesis of PDAC remains elusive. We performed comprehensive analyses of TIL, PBMC, and autologous tumor cells from 80 enrolled resectable PDAC patients to comprehend the NK cell defects within PDAC. Extremely low frequencies of NK cells (<0.5%) were found within PDAC tumors, which was attributable not to the low expression of tumor chemokines, but to the lack of chemokine receptor, CXCR2. Forced expression of CXCR2 in patients' NK cells rendered them capable of trafficking into PDAC. Furthermore, NK cells exhibited impaired cell-mediated killing of autologous PDAC cells, primarily due to insufficient ligation of NKG2D and DNAM-1, and failed to proliferate within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Importantly, these defects could be overcome by ex-vivo stimulation of NK cells from such patients. Importantly, when the proliferative capacity of NK cells in vitro was used to stratify patients on the basis of cell expansion, patients whose NK cells proliferated <250-fold experienced significantly lower DFS and OS than those with ≥250-fold. Ex-vivo activation of NK cells restored tumor trafficking and reactivity, hence provided a therapeutic modality while their fold expansion could be a potentially significant prognostic indicator of OS and DFS in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ah Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Hwa Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joonha Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungtaek Im
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Han
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Whe Kim
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States.,Center for Bio- Integrated Electronics, Simpson Querrey Institute, Evanston, IL, United States
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48
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Daniel SK, Sullivan KM, Labadie KP, Pillarisetty VG. Hypoxia as a barrier to immunotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:10. [PMID: 30931508 PMCID: PMC6441665 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal disease with limited response to cytotoxic chemoradiotherapy, as well as newer immunotherapies. The PDA tumor microenvironment contains infiltrating immune cells including cytotoxic T cells; however, there is an overall immunosuppressive milieu. Hypoxia is a known element of the solid tumor microenvironment and may promote tumor survival. Through various mechanisms including, but not limited to, those mediated by HIF-1α, hypoxia also leads to increased tumor proliferation and metabolic changes. Furthermore, epithelial to mesenchymal transition is promoted through several pathways, including NOTCH and c-MET, regulated by hypoxia. Hypoxia-promoted changes also contribute to the immunosuppressive phenotype seen in many different cell types within the microenvironment and thereby may inhibit an effective immune system response to PDA. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and myofibroblasts appear to contribute to the recruitment of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and B cells in PDA via cytokines increased due to hypoxia. PSCs also increase collagen secretion in response to HIF-1α, which promotes a fibrotic stroma that alters T cell homing and migration. In hypoxic environments, B cells contribute to cytotoxic T cell exhaustion and produce chemokines to attract more immunosuppressive regulatory T cells. MDSCs inhibit T cell metabolism by hoarding key amino acids, modulate T cell homing by cleaving L-selectin, and prevent T cell activation by increasing PD-L1 expression. Immunosuppressive M2 phenotype macrophages promote T cell anergy via increased nitric oxide (NO) and decreased arginine in hypoxia. Increased numbers of regulatory T cells are seen in hypoxia which prevent effector T cell activation through cytokine production and increased CTLA-4. Effective immunotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma and other solid tumors will need to help counteract the immunosuppressive nature of hypoxia-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment. Promising studies will look at combination therapies involving checkpoint inhibitors, chemokine inhibitors, and possible targeting of hypoxia. While no model is perfect, assuring that models incorporate the effects of hypoxia on cancer cells, stromal cells, and effector immune cells will be crucial in developing successful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Daniel
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - K M Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - K P Labadie
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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49
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Pan L, Shang N, Shangguan J, Figini M, Xing W, Wang B, Sun C, Yang J, Zhang Y, Hu S, Ma Q, Wang J, Velichko Y, Yaghmai V, Benson AB, Zhang Z. Magnetic resonance imaging monitoring therapeutic response to dendritic cell vaccine in murine orthotopic pancreatic cancer models. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:562-573. [PMID: 30949410 PMCID: PMC6448058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) carries the worst prognosis and caused one of the highest cancer-related mortalities. Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination is a promising cancer immunotherapy; however, the clinical outcomes are often poor. The administration route of DC vaccine can significantly alter the anti-tumor immune response. Here we report on the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses induced by DC vaccination administered via intraperitoneal (IP) for murine PDAC, and the longitudinal assessment of tumor growth and therapeutic responses using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we established murine orthotopic Panc02 models of PDAC and delivered apoptotic Panc02 cell-pulsed DCs via IP injection. The migration of Panc02-pulsed DCs into spleens significantly increased from 6 h to 12 h after initiation of treatment (P = 0.002), and Panc02-pulsed DCs injected via IP induced a significantly higher level of CTL responses against Panc02 cells compared to unpulsed DCs. Tumor size and tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured on MR images. Tumor sizes were significantly smaller in the treated mice than in the untreated mice (P < 0.05). The reduction of tumor ADC was less in the treated mice than in the untreated mice (P < 0.05), and the changes in tumor ADC showed significant negative correlation with the changes in tumor volume (r = -0.882, 95% confidence interval, -0.967 to -0.701, P < 0.0001). These results demonstrated the efficacy of DC vaccination administered via IP injection in murine PDAC, and the feasibility of ADC measurement as an imaging biomarker for assessment of therapeutic responses in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Pan
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Na Shang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Junjie Shangguan
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Matteo Figini
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityChangzhou 213003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266005, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Su Hu
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Quanhong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038, China
| | - Yury Velichko
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterChicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Vahid Yaghmai
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterChicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Al B Benson
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterChicago 60611, IL, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago 60611, IL, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer CenterChicago 60611, IL, USA
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50
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POLE Score: a comprehensive profiling of programmed death 1 ligand 1 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1572-1588. [PMID: 30899426 PMCID: PMC6422186 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) being characterized by a pronounced stromal compartment is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage limiting curative treatment options. Although therapeutical targeting of immune checkpoint regulators like programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) represent a promising approach that substantially improved survival of several highly aggressive malignancies, convincing indicators for response prediction are still lacking for PDAC which might be attributed to the insufficient characterization of PD-L1 status. Therefore, we investigated PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry in a well characterized cohort of 59 PDAC and 18 peritumoral tissues. Despite the histopathological homogeneity within our cohort, tumor tissues exhibited a great heterogeneity regarding PD-L1 expression. Considering distinct PD-L1 expression patterns, we established the novel POLE Score that incorporates overall PD-L1 expression (P), cellular Origin of PD-L1 (O), PD-L1 level in tumor-associated Lymph follicles (L) and Enumerated local PD-L1 distribution (E). We show that tumoral PD-L1 expression is higher compared to peritumoral areas. Furthermore, POLE Score parameters correlated with overall survival, tumor grade, Ki67 status, local proximity of tumor cells and particular stroma composition. For the first time, we demonstrate that PD-L1 is mostly expressed by stroma and rarely by tumor cells in PDAC. Moreover, our in situ analyses on serial tissue sections and in vitro data suggest that PD-L1 is prominently expressed by tumor-associated macrophages. In conclusion, POLE Score represents a comprehensive characterization of PD-L1 expression in tumor and stroma compartment and might provide the basis for improved patient stratification in future clinical trials on PD-1/PD-L1 targeting therapies in PDAC.
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