1
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Llorente A, Loughran RM, Emerling BM. Targeting phosphoinositide signaling in cancer: relevant techniques to study lipids and novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1297355. [PMID: 37954209 PMCID: PMC10634348 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1297355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides serve as essential players in numerous biological activities and are critical for overall cellular function. Due to their complex chemical structures, localization, and low abundance, current challenges in the phosphoinositide field include the accurate measurement and identification of specific variants, particularly those with acyl chains. Researchers are intensively developing innovative techniques and approaches to address these challenges and advance our understanding of the impact of phosphoinositide signaling on cellular biology. This article provides an overview of recent advances in the study of phosphoinositides, including mass spectrometry, lipid biosensors, and real-time activity assays using fluorometric sensors. These methodologies have proven instrumental for a comprehensive exploration of the cellular distribution and dynamics of phosphoinositides and have shed light on the growing significance of these lipids in human health and various pathological processes, including cancer. To illustrate the importance of phosphoinositide signaling in disease, this perspective also highlights the role of a family of lipid kinases named phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate 4-kinases (PI5P4Ks), which have recently emerged as exciting therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. The ongoing exploration of phosphoinositide signaling not only deepens our understanding of cellular biology but also holds promise for novel interventions in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brooke M. Emerling
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys, La Jolla, CA, United States
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2
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Safaroghli-Azar A, Sanaei MJ, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) classes: From cell signaling to endocytic recycling and autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175827. [PMID: 37269974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid signaling is defined as any biological signaling action in which a lipid messenger binds to a protein target, converting its effects to specific cellular responses. In this complex biological pathway, the family of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) represents a pivotal role and affects many aspects of cellular biology from cell survival, proliferation, and migration to endocytosis, intracellular trafficking, metabolism, and autophagy. While yeasts have a single isoform of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), mammals possess eight PI3K types divided into three classes. The class I PI3Ks have set the stage to widen research interest in the field of cancer biology. The aberrant activation of class I PI3Ks has been identified in 30-50% of human tumors, and activating mutations in PIK3CA is one of the most frequent oncogenes in human cancer. In addition to indirect participation in cell signaling, class II and III PI3Ks primarily regulate vesicle trafficking. Class III PI3Ks are also responsible for autophagosome formation and autophagy flux. The current review aims to discuss the original data obtained from international research laboratories on the latest discoveries regarding PI3Ks-mediated cell biological processes. Also, we unravel the mechanisms by which pools of the same phosphoinositides (PIs) derived from different PI3K types act differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Javad Sanaei
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Ehm PAH, Linnebacher M, Block A, Rehbach C, Jücker M. Targeted hyperactivation of AKT through inhibition of ectopic expressed SHIP1 induces cell death in colon carcinoma cells and derived metastases. Cell Signal 2023; 108:110720. [PMID: 37207939 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current therapeutic approaches for colorectal cancer (CRC) focus on the suppression of oncogenic kinase signaling. Here, we test the hypothesis that targeted hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT-signaling may lead to trigger CRC cell death. Recently we found that hematopoietic SHIP1 is ectopically expressed in CRC cells. Here we show that SHIP1 is more strongly expressed in metastatic cells than in the primary cancer cells, which allows for an increase in AKT signaling in metastatic cells, giving them an advantage from an evolutionary point of view. Mechanistically, the increased SHIP1 expression reduces the activation of the PI3K/ AKT signaling to a value that is below the threshold that leads to cell death. This mechanism gives the cell a selection advantage. We show that genetic hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT-signaling or blocking the activity of the inhibitory phosphatase SHIP1, induces acute cell death in CRC cells, because of excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Our results demonstrate that CRC cells critically depend on mechanisms to fine-tune PI3K/AKT activity and show SHIP1 inhibition as an unexpectedly promising concept for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A H Ehm
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Linnebacher
- Molecular Oncology and Immunotherapy, Clinic of General, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplantation Surgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Block
- Department of Oncology, University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Rehbach
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Fernandes S, Srivastava N, Pedicone C, Sudan R, Luke EA, Dungan OM, Pacherille A, Meyer ST, Dormann S, Schurmans S, Chambers BJ, Chisholm JD, Kerr WG. Obesity control by SHIP inhibition requires pan-paralog inhibition and an intact eosinophil compartment. iScience 2023; 26:106071. [PMID: 36818285 PMCID: PMC9929608 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we extend the understanding of how chemical inhibition of SHIP paralogs controls obesity. We compare different classes of SHIP inhibitors and find that selective inhibitors of SHIP1 or SHIP2 are unable to prevent weight gain and body fat accumulation during increased caloric intake. Surprisingly, only pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors (pan-SHIPi) prevent diet-induced obesity. We confirm that pan-SHIPi is essential by showing that dual treatment with SHIP1 and SHIP2 selective inhibitors reduced adiposity during excess caloric intake. Consistent with this, genetic inactivation of both SHIP paralogs in eosinophils or myeloid cells also reduces obesity and adiposity. In fact, pan-SHIPi requires an eosinophil compartment to prevent diet-induced adiposity, demonstrating that pan-SHIPi acts via an immune mechanism. We also find that pan-SHIPi increases ILC2 cell function in aged, obese mice to reduce their obesity. Finally, we show that pan-SHIPi also reduces hyperglycemia, but not via eosinophils, indicating a separate mechanism for glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Neetu Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Pedicone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Raki Sudan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Luke
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Otto M. Dungan
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Shea T. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Shawn Dormann
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | | | - Benedict J. Chambers
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - William G. Kerr
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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5
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Fernandes S, Meyer ST, Shah JP, Adhikari AA, Kerr WG, Chisholm JD. N1-Benzyl Tryptamine Pan-SHIP1/2 Inhibitors: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation as Anti-Tumor Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:8451. [PMID: 36500543 PMCID: PMC9738565 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase (SHIP) with small molecule inhibitors leads to apoptosis in tumor cells. Inhibitors that target both SHIP1 and SHIP2 (pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors) may have benefits in these areas since paralog compensation is not possible when both SHIP paralogs are being inhibited. A series of tryptamine-based pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors have been synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the SHIP paralogs. The most active compounds were also evaluated for their effects on cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Shea T. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Jigisha P. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | | | - William G. Kerr
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - John D. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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6
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LINC01468 drives NAFLD-HCC progression through CUL4A-linked degradation of SHIP2. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:449. [DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and play a role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the current understanding of the role of lncRNAs in NAFLD-associated HCC is limited. In this study, transcriptomic profiling analysis of three paired human liver samples from patients with NAFLD-driven HCC and adjacent samples showed that LINC01468 expression was significantly upregulated. In vitro and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function experiments showed that LINC01468 promotes the proliferation of HCC cells through lipogenesis. Mechanistically, LINC01468 binds SHIP2 and promotes cullin 4 A (CUL4A)-linked ubiquitin degradation, thereby activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in the promotion of de novo lipid biosynthesis and HCC progression. Importantly, the SHIP2 inhibitor reversed the sorafenib resistance induced by LINC01468 overexpression. Moreover, ALKBH5-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification led to stabilization and upregulation of LINC01468 RNA. Taken together, the findings indicated a novel mechanism by which LINC01468-mediated lipogenesis promotes HCC progression through CUL4A-linked degradation of SHIP2. LINC01468 acts as a driver of HCC progression from NAFLD, highlights the potential of the LINC01468-SHIP2 axis as a therapeutic target for HCC.
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7
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Bregni G, Beck B. Toward Targeted Therapies in Oesophageal Cancers: An Overview. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1522. [PMID: 35326673 PMCID: PMC8946490 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oesophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Oesophageal cancer occurs as squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) or adenocarcinoma (EAC). Prognosis for patients with either ESCC or EAC is poor, with less than 20% of patients surviving more than 5 years after diagnosis. A major progress has been made in the development of biomarker-driven targeted therapies against breast and lung cancers, as well as melanoma. However, precision oncology for patients with oesophageal cancer is still virtually non-existent. In this review, we outline the recent advances in oesophageal cancer profiling and clinical trials based on targeted therapies in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Bregni
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Benjamin Beck
- Welbio and FNRS Investigator at IRIBHM, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Mommersteeg M, Simovic I, Yu B, van Nieuwenburg S, Bruno IM, Doukas M, Kuipers E, Spaander M, Peppelenbosch M, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Fuhler G. Autophagy mediates ER stress and inflammation in Helicobacter pylori-related gastric cancer. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2015238. [PMID: 34965181 PMCID: PMC8726742 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.2015238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular degradation mechanism, which is triggered by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the autophagy gene ATG16L1 (rs2241880, G-allele) has been shown to dysregulate autophagy and increase intestinal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Here, we investigate the role of this SNP in H.pylori-mediated gastric carcinogenesis and its molecular pathways. ATG16L1 rs2241880 was genotyped in subjects from different ethnic cohorts (Dutch and Australian) presenting with gastric (pre)malignant lesions of various severity. Expression of GRP78 (a marker for ER stress) was assessed in gastric tissues. The effect of ATG16L1 rs2241880 on H.pylori-mediated ER stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine induction was investigated in organoids and CRISPR/Cas9 modified cell lines. Development of gastric cancer was associated with the ATG16L1 rs2241880 G-allele. Intestinal metaplastic cells in gastric tissue of patients showed increased levels of ER-stress. In vitro models showed that H.pylori increases autophagy while reducing ER stress, which appeared partly mediated by the ATG16L1 rs2241880 genotype. H.pylori-induced IL-8 production was increased while TNF-α production was decreased, in cells homozygous for the G-allele. The ATG16L1 rs2241880 G-allele is associated with progression of gastric premalignant lesions and cancer. Modulation of H.pylori-induced ER stress pathways and pro-inflammatory mediators by ATG16L1 rs2441880 may underlie this increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.C. Mommersteeg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I. Simovic
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Unsw, Sydney, Australia
| | - B. Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S.A.V. van Nieuwenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I, M.J. Bruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Doukas
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - E.J. Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M.C.W. Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M.P. Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N. Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Unsw, Sydney, Australia,CONTACT N. Castaño-Rodríguez School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - G.M. Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,G.M. Fuhler PhD Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Unsw, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Le Coq J, López Navajas P, Rodrigo Martin B, Alfonso C, Lietha D. A new layer of phosphoinositide-mediated allosteric regulation uncovered for SHIP2. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21815. [PMID: 34314064 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100561r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The Src homology 2 containing inositol 5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) is a large multidomain enzyme that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3 ) to form PI(3,4)P2 . PI(3,4,5)P3 is a key lipid second messenger controlling the recruitment of signaling proteins to the plasma membrane, thereby regulating a plethora of cellular events, including proliferation, growth, apoptosis, and cytoskeletal rearrangements. SHIP2, alongside PI3K and PTEN, regulates PI(3,4,5)P3 levels at the plasma membrane and has been heavily implicated in serious diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes; however, many aspects of its regulation mechanism remain elusive. We recently reported an activating effect of the SHIP2 C2 domain and here we describe an additional layer of regulation via the pleckstrin homology-related (PHR) domain. We show a phosphoinositide-induced transition to a high activity state of the enzyme that increases phosphatase activity up to 10-15 fold. We further show that PI(3,4)P2 directly interacts with the PHR domain to trigger this allosteric activation. Modeling of the PHR-phosphatase-C2 region of SHIP2 on the membrane suggests no major inter-domain interactions with the PHR domain, but close contacts between the two linkers offer a possible path of allosteric communication. Together, our data show that the PHR domain acts as an allosteric module regulating the catalytic activity of SHIP2 in response to specific phosphoinositide levels in the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Le Coq
- Structural Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar López Navajas
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Rodrigo Martin
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Alfonso
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lietha
- Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Abstract
Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases reverse cellular signals initiated by growth factors receptors and other tyrosine kinases by dephosphorylating phosphotyrosine on target proteins. The activity of these enzymes is crucial for maintaining cell homeostasis, yet these enzymes have been often dismissed as humble house-keeping proteins. Understandably, mutations and changes in expression patterns of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases are implicated in tumorigenesis and various carcinomas. The conserved nature of their catalytic domains makes drug discovery a challenging pursuit. In this review, we focus on describing the various classes of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases and their catalytic domains. We also summarize their role in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases using specific members as the model system. Finally, we explain the dichotomy in the biological role of catalytically active vs the pseudoenzyme forms of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in the context of their membrane bound receptor forms. This chapter aims to provide a current understanding of these proteins, in the background of their foundational past research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Welsh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Preeti Pandey
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lalima G Ahuja
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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11
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Targeting SHIP1 and SHIP2 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040890. [PMID: 33672717 PMCID: PMC7924360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Phosphoinositol signaling pathways and their dysregulation have been shown to have a fundamental role in health and disease, respectively. The SH2-containing 5′ inositol phosphatases, SHIP1 and SHIP2, are regulators of the PI3K/AKT pathway that have crucial roles in cancer progression. This review aims to summarize the role of SHIP1 and SHIP2 in cancer signaling and the immune response to cancer, the discovery and use of SHIP inhibitors and agonists as possible cancer therapeutics. Abstract Membrane-anchored and soluble inositol phospholipid species are critical mediators of intracellular cell signaling cascades. Alterations in their normal production or degradation are implicated in the pathology of a number of disorders including cancer and pro-inflammatory conditions. The SH2-containing 5′ inositol phosphatases, SHIP1 and SHIP2, play a fundamental role in these processes by depleting PI(3,4,5)P3, but also by producing PI(3,4)P2 at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. With the intent of targeting SHIP1 or SHIP2 selectively, or both paralogs simultaneously, small molecule inhibitors and agonists have been developed and tested in vitro and in vivo over the last decade in various disease models. These studies have shown promising results in various pre-clinical models of disease including cancer and tumor immunotherapy. In this review the potential use of SHIP inhibitors in cancer is discussed with particular attention to the molecular structure, binding site and efficacy of these SHIP inhibitors.
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12
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Paley EL. Discovery of Gut Bacteria Specific to Alzheimer's Associated Diseases is a Clue to Understanding Disease Etiology: Meta-Analysis of Population-Based Data on Human Gut Metagenomics and Metabolomics. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:319-355. [PMID: 31561379 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated sequence (ADAS) of cultured fecal bacteria was discovered in human gut targeted screening. This study provides important information to expand our current understanding of the structure/activity relationship of ADAS and putative inhibitors/activators that are potentially involved in ADAS appearance/disappearance. The NCBI database analysis revealed that ADAS presents at a large proportion in American Indian Oklahoman (C&A) with a high prevalence of obesity/diabetes and in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from the US and China. An Oklahoman non-native group (NNI) showed no ADAS. Comparison of two large US populations reveals that ADAS is more frequent in individuals aged ≥66 and in females. Prevalence and levels of fecal metabolites are altered in the C&A and CRC groups versus controls. Biogenic amines (histamine, tryptamine, tyramine, phenylethylamine, cadaverine, putrescine, agmatine, spermidine) that present in food and are produced by gut microbiota are significantly higher in C&A (e.g., histamine/histidine 95-fold) versus NNI (histamine/histidine 16-fold). The majority of these bio-amines are cytotoxic at concentrations found in food. Inositol phosphate signaling implicated in AD is altered in C&A and CRC. Tryptamine stimulated accumulation of inositol phosphate. The seizure-eliciting tryptamine induced cytoplasmic vacuolization and vesiculation with cell fragmentation. Present additions of ADAS-carriers at different ages including infants led to an ADAS-comprising human sample size of 2,830 from 27 studies from four continents (North America, Australia, Asia, Europe). Levels of food-derived monoamine oxidase inhibitors and anti-bacterial compounds, the potential modulators of ADAS-bacteria growth and biogenic amine production, were altered in C&A versus NNI. ADAS is attributable to potentially modifiable risk factors of AD associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Paley
- Expert Biomed, Inc., Miami, FL, USA.,Stop Alzheimers Corp, Miami, FL, USA
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13
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Azzi A. SHIP2 inhibition alters redox-induced PI3K/AKT and MAP kinase pathways via PTEN over-activation in cervical cancer cells. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:2191-2205. [PMID: 32881386 PMCID: PMC7530381 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)‐trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) is required for protein kinase B (AKT) activation. The level of PI(3,4,5)P3 is constantly regulated through balanced synthesis by phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and degradation by phosphoinositide phosphatases phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) and SH2‐domain containing phosphatidylinositol‐3,4,5‐trisphosphate 5‐phosphatase 2 (SHIP2), known as negative regulators of AKT. Here, I show that SHIP2 inhibition in cervical cancer cell lines alters H2O2‐mediated AKT and mitogen‐activated protein kinase/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathway activation. In addition, SHIP2 inhibition enhances reactive oxygen species generation. Interestingly, I found that SHIP2 inhibition and H2O2 treatment enhance lipid and protein phosphatase activity of PTEN. Pharmacological targeting or RNA interference(RNAi) mediated knockdown of PTEN rescues extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and AKT activation. Using a series of pharmacological and biochemical approaches, I provide evidence that crosstalk between SHIP2 and PTEN occurs upon an increase in oxidative stress to modulate the activity of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3/ATK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhalim Azzi
- GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, GIGA-B34, University of Liège, Belgium
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14
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Shorning BY, Dass MS, Smalley MJ, Pearson HB. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway and Prostate Cancer: At the Crossroads of AR, MAPK, and WNT Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4507. [PMID: 32630372 PMCID: PMC7350257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a frequent event in prostate cancer that facilitates tumor formation, disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Recent discoveries indicate that the complex crosstalk between the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and multiple interacting cell signaling cascades can further promote prostate cancer progression and influence the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to PI3K-AKT-mTOR-targeted therapies being explored in the clinic, as well as standard treatment approaches such as androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). However, the full extent of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network during prostate tumorigenesis, invasive progression and disease recurrence remains to be determined. In this review, we outline the emerging diversity of the genetic alterations that lead to activated PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in prostate cancer, and discuss new mechanistic insights into the interplay between the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and several key interacting oncogenic signaling cascades that can cooperate to facilitate prostate cancer growth and drug-resistance, specifically the androgen receptor (AR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and WNT signaling cascades. Ultimately, deepening our understanding of the broader PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network is crucial to aid patient stratification for PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway-directed therapies, and to discover new therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer that improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Helen B. Pearson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, UK; (B.Y.S.); (M.S.D.); (M.J.S.)
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15
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Sánchez-Sendra B, Serna E, Navarro L, González-Muñoz JF, Portero J, Ramos A, Murgui A, Monteagudo C. Transcriptomic identification of miR-205 target genes potentially involved in metastasis and survival of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4771. [PMID: 32179834 PMCID: PMC7075905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive neoplasm and is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Several miRNAs are involved in melanoma tumor progression. One of them is miR-205, the loss of which contributes to the development of melanoma metastasis. We evaluated whole-genome mRNA expression profiling associated with different miR-205 expression levels in melanoma cells. Differential expression analysis identified 243 differentially expressed transcripts including inositol polyphosphate 5′-phosphatase-like protein-1 (INPPL1) and BTB/POZ Domain-Containing Protein 3 (BTBD3). INPPL1 and BTBD3 were downregulated when melanoma cells expressed miR-205, indicating that these genes are potential miR-205 targets. Additionally, the target prediction algorithm TargetScan revealed that INPPL1 and BTBD3 genes had predicted target sites of miR-205 in their 3′UTRs and functional analysis demonstrated that these genes were directly linked to miR-205. Interestingly, our clinical data showed that INPPL1 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis-free survival (LNMFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and melanoma specific survival (MSS). This study supports INPPL1 as a miR-205 target gene and, therefore, that the involvement of miR-205 in the metastatic dissemination of malignant melanoma is, at least in part, via INPPL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sánchez-Sendra
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, València, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Unidad Central de Investigación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Lara Navarro
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, València, Spain.,Consortium Hospital General Universitario de València, València, Spain
| | | | - Jesica Portero
- Unidad Central de Investigación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Alberto Ramos
- Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, València, Spain
| | - Amelia Murgui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Carlos Monteagudo
- Department of Pathology, Universitat de València, València, Spain. .,Biomedical Research Institute INCLIVA, València, Spain. .,Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, València, Spain.
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16
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Small molecule targeting of SHIP1 and SHIP2. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:291-300. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20190775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Modulating the activity of the Src Homology 2 (SH2) — containing Inositol 5′-Phosphatase (SHIP) enzyme family with small molecule inhibitors provides a useful and unconventional method of influencing cell signaling in the PI3K pathway. The development of small molecules that selectively target one of the SHIP paralogs (SHIP1 or SHIP2) as well as inhibitors that simultaneously target both enzymes have provided promising data linking the phosphatase activity of the SHIP enzymes to disorders and disease states that are in dire need of new therapeutic targets. These include cancer, immunotherapy, diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease. In this mini-review, we will provide a brief overview of research in these areas that support targeting SHIP1, SHIP2 or both enzymes for therapeutic purposes.
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17
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Pedicone C, Fernandes S, Dungan OM, Dormann SM, Viernes DR, Adhikari AA, Choi LB, De Jong EP, Chisholm JD, Kerr WG. Pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors promote microglia effector functions essential for CNS homeostasis. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs238030. [PMID: 31780579 PMCID: PMC10682645 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.238030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We show here that both SHIP1 (Inpp5d) and its paralog SHIP2 (Inppl1) are expressed at protein level in microglia. To examine whether targeting of SHIP paralogs might influence microglial physiology and function, we tested the capacity of SHIP1-selective, SHIP2-selective and pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors for their ability to impact on microglia proliferation, lysosomal compartment size and phagocytic function. We find that highly potent pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors can significantly increase lysosomal compartment size, and phagocytosis of dead neurons and amyloid beta (Aβ)1-42 by microglia in vitro We show that one of the more-potent and water-soluble pan-SHIP1/2 inhibitors, K161, can penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Consistent with this, K161 increases the capacity of CNS-resident microglia to phagocytose Aβ and apoptotic neurons following systemic administration. These findings provide the first demonstration that small molecule modulation of microglia function in vivo is feasible, and suggest that dual inhibition of the SHIP1 and 2 paralogs can provide a novel means to enhance basal microglial homeostatic functions for therapeutic purposes in Alzheimer's disease and, possibly, other types of dementia where increased microglial function could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pedicone
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Sandra Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Otto M Dungan
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Shawn M Dormann
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Dennis R Viernes
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Arijit A Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Lydia B Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Ebbing P De Jong
- Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - William G Kerr
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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18
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Lehtonen S. SHIPping out diabetes-Metformin, an old friend among new SHIP2 inhibitors. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13349. [PMID: 31342643 PMCID: PMC6916339 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SHIP2 (Src homology 2 domain‐containing inositol 5′‐phosphatase 2) belongs to the family of 5′‐phosphatases. It regulates the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐mediated insulin signalling cascade by dephosphorylating the 5′‐position of PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 to generate PtdIns(3,4)P2, suppressing the activity of the pathway. SHIP2 mouse models and genetic studies in human propose that increased expression or activity of SHIP2 contributes to the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome, hypertension and type 2 diabetes. This has raised great interest to identify SHIP2 inhibitors that could be used to design new treatments for metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the central mechanisms associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease, including the role of insulin resistance, and then moves on to describe the function of SHIP2 as a regulator of metabolism in mouse models. Finally, the identification of SHIP2 inhibitors and their effects on metabolic processes in vitro and in vivo are outlined. One of the newly identified SHIP2 inhibitors is metformin, the first‐line medication prescribed to patients with type 2 diabetes, further boosting the attraction of SHIP2 as a treatment target to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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19
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Pal Singh S, de Bruijn MJW, Velaso Gago da Graça C, Corneth OBJ, Rip J, Stadhouders R, Meijers RWJ, Schurmans S, Kerr WG, Ter Burg J, Eldering E, Langerak AW, Pillai SY, Hendriks RW. Overexpression of SH2-Containing Inositol Phosphatase Contributes to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:360-374. [PMID: 31836657 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Balanced activity of kinases and phosphatases downstream of the BCR is essential for B cell differentiation and function and is disturbed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In this study, we employed IgH.TEμ mice, which spontaneously develop CLL, and stable EMC CLL cell lines derived from these mice to explore the role of phosphatases in CLL. Genome-wide expression profiling comparing IgH.TEμ CLL cells with wild-type splenic B cells identified 96 differentially expressed phosphatase genes, including SH2-containing inositol phosphatase (Ship2). We found that B cell-specific deletion of Ship2, but not of its close homolog Ship1, significantly reduced CLL formation in IgH.TEμ mice. Treatment of EMC cell lines with Ship1/2 small molecule inhibitors resulted in the induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Using flow cytometry and Western blot analysis, we observed that blocking Ship1/2 abrogated EMC cell survival by exerting dual effects on the BCR signaling cascade. On one hand, specific Ship1 inhibition enhanced calcium signaling and thereby abrogated an anergic response to BCR stimulation in CLL cells. On the other hand, concomitant Ship1/Ship2 inhibition or specific Ship2 inhibition reduced constitutive activation of the mTORC1/ribosomal protein S6 pathway and downregulated constitutive expression of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, in both EMC cell lines and primary IgH.TEμ CLL cells. Importantly, also in human CLL, we found overexpression of many phosphatases including SHIP2. Inhibition of SHIP1/SHIP2 reduced cellular survival and S6 phosphorylation and enhanced basal calcium levels in human CLL cells. Taken together, we provide evidence that SHIP2 contributes to CLL pathogenesis in mouse and human CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simar Pal Singh
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper Rip
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud W J Meijers
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- Laboratoire de Génétique Fonctionnelle, GIGA-Research Centre, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - William G Kerr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210; and
| | - Johanna Ter Burg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saravanan Y Pillai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC, NL 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands;
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20
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Kerr WG, Chisholm JD. The Next Generation of Immunotherapy for Cancer: Small Molecules Could Make Big Waves. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:11-19. [PMID: 30587569 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
After decades of intense effort, therapeutics that leverage the immune system to fight cancer have now been conclusively demonstrated to be effective. Immuno-oncology has arrived and will play a key role in the treatment of cancer for the foreseeable future. However, the search for novel methods to improve immune responses to cancer continues unabated. Toward this end, small molecules that can either reduce immune suppression in the tumor milieu or enhance activation of cytotoxic lymphocyte responses to the tumor are actively being pursued. Such novel treatment strategies might be used as monotherapies or combined with other cancer therapies to increase and broaden their efficacy. In this article, we provide an overview of small molecule immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer. Over the next decade and beyond, these approaches could further enhance our ability to harness the immune system to combat cancer and thus become additional weapons in the oncologist's armory.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Kerr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210; .,Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244; and.,Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244; and
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21
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Ramos AR, Ghosh S, Suhel T, Chevalier C, Obeng EO, Fafilek B, Krejci P, Beck B, Erneux C. Phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases SKIP and SHIP2 in ruffles, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus: An update. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100660. [PMID: 31628071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol. They act as signaling molecules linked to essential cellular mechanisms in eukaryotic cells, such as cytoskeleton organization, mitosis, polarity, migration or invasion. PIs are phosphorylated and dephosphorylated by a large number of PI kinases and PI phosphatases acting at the 5-, 4- and 3- position of the inositol ring. PI 5-phosphatases i.e. OCRL, INPP5B, SHIP1/2, Synaptojanin 1/2, INPP5E, INPP5J, SKIP (INPP5K) are enzymes that dephosphorylate the 5-phosphate position of PIs. Several human genetic diseases such as the Lowe syndrome, some congenital muscular dystrophy and opsismodysplasia are due to mutations in PI phosphatases, resulting in loss-of-function. The PI phosphatases are also up or down regulated in several human cancers such as glioblastoma or breast cancer. Their cellular localization, that is dynamic and varies in response to stimuli, is an important issue to understand function. This is the case for two members of the PI 5-phosphatase SKIP and SHIP2. Both enzymes are in ruffles, plasma membranes, the endoplasmic reticulum, a situation that is unique for SKIP, and the nucleus. Following localization, PI 5-phosphatases act on specific cellular pools of PIs, which in turn interact with target proteins. Nuclear PIs have emerged as regulators of genome functions in different area of cell signaling. They often localize to nuclear speckles, as do several PI metabolizing kinases and phosphatases. We asked whether SKIP and SHIP2 could have an impact on nuclear PI(4,5)P2. In two glioblastoma cell models, lowering SKIP expression had an impact on nuclear PI(4,5)P2. In a model of SHIP2 deletion in MCF-7 cells, no change in nuclear PI(4,5)P2 was observed. Finally, we present evidence of an anti-tumoral role of SKIP in vivo, in xenografts using as model U87shSKIP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Ramos
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Somadri Ghosh
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Tara Suhel
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Clément Chevalier
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging ULB, 12 Rue des Professeurs Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Eric Owusu Obeng
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio, 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bohumil Fafilek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamin Beck
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium.
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22
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Tang T, Xiao ZY, Shan G, Lei HB. Descending-SHIP2-mediated radiosensitivity enhancement through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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23
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Vande Catsyne CA, Sayyed SA, Molina-Ortiz P, Moes B, Communi D, Muller J, Heusschen R, Caers J, Azzi A, Erneux C, Schurmans S. Altered chondrocyte differentiation, matrix mineralization and MEK-Erk1/2 signaling in an INPPL1 catalytic knock-out mouse model of opsismodysplasia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 76:100651. [PMID: 31519471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Opsismodysplasia (OPS) is a rare but severe autosomal recessive skeletal chondrodysplasia caused by inactivating mutations in the Inppl1/Ship2 gene. The molecular mechanism leading from Ship2 gene inactivation to OPS is currently unknown. Here, we used our Ship2Δ/Δ mouse expressing reduced amount of a catalytically-inactive SHIP2 protein and a previously reported SHIP2 inhibitor to investigate growth plate development and mineralization in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro. First, as observed in OPS patients, catalytic inactivation of SHIP2 in mouse leads to reduced body length, shortening of long bones, craniofacial dysmorphism, reduced height of the hyperthrophic chondrocyte zone and to defects in growth plate mineralization. Second, intrinsic Ship2Δ/Δ bone defects were sufficient to induce the characteristic OPS alterations in bone growth, histology and mineralization ex vivo. Third, expression of osteocalcin was significantly increased in SHIP2-inactivated chondrocyte cultures whereas production of mineralized nodules was markedly decreased. Targeting osteocalcin mRNA with a specific shRNA increased the production of mineralized nodules. Fourth, levels of p-MEK and p-Erk1/2 were significantly increased in SHIP2-inactivated chondrocytes in response to serum and IGF-1, but not to FGF2, as compared to control chondrocytes. Treatment of chondrocytes and bones in culture with a MEK inhibitor partially rescued the production of mineralized nodules, the size of the hypertrophic chondrocyte zone and bone growth, raising the possibility of a treatment that could partially reduce the phenotype of this severe condition. Altogether, our results indicate that Ship2Δ/Δ mice represent a relevant model for human OPS. They also highlight the important role of SHIP2 in chondrocytes during endochondral ossification and its different differentiation steps. Finally, we identified a role of osteocalcin in mineralized nodules production and for the MEK-Erk1/2 signaling pathway in the OPS phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Andrew Vande Catsyne
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, GIGA-B34, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sufyan Ali Sayyed
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, GIGA-B34, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patricia Molina-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, GIGA-B34, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bastien Moes
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, GIGA-B34, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - David Communi
- IRIBHM, Bat. C, Campus Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, route de Lennik 808, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Joséphine Muller
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, GIGA-B34, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Roy Heusschen
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, GIGA-B34, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jo Caers
- Laboratory of Hematology, GIGA-Inflammation, Infection & Immunity, GIGA-B34, CHU Sart Tilman, University of Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Abdelhalim Azzi
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, GIGA-B34, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- IRIBHM, Bat. C, Campus Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, route de Lennik 808, 1070, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Schurmans
- Laboratory of Functional Genetics, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Disease, GIGA-B34, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, avenue de l'Hôpital 11, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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24
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Abstract
Substituted indole scaffolds are often utilized in medicinal chemistry as they regularly possess significant pharmacological activity. Therefore the development of simple, inexpensive and efficient methods for alkylating the indole heterocycle continues to be an active research area. Reported are reactions of trichloroacetimidate electrophiles and indoles to address the challenges of accessing alkyl decorated indole structures. These alkylations perform best when either the indole or the imidate is functionalized with electron withdrawing groups to avoid polyalkylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamie Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
| | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244
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25
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Ijuin T. Phosphoinositide phosphatases in cancer cell dynamics-Beyond PI3K and PTEN. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 59:50-65. [PMID: 30922959 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides are a group of lipids that regulate intracellular signaling and subcellular biological events. The signaling by phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and Akt mediates the action of growth factors that are essential for cell proliferation, gene transcription, cell migration, and polarity. The hyperactivation of this signaling has been identified in different cancer cells; and, it has been implicated in oncogenic transformation and cancer cell malignancy. Recent studies have argued the role of phosphoinositides in cancer cell dynamics, including actin cytoskeletal rearrangement at the plasma membrane and the organization of intracellular compartments. The focus of this review is to summarize the impact of the activities of phosphoinositide phosphatases on intracellular signaling related to cancer cell dynamics and to discuss how the abnormalities in the activities of the enzymes alter the levels of phosphoinositides in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ijuin
- Division of Biochemistry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki, Chu-o, Kobe 650-0017, Japan.
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26
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Zhang R, Li J, Yan X, Jin K, Li W, Liu X, Zhao J, Shang W, Zhao X. Long non‑coding RNA MLK7‑AS1 promotes proliferation in human colorectal cancer via downregulation of p21 expression. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1210-1221. [PMID: 30535460 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies have highlighted long non‑coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as critical regulators in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). By utilizing publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset, MLK7 antisense RNA 1 (MLK7‑AS1) was identified as a novel lncRNA that correlated with CRC progression. The results of reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) revealed a significant upregulation of MLK7‑AS1 in both CRC tissue samples and cell lines. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between increased MLK7‑AS1 expression and several clinicopathological factors in patients with CRC. Importantly, MLK7‑AS1 knockdown suppressed CRC cell proliferation and promoted G1/G0 phase arrest and apoptosis in vitro, whereas MLK7‑AS1 overexpression exhibited opposite effects. Consistently, decreased MLK7‑AS1 expression inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, RT‑qPCR and western blot assays revealed that p21 may be a potential downstream target of MLK7‑AS1. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to report that MLK7‑AS1 has potential as a biomarker and may promote proliferation in CRC partially through downregulating p21 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Yan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Keer Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Wenya Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Wen Shang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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27
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Zhou YL, Zheng C, Chen YT, Chen XM. Underexpression of INPPL1 is associated with aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:7725-7731. [PMID: 30464521 PMCID: PMC6219113 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s185803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study the relationship between INPPL1 gene and clinicopathologic characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Patients and methods INPPL1 expression in PTCs was tested by quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) RNA-seq data and our mRNA data were used to analyze and reveal the relationship between INPPL1 and aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics of PTC. Results When compared to normal thyroid tissues, INPPL1 was significantly downregulated in PTC tissues, as revealed by our data and TCGA data. INPPL1 underexpression was remarkably related to aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics such as lymph node metastasis (LNM), histological type, tumor size, mulitifocality, and disease stage in TCGA data. Meanwhile, LNM was confirmed to be associated with underexpression of INPPL1 in our data. In addition, logistic analysis clearly showed that underexpression of INPPL1 was an independent factor for LNM in PTC. Conclusion INPPL1 may be a novel tumor suppressor gene in PTC, which was significantly correlated with aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics, especially LNM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Li Zhou
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Chen Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,
| | - Yi-Tong Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Tai Zhou University Medical School, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-Min Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,
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28
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Polianskyte-Prause Z, Tolvanen TA, Lindfors S, Dumont V, Van M, Wang H, Dash SN, Berg M, Naams JB, Hautala LC, Nisen H, Mirtti T, Groop PH, Wähälä K, Tienari J, Lehtonen S. Metformin increases glucose uptake and acts renoprotectively by reducing SHIP2 activity. FASEB J 2018; 33:2858-2869. [PMID: 30321069 PMCID: PMC6338644 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800529rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, the first-line drug to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D), inhibits mitochondrial glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase in the liver to suppress gluconeogenesis. However, the direct target and the underlying mechanisms by which metformin increases glucose uptake in peripheral tissues remain uncharacterized. Lipid phosphatase Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol-5-phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) is upregulated in diabetic rodent models and suppresses insulin signaling by reducing Akt activation, leading to insulin resistance and diminished glucose uptake. Here, we demonstrate that metformin directly binds to and reduces the catalytic activity of the recombinant SHIP2 phosphatase domain in vitro. Metformin inhibits SHIP2 in cultured cells and in skeletal muscle and kidney of db/db mice. In SHIP2-overexpressing myotubes, metformin ameliorates reduced glucose uptake by slowing down glucose transporter 4 endocytosis. SHIP2 overexpression reduces Akt activity and enhances podocyte apoptosis, and both are restored to normal levels by metformin. SHIP2 activity is elevated in glomeruli of patients with T2D receiving nonmetformin medication, but not in patients receiving metformin, compared with people without diabetes. Furthermore, podocyte loss in kidneys of metformin-treated T2D patients is reduced compared with patients receiving nonmetformin medication. Our data unravel a novel molecular mechanism by which metformin enhances glucose uptake and acts renoprotectively by reducing SHIP2 activity.-Polianskyte-Prause, Z., Tolvanen, T. A., Lindfors, S., Dumont, V., Van, M., Wang, H., Dash, S. N., Berg, M., Naams, J.-B., Hautala, L. C., Nisen, H., Mirtti, T., Groop, P.-H., Wähälä, K., Tienari, J., Lehtonen, S. Metformin increases glucose uptake and acts renoprotectively by reducing SHIP2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sonja Lindfors
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincent Dumont
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mervi Van
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Surjya N Dash
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Berg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Laura C Hautala
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Nisen
- Department of Urology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Research Program Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Kristiina Wähälä
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Tienari
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Hospital, Hyvinkää, Finland
| | - Sanna Lehtonen
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Ramos AR, Ghosh S, Erneux C. The impact of phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases on phosphoinositides in cell function and human disease. J Lipid Res 2018; 60:276-286. [PMID: 30194087 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r087908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PIs) are recognized as major signaling molecules in many different functions of eukaryotic cells. PIs can be dephosphorylated by multiple phosphatase activities at the 5-, 4-, and 3- positions. Human PI 5-phosphatases belong to a family of 10 members. Except for inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase A, they all catalyze the dephosphorylation of PI(4,5)P2 and/or PI(3,4,5)P3 at the 5- position. PI 5-phosphatases thus directly control the levels of PI(3,4,5)P3 and participate in the fine-tuning regulatory mechanisms of PI(3,4)P2 and PI(4,5)P2 Second messenger functions have been demonstrated for PI(3,4)P2 in invadopodium maturation and lamellipodia formation. PI 5-phosphatases can use several substrates on isolated enzymes, and it has been challenging to establish their real substrate in vivo. PI(4,5)P2 has multiple functions in signaling, including interacting with scaffold proteins, ion channels, and cytoskeleton proteins. PI 5-phosphatase isoenzymes have been individually implicated in human diseases, such as the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, through mechanisms that include lipid control. Oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions of PI 5-phosphatases have also been reported in different cell contexts. The mechanisms responsible for genetic diseases and for oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions are not fully understood. The regulation of PI 5-phosphatases is thus crucial in understanding cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Ramos
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Somadri Ghosh
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christophe Erneux
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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30
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FBP17 and CIP4 recruit SHIP2 and lamellipodin to prime the plasma membrane for fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1023-1031. [PMID: 30061681 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0146-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis mediates the cellular uptake of micronutrients and the turnover of plasma membrane proteins. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is the major uptake pathway in resting cells1, but several clathrin-independent endocytic routes exist in parallel2,3. One such pathway, fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME), is not constitutive but triggered upon activation of certain receptors, including the β1 adrenergic receptor4. FEME activates promptly following stimulation as endophilin is pre-enriched by the phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate-binding protein lamellipodin4,5. However, in the absence of stimulation, endophilin foci abort and disassemble after a few seconds. Looking for additional proteins involved in FEME, we found that 20 out of 65 BAR domain-containing proteins tested colocalized with endophilin spots. Among them, FBP17 and CIP4 prime the membrane of resting cells for FEME by recruiting the 5'-lipid phosphatase SHIP2 and lamellipodin to mediate the local production of phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate and endophilin pre-enrichment. Membrane-bound GTP-loaded Cdc42 recruits FBP17 and CIP4, before being locally deactivated by RICH1 and SH3BP1 GTPase-activating proteins. This generates the transient assembly and disassembly of endophilin spots, which lasts 5-10 seconds. This mechanism periodically primes patches of the membrane for prompt responses upon FEME activation.
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31
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Lie MRKL, van der Giessen J, Fuhler GM, de Lima A, Peppelenbosch MP, van der Ent C, van der Woude CJ. Low dose Naltrexone for induction of remission in inflammatory bowel disease patients. J Transl Med 2018. [PMID: 29523156 PMCID: PMC5845217 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1427-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 30% of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are refractory to current IBD drugs or relapse over time. Novel treatments are called for, and low dose Naltrexone (LDN) may provide a safe, easily accessible alternative treatment option for these patients. We investigated the potential of LDN to induce clinical response in therapy refractory IBD patients, and investigated its direct effects on epithelial barrier function. METHODS Patients not in remission and not responding to conventional therapy were offered to initiate LDN as a concomitant treatment. In total 47 IBD patients prescribed LDN were followed prospectively for 12 weeks. Where available, endoscopic remission data, serum and biopsies were collected. Further the effect of Naltrexone on wound healing (scratch assay), cytokine production and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (GRP78 and CHOP western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry) were investigated in HCT116 and CACO2 intestinal epithelial cells, human IBD intestinal organoids and patient samples. RESULTS Low dose Naltrexone induced clinical improvement in 74.5%, and remission in 25.5% of patients. Naltrexone improved wound healing and reduced ER stress induced by Tunicamycin, lipopolysaccharide or bacteria in epithelial barriers. Inflamed mucosa from IBD patients showed high ER stress levels, which was reduced in patients treated with LDN. Cytokine levels in neither epithelial cells nor serum from IBD patients were affected. CONCLUSIONS Naltrexone directly improves epithelial barrier function by improving wound healing and reducing mucosal ER stress levels. Low dose Naltrexone treatment is effective and safe, and could be considered for the treatment of therapy refractory IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R K L Lie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janine van der Giessen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gwenny M Fuhler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alison de Lima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cokkie van der Ent
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Janneke van der Woude
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, s Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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32
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Shu R, Xu Y, Tian Y, Zeng Y, Sun L, Gong F, Lei Y, Wang K, Luo H. Differential expression profiles of long noncoding RNA and mRNA in colorectal cancer tissues from patients with lung metastasis. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5666-5675. [PMID: 29436635 PMCID: PMC5866008 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lungs are the most common extra-abdominal site of metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC), in which long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) may serve a role. In the present study, a high-throughput microarray assay was performed to detect lncRNA expression and identify novel targets for further study of lung metastasis in CRC. In the CRC tissues from patients with lung metastasis, 7,632 lncRNA (3,574 upregulated and 4,058 downregulated) and 6,185 mRNA (3,394 upregulated and 2,791 downregulated) were detected to be differentially expressed with a fold change ≥2 and P<0.05 compared with the CRC tissues without metastasis. A total of six differentially regulated lncRNA were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 20 pairs of CRC samples. Furthermore, gene ontology and pathway analysis were conducted to predict the possible roles of the identified mRNA. The upregulated mRNA were associated with cell division (biological processes), protein kinase B binding (molecular functions) and cellular components. The downregulated mRNA were associated with cell adhesion, platelet-derived growth factor binding and membrane components. Pathway analysis determined that the upregulated mRNA were associated with the Wnt signaling pathway in the CRC tissues from patients with lung metastasis, while the downregulated mRNA were associated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. The results of the present study suggested that differentially expressed lncRNA may be associated with lung metastasis and may provide insights into the biology and prevention of lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo Shu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tian
- Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yujian Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Fangyou Gong
- Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lei
- Kunming Engineering Technology Center of Digestive Disease, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Kunhua Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Huayou Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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33
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Ghosh S, Scozzaro S, Ramos AR, Delcambre S, Chevalier C, Krejci P, Erneux C. Inhibition of SHIP2 activity inhibits cell migration and could prevent metastasis in breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.216408. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.216408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of breast cancer cells to distant organs is responsible for approximately 50 % in cancer related deaths in women worldwide. SHIP2 is a phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase for PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(4,5)P2. Through depletion of SHIP2 in triple negative MDA-MB-231 cells and the use of SHIP2 inhibitors, it appeared that cell migration is positively controlled by SHIP2. The effect of SHIP2 on migration, observed in MDA-MB-231 cells, appears to be mediated by PI(3,4)P2. Adhesion on fibronectin is always increased in SHIP2 depleted cells. Apoptosis measured in MDA-MB-231 cells is also increased in SHIP2 depleted cells as compared to control cells. In xenograft mice, SHIP2 depleted MDA-MB-231 cells form significantly smaller tumors compared to control cells and less metastasis detected in lung sections. Our data reveal a general role of SHIP2 in the control of cell migration in breast cancer cells and a second messenger role for PI(3,4)P2 in the migration mechanism. In this model, SHIP2 function on apoptosis on cells incubated in vitro, or in mice tumor digested cells, could account for its role on tumor growth determined in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somadri Ghosh
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Samuel Scozzaro
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Ana Raquel Ramos
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | | | - Clément Chevalier
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging ULB, 12 rue des professeurs Jeener et Brachet, 6041 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Christophe Erneux
- IRIBHM, Campus Erasme, ULB Bâtiment C, 808 route de Lennik 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium
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Huang S, Jin A. ZIC2 promotes viability and invasion of human osteosarcoma cells by suppressing SHIP2 expression and activating PI3K/AKT pathways. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2248-2257. [PMID: 28857346 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the skeletal system. The zinc finger transcription factor ZIC2 has been reported to be highly expressed in human cancers. The present study evaluated the effects of ZIC2 and the possible underlying mechanisms in the human osteosarcoma cells. The expression levels of ZIC2 in human fetal osteoblastic cell line (hFOB1.19), osteosarcoma cell lines (U-2OS, SaoS2, and MG63), normal bone tissue, and osteosarcoma tumor were analyzed by Western blot, and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Osteosarcoma cells with either overexpressed ZIC2 or suppressed ZIC2 were analyzed to determine cell viability, colony formation, and cell invasion. The expressions of SHIP2 and PI3K/AKT signal pathway-related proteins were analyzed by Western blot and qRT-PCR. We first showed that ZIC2 is highly expressed in osteosarcoma cells and tissues. Then we demonstrated that overexpression of ZIC2 promoted viability, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, whereas suppression of ZIC2 showed opposite effects. Furthermore, SHIP2 expression was negatively regulated by ZIC2. Importantly, ZIC2 overexpression activated the PI3K/AKT signal pathway; however, overexpressed SHIP2 inhibited these effects. Lastly, we showed that activation of the PI3K/AKT signal pathway is essential for the effects of ZIC2 on osteosarcoma cells, as the effects of ZIC2 on the osteosarcoma cells were reversed by a PI3K/AKT inhibitor. Overall, ZIC2 is highly expressed in osteosarcoma cells and tissues, and its overexpression promotes viability, invasion of osteosarcoma cells via SHIP2 suppression, and PI3K/AKT activation. Thus, ZIC2 can be considered as a novel drug target for osteosarcoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaihao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anmin Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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35
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Gumbleton M, Sudan R, Fernandes S, Engelman RW, Russo CM, Chisholm JD, Kerr WG. Dual enhancement of T and NK cell function by pulsatile inhibition of SHIP1 improves antitumor immunity and survival. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/500/eaam5353. [PMID: 29018171 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam5353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The success of immunotherapy in some cancer patients has revealed the profound capacity for cytotoxic lymphocytes to eradicate malignancies. Various immunotherapies work by blocking key checkpoint proteins that suppress immune cell activity. The phosphatase SHIP1 (SH2-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase) limits signaling from receptors that activate natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. However, unexpectedly, genetic ablation studies have shown that the effector functions of SHIP1-deficient NK and T cells are compromised in vivo. Because chronic activation of immune cells renders them less responsive to activating signals (a host mechanism to avoid autoimmunity), we hypothesized that the failure of SHIP1 inhibition to induce antitumor immunity in those studies was caused by the permanence of genetic ablation. Accordingly, we found that reversible and pulsatile inhibition of SHIP1 with 3-α-aminocholestane (3AC; "SHIPi") increased the antitumor response of NK and CD8+ T cells in vitro and in vivo. Transient SHIP1 inhibition in mouse models of lymphoma and colon cancer improved the median and long-term tumor-free survival rates. Adoptive transfer assays showed evidence of immunological memory to the tumor in hematolymphoid cells from SHIPi-treated, long-term surviving mice. The findings suggest that a pulsatile regimen of SHIP1 inhibition might be an effective immunotherapy in some cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Gumbleton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Raki Sudan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Sandra Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Robert W Engelman
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.,H. Lee Moffitt Comprehensive Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | | | - John D Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - William G Kerr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.,Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
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36
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Le Coq J, Camacho-Artacho M, Velázquez JV, Santiveri CM, Gallego LH, Campos-Olivas R, Dölker N, Lietha D. Structural basis for interdomain communication in SHIP2 providing high phosphatase activity. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28792888 PMCID: PMC5550278 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SH2-containing-inositol-5-phosphatases (SHIPs) dephosphorylate the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) and play important roles in regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway in physiology and disease. Aiming to uncover interdomain regulatory mechanisms in SHIP2, we determined crystal structures containing the 5-phosphatase and a proximal region adopting a C2 fold. This reveals an extensive interface between the two domains, which results in significant structural changes in the phosphatase domain. Both the phosphatase and C2 domains bind phosphatidylserine lipids, which likely helps to position the active site towards its substrate. Although located distant to the active site, the C2 domain greatly enhances catalytic turnover. Employing molecular dynamics, mutagenesis and cell biology, we identify two distinct allosteric signaling pathways, emanating from hydrophobic or polar interdomain interactions, differentially affecting lipid chain or headgroup moieties of PI(3,4,5)P3. Together, this study reveals details of multilayered C2-mediated effects important for SHIP2 activity and points towards interesting new possibilities for therapeutic interventions. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.26640.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Le Coq
- Cell Signalling and Adhesion Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Camacho-Artacho
- Cell Signalling and Adhesion Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Vicente Velázquez
- Cell Signalling and Adhesion Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara M Santiveri
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Heredia Gallego
- Cell Signalling and Adhesion Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Campos-Olivas
- Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicole Dölker
- Structural Computational Biology Group, Structural Biology and Biocomputing Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Lietha
- Cell Signalling and Adhesion Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
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Thomas MP, Erneux C, Potter BVL. SHIP2: Structure, Function and Inhibition. Chembiochem 2017; 18:233-247. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark P. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; University of Bath; Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Christophe Erneux
- I.R.I.B.H.M.; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Campus Erasme 808 Route de Lennik 1070 Brussels Belgium
| | - Barry V. L. Potter
- Drug Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry; Department of Pharmacology; University of Oxford; Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3QT UK
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