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Prasad CB, Oo A, Liu Y, Qiu Z, Zhong Y, Li N, Singh D, Xin X, Cho YJ, Li Z, Zhang X, Yan C, Zheng Q, Wang QE, Guo D, Kim B, Zhang J. The thioredoxin system determines CHK1 inhibitor sensitivity via redox-mediated regulation of ribonucleotide reductase activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4667. [PMID: 38821952 PMCID: PMC11143221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is critical for cell survival under replication stress (RS). CHK1 inhibitors (CHK1i's) in combination with chemotherapy have shown promising results in preclinical studies but have displayed minimal efficacy with substantial toxicity in clinical trials. To explore combinatorial strategies that can overcome these limitations, we perform an unbiased high-throughput screen in a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line and identify thioredoxin1 (Trx1), a major component of the mammalian antioxidant-system, as a determinant of CHK1i sensitivity. We establish a role for redox recycling of RRM1, the larger subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), and a depletion of the deoxynucleotide pool in this Trx1-mediated CHK1i sensitivity. Further, the TrxR inhibitor auranofin, an approved anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug, shows a synergistic interaction with CHK1i via interruption of the deoxynucleotide pool. Together, we show a pharmacological combination to treat NSCLC that relies on a redox regulatory link between the Trx system and mammalian RNR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Prasad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Adrian Oo
- Center for ViroScience and Cure, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhaojun Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yaogang Zhong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Cancer Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Deepika Singh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiwen Xin
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Center for ViroScience and Cure, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Wexner Medical Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Qingfei Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Cancer Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Cancer Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Center for ViroScience and Cure, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Center for Cancer Metabolism, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Song H, Liu H, Wang X, Yang Y, Zhao X, Jiang WG, Sui L, Song X. Death-associated protein 3 in cancer-discrepant roles of DAP3 in tumours and molecular mechanisms. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1323751. [PMID: 38352299 PMCID: PMC10862491 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1323751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer, ranks as the secondary cause of death, is a group of diseases that are characterized by uncontrolled tumor growth and distant metastasis, leading to increased mortality year-on-year. To date, targeted therapy to intercept the aberrant proliferation and invasion is crucial for clinical anticancer treatment, however, mutant expression of target genes often leads to drug resistance. Therefore, it is essential to identify more molecules that can be targeted to facilitate combined therapy. Previous studies showed that death associated protein 3 (DAP3) exerts a pivotal role in regulating apoptosis signaling of tumors, meanwhile, aberrant DAP3 expression is associated with the tumorigenesis and disease progression of various cancers. This review provides an overview of the molecule structure of DAP3 and the discrepant roles played by DAP3 in various types of tumors. Considering the molecular mechanism of DAP3-regulated cancer development, new potential treatment strategies might be developed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- Department of Nursing, Zhaoyuan People's Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuteng Yang
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiangkun Zhao
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Wen G. Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Laijian Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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Tam A, Mercier BD, Thomas RM, Tizpa E, Wong IG, Shi J, Garg R, Hampel H, Gray SW, Williams T, Bazan JG, Li YR. Moving the Needle Forward in Genomically-Guided Precision Radiation Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5314. [PMID: 38001574 PMCID: PMC10669735 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation treatment (RT) is a mainstay treatment for many types of cancer. Recommendations for RT and the radiation plan are individualized to each patient, taking into consideration the patient's tumor pathology, staging, anatomy, and other clinical characteristics. Information on germline mutations and somatic tumor mutations is at present rarely used to guide specific clinical decisions in RT. Many genes, such as ATM, and BRCA1/2, have been identified in the laboratory to confer radiation sensitivity. However, our understanding of the clinical significance of mutations in these genes remains limited and, as individual mutations in such genes can be rare, their impact on tumor response and toxicity remains unclear. Current guidelines, including those from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), provide limited guidance on how genetic results should be integrated into RT recommendations. With an increasing understanding of the molecular underpinning of radiation response, genomically-guided RT can inform decisions surrounding RT dose, volume, concurrent therapies, and even omission to further improve oncologic outcomes and reduce risks of toxicities. Here, we review existing evidence from laboratory, pre-clinical, and clinical studies with regard to how genetic alterations may affect radiosensitivity. We also summarize recent data from clinical trials and explore potential future directions to utilize genetic data to support clinical decision-making in developing a pathway toward personalized RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Benjamin D. Mercier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.W.G.)
| | - Reeny M. Thomas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Eemon Tizpa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Irene G. Wong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Juncong Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Rishabh Garg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Heather Hampel
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.W.G.)
| | - Stacy W. Gray
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (H.H.); (S.W.G.)
| | - Terence Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Jose G. Bazan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
| | - Yun R. Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA 91010, USA; (A.T.); (B.D.M.); (R.M.T.); (E.T.); (I.G.W.); (J.S.); (R.G.); (T.W.)
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Division of Quantitative Medicine & Systems Biology, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85022, USA
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Bouberhan S, Bar-Peled L, Matoba Y, Mazina V, Philp L, Rueda BR. The evolving role of DNA damage response in overcoming therapeutic resistance in ovarian cancer. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2023; 6:345-357. [PMID: 37457127 PMCID: PMC10344720 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2022.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is treated in the first-line setting with combined platinum and taxane chemotherapy, often followed by a maintenance poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi). Responses to first-line treatment are frequent. For many patients, however, responses are suboptimal or short-lived. Over the last several years, multiple new classes of agents targeting DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms have advanced through clinical development. In this review, we explore the preclinical rationale for the use of ATR inhibitors, CHK1 inhibitors, and WEE1 inhibitors, emphasizing their application to chemotherapy-resistant and PARPi-resistant ovarian cancer. We also present an overview of the clinical development of the leading drugs in each of these classes, emphasizing the rationale for monotherapy and combination therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bouberhan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liron Bar-Peled
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yusuke Matoba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Varvara Mazina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Lauren Philp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Bo R. Rueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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5
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Syntaxin 18 regulates the DNA damage response and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to promote radiation resistance of lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:529. [PMID: 35668077 PMCID: PMC9170725 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important modality in lung cancer treatment. Despite advances in treatment planning and dose delivery, patient benefit is still limited by in-field relapse and metastatic recurrence. Simultaneous application of cisplatinum-based chemotherapy leads to moderately improved outcomes, thus providing proof-of-concept for radiosensitization strategies in lung cancer. In an unbiased functional genetic screen for radiosensitization targets in lung cancer, we identified syntaxin 18, a protein involved in retrograde vesicular transport between the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum, as mediator of radioresistance. Downregulation of endogenous syntaxin 18 specifically reduced clonogenic survival of radioresistant and radiosensitive lung cancer cells following X-radiation. Gene expression programs regulating DNA repair, mitotic checkpoints and mitosis were altered in isogenic cells with reduced syntaxin 18 expression. Functionally, this translated into impaired DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoints leading to cell death by mitotic catastrophe. Interestingly, downregulation of syntaxin 18 in lung cancer cells also impaired expression of markers of epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, and reduced migration and invasion capacity. These findings suggest that syntaxin 18 is a key player regulating genes responsible for controlling the growth of the primary tumor as well as metastases upon radiotherapy of lung cancer. They provide a promising lead for biologically rational radiosensitization strategies impacting on radiation-induced cell death as well as metastasis.
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Hu W, Wang Z, Zhang H, Mahaman YAR, Huang F, Meng D, Zhou Y, Wang S, Jiang N, Xiong J, Westermarck J, Lu Y, Wang J, Wang X, Shentu Y, Liu R. Chk1 Inhibition Ameliorates Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis and Cognitive Dysfunction Through CIP2A/PP2A Signaling. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:570-591. [PMID: 35286657 PMCID: PMC9226264 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease with limited therapeutic strategies. Cell cycle checkpoint protein kinase 1 (Chk1) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase which is activated in response to DNA damage, the latter which is an early event in AD. However, whether DNA damage-induced Chk1 activation participates in the development of AD and Chk1 inhibition ameliorates AD-like pathogenesis remain unclarified. Here, we demonstrate that Chk1 activity and the levels of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inhibitory protein CIP2A are elevated in AD human brains, APP/PS1 transgenic mice, and primary neurons with Aβ treatment. Chk1 overexpression induces CIP2A upregulation, PP2A inhibition, tau and APP hyperphosphorylation, synaptic impairments, and cognitive memory deficit in mice. Moreover, Chk1 inhibitor (GDC0575) effectively increases PP2A activity, decreases tau phosphorylation, and inhibits Aβ overproduction in AD cell models. GDC0575 also reverses AD-like cognitive deficits and prevents neuron loss and synaptic impairments in APP/PS1 mice. In conclusion, our study uncovers a mechanism by which DNA damage-induced Chk1 activation promotes CIP2A-mediated tau and APP hyperphosphorylation and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and highlights the therapeutic potential of Chk1 inhibitors in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuoqun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yacoubou Abdoul Razak Mahaman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dongli Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jukka Westermarck
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Youming Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianzhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yangping Shentu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, The Institute of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Fernandes SG, Shah P, Khattar E. Recent Advances in Therapeutic Application of DNA Damage Response Inhibitors against Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:469-484. [PMID: 34102988 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210608105735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA integrity is continuously challenged by intrinsic cellular processes and environmental agents. To overcome this genomic damage, cells have developed multiple signaling pathways collectively named as DNA damage response (DDR) and composed of three components: (i) sensor proteins, which detect DNA damage, (ii) mediators that relay the signal downstream and recruit the repair machinery, and (iii) the repair proteins, which restore the damaged DNA. A flawed DDR and failure to repair the damage lead to the accumulation of genetic lesions and increased genomic instability, which is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Cancer cells tend to harbor increased mutations in DDR genes and often have fewer DDR pathways than normal cells. This makes cancer cells more dependent on particular DDR pathways and thus become more susceptible to compounds inhibiting those pathways compared to normal cells, which have all the DDR pathways intact. Understanding the roles of different DDR proteins in the DNA damage response and repair pathways and identification of their structures have paved the way for the development of their inhibitors as targeted cancer therapy. In this review, we describe the major participants of various DDR pathways, their significance in carcinogenesis, and focus on the inhibitors developed against several key DDR proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina George Fernandes
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Prachi Shah
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai, India
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van Harten AM, Brakenhoff RH. Targeted Treatment of Head and Neck (Pre)Cancer: Preclinical Target Identification and Development of Novel Therapeutic Applications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2774. [PMID: 34204886 PMCID: PMC8199752 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) develop in the mucosal lining of the upper-aerodigestive tract. In carcinogen-induced HNSCC, tumors emerge from premalignant mucosal changes characterized by tumor-associated genetic alterations, also coined as 'fields' that are occasionally visible as leukoplakia or erythroplakia lesions but are mostly invisible. Consequently, HNSCC is generally diagnosed de novo at more advanced stages in about 70% of new diagnosis. Despite intense multimodality treatment protocols, the overall 5-years survival rate is 50-60% for patients with advanced stage of disease and seems to have reached a plateau. Of notable concern is the lack of further improvement in prognosis despite advances in treatment. This can be attributed to the late clinical presentation, failure of advanced HNSCC to respond to treatment, the deficit of effective targeted therapies to eradicate tumors and precancerous changes, and the lack of suitable markers for screening and personalized therapy. The molecular landscape of head and neck cancer has been elucidated in great detail, but the absence of oncogenic mutations hampers the identification of druggable targets for therapy to improve outcome of HNSCC. Currently, functional genomic approaches are being explored to identify potential therapeutic targets. Identification and validation of essential genes for both HNSCC and oral premalignancies, accompanied with biomarkers for therapy response, are being investigated. Attentive diagnosis and targeted therapy of the preceding oral premalignant (preHNSCC) changes may prevent the development of tumors. As classic oncogene addiction through activating mutations is not a realistic concept for treatment of HNSCC, synthetic lethality and collateral lethality need to be exploited, next to immune therapies. In recent studies it was shown that cell cycle regulation and DNA damage response pathways become significantly altered in HNSCC causing replication stress, which is an avenue that deserves further exploitation as an HNSCC vulnerability for treatment. The focus of this review is to summarize the current literature on the preclinical identification of potential druggable targets for therapy of (pre)HNSCC, emerging from the variety of gene knockdown and knockout strategies, and the testing of targeted inhibitors. We will conclude with a future perspective on targeted therapy of HNSCC and premalignant changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M. van Harten
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Biology & Immunology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; or
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ruud H. Brakenhoff
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Biology & Immunology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; or
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9
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Isono M, Okubo K, Asano T, Sato A. Inhibition of checkpoint kinase 1 potentiates anticancer activity of gemcitabine in bladder cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10181. [PMID: 33986399 PMCID: PMC8119486 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89684-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinases (CHKs) are involved in the DNA damage response in many cancer cells. CHK inhibitors have been used in clinical trials in combination with chemotherapeutics; however, their effect against bladder cancer remains unclear. Here, we investigated the efficacy of combining gemcitabine with MK-8776, a novel CHK1 inhibitor, in four bladder cancer cell lines. The effects of gemcitabine and MK-8776 on cell viability, clonogenicity, cell cycle, and apoptosis were examined alongside in vivo efficacy using murine xenograft tumor models. Combined treatment inhibited the viability and colony formation of bladder cancer cells compared to either single treatment. Although gemcitabine (10 nM) alone increased the cell number in S-phase, it increased the cell number in sub-G1 phase when combined with MK-8776 (0.5 µM). Combined treatment enhanced cleaved poly[ADP-ribose]-polymerase expression alongside the number of annexin-V-positive cells, indicating the induction of apoptosis. In vivo, administration of gemcitabine and MK-8776 was well tolerated and suppressed tumor growth. Mechanistically, the combined treatment elevated γH2A.X and suppressed Rad51 expression. Our study demonstrates that MK-8776 and gemcitabine combined induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation in bladder cancer cells by inhibiting CHKs and DNA repair. Therefore, CHK1 inhibition combined with gemcitabine may be a potential treatment for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Isono
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Okubo
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takako Asano
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Urology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
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Pharmacological Inhibition of WEE1 Potentiates the Antitumoral Effect of the dl922-947 Oncolytic Virus in Malignant Mesothelioma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197333. [PMID: 33020398 PMCID: PMC7582744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a very aggressive asbestos-related cancer, for which no therapy proves to be effective. We have recently shown that the oncolytic adenovirus dl922-947 had antitumor effects in MM cell lines and murine xenografts. Previous studies demonstrated that dl922-947-induced host cell cycle checkpoint deregulation and consequent DNA lesions associated with the virus efficacy. However, the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) can counteract this virus action. Therefore, we assessed whether AZD1775, an inhibitor of the G2/M DNA damage checkpoint kinase WEE1, could enhance MM cell sensitivity to dl922-947. Through cell viability assays, we found that AZD1775 synergized with dl922-947 selectively in MM cell lines and increased dl922-947-induced cell death, which showed hallmarks of apoptosis (annexinV-positivity, caspase-dependency, BCL-XL decrease, chromatin condensation). Predictably, dl922-947 and/or AZD1775 activated the DDR, as indicated by increased levels of three main DDR players: phosphorylated histone H2AX (γ-H2AX), phospho-replication protein A (RPA)32, phospho-checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1). Dl922-947 also increased inactive Tyr-15-phosphorylated cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), a key WEE1 substrate, which is indicative of G2/M checkpoint activation. This increase in phospho-CDK1 was effectively suppressed by AZD1775, thus suggesting that this compound could, indeed, abrogate the dl922-947-induced DNA damage checkpoint in MM cells. Overall, our data suggest that the dl922-947-AZD1775 combination could be a feasible strategy against MM.
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Dobler C, Jost T, Hecht M, Fietkau R, Distel L. Senescence Induction by Combined Ionizing Radiation and DNA Damage Response Inhibitors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092012. [PMID: 32883016 PMCID: PMC7563880 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damage response inhibitors (DDRi) may selectively enhance the inactivation of tumor cells in combination with ionizing radiation (IR). The induction of senescence may be the key mechanism of tumor cell inactivation in this combinatorial treatment. In the current study the effect of combined IR with DDRi on the induction of senescence was studied in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells with different human papilloma virus (HPV) status. The integrity of homologous recombination (HR) was assessed in two HPV positive, two HPV negative HNSCC, and two healthy fibroblast cell cultures. Cells were treated with the DDRi CC-115 (DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-pK; dual mammalian target of rapamycin, mTor), VE-822 (ATR; ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase), and AZD0156 (ATM; ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase) combined with IR. Effects on senescence, apoptosis, necrosis, and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. The fibroblast cell lines generally tolerated IR or combined treatment better than the tumor cell lines. The ATM and ATR inhibitors were effectively inducing senescence when combined with IR. The DNA-PK inhibitor was not an important inductor of senescence. HPV status and HR activity had a limited influence on the efficacy of DDRi. Induction of senescence and necrosis varied individually among the cell lines due to molecular heterogeneity and the involvement of DNA damage response pathways in senescence induction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luitpold Distel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-853-2312; Fax: +49-9131-853-9335
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12
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Zhang J, Si J, Gan L, Zhou R, Guo M, Zhang H. Harnessing the targeting potential of differential radiobiological effects of photon versus particle radiation for cancer treatment. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1695-1711. [PMID: 32691425 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the major modalities for malignancy treatment. High linear energy transfer (LET) charged-particle beams, like proton and carbon ions, exhibit favourable depth-dose distributions and radiobiological enhancement over conventional low-LET photon irradiation, thereby marking a new era in high precision medicine. Tumour cells have developed multicomponent signal transduction networks known as DNA damage responses (DDRs), which initiate cell-cycle checkpoints and induce double-strand break (DSB) repairs in the nucleus by nonhomologous end joining or homologous recombination pathways, to manage ionising radiation (IR)-induced DNA lesions. DNA damage induction and DSB repair pathways are reportedly dependent on the quality of radiation delivered. In this review, we summarise various types of DNA lesion and DSB repair mechanisms, upon irradiation with low and high-LET radiation, respectively. We also analyse factors influencing DNA repair efficiency. Inhibition of DNA damage repair pathways and dysfunctional cell-cycle checkpoint sensitises tumour cells to IR. Radio-sensitising agents, including DNA-PK inhibitors, Rad51 inhibitors, PARP inhibitors, ATM/ATR inhibitors, chk1 inhibitors, wee1 kinase inhibitors, Hsp90 inhibitors, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors have been found to enhance cell killing by IR through interference with DDRs, cell-cycle arrest, or other cellular processes. The cotreatment of these inhibitors with IR may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Si
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Research Center for Ecological Impacts and Environmental Health Effects of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, China
| | - Menghuan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Abstract
DNA damage response (DDR) pathway prevents high level endogenous and environmental DNA damage being replicated and passed on to the next generation of cells via an orchestrated and integrated network of cell cycle checkpoint signalling and DNA repair pathways. Depending on the type of damage, and where in the cell cycle it occurs different pathways are involved, with the ATM-CHK2-p53 pathway controlling the G1 checkpoint or ATR-CHK1-Wee1 pathway controlling the S and G2/M checkpoints. Loss of G1 checkpoint control is common in cancer through TP53, ATM mutations, Rb loss or cyclin E overexpression, providing a stronger rationale for targeting the S/G2 checkpoints. This review will focus on the ATM-CHK2-p53-p21 pathway and the ATR-CHK1-WEE1 pathway and ongoing efforts to target these pathways for patient benefit.
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14
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Molkentine JM, Molkentine DP, Bridges KA, Xie T, Yang L, Sheth A, Heffernan TP, Clump DA, Faust AZ, Ferris RL, Myers JN, Frederick MJ, Mason KA, Meyn RE, Pickering CR, Skinner HD. Targeting DNA damage response in head and neck cancers through abrogation of cell cycle checkpoints. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:1121-1128. [PMID: 32073931 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1730014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck cancers (HNSCC) are routinely treated with radiotherapy; however, normal tissue toxicity remains a concern. Therefore, it is important to validate treatment modalities combining molecularly targeted agents with radiotherapy to improve the therapeutic ratio. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the PARP inhibitor niraparib (MK-4827) alone, or in combination with cell cycle checkpoint abrogating drugs targeting Chk1 (MK-8776) or Wee1 (MK-1775), to radiosensitize HNSCCs in the context of HPV status. MATERIALS AND METHODS PARP1, PARP2, Chk1 or Wee1 shRNA constructs were analyzed from an in vivo shRNA screen of HNSCC xenografts comparing radiosensitization differences between HPV(+) and HPV(-) tumors. Radiosensitization by niraparib alone or in combination with MK-8776 or MK-1775 was assessed by clonogenic survival in HPV(-) and HPV(+) cells; and the role of p16 in determining response was explored. Relative expressions of DNA repair genes were compared by PCR array in HPV(+) and HPV(-) cells, and following siRNA-mediated knockdown of TRIP12 in HPV(-) cells. RESULTS In vivo shRNA screening showed a modest preferential radiosensitization by Wee1 and PARP2 in HPV(-) and Chk1 in HPV(+) tumor models. Niraparib alone enhanced the radiosensitivity of all HNSCC cell lines tested. However, HPV(-) cells were sensitized to a greater degree, as suggested by the shRNA screen. When combined with MK-8776 or MK-1775, radiosensitization was further enhanced in an HPV dependent manner with HPV(+) cells enhanced by MK-8776 and HPV(-) cells enhanced by MK-1775. A PCR array for DNA repair genes showed PARP and HR proteins BRCA1 and RAD51 were much lower in HPV(+) cells than in HPV(-). Similarly, directly knocking down p16-dependent TRIP12 decreased expression of these same genes. Overexpressing p16 decreased TRIP12 expression and increased radiosensitivity in HPV(-) HN5. However, while PARP inhibition led to significant radiosensitization in the control, it led to no further significant radiosensitization in p16 overexpressing cells. Forced p16 expression in HPV(-) HN5 increased accumulation in G1 and subG1 and limited progression to S phase, thus reducing effectiveness of PARP inhibition. CONCLUSIONS Niraparib effectively radiosensitizes HNSCCs with a greater benefit seen in HPV(-). HPV status also plays a role in response to MK-8776 or MK-1775 when combined with niraparib due to differences in DNA repair mechanisms. This study suggests that using cell cycle abrogators in combination with PARP inhibitors may be a beneficial treatment option in HNSCC, but also emphasizes the importance of HPV status when considering effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Molkentine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David P Molkentine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Bridges
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tongxin Xie
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liangpeng Yang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aakash Sheth
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David A Clump
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alma Z Faust
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert L Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey N Myers
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mitchell J Frederick
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn A Mason
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Raymond E Meyn
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heath D Skinner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Mani C, Jonnalagadda S, Lingareddy J, Awasthi S, Gmeiner WH, Palle K. Prexasertib treatment induces homologous recombination deficiency and synergizes with olaparib in triple-negative breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:104. [PMID: 31492187 PMCID: PMC6729044 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer remains as one of the most lethal types of cancer in women. Among various subtypes, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and hard to treat type of breast cancer. Mechanistically, increased DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint activation remain as the foremost reasons behind TNBC tumor resistance to chemotherapy and disease recurrence. Methods We evaluated the mechanism of prexasertib-induced regulation of homologous recombination (HR) proteins using 20S proteasome inhibitors and RT-PCR. HR efficiency and DNA damages were evaluated using Dr-GFP and comet assays. DNA morphology and DNA repair focus studies were analyzed using immunofluorescence. UALCAN portal was used to evaluate the expression of RAD51 and survival probability based on tumor stage, subtype, and race in breast cancer patients. Results Our results show that prexasertib treatment promotes both post-translational and transcriptional mediated regulation of BRCA1 and RAD51 proteins. Additionally, prexasertib-treated TNBC cells revealed over 55% reduction in HR efficiency compared to control cells. Based on these results, we hypothesized that prexasertib treatment induced homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and thus should synergize with PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in TNBC cells. As predicted, combined treatment of prexasertib and PARPi olaparib increased DNA strand breaks, γH2AX foci, and nuclear disintegration relative to single-agent treatment. Further, the prexasertib and olaparib combination was synergistic in multiple TNBC cell lines, as indicated by combination index (CI) values. Analysis of TCGA data revealed elevated RAD51 expression in breast tumors compared to normal breast tissues, especially in TNBC subtype. Interestingly, there was a discrepancy in RAD51 expression in racial groups, with African-American and Asian breast cancer patients showing elevated RAD51 expression compared to Caucasian breast cancer patients. Consistent with these observations, African-American and Asian TNBC patients show decreased survival. Conclusions Based on these data, RAD51 could be a biomarker for aggressive TNBC and for racial disparity in breast cancer. As positive correlation exists between RAD51 and CHEK1 expression in breast cancer, the in vitro preclinical data presented here provides additional mechanistic insights for further evaluation of the rational combination of prexasertib and olaparib for improved outcomes and reduced racial disparity in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centre, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Shirisha Jonnalagadda
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centre, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Jojireddy Lingareddy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centre, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.,Present Address: Loyola Academic Degree PG College, Old Alwal, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500010, India
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centre, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - William H Gmeiner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centre, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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16
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Chk1 Inhibitor MK-8776 Restores the Sensitivity of Chemotherapeutics in P-glycoprotein Overexpressing Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174095. [PMID: 31443367 PMCID: PMC6747525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), which is encoded by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene, is one of the most pivotal ABC transporters that transport its substrates across the cell membrane. Its overexpression is one of the confirmed causes of multidrug resistance (MDR), which results in the failure of cancer treatment. Here, we report that checkpoint kinase (Chk) 1 inhibitor MK-8776, a drug candidate in clinical trial, can restore the sensitivity of chemotherapeutics that are substrates of P-gp in KB-C2, SW620/Ad300 cells and human embryonic kidney (HEK)293/ABCB1 cells that overexpress P-gp. MK-8776 remarkably enhanced the cellular [3H]-paclitaxel accumulation and suppressed the efflux function of P-gp without reducing its expression and affecting its cellular localization in cancer cells. Furthermore, MK-8776 (0–40 μM) stimulated the activity of ATPase in P-gp, which was 4.1-fold greater than the control. In addition, MK-8776 formed a cation–π bond and π–π interaction with key residues of the substrate-binding site in P-gp, as indicated by computer-aided molecular docking study. Our study indicated that MK-8776 may significantly enhance the sensitivity of chemotherapeutics that are substrates of P-gp, providing important information for its application in the reversal of MDR.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Morice
- From the Departments of Gynecological Surgery and Medical Oncology (P.M., S.G., A.L.), INSERM Unit 981 (A.L.), and INSERM Unit 10-30 (P.M.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, and University Paris-Sud (Paris XI), Le Kremlin Bicêtre (P.M.) - both in France
| | - Sebastien Gouy
- From the Departments of Gynecological Surgery and Medical Oncology (P.M., S.G., A.L.), INSERM Unit 981 (A.L.), and INSERM Unit 10-30 (P.M.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, and University Paris-Sud (Paris XI), Le Kremlin Bicêtre (P.M.) - both in France
| | - Alexandra Leary
- From the Departments of Gynecological Surgery and Medical Oncology (P.M., S.G., A.L.), INSERM Unit 981 (A.L.), and INSERM Unit 10-30 (P.M.), Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, and University Paris-Sud (Paris XI), Le Kremlin Bicêtre (P.M.) - both in France
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18
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Chung SW, Kim GC, Kweon S, Lee H, Choi JU, Mahmud F, Chang HW, Kim JW, Son WC, Kim SY, Byun Y. Metronomic oral doxorubicin in combination of Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776 for p53-deficient breast cancer treatment. Biomaterials 2018; 182:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Desai A, Yan Y, Gerson SL. Advances in therapeutic targeting of the DNA damage response in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 66-67:24-29. [PMID: 29715575 PMCID: PMC6005187 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a series of pathways and processes required to repair lesions to DNA. These pathways range from repairing strand breaks to the double helix, damaged bases formed after oxidation or deamination, inaccurate DNA replication resulting in mispaired base alignment, intrastrand crosslinks that trigger cell death, and a plethora of other genomic insults. The DDR is believed to be a critical component of radio and chemoresistance in many cancers as well, with the tumor's ability to repair therapy induced damage being an important tool used to survive traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Here we summarize advances made in specifically targeting DDR proteins in cancer therapy and project on the potential breakthroughs and pitfalls to arise as the field progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Desai
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Stanton L Gerson
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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20
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Prakash A, Garcia-Moreno JF, Brown JAL, Bourke E. Clinically Applicable Inhibitors Impacting Genome Stability. Molecules 2018; 23:E1166. [PMID: 29757235 PMCID: PMC6100577 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in technology have facilitated the molecular profiling (genomic and transcriptomic) of tumours, and has led to improved stratification of patients and the individualisation of treatment regimes. To fully realize the potential of truly personalised treatment options, we need targeted therapies that precisely disrupt the compensatory pathways identified by profiling which allow tumours to survive or gain resistance to treatments. Here, we discuss recent advances in novel therapies that impact the genome (chromosomes and chromatin), pathways targeted and the stage of the pathways targeted. The current state of research will be discussed, with a focus on compounds that have advanced into trials (clinical and pre-clinical). We will discuss inhibitors of specific DNA damage responses and other genome stability pathways, including those in development, which are likely to synergistically combine with current therapeutic options. Tumour profiling data, combined with the knowledge of new treatments that affect the regulation of essential tumour signalling pathways, is revealing fundamental insights into cancer progression and resistance mechanisms. This is the forefront of the next evolution of advanced oncology medicine that will ultimately lead to improved survival and may, one day, result in many cancers becoming chronic conditions, rather than fatal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Prakash
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Juan F Garcia-Moreno
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
| | - James A L Brown
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Emer Bourke
- Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, H91 YR71 Galway, Ireland.
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21
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Litichevskiy L, Peckner R, Abelin JG, Asiedu JK, Creech AL, Davis JF, Davison D, Dunning CM, Egertson JD, Egri S, Gould J, Ko T, Johnson SA, Lahr DL, Lam D, Liu Z, Lyons NJ, Lu X, MacLean BX, Mungenast AE, Officer A, Natoli TE, Papanastasiou M, Patel J, Sharma V, Toder C, Tubelli AA, Young JZ, Carr SA, Golub TR, Subramanian A, MacCoss MJ, Tsai LH, Jaffe JD. A Library of Phosphoproteomic and Chromatin Signatures for Characterizing Cellular Responses to Drug Perturbations. Cell Syst 2018; 6:424-443.e7. [PMID: 29655704 PMCID: PMC5951639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the value of proteomics has been demonstrated, cost and scale are typically prohibitive, and gene expression profiling remains dominant for characterizing cellular responses to perturbations. However, high-throughput sentinel assays provide an opportunity for proteomics to contribute at a meaningful scale. We present a systematic library resource (90 drugs × 6 cell lines) of proteomic signatures that measure changes in the reduced-representation phosphoproteome (P100) and changes in epigenetic marks on histones (GCP). A majority of these drugs elicited reproducible signatures, but notable cell line- and assay-specific differences were observed. Using the "connectivity" framework, we compared signatures across cell types and integrated data across assays, including a transcriptional assay (L1000). Consistent connectivity among cell types revealed cellular responses that transcended lineage, and consistent connectivity among assays revealed unexpected associations between drugs. We further leveraged the resource against public data to formulate hypotheses for treatment of multiple myeloma and acute lymphocytic leukemia. This resource is publicly available at https://clue.io/proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan Peckner
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jacob K Asiedu
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amanda L Creech
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - John F Davis
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Desiree Davison
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jarrett D Egertson
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shawn Egri
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joshua Gould
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Tak Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - David L Lahr
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Lam
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zihan Liu
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Xiaodong Lu
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Brendan X MacLean
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alison E Mungenast
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Adam Officer
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ted E Natoli
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jinal Patel
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Vagisha Sharma
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Courtney Toder
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Jennie Z Young
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Todd R Golub
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Michael J MacCoss
- University of Washington, Department of Genome Sciences, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacob D Jaffe
- The Broad Institute, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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22
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Xu C, Nikolova O, Basom RS, Mitchell RM, Shaw R, Moser RD, Park H, Gurley KE, Kao MC, Green CL, Schaub FX, Diaz RL, Swan HA, Jang IS, Guinney J, Gadi VK, Margolin AA, Grandori C, Kemp CJ, Méndez E. Functional Precision Medicine Identifies Novel Druggable Targets and Therapeutic Options in Head and Neck Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2828-2843. [PMID: 29599409 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with high mortality and a lack of targeted therapies. To identify and prioritize druggable targets, we performed genome analysis together with genome-scale siRNA and oncology drug profiling using low-passage tumor cells derived from a patient with treatment-resistant HPV-negative HNSCC.Experimental Design: A tumor cell culture was established and subjected to whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, comparative genome hybridization, and high-throughput phenotyping with a siRNA library covering the druggable genome and an oncology drug library. Secondary screens of candidate target genes were performed on the primary tumor cells and two nontumorigenic keratinocyte cell cultures for validation and to assess cancer specificity. siRNA screens of the kinome on two isogenic pairs of p53-mutated HNSCC cell lines were used to determine generalizability. Clinical utility was addressed by performing drug screens on two additional HNSCC cell cultures derived from patients enrolled in a clinical trial.Results: Many of the identified copy number aberrations and somatic mutations in the primary tumor were typical of HPV(-) HNSCC, but none pointed to obvious therapeutic choices. In contrast, siRNA profiling identified 391 candidate target genes, 35 of which were preferentially lethal to cancer cells, most of which were not genomically altered. Chemotherapies and targeted agents with strong tumor-specific activities corroborated the siRNA profiling results and included drugs that targeted the mitotic spindle, the proteasome, and G2-M kinases WEE1 and CHK1 We also show the feasibility of ex vivo drug profiling for patients enrolled in a clinical trial.Conclusions: High-throughput phenotyping with siRNA and drug libraries using patient-derived tumor cells prioritizes mutated driver genes and identifies novel drug targets not revealed by genomic profiling. Functional profiling is a promising adjunct to DNA sequencing for precision oncology. Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2828-43. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Olga Nikolova
- Computational Biology Program, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ryan S Basom
- Shared Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ryan M Mitchell
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Russell D Moser
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Heuijoon Park
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kay E Gurley
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael C Kao
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Carlos L Green
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | | | - In S Jang
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Vijayakrishna K Gadi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adam A Margolin
- Computational Biology Program, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Christopher J Kemp
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Eduardo Méndez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington
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23
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Brandsma I, Fleuren ED, Williamson CT, Lord CJ. Directing the use of DDR kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:1341-1355. [PMID: 28984489 PMCID: PMC6157710 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1389895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Defects in the DNA damage response (DDR) drive the development of cancer by fostering DNA mutation but also provide cancer-specific vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. The recent approval of three different PARP inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer provides the impetus for further developing targeted inhibitors of many of the kinases involved in the DDR, including inhibitors of ATR, ATM, CHEK1, CHEK2, DNAPK and WEE1. Areas covered: We summarise the current stage of development of these novel DDR kinase inhibitors, and describe which predictive biomarkers might be exploited to direct their clinical use. Expert opinion: Novel DDR inhibitors present promising candidates in cancer treatment and have the potential to elicit synthetic lethal effects. In order to fully exploit their potential and maximize their utility, identifying highly penetrant predictive biomarkers of single agent and combinatorial DDR inhibitor sensitivity are critical. Identifying the optimal drug combination regimens that could used with DDR inhibitors is also a key objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Brandsma
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Emmy D.G. Fleuren
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Chris T. Williamson
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Christopher J. Lord
- The CRUK Gene Function Laboratory and Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
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24
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Qiu Z, Oleinick NL, Zhang J. ATR/CHK1 inhibitors and cancer therapy. Radiother Oncol 2017; 126:450-464. [PMID: 29054375 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle checkpoint proteins ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated-and-Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and its major downstream effector checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) prevent the entry of cells with damaged or incompletely replicated DNA into mitosis when the cells are challenged by DNA damaging agents, such as radiation therapy (RT) or chemotherapeutic drugs, that are the major modalities to treat cancer. This regulation is particularly evident in cells with a defective G1 checkpoint, a common feature of cancer cells, due to p53 mutations. In addition, ATR and/or CHK1 suppress replication stress (RS) by inhibiting excess origin firing, particularly in cells with activated oncogenes. Those functions of ATR/CHK1 make them ideal therapeutic targets. ATR/CHK1 inhibitors have been developed and are currently used either as single agents or paired with radiotherapy or a variety of genotoxic chemotherapies in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we review the status of the development of ATR and CHK1 inhibitors. We also discuss the potential mechanisms by which ATR and CHK1 inhibition induces cell killing in the presence or absence of exogenous DNA damaging agents, such as RT and chemotherapeutic agents. Lastly, we discuss synthetic lethality interactions between the inhibition of ATR/CHK1 and defects in other DNA damage response (DDR) pathways/genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Nancy L Oleinick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA; Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.
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25
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Suzuki M, Yamamori T, Bo T, Sakai Y, Inanami O. MK-8776, a novel Chk1 inhibitor, exhibits an improved radiosensitizing effect compared to UCN-01 by exacerbating radiation-induced aberrant mitosis. Transl Oncol 2017; 10:491-500. [PMID: 28550769 PMCID: PMC5447387 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinase that plays an important role in G2/M checkpoint signaling. Here, we evaluate the radiosensitizing effects of a novel selective Chk1 inhibitor MK-8776, comparing its efficacy with a first-generation Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01, and attempt to elucidate the mechanism of radiosensitization. In a clonogenic survival assay, MK-8776 demonstrated a more pronounced radiosensitizing effect than UCN-01, with lower cytotoxicity. Importantly, radiosensitization by MK-8776 can be achieved at doses as low as 2.5 Gy, which is a clinically applicable irradiation dose. MK-8776, but not UCN-01, exacerbated mitotic catastrophe (MC) and centrosome abnormalities, without affecting repair kinetics of DNA double strand breaks. Furthermore, live-cell imaging revealed that MK-8776 significantly abrogated the radiation-induced G2/M checkpoint, prolonged the mitotic phase, and enhanced aberrant mitosis. This suggests that Chk1 inhibition by MK-8776 activates a spindle assembly checkpoint and increases mitotic defects in irradiated EMT6 cells. In conclusion, we have shown that, at minimally toxic concentrations, MK-8776 enhances radiation-induced cell death through the enhancement of aberrant mitosis and MC, without affecting DNA damage repair.
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26
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Wright G, Golubeva V, Remsing Rix LL, Berndt N, Luo Y, Ward GA, Gray JE, Schonbrunn E, Lawrence HR, Monteiro AN, Rix U. Dual Targeting of WEE1 and PLK1 by AZD1775 Elicits Single Agent Cellular Anticancer Activity. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:1883-1892. [PMID: 28557434 PMCID: PMC5551971 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the WEE1 tyrosine kinase enhances anticancer chemotherapy efficacy. Accordingly, the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 (previously MK-1775) is currently under evaluation in clinical trials for cancer in combination with chemotherapy. AZD1775 has been reported to display high selectivity and is therefore used in many studies as a probe to interrogate WEE1 biology. However, AZD1775 also exhibits anticancer activity as a single agent although the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Using a chemical proteomics approach, we here describe a proteome-wide survey of AZD1775 targets in lung cancer cells and identify several previously unknown targets in addition to WEE1. In particular, we observed polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as a new target of AZD1775. Importantly, in vitro kinase assays showed PLK1 and WEE1 to be inhibited by AZD1775 with similar potency. Subsequent loss-of-function experiments using RNAi for WEE1 and PLK1 suggested that targeting PLK1 enhances the pro-apoptotic and antiproliferative effects observed with WEE1 knockdown. Combination of RNAi with AZD1775 treatment suggested WEE1 and PLK1 to be the most relevant targets for mediating AZD1775's anticancer effects. Furthermore, disruption of WEE1 by CRISPR-Cas9 sensitized H322 lung cancer cells to AZD1775 to a similar extent as the potent PLK1 inhibitor BI-2536 suggesting a complex crosstalk between PLK1 and WEE1. In summary, we show that AZD1775 is a potent dual WEE1 and PLK1 inhibitor, which limits its use as a specific molecular probe for WEE1. However, PLK1 inhibition makes important contributions to the single agent mechanism of action of AZD1775 and enhances its anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Wright
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Volha Golubeva
- Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Lily L. Remsing Rix
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Norbert Berndt
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Yunting Luo
- Chemical Biology Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Grace A. Ward
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
- Cancer Biology PhD Program, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Jhanelle E. Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Ernst Schonbrunn
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
- Chemical Biology Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Harshani R. Lawrence
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
- Chemical Biology Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Alvaro N.A. Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
| | - Uwe Rix
- Drug Discovery Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL
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27
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Wei J, Zhang L, Ren L, Zhang J, Liu J, Duan J, Yu Y, Li Y, Peng C, Zhou X, Sun Z. Endosulfan induces cell dysfunction through cycle arrest resulting from DNA damage and DNA damage response signaling pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 589:97-106. [PMID: 28273598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that endosulfan increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. To identify toxic mechanism of endosulfan, we conducted an animal study for which 32 male Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: Control group (corn oil only) and three treatment groups (1, 5 and 10mgkg-1·d-1). The results showed that exposure to endosulfan resulted in injury of cardiac tissue with impaired mitochondria integrity and elevated 8-OHdG expression in myocardial cells. Moreover, endosulfan increased the expressions of Fas, FasL, Caspase-8, Cleaved Caspase-8, Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-3 in cardiac tissue. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with different concentrations of endosulfan (1, 6 and 12μgmL-1) for 24h. An inhibitor for Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Protein (ATM) (Ku-55933, 10μM) was added in 12μgmL-1 group for 2h before exposure to endosulfan. Results showed that endosulfan induced DNA damage and activated DNA damage response signaling pathway (ATM/Chk2 and ATR/Chk1) and consequent cell cycle checkpoint. Furthermore, endosulfan promoted the cell apoptosis through death receptor pathway resulting from oxidative stress. The results provide a new insight for mechanism of endosulfan-induced cardiovascular toxicity which will be helpful in future prevention of cardiovascular diseases induced by endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiu Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lianshuang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lihua Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jianhui Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junchao Duan
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Science (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Brisbane, QLD 4108, Australia
| | - Xianqing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, 100069 Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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28
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Parkes A, Arun BK, Litton JK. Systemic Treatment Strategies for Patients with Hereditary Breast Cancer Syndromes. Oncologist 2017; 22:655-666. [PMID: 28469042 PMCID: PMC5469585 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary breast cancer syndromes are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer and constitute a unique patient population, making up approximately 5%-10% of breast cancer cases in the United States. By virtue of the germline mutations that define these syndromes, invasive breast cancers in these patients have unique mechanisms that can be rationally targeted for therapeutic opportunities distinct from standard of care treatments in nongermline mutation associated breast cancers. This review intends to describe existing data on several of the most common hereditary breast cancer syndromes, including BRCA-related breast cancer syndrome, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Cowden syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome, specifically focusing on rational therapeutics utilized in these distinct patient subgroups and completed or ongoing clinical trials evaluating their efficacy. By exploiting the distinct biologic features associated with these syndromes, tailored treatment strategies have the potential for improved efficacy and lower toxicity. Knowledge of the emergence of these targeted cancer therapies is critical for appropriate management in these patients, extending beyond treatment to highlight the need for appropriate genetic screening to allow for early recognition of these patients and therefore appropriate treatment. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Molecular testing allows for identification of germline mutations that place individuals at high risk for breast cancer and that are associated with distinct histopathology and molecular characteristics that define the invasive breast cancer cases that these patients develop. These unique characteristics may ultimately provide rational targets for systemic treatments with improvements in both morbidity and efficacy. Identification of patients with these germline mutations is important for not only appropriate screening and prophylaxis, but knowledge of therapies specifically targeting several of the most common hereditary breast cancer syndromes is essential to ensure appropriate treatment of invasive breast cancers in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Parkes
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Banu K Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer K Litton
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas, USA
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