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Maher NG, Scolyer RA, Colebatch AJ. Biology and genetics of acquired and congenital melanocytic naevi. Pathology 2023; 55:169-177. [PMID: 36635156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.12.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acquired and congenital melanocytic naevi are common benign neoplasms. Understanding their biology and genetics will help clinicians and pathologists correctly diagnose melanocytic tumours, and generate insights into naevus aetiology and melanomagenesis. Genomic data from published studies analysing acquired and congenital melanocytic naevi, including oncogenic driver mutations, common melanoma associated mutations, copy number aberrations, somatic mutation signature patterns, methylation profile, and single nucleotide polymorphisms, were reviewed. Correlation of genomic changes to dermoscopic features, particular anatomic sites and total body naevus counts, was also performed. This review also highlights current scientific theories and evidence concerning naevi growth arrest. Acquired and congenital melanocytic naevi show simple genomes, typically characterised by mutually exclusive single oncogenic driver mutations in either BRAF or NRAS genes. Genomic differences exist between acquired and congenital naevi, common and dysplastic naevi, and by dermoscopic features. Acquired naevi show a higher rate of BRAF hotspot mutations and a lower rate of NRAS hotspot mutations compared to congenital naevi. Dysplastic naevi show upregulation of follicular keratinocyte-related genes compared to common naevi. Anatomical locations and DNA signatures of naevi implicates ultraviolet radiation and non-ultraviolet radiation pathways in naevogenesis. DNA driver point mutations in acquired and congenital melanocytic naevi have been well characterised. Future research is required to better understand transcriptional and epigenetic changes in naevi, as well as those regulating naevus growth arrest and cell environment signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel G Maher
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Colebatch
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ingold N, Dusingize JC, Neale RE, Olsen CM, Whiteman DC, Duffy DL, MacGregor S, Law MH. Examining Evidence For A Causal Association Between Telomere Length & Nevus Count. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1502-1505.e6. [PMID: 34656614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Ingold
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Jean Claude Dusingize
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel E Neale
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia. This works was carried out in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - David L Duffy
- Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stuart MacGregor
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew H Law
- Statistical Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Chang SC, Prescott J, De Vivo I, Kraft P, Okereke OI. Polygenic risk score of shorter telomere length and risk of depression and anxiety in women. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:182-188. [PMID: 29883926 PMCID: PMC6033543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have reported significant cross-sectional associations between depression or anxiety and shorter telomere lengths, but the temporality of associations is uncertain. Little is known regarding whether shorter telomere length is related to increased risk of developing depression or anxiety. In this study, using the genetic tool of polygenic risk score (PRS), we evaluated the association between genetic predisposition to shorter telomere length and the risks of lifetime clinically significant depression (defined by self-reported clinician/physician diagnosis, antidepressant use, and/or presence of severe depressive symptoms) and of clinically meaningful anxiety symptoms among 17,693 female participants of European ancestry. The weighted PRS of telomere lengths (TLs) combined the dosage of nine alleles that were significantly associated with inter-individual variation in TLs in published genome-wide association studies. Higher score of PRS, corresponding to shorter TL in the literature, was significantly associated with shorter relative TLs (p = 0.008). However, higher PRS was not associated with the lifetime risk of either depression or anxiety. Furthermore, higher PRS was not associated with long-term patterns of depressive symptom trajectories or specifically with later-life onset of depression or anxiety. In summary, this study did not observe a significant association between genetic predisposition to shorter telomere length and risk of depression and anxiety in a large sample of mid-life and older white women. However, these genetic variants jointly account for a limited proportion of interpersonal variation in leukocyte telomere length. Future studies will need to incorporate more genetic variants to improve the accuracy of predicted power, as such data become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chiao Chang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jennifer Prescott
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Immaculata De Vivo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Olivia I Okereke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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Li X, Liu H, Amos CI, Lee JE, Thomas NE, Wei Q, Han J. A PGC1β genetic variant associated with nevus count and melanoma mortality. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1066-1067. [PMID: 28542949 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Hongliang Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27110
| | - Christopher I Amos
- Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Nancy E Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27110
| | - Jiali Han
- Department of Epidemiology, Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202
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