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Caverzan MD, Ibarra LE. Advancing glioblastoma treatment through iron metabolism: A focus on TfR1 and Ferroptosis innovations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134777. [PMID: 39153669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents a formidable challenge in oncology, characterized by aggressive proliferation and poor prognosis. Iron metabolism plays a critical player in GBM progression, with dysregulated iron uptake and utilization contributing to tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Iron's pivotal role in DNA synthesis, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis underscores its significance in GBM pathogenesis. Elevated expression of iron transporters, such as transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), highlights the tumor's reliance on iron for survival. Innovative treatment strategies targeting iron dysregulation hold promise for overcoming therapeutic challenges in GBM management. Approaches such as iron chelation therapies, induction of ferroptosis to nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems exploit iron-dependent vulnerabilities, offering avenues for enhance treatment efficacy and improve patient outcomes. As research advances, understanding the complexities of iron-mediated carcinogenesis provides a foundation for developing precision medicine approaches tailored to combat GBM effectively. This review explores the intricate relationship between iron metabolism and GBM, elucidating its multifaceted implications and therapeutic opportunities. By consolidating the latest insights into iron metabolism in GBM, this review underscores its potential as a therapeutic target for improving patient care in combination with the standard of care approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías D Caverzan
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina; Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina
| | - Luis E Ibarra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina; Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto (UNRC) y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rio Cuarto X5800BIA, Argentina.
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2
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Li M, Gao X, Su Y, Shan S, Qian W, Zhang Z, Zhu D. FOXM1 transcriptional regulation. Biol Cell 2024:e2400012. [PMID: 38963053 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202400012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
FOXM1 is a key transcriptional regulator involved in various biological processes in mammals, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, aging, immune regulation, development, and disease. Early studies have shown that FOXM1 acts as an oncogene by regulating cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, metastasis, and apoptosis, as well as genes related to diagnosis, treatment, chemotherapy resistance, and prognosis. Researchers are increasingly focusing on FOXM1 functions in tumor microenvironment, epigenetics, and immune infiltration. However, researchers have not comprehensively described FOXM1's involvement in tumor microenvironment shaping, epigenetics, and immune cell infiltration. Here we review the role of FOXM1 in the formation and development of malignant tumors, and we will provide a comprehensive summary of the role of FOXM1 in transcriptional regulation, interacting proteins, tumor microenvironment, epigenetics, and immune infiltration, and suggest areas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Xuzheng Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanting Su
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Shigang Shan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhenwang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, P. R. China
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3
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Tashakori N, Kolour SSP, Ghafouri K, Ahmed SI, Kahrizi MS, Gerami R, Altafi M, Nazari A. Critical role of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in radiotherapy (RT)-resistance of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer: Is there a way to defeat this resistance? Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155289. [PMID: 38703607 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a frequently used treatment for cervical cancer, effectively decreasing the likelihood of the disease returning in the same area and extending the lifespan of individuals with cervical cancer. Nevertheless, the primary reason for treatment failure in cancer patients is the cancer cells' resistance to radiation therapy (RT). Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are a subset of RNA molecules that do not code for proteins and are longer than 200 nucleotides. They have a significant impact on the regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers biological processes. Recent research has shown that lncRNAs have a significant impact in controlling the responsiveness of GI cancer to radiation. This review provides a concise overview of the composition and operation of lncRNAs as well as the intricate molecular process behind radiosensitivity in GI cancer. Additionally, it compiles a comprehensive list of lncRNAs that are linked to radiosensitivity in such cancers. Furthermore, it delves into the potential practical implementation of these lncRNAs in modulating radiosensitivity in GI cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Tashakori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Ghafouri
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Ibrahem Ahmed
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | | | - Reza Gerami
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mana Altafi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Shiraz Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Afsaneh Nazari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran.
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Guler A, Hamurcu Z, Ulutabanca H, Cınar V, Nurdinov N, Erdem S, Ozpolat B. Flavopiridol Suppresses Cell Proliferation and Migration and Induces Apoptotic Cell Death by Inhibiting Oncogenic FOXM1 Signaling in IDH Wild-Type and IDH-Mutant GBM Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1061-1079. [PMID: 37676393 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains one of the most challenging solid cancers to treat due to its highly aggressive and drug-resistant nature. Flavopiridol is synthetic flavone that was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Flavopiridol exhibits antiproliferative activity in several solid cancer cells and currently evaluated in clinical trials in several solid and hematological cancers. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying antiproliferative effects of flavopiridol in GBM cell lines with wild-type and mutant encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). We found that flavopiridol inhibits proliferation, colony formation, and migration and induces apoptosis in IDH1 wild-type and IDH-mutant cells through inhibition of FOXM1 oncogenic signaling. Furthermore, flavopiridol treatment also inhibits of NF-KB, mediators unfolded protein response (UPR), including, GRP78, PERK and IRE1α, and DNA repair enzyme PARP, which have been shown to be potential therapeutic targets by downregulating FOXM1 in GBM cells. Our findings suggest for the first time that flavopiridol suppresses proliferation, survival, and migration and induces apoptosis in IDH1 wild-type and IDH1-mutant GBM cells by targeting FOXM1 oncogenic signaling which also regulates NF-KB, PARP, and UPR response in GBM cells. Flavopiridol may be a potential novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of patients IDH1 wild-type and IDH1-mutant GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsen Guler
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Halil Ulutabanca
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Venhar Cınar
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Nursultan Nurdinov
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry, Ahmet Yesevi University, Turkestan, Kazakhstan
| | - Serife Erdem
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Methodist Neil Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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5
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Tabnak P, Hasanzade Bashkandi A, Ebrahimnezhad M, Soleimani M. Forkhead box transcription factors (FOXOs and FOXM1) in glioma: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutics. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:238. [PMID: 37821870 PMCID: PMC10568859 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most aggressive and malignant type of primary brain tumor, comprises the majority of central nervous system deaths, and is categorized into different subgroups according to its histological characteristics, including astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and mixed tumors. The forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors comprise a collection of proteins that play various roles in numerous complex molecular cascades and have been discovered to be differentially expressed in distinct glioma subtypes. FOXM1 and FOXOs have been recognized as crucial transcription factors in tumor cells, including glioma cells. Accumulating data indicates that FOXM1 acts as an oncogene in various types of cancers, and a significant part of studies has investigated its function in glioma. Although recent studies considered FOXO subgroups as tumor suppressors, there are pieces of evidence that they may have an oncogenic role. This review will discuss the subtle functions of FOXOs and FOXM1 in gliomas, dissecting their regulatory network with other proteins, microRNAs and their role in glioma progression, including stem cell differentiation and therapy resistance/sensitivity, alongside highlighting recent pharmacological progress for modulating their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Tabnak
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Ebrahimnezhad
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Soleimani
- Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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6
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Kumar V, Bauer C, Stewart JH. Cancer cell-specific cGAS/STING Signaling pathway in the era of advancing cancer cell biology. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151338. [PMID: 37423035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are critical to recognizing endogenous and exogenous threats to mount a protective proinflammatory innate immune response. PRRs may be located on the outer cell membrane, cytosol, and nucleus. The cGAS/STING signaling pathway is a cytosolic PRR system. Notably, cGAS is also present in the nucleus. The cGAS-mediated recognition of cytosolic dsDNA and its cleavage into cGAMP activates STING. Furthermore, STING activation through its downstream signaling triggers different interferon-stimulating genes (ISGs), initiating the release of type 1 interferons (IFNs) and NF-κB-mediated release of proinflammatory cytokines and molecules. Activating cGAS/STING generates type 1 IFN, which may prevent cellular transformation and cancer development, growth, and metastasis. The current article delineates the impact of the cancer cell-specific cGAS/STING signaling pathway alteration in tumors and its impact on tumor growth and metastasis. This article further discusses different approaches to specifically target cGAS/STING signaling in cancer cells to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in conjunction with existing anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA.
| | - Caitlin Bauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA; Louisiana Children's Medical Center Cancer Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA.
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7
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Fala M, Ros S, Sawle A, Rao JU, Tsyben A, Tronci L, Frezza C, Mair R, Brindle KM. The role of branched-chain aminotransferase 1 in driving glioblastoma cell proliferation and invasion varies with tumor subtype. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad120. [PMID: 37885806 PMCID: PMC10599397 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Branched-chain aminotransferase 1 (BCAT1) has been proposed to drive proliferation and invasion of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma cells. However, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset shows considerable variation in the expression of this enzyme in glioblastoma. The aim of this study was to determine the role of BCAT1 in driving the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells and xenografts that have widely differing levels of BCAT1 expression and the mechanism responsible. Methods The activity of BCAT1 was modulated in IDH wild-type patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines, and in orthotopically implanted tumors derived from these cells, to examine the effects of BCAT1 expression on tumor phenotype. Results In cells with constitutively high BCAT1 expression and a glycolytic metabolic phenotype, inducible shRNA knockdown of the enzyme resulted in reduced proliferation and invasion by increasing the concentration of α-ketoglutarate, leading to reduced DNA methylation, HIF-1α destabilization, and reduced expression of the transcription factor Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1). Conversely, overexpression of the enzyme increased HIF-1α expression and promoted proliferation and invasion. However, in cells with an oxidative phenotype and very low constitutive expression of BCAT1 increased expression of the enzyme had no effect on invasion and reduced cell proliferation. This occurred despite an increase in HIF-1α levels and could be explained by decreased TCA cycle flux. Conclusions There is a wide variation in BCAT1 expression in glioblastoma and its role in proliferation and invasion is dependent on tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fala
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Ros
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Sawle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jyotsna U Rao
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Tsyben
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Tronci
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Mair
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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The Molecular and Cellular Strategies of Glioblastoma and Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells Conferring Radioresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113577. [PMID: 36362359 PMCID: PMC9656305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) has been shown to play a crucial role in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM; grade IV) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, recent studies have indicated that radiotherapy can offer only palliation owing to the radioresistance of GBM and NSCLC. Therefore, delineating the major radioresistance mechanisms may provide novel therapeutic approaches to sensitize these diseases to IR and improve patient outcomes. This review provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying GBM and NSCLC radioresistance, where it sheds light on the role played by cancer stem cells (CSCs), as well as discusses comprehensively how the cellular dormancy/non-proliferating state and polyploidy impact on their survival and relapse post-IR exposure.
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9
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Singh S, Murillo G, Richner J, Singh SP, Berleth E, Kumar V, Mehta R, Ramiya V, Parihar AS. A Broad-Based Characterization of a Cell-Penetrating, Single Domain Camelid Bi-Specific Antibody Monomer That Targets STAT3 and KRAS Dependent Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147565. [PMID: 35886918 PMCID: PMC9323098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
STAT3 and KRAS regulate cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Aberrant expression of STAT3 and mutant active forms of KRAS have been well-established in the induction and maintenance of multiple cancers. STAT3 and KRAS mutant proteins have been considered anti-cancer targets; however, they are also considered to be clinically “undruggable” intracellular molecules, except for KRAS(G12C). Here we report a first-in-class molecule, a novel, single domain camelid VHH antibody (15 kDa), SBT-100, that binds to both STAT3 and KRAS and can penetrate the tumor cell membrane, and significantly inhibit cancer cell growth. Additionally, SBT-100 inhibits KRAS GTPase activity and downstream phosphorylation of ERK in vitro. In addition, SBT-100 inhibits the growth of multiple human cancers in vitro and in vivo. These results demonstrate the feasibility of targeting hard-to-reach aberrant intracellular transcription factors and signaling proteins simultaneously with one VHH to improve cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunanda Singh
- Singh Biotechnology, 1547 Fox Grape Loop, Lutz, FL 33558, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.S.P.)
| | - Genoveva Murillo
- IIT Research Institute, 10 W. 35th Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; (G.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Justin Richner
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, E829 Medical Sciences Building, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Samara P. Singh
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Erica Berleth
- Acudex, Inc., 701 Ellicott Street, CBLS, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (E.B.); (V.K.)
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Acudex, Inc., 701 Ellicott Street, CBLS, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA; (E.B.); (V.K.)
| | - Rajendra Mehta
- IIT Research Institute, 10 W. 35th Street, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; (G.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Vijay Ramiya
- Singh Biotechnology, 1547 Fox Grape Loop, Lutz, FL 33558, USA;
| | - Ashutosh S. Parihar
- Singh Biotechnology, 1547 Fox Grape Loop, Lutz, FL 33558, USA;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (A.S.P.)
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10
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Maksoud S. The DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Glioma: Molecular Players and Therapeutic Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5326-5365. [PMID: 35696013 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent type of tumor in the central nervous system, which exhibit properties that make their treatment difficult, such as cellular infiltration, heterogeneity, and the presence of stem-like cells responsible for tumor recurrence. The response of this type of tumor to chemoradiotherapy is poor, possibly due to a higher repair activity of the genetic material, among other causes. The DNA double-strand breaks are an important type of lesion to the genetic material, which have the potential to trigger processes of cell death or cause gene aberrations that could promote tumorigenesis. This review describes how the different cellular elements regulate the formation of DNA double-strand breaks and their repair in gliomas, discussing the therapeutic potential of the induction of this type of lesion and the suppression of its repair as a control mechanism of brain tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semer Maksoud
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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11
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Transcription Factors with Targeting Potential in Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073720. [PMID: 35409080 PMCID: PMC8998804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas portray a large and heterogeneous group of CNS tumors, encompassing a wide range of low- to high-grade tumors, as defined by histological and molecular characteristics. The identification of signature mutations and other molecular abnormalities has largely impacted tumor classification, diagnosis, and therapy. Transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators of gene expression programs, which ultimately shape cell fate and homeostasis. A variety of TFs have been detected to be aberrantly expressed in brain tumors, being highly implicated in critical pathological aspects and progression of gliomas. Herein, we describe a selection of oncogenic (GLI-1/2/3, E2F1–8, STAT3, and HIF-1/2) and tumor suppressor (NFI-A/B, TBXT, MYT1, and MYT1L) TFs that are deregulated in gliomas and are subsequently associated with tumor development, progression, and migratory potential. We further discuss the current targeting options against these TFs, including chemical (Bortezomib) and natural (Plumbagin) compounds, small molecules, and inhibitors, and address their potential implications in glioma therapy.
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12
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Shih PC. The role of the STAT3 signaling transduction pathways in radioresistance. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108118. [PMID: 35085605 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of radiotherapy has long known to be limited by the emergence of resistance. The four Rs of radiotherapy (DNA damage repair, reoxygenation, redistribution of the cell cycle, and repopulation) are generally accepted concepts in radiobioolgy. Recent studies have strongly linked signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to the regulation of cancer stemness and radioresistance. In particular, a STAT3 pathway inhibitor napabucasin, claimed to be the first cancer stemness antagonist in clinical trials, strengthens the link. However, no reviews connect STAT3 with the four Rs of radiotherapy. Herein, the evidence-based role of STAT3 in radioresistance is discussed in relation to the four Rs of radiotherapy. The proposed mechanisms include upstream and downstream effector proteins of STAT3, including FOXM1, MELK, NEK2, AKT, EZH2, and HIF1α. Downstream transcriptional products of the mechanistically-related proteins are involved in cancer stemness, anti-apoptosis, and the four Rs of radiotherapy. Utilizing selective inhibitors of the mechanistically-related proteins has shown promising antagonism of radioresistance, suggesting that the expression levels of these proteins may be biomarkers for the prediction of radiotherapeutic outcomes, and that this molecular mechanism may provide a rational axis through which to treat radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chang Shih
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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13
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Papavassiliou KA, Papavassiliou AG. Transcription factors in glioblastoma - Molecular pathogenesis and clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188667. [PMID: 34894431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is one of the most lethal human cancers, however, the molecular mechanisms driving GBM remain largely elusive. Recent studies have revealed that transcription factors are significantly involved in GBM biology. Transcription factors (TFs), which are proteins that bind DNA to regulate gene expression, have critical roles at focal points in signaling pathways, orchestrating many cellular processes, such as cell growth and proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, immune responses, and metabolism. Dysregulated or mutated TFs are common in GBM, resulting in aberrant gene expression that promotes tumor initiation, progression, and resistance to conventional therapies. In the present Review, we focus on TFs that are implicated in GBM pathogenesis, highlighting their oncogenic or tumor suppressive functions and describing the molecular mechanisms underlying their effect on GBM cells. We also discuss their use as biomarkers for GBM prognosis and therapeutic response, as well as their targeting with drugs for GBM treatment. Deciphering the role of TFs in the biology of GBM will provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms and reveal novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas A Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Athens, Greece.
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14
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Bahmad HF, Daher D, Aljamal AA, Elajami MK, Oh KS, Alvarez Moreno JC, Delgado R, Suarez R, Zaldivar A, Azimi R, Castellano A, Sackstein R, Poppiti RJ. Repurposing of Anticancer Stem Cell Drugs in Brain Tumors. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:749-773. [PMID: 34165342 PMCID: PMC8647630 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211025482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors in adults may be infrequent when compared with other cancer etiologies, but they remain one of the deadliest with bleak survival rates. Current treatment modalities encompass surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, increasing resistance rates are being witnessed, and this has been attributed, in part, to cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are a subpopulation of cancer cells that reside within the tumor bulk and have the capacity for self-renewal and can differentiate and proliferate into multiple cell lineages. Studying those CSCs enables an increasing understanding of carcinogenesis, and targeting CSCs may overcome existing treatment resistance. One approach to weaponize new drugs is to target these CSCs through drug repurposing which entails using drugs, which are Food and Drug Administration-approved and safe for one defined disease, for a new indication. This approach serves to save both time and money that would otherwise be spent in designing a totally new therapy. In this review, we will illustrate drug repurposing strategies that have been used in brain tumors and then further elaborate on how these approaches, specifically those that target the resident CSCs, can help take the field of drug repurposing to a new level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F. Bahmad
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Darine Daher
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of
Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abed A. Aljamal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai
Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Mohamad K. Elajami
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mount Sinai
Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Kei Shing Oh
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Juan Carlos Alvarez Moreno
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Ruben Delgado
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Richard Suarez
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim
College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Ana Zaldivar
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Roshanak Azimi
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
| | - Amilcar Castellano
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim
College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert Sackstein
- Department of Translational Medicine,
Translational Glycobiology Institute, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine,
Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Robert J. Poppiti
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology
and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach,
Florida
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Wertheim
College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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15
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Penninckx S, Pariset E, Cekanaviciute E, Costes SV. Quantification of radiation-induced DNA double strand break repair foci to evaluate and predict biological responses to ionizing radiation. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab046. [PMID: 35692378 PMCID: PMC8693576 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced foci (RIF) are nuclear puncta visualized by immunostaining of proteins that regulate DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair after exposure to ionizing radiation. RIF are a standard metric for measuring DSB formation and repair in clinical, environmental and space radiobiology. The time course and dose dependence of their formation has great potential to predict in vivo responses to ionizing radiation, predisposition to cancer and probability of adverse reactions to radiotherapy. However, increasing complexity of experimentally and therapeutically setups (charged particle, FLASH …) is associated with several confounding factors that must be taken into account when interpreting RIF values. In this review, we discuss the spatiotemporal characteristics of RIF development after irradiation, addressing the common confounding factors, including cell proliferation and foci merging. We also describe the relevant endpoints and mathematical models that enable accurate biological interpretation of RIF formation and resolution. Finally, we discuss the use of RIF as a biomarker for quantification and prediction of in vivo radiation responses, including important caveats relating to the choice of the biological endpoint and the detection method. This review intends to help scientific community design radiobiology experiments using RIF as a key metric and to provide suggestions for their biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Penninckx
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Medical Physics Department, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1 Rue Héger-Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eloise Pariset
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, 615 National Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA
| | - Egle Cekanaviciute
- Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Sylvain V Costes
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 650 604 5343;
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16
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Zhao C, Chen HY, Zhao F, Feng HJ, Su JP. Acylglycerol kinase promotes paclitaxel resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by regulating FOXM1 via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Cytokine 2021; 148:155595. [PMID: 34116927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug resistance is an important factor that impedes the treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Acylglycerol kinase (AGK) has been found to be overexpressed in NPC and correlates with poor prognosis. Our objective was to demonstrate the effect of AGK on paclitaxel resistance in NPC and determine the underlying mechanisms. METHODS MTT assay was employed to determine the IC50 of paclitaxel in NPC cells after different treatments. Flow cytometry assays were employed to evaluate cell apoptosis. RT-qPCR and Western blot assays were used to detect alterations in mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were used to determine the relationship between and the regulatory effect of STAT3 on the promoter of FOXM1. RESULTS AGK was elevated in paclitaxel-resistant NPC cells, and knockdown of AGK suppressed the resistance of CNE1-TR and CNE2-TR cells to paclitaxel. Moreover, upregulation of FOXM1 rescued the effects of AGK knockdown. Furthermore, the JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway was overactivated in CNE1-TR and CNE2-TR cells, and knockdown of AGK suppressed JAK2/STAT3 signalling. STAT3 was verified to bind to and activate the promoter region of FOXM1. An in vivo tumour xenograft assay also verified that AGK knockdown inhibited tumour growth and mitigated paclitaxel resistance by regulating the JAK2/STAT3/FOXM1 axis. CONCLUSION AGK levels were increased in paclitaxel-resistant NPC cells. AGK activates JAK2/STAT3 signalling, thus promoting FOXM1 transcription and eventually enhancing the drug resistance of NPC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, PR China
| | - Hui-Ying Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China
| | - Hua-Jun Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province 646000, PR China
| | - Ji-Ping Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530021, PR China.
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17
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Najem H, Khasraw M, Heimberger AB. Immune Microenvironment Landscape in CNS Tumors and Role in Responses to Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:2032. [PMID: 34440802 PMCID: PMC8393758 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the important evolution of immunotherapeutic agents, brain tumors remain, in general, refractory to immune therapeutics. Recent discoveries have revealed that the glioma microenvironment includes a wide variety of immune cells in various states that play an important role in the process of tumorigenesis. Anti-tumor immune activity may be occurring or induced in immunogenic hot spots or at the invasive edge of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Understanding the complex heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment in gliomas will likely be the key to unlocking the full potential of immunotherapeutic strategies. An essential consideration will be the induction of immunological effector responses in the setting of the numerous aspects of immunosuppression and evasion. As such, immune therapeutic combinations are a fundamental objective for clinical studies in gliomas. Through immune profiling conducted on immune competent murine models of glioma and ex vivo human glioma tissue, we will discuss how the frequency, distribution of immune cells within the microenvironment, and immune modulatory processes, may be therapeutically modulated to lead to clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinda Najem
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
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18
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Kwon YS, Lee MG, Baek J, Kim NY, Jang H, Kim S. Acyl-CoA synthetase-4 mediates radioresistance of breast cancer cells by regulating FOXM1. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114718. [PMID: 34358518 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of radioresistance during radiotherapy is a major cause of tumor recurrence and metastasis. To provide new insights of the mechanisms underlying radioresistance, we established radioresistant cell lines derived from two different subtypes of breast cancer cells, HER2-positive SK-BR-3 and ER-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells, by exposing cells to 48 ~ 70 Gy of radiation delivered at 4-5 Gy twice weekly over 9 ~ 10 months. The established radioresistant SK-BR-3 (SR) and MCF-7 (MR) cells were resistant not only to a single dose of radiation (2 Gy or 4 Gy) but also to fractionated radiation delivered at 2 Gy/day for 5 days. Furthermore, these cells exhibited tumor-initiating potential in vivo and high CD24-/CD44 + ratio. To identify novel therapeutic molecular targets, we analyzed differentially expressed genes in both radioresistant cell lines and found that the expression of ACSL4 was significantly elevated in both cell lines. Targeting ACSL4 improved response to irradiation and inhibited migration activities. Furthermore, inhibition of ACLS4 using ASCL4 siRNA or triacsin C suppressed FOXM1 expression, whereas inhibition of FOXM1 using thiostrepton did not affect ACSL4 expression. Targeting the ACSL4-FOXM1 signaling axis by inhibiting ASCL4 or FOXM1 overcame the radioresistance by suppressing DNA damage responses and inducing apoptosis. This is the first study to report that ACSL4 plays a crucial role in mediating the radioresistance of breast cancer by regulating FOXM1. We propose the ACSL4-FOXM1 signaling axis be considered a novel therapeutic target in radioresistant breast cancer and suggest treatment strategies targeting this signaling axis might overcome breast cancer radioresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Suk Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Gu Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Baek
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Yi Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38066, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Stanzani E, Pedrosa L, Bourmeau G, Anezo O, Noguera-Castells A, Esteve-Codina A, Passoni L, Matteoli M, de la Iglesia N, Seano G, Martínez-Soler F, Tortosa A. Dual Role of Integrin Alpha-6 in Glioblastoma: Supporting Stemness in Proneural Stem-Like Cells While Inducing Radioresistance in Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123055. [PMID: 34205341 PMCID: PMC8235627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are responsible for most of the malignant characteristics of glioblastoma, including therapeutic resistance, tumour recurrence, and tumour cellular heterogeneity. Therefore, increased understanding of the mechanisms regulating GSCs aggressiveness may help to improve patients’ outcomes. Here, we investigated the role of integrin a6 in controlling stemness and resistance to radiotherapy across proneural and mesenchymal molecular subtypes. We observed that integrin a6 had a clear role in stemness maintenance in proneural but not in mesenchymal GSCs. In addition, we proved a crucial role of integrin a6 in supporting mesenchymal GSCs resistance to ionizing radiation. Finally, we highlighted that integrin a6 may control different stem-associated features in GSCs, depending on the molecular subtype. The inhibition of integrin a6 limits stem-like malignant characteristics in both GSCs subtypes and thus may potentially control tumour relapse following conventional treatment. Abstract Therapeutic resistance after multimodal therapy is the most relevant cause of glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence. Extensive cellular heterogeneity, mainly driven by the presence of GBM stem-like cells (GSCs), strongly correlates with patients’ prognosis and limited response to therapies. Defining the mechanisms that drive stemness and control responsiveness to therapy in a GSC-specific manner is therefore essential. Here we investigated the role of integrin a6 (ITGA6) in controlling stemness and resistance to radiotherapy in proneural and mesenchymal GSCs subtypes. Using cell sorting, gene silencing, RNA-Seq, and in vitro assays, we verified that ITGA6 expression seems crucial for proliferation and stemness of proneural GSCs, while it appears not to be relevant in mesenchymal GSCs under basal conditions. However, when challenged with a fractionated protocol of radiation therapy, comparable to that used in the clinical setting, mesenchymal GSCs were dependent on integrin a6 for survival. Specifically, GSCs with reduced levels of ITGA6 displayed a clear reduction of DNA damage response and perturbation of cell cycle pathways. These data indicate that ITGA6 inhibition is able to overcome the radioresistance of mesenchymal GSCs, while it reduces proliferation and stemness in proneural GSCs. Therefore, integrin a6 controls crucial characteristics across GBM subtypes in GBM heterogeneous biology and thus may represent a promising target to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Stanzani
- Apoptosis and Cancer Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, IDIBELL, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Correspondence: or (E.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Leire Pedrosa
- Haematology and Oncology Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (N.d.l.I.)
| | - Guillaume Bourmeau
- Tumor Microenvironment Lab., Institut Curie, Université PSL, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France; (G.B.); (O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Oceane Anezo
- Tumor Microenvironment Lab., Institut Curie, Université PSL, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France; (G.B.); (O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Aleix Noguera-Castells
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Oncology, Departament of Medicine, CELLEX Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- Functional Genomics, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CNAG-CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Passoni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Brain Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Michela Matteoli
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, c/o Humanitas, 20089 Rozzano, Italy;
| | - Núria de la Iglesia
- Haematology and Oncology Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.P.); (N.d.l.I.)
| | - Giorgio Seano
- Tumor Microenvironment Lab., Institut Curie, Université PSL, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, 91400 Orsay, France; (G.B.); (O.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Fina Martínez-Soler
- Apoptosis and Cancer Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, IDIBELL, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
| | - Avelina Tortosa
- Apoptosis and Cancer Unit, Department of Physiological Sciences, IDIBELL, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain;
- Department of Basic Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08907 L’Hospitalet del Llobregat, Spain
- Correspondence: or (E.S.); (A.T.)
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20
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Galeaz C, Totis C, Bisio A. Radiation Resistance: A Matter of Transcription Factors. Front Oncol 2021; 11:662840. [PMID: 34141616 PMCID: PMC8204019 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.662840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, radiation therapy is one of the standard therapies for cancer treatment. Since the first applications, the field of radiotherapy has constantly improved, both in imaging technologies and from a dose-painting point of view. Despite this, the mechanisms of resistance are still a great problem to overcome. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of these molecular mechanisms will allow researchers to develop new therapeutic strategies to eradicate cancer effectively. This review focuses on different transcription factors activated in response to radiotherapy and, unfortunately, involved in cancer cells’ survival. In particular, ionizing radiations trigger the activation of the immune modulators STAT3 and NF-κB, which contribute to the development of radiation resistance through the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes, the promotion of proliferation, the alteration of the cell cycle, and the induction of genes responsible for the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). Moreover, the ROS-dependent damaging effects of radiation therapy are hampered by the induction of antioxidant enzymes by NF-κB, NRF2, and HIF-1. This protective process results in a reduced effectiveness of the treatment, whose mechanism of action relies mainly on the generation of free oxygen radicals. Furthermore, the previously mentioned transcription factors are also involved in the maintenance of stemness in Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs), a subset of tumor cells that are intrinsically resistant to anti-cancer therapies. Therefore, combining standard treatments with new therapeutic strategies targeted against these transcription factors may be a promising opportunity to avoid resistance and thus tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Galeaz
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Cristina Totis
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Laboratory of Radiobiology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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21
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Barger CJ, Chee L, Albahrani M, Munoz-Trujillo C, Boghean L, Branick C, Odunsi K, Drapkin R, Zou L, Karpf AR. Co-regulation and function of FOXM1/ RHNO1 bidirectional genes in cancer. eLife 2021; 10:e55070. [PMID: 33890574 PMCID: PMC8104967 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The FOXM1 transcription factor is an oncoprotein and a top biomarker of poor prognosis in human cancer. Overexpression and activation of FOXM1 is frequent in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), the most common and lethal form of human ovarian cancer, and is linked to copy number gains at chromosome 12p13.33. We show that FOXM1 is co-amplified and co-expressed with RHNO1, a gene involved in the ATR-Chk1 signaling pathway that functions in the DNA replication stress response. We demonstrate that FOXM1 and RHNO1 are head-to-head (i.e., bidirectional) genes (BDG) regulated by a bidirectional promoter (BDP) (named F/R-BDP). FOXM1 and RHNO1 each promote oncogenic phenotypes in HGSC cells, including clonogenic growth, DNA homologous recombination repair, and poly-ADP ribosylase inhibitor resistance. FOXM1 and RHNO1 are one of the first examples of oncogenic BDG, and therapeutic targeting of FOXM1/RHNO1 BDG is a potential therapeutic approach for ovarian and other cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/genetics
- Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins/metabolism
- Carboplatin/pharmacology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Checkpoint Kinase 1/genetics
- Checkpoint Kinase 1/metabolism
- Databases, Genetic
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein M1/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/genetics
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Recombinational DNA Repair
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter J Barger
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Linda Chee
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Mustafa Albahrani
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Catalina Munoz-Trujillo
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Lidia Boghean
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Connor Branick
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, Immunology, and Center for Immunotherapy, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloUnited States
| | - Ronny Drapkin
- Penn Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Lee Zou
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
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22
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Effect of hnRNPA2/B1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma U251 cells via the regulation of AKT and STAT3 pathways. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225046. [PMID: 32463472 PMCID: PMC7350891 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the human central nervous system. Although heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2/B1) was previously presumed to be a tumor-promoting gene, the relationship between hnRNPA2/B1 and glioma is unclear. Targeting hnRNPA2/B1 interference in glioma cells can significantly inhibit proliferation and increase apoptosis of human glioma cells in vitro. In a tumor xenograft model, knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 suppressed tumor growth in glioma cells in vivo. In terms of a mechanism, the knockdown of hnRNPA2/B1 led to inactivation of the AKT and STAT3 signaling pathways, which ultimately reduced the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), CyclinD1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Collectively, these data suggest that the inhibition of hnRNPA2/B1 can reduce the growth of gliomas through STAT3 and AKT signaling pathways, and this inhibition is expected to be a therapeutic target for gliomas.
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Gortany NK, Panahi G, Ghafari H, Shekari M, Ghazi-Khansari M. Foretinib induces G2/M cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and invasion in human glioblastoma cells through c-MET inhibition. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 87:827-842. [PMID: 33688998 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most aggressive human cancers. The c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) which is frequently deregulated in GBM is considered as a promising target for GBM treatment. The c-MET plays a key role in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Here, we investigated the anti-tumour activity of foretinib, a c-MET inhibitor, on three human GBM cells (T98G, U87MG and U251). METHODS Anti-proliferative effect of foretinib was determined using MTT, crystal violet staining, and clonogenic assays. PI and Annexin V/PI staining flow cytometry were used to evaluate the effects of foretinib on cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Scratch assay, qRT-PCR, western blot, and zymography analyses were applied to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-tumour activity of foretinib. RESULTS Foretinib treatment reduced phosphorylation of c-MET on T98G and U251 cells, but not in U87MG cells. The highest inhibitory effect was observed in T98G cells (IC50 = 4.66 ± 0.29 µM) and the lowest one in U87MG cells (IC50 = 29.99 ± 1.31 µM). The results showed that foretinib inhibited the proliferation of GBM cells through a G2/M cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in association with alternation in expression of the related genes and protein-regulated G2/M phase and apoptosis. Foretinib diminished GBM cell invasion through downregulation of the proteolytic cascade of MMP2, uPA and uPAR and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes. A different GBM cell sensitivity pattern was noticeable in all experiments which demonstrated T98G as a sensitive and U87MG as a resistant phenotype to foretinib treatment. CONCLUSION The results indicated that foretinib might have the therapeutic potential against human GBM which deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges K Gortany
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of I.R. Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghodratollah Panahi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homanaz Ghafari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shekari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of I.R. Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.
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Li C, Zhou Y, Deng H, Ye Y, Zhao S, Liang S, Cai S, Lin J, Tang Y, Wu Y. Mining database for the therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers among STAT family in glioblastoma. Cancer Biomark 2021; 30:179-191. [PMID: 33104022 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-201746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor with a high mortality rate. Aberrant activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling results in tumor pathogenesis and progression by regulating cell cycle, cell survival and immune response. METHODS Therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers within the STAT family in GBM were explored using web applications and databases. RESULTS High levels of STAT1/3/5A/5B/6 and low levels of STAT4 were observed in GBM patients. GBM patients expressing high STAT1/2/3/5A/6 and low STAT4/5B levels had the worse overall survival. Among the STAT family, STAT4 and STAT6 were the most frequently mutated genes. A low to moderate correlation among members of the STAT family was observed. Additionally, the STATs were involved in activation or inhibition of cancer related pathways. Analysis of immune infiltrates showed STAT5A levels to be significantly correlated with abundance of immune cells and levels of immune gene biomarkers. Gene ontology (GO) functions and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that STAT5A is involved in immune response-regulating signaling pathway, neutrophil and lymphocyte mediated immunity, single-stranded DNA binding, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Moreover, several kinase and transcription factor targets of STAT5A in GBM were identified. CONCLUSION We report here therapeutic targets, prognostic biomarkers and regulation network of STAT family in GBM. These findings lay a foundation for further studies on the role of STAT family in therapy and prognosis of GBM. Further studies are required to verify our results.
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25
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Kalathil D, John S, Nair AS. FOXM1 and Cancer: Faulty Cellular Signaling Derails Homeostasis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:626836. [PMID: 33680951 PMCID: PMC7927600 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.626836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box transcription factor, FOXM1 is implicated in several cellular processes such as proliferation, cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, DNA damage repair, tissue homeostasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and redox signaling. In addition to being a boon for the normal functioning of a cell, FOXM1 turns out to be a bane by manifesting in several disease scenarios including cancer. It has been given an oncogenic status based on several evidences indicating its role in tumor development and progression. FOXM1 is highly expressed in several cancers and has also been implicated in poor prognosis. A comprehensive understanding of various aspects of this molecule has revealed its role in angiogenesis, invasion, migration, self- renewal and drug resistance. In this review, we attempt to understand various mechanisms underlying FOXM1 gene and protein regulation in cancer including the different signaling pathways, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications. Identifying crucial molecules associated with these processes can aid in the development of potential pharmacological approaches to curb FOXM1 mediated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Kalathil
- Cancer Research Program-4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Samu John
- Cancer Research Program-4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Asha S Nair
- Cancer Research Program-4, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India.,Research Centre, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Detarya M, Thaenkaew S, Seubwai W, Indramanee S, Phoomak C, Saengboonmee C, Wongkham S, Wongkham C. High glucose upregulates FOXM1 expression via EGFR/STAT3 dependent activation to promote progression of cholangiocarcinoma. Life Sci 2021; 271:119114. [PMID: 33513399 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Epidemiological studies indicate diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia as risk factors of cancers including cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). How high glucose promotes cancer development and progression, however, is still unrevealed. In this study, insight into the molecular pathway of high glucose promoting progression of CCA cells was investigated. MAIN METHODS Human CCA cell lines, KKU-213A and KKU-213B were cultured in normal glucose (NG; 5.56 mM) or high glucose (HG; 25 mM) and used as NG and HG cells. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) expression was transiently suppressed using siFOXM1. Western blotting and image analysis were employed to semi-quantitatively determine the expression levels of the specified proteins. The migration and invasion of CCA cells were revealed using Boyden chamber assays. KEY FINDINGS All HG cells exhibited higher expression of FOXM1 than the corresponding NG cells in a dose dependent manner. Suppression of FOXM1 expression by siFOXM1 significantly reduced migration and invasion abilities of CCA cells by suppression of Slug and MMP2 expression. Inhibition of STAT3 activation using Stattic, significantly suppressed expression of FOXM1 and Slug and decreased migration and invasion abilities of HG cells. In addition, EGFR expression was significantly higher in HG cells than NG cells and increased dependently with glucose concentration. Inhibition of EGFR activation by cetuximab significantly suppressed STAT3 activation and FOXM1 expression. SIGNIFICANCE The mechanism of high glucose promoting progression of CCA cells was revealed to be via in part by upregulation of FOXM1 expression under EGF/EGFR and STAT3 dependent activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marutpong Detarya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Salak Thaenkaew
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Basic-Related subject Department, Khon Kaen Vocational College, Khon Kaen 40000, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Somsiri Indramanee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Phoomak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Charupong Saengboonmee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chaisiri Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Ou A, Ott M, Fang D, Heimberger AB. The Role and Therapeutic Targeting of JAK/STAT Signaling in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:437. [PMID: 33498872 PMCID: PMC7865703 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains one of the deadliest and treatment-refractory human malignancies in large part due to its diffusely infiltrative nature, molecular heterogeneity, and capacity for immune escape. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway contributes substantively to a wide variety of protumorigenic functions, including proliferation, anti-apoptosis, angiogenesis, stem cell maintenance, and immune suppression. We review the current state of knowledge regarding the biological role of JAK/STAT signaling in glioblastoma, therapeutic strategies, and future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ou
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Martina Ott
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
| | - Dexing Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
| | - Amy B. Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.O.); (D.F.)
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Ali MY, Oliva CR, Noman ASM, Allen BG, Goswami PC, Zakharia Y, Monga V, Spitz DR, Buatti JM, Griguer CE. Radioresistance in Glioblastoma and the Development of Radiosensitizers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2511. [PMID: 32899427 PMCID: PMC7564557 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a common and effective therapeutic option for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). Unfortunately, some GBMs are relatively radioresistant and patients have worse outcomes after radiation treatment. The mechanisms underlying intrinsic radioresistance in GBM has been rigorously investigated over the past several years, but the complex interaction of the cellular molecules and signaling pathways involved in radioresistance remains incompletely defined. A clinically effective radiosensitizer that overcomes radioresistance has yet to be identified. In this review, we discuss the current status of radiation treatment in GBM, including advances in imaging techniques that have facilitated more accurate diagnosis, and the identified mechanisms of GBM radioresistance. In addition, we provide a summary of the candidate GBM radiosensitizers being investigated, including an update of subjects enrolled in clinical trials. Overall, this review highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms of GBM radioresistance to facilitate the development of effective radiosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousuf Ali
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Claudia R. Oliva
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Abu Shadat M. Noman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Bryan G. Allen
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Prabhat C. Goswami
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Yousef Zakharia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (Y.Z.); (V.M.)
| | - Varun Monga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (Y.Z.); (V.M.)
| | - Douglas R. Spitz
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - John M. Buatti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
| | - Corinne E. Griguer
- Free Radical & Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; (C.R.O.); (B.G.A.); (P.C.G.); (D.R.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;
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Li X, Fan W, Yao A, Song H, Ge Y, Yan M, Shan Y, Zhang C, Li P, Jia L. Downregulation of reelin predicts poor prognosis for glioma. Biomark Med 2020; 14:651-663. [PMID: 32613843 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2019-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: In the present study, we studied the relationship between RELN and prognosis in glioma. Materials & methods: Expression profiles and methylation data of RELN were obtained from bioinformatic datasets. Correlations between RELN and clinicopathological features and overall survival were respectively assessed using chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results: RELN was downregulated in glioma, and its downregulation correlated well with glioma malignancy and overall survival. Meanwhile, hypermethylation of RELN was significantly correlated with low RELN expression. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that low expression of RELN correlated with many key cancer pathways, possibly highlighting the importance of RELN in carcinogenesis of brain. Conclusion: RELN may serve as a potential prognostic marker and promising target molecule for new therapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Li
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Wange Fan
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Anhui Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, 988th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Huiling Song
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yunxiao Ge
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengyao Yan
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yubo Shan
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Chujie Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Liyun Jia
- Department of Medical Genetics & Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Black M, Arumugam P, Shukla S, Pradhan A, Ustiyan V, Milewski D, Kalinichenko VV, Kalin TV. FOXM1 nuclear transcription factor translocates into mitochondria and inhibits oxidative phosphorylation. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1411-1424. [PMID: 32348194 PMCID: PMC7353143 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-07-0413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), a nuclear transcription factor that activates cell cycle regulatory genes, is highly expressed in a majority of human cancers. The function of FOXM1 independent of nuclear transcription is unknown. In the present study, we found the FOXM1 protein inside the mitochondria. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we generated FOXM1 mutant proteins that localized to distinct cellular compartments, uncoupling the nuclear and mitochondrial functions of FOXM1. Directing FOXM1 into the mitochondria decreased mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, respiration, and electron transport chain (ETC) activity. In mitochondria, the FOXM1 directly bound to and increased the pentatricopeptide repeat domain 1 (PTCD1) protein, a mitochondrial leucine-specific tRNA binding protein that inhibits leucine-rich ETC complexes. Mitochondrial FOXM1 did not change cellular proliferation. Thus, FOXM1 translocates into mitochondria and inhibits mitochondrial respiration by increasing PTCD1. We identify a new paradigm that FOXM1 regulates mitochondrial homeostasis in a process independent of nuclear transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markaisa Black
- Perinatal Institute and Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology
| | - Paritha Arumugam
- Translational Pulmonary Science Center and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Samriddhi Shukla
- Perinatal Institute and Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology
| | - Arun Pradhan
- Perinatal Institute and Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Vladimir Ustiyan
- Perinatal Institute and Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - David Milewski
- Perinatal Institute and Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology
| | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Perinatal Institute and Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
| | - Tanya V. Kalin
- Perinatal Institute and Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267
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31
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Choudhary S, Burns SC, Mirsafian H, Li W, Vo DT, Qiao M, Lei X, Smith AD, Penalva LO. Genomic analyses of early responses to radiation inglioblastoma reveal new alterations at transcription,splicing, and translation levels. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8979. [PMID: 32488114 PMCID: PMC7265345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose radiation is the main component of glioblastoma therapy. Unfortunately, radio-resistance is a common problem and a major contributor to tumor relapse. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving response to radiation is critical for identifying regulatory routes that could be targeted to improve treatment response. We conducted an integrated analysis in the U251 and U343 glioblastoma cell lines to map early alterations in the expression of genes at three levels: transcription, splicing, and translation in response to ionizing radiation. Changes at the transcriptional level were the most prevalent response. Downregulated genes are strongly associated with cell cycle and DNA replication and linked to a coordinated module of expression. Alterations in this group are likely driven by decreased expression of the transcription factor FOXM1 and members of the E2F family. Genes involved in RNA regulatory mechanisms were affected at the mRNA, splicing, and translation levels, highlighting their importance in radiation-response. We identified a number of oncogenic factors, with an increased expression upon radiation exposure, including BCL6, RRM2B, IDO1, FTH1, APIP, and LRIG2 and lncRNAs NEAT1 and FTX. Several of these targets have been previously implicated in radio-resistance. Therefore, antagonizing their effects post-radiation could increase therapeutic efficacy. Our integrated analysis provides a comprehensive view of early response to radiation in glioblastoma. We identify new biological processes involved in altered expression of various oncogenic factors and suggest new target options to increase radiation sensitivity and prevent relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saket Choudhary
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Southern California, California, USA
| | - Suzanne C Burns
- Greheey Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hoda Mirsafian
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Southern California, California, USA
| | - Wenzheng Li
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Southern California, California, USA
| | - Dat T Vo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Texas, USA
| | - Mei Qiao
- Greheey Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xiufen Lei
- Greheey Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Southern California, California, USA
| | - Luiz O Penalva
- Greheey Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.
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32
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Montenegro-Miranda PS, van der Meer JH, Jones C, Meisner S, Vermeulen JL, Koster J, Wildenberg ME, Heijmans J, Boudreau F, Ribeiro A, van den Brink GR, Muncan V. A Novel Organoid Model of Damage and Repair Identifies HNF4α as a Critical Regulator of Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:209-223. [PMID: 32145468 PMCID: PMC7301200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recent evidence has suggested that the intact intestinal epithelial barrier protects our body from a range of immune-mediated diseases. The epithelial layer has an impressive ability to reconstitute and repair upon damage and this process of repair increasingly is seen as a therapeutic target. In vitro models to study this process in primary intestinal cells are lacking. METHODS We established and characterized an in vitro model of intestinal damage and repair by applying γ-radiation on small-intestinal organoids. We then used this model to identify novel regulators of intestinal regeneration. RESULTS We identified hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) as a pivotal upstream regulator of the intestinal regenerative response. Organoids lacking Hnf4a were not able to propagate in vitro. Importantly, intestinal Hnf4a knock-out mice showed impaired regeneration after whole-body irradiation, confirming intestinal organoids as a valuable alternative to in vivo studies. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we established and validated an in vitro damage-repair model and identified HNF4α as a crucial regulator of intestinal regeneration. Transcript profiling: GSE141515 and GSE141518.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S. Montenegro-Miranda
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan H.M. van der Meer
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Jones
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Sander Meisner
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline L.M. Vermeulen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manon E. Wildenberg
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jarom Heijmans
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francois Boudreau
- Département d'Anatomie et de Biologie Cellulaire/Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Pavillon de Recherche Appliquée sur le Cancer, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Agnes Ribeiro
- Cordeliers Research Center, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Gijs R. van den Brink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanesa Muncan
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Vanesa Muncan, PhD, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. fax: (31) 20-566-9190.
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Abstract
Introduction: FOXM1 is one of the most frequently overexpressed proteins in human solid cancers. Here, we discuss novel direct targets of FOXM1 as well as new pathways involving FOXM1, through which this protein exerts its oncogenic activity.Areas covered: We give a detailed review of FOXM1 transcriptional targets involved in 16 different types of human cancer as published in the literature in the last 5 years. We also discuss a novel positive feedback loop between FOXM1 and AKT - both well-established master regulators of cancer.Expert opinion: Despite the discovery of several FOXM1 inhibitors over the years (by our team and others), their therapeutic use is limited by their adverse off-target effects.Newly-discovered proteins regulated by FOXM1 present a promising alternative approach to target its pro-cancer activity. In addition, targeting regulating proteins that take part in the positive feedback loop between FOXM1/AKT has the double advantage of suppressing both, and can lead to developing novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Borhani
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrei L Gartel
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Ravi V, Madhankumar AB, Abraham T, Slagle-Webb B, Connor JR. Liposomal delivery of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) siRNA in patient xenograft derived glioblastoma initiating cells suggests different sensitivities to radiation and distinct survival mechanisms. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221952. [PMID: 31491006 PMCID: PMC6730865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of the iron regulatory protein, ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), is increasingly being associated with high tumor grade and poor survival outcomes in glioblastoma. Glioma initiating cells (GICs), a small population of stem-like cells implicated in therapeutic resistance and glioblastoma recurrence, have recently been shown to exhibit increased FTH1 expression. We previously demonstrated that FTH1 knockdown enhanced therapeutic sensitivity in an astrocytoma cell line. Therefore, in this study we developed a liposomal formulation to enable the in vitro delivery of FTH1 siRNA in patient xenograft derived GICs from glioblastomas with pro-neural and mesenchymal transcriptional signatures to interrogate the effect of FTH1 downregulation on their radiation sensitivity. Transfection with siRNA decreased FTH1 expression significantly in both GICs. However, there were inherent differences in transfectability between pro-neural and mesenchymal tumor derived GICs, leading us to modify siRNA: liposome ratios for comparable transfection. Moreover, loss of FTH1 expression resulted in increased extracellular lactate dehydrogenase activity, executioner caspase 3/7 induction, substantial mitochondrial damage, diminished mitochondrial mass and reduced cell viability. However, only GICs from pro-neural glioblastoma showed marked increase in radiosensitivity upon FTH1 downregulation demonstrated by decreased cell viability, impaired DNA repair and reduced colony formation subsequent to radiation. In addition, the stemness marker Nestin was downregulated upon FTH1 silencing only in GICs of pro-neural but not mesenchymal origin. Using liposomes as a siRNA delivery system, we established FTH1 as a critical factor for survival in both GIC subtypes as well as a regulator of radioresistance and stemness in pro-neural tumor derived GICs. Our study provides further evidence to support the role of FTH1 as a promising target in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagisha Ravi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Becky Slagle-Webb
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James R. Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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35
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The Role of Forkhead Box Proteins in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060865. [PMID: 31234353 PMCID: PMC6627614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) proteins are a group of transcriptional factors implicated in different cellular functions such as differentiation, proliferation and senescence. A growing number of studies have focused on the relationship between FOX proteins and cancers, particularly hematological neoplasms such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). FOX proteins are widely involved in AML biology, including leukemogenesis, relapse and drug sensitivity. Here we explore the role of FOX transcription factors in the major AML entities, according to "The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia", and in the context of the most recurrent gene mutations identified in this heterogeneous disease. Moreover, we report the new evidences about the role of FOX proteins in drug sensitivity, mechanisms of chemoresistance, and possible targeting for personalized therapies.
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36
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The STAT3/Slug Axis Enhances Radiation-Induced Tumor Invasion and Cancer Stem-like Properties in Radioresistant Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10120512. [PMID: 30551687 PMCID: PMC6315497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10120512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) requires radiotherapy (RT) as a part of definitive management strategy. RT is highly effective, destroying cancer cells that may exist around the surgical tumor bed. However, GBM still has a poor prognosis and a high local recurrence rate after RT. Accumulating research indicates that GBM contains cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which are radioresistant and result in therapeutic failure. Additionally, GBM cells can aggressively invade normal brain tissue, inducing therapeutic failure. Using clinical observations, we evaluated the effect of radiation on tumor control. We also explored the biomolecular pathways that connect radioresistance and CSC- and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated phenotypes in patient-derived GBM cells. Transwell and microarray assay demonstrated that radioresistant GBM cells (GBM-R2I2) exhibit increased invasion and self-renewal abilities compared with parental GBM cells. Finally, to identify potential mechanisms underlying these observations, we used a PCR array to search for molecular markers of cell motility. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) directly bound to the Slug promoter in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Reduced STAT3 decreased Slug expression and suppressed cell invasion in GBM-R2I2 cells while increasing Slug reversed these effects. In addition, STAT3 knockdown significantly inhibited CSC properties, synergistically increased the radiotherapeutic effect, and effectively increased the survival rate in vivo. We deciphered a new pathway of GBM radioresistance, invasion, and recurrence via the STAT3/Slug axis that could be a new target of GBM therapy.
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Noch EK, Ramakrishna R, Magge R. Challenges in the Treatment of Glioblastoma: Multisystem Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance. World Neurosurg 2018; 116:505-517. [PMID: 30049045 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most lethal human cancers, with poor survival despite surgery, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy. Advances in the treatment of this type of brain tumor are limited because of several resistance mechanisms. Such mechanisms involve limited drug entry into the central nervous system compartment by the blood-brain barrier and by actions of the normal brain to counteract tumor-targeting medications. In addition, the vast heterogeneity in glioblastoma contributes to significant therapeutic resistance by preventing adequate control of the entire tumor mass by a single drug and by facilitating escape mechanisms from targeted agents. The stem cell-like characteristics of glioblastoma promote resistance to chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy through upregulation of efflux transporters, promotion of glioblastoma stem cell proliferation in neurogenic zones, and immune suppression, respectively. Metabolic cascades in glioblastoma prevent effective treatments through the optimization of glucose use, the use of alternative nutrient precursors for energy production, and the induction of hypoxia to enhance tumor growth. In the era of precision medicine, an assortment of molecular techniques is being developed to target an individual's unique tumor, with the hope that this personalized strategy will bypass therapeutic resistance. Although each resistance mechanism presents an array of challenges to effective treatment of glioblastoma, as the field recognizes and addresses these difficulties, future treatments may have more efficacy and promise for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan K Noch
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rohan Ramakrishna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Rajiv Magge
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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38
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Lee VS, McRobb LS, Moutrie V, Santos ED, Siu TL. Effects of FOXM1 inhibition and ionizing radiation on melanoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6822-6830. [PMID: 30405826 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma can be highly refractory to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy but combinatorial-targeted therapeutics are showing greater promise on improving treatment efficacy. Previous studies have shown that knockdown of Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) can sensitize various tumor types to radiation-induced cell death. The effect of combining radiation with a small molecule FOXM1 inhibitor, Siomycin A, on growth, death and migration of a metastatic melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28) that overexpresses this pleiotropic cell cycle regulator was investigated. Siomycin A (SIOA) was found to be a strong inducer of apoptosis, and inhibitor of proliferation and migration in a scratch wound assay in this cell line. Induction of apoptosis occurred at concentrations >1 µM in association with reductions in the constitutive FOXM1 and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 protein levels found in these cells. Single doses of ionizing radiation (0-40 Gy) delivered by linear accelerator caused inhibition of growth and migration without significant induction of cell death. Pretreatment with SIOA did not increase the sensitivity of this melanoma cell line to radiation as observed in other tumor types. These data confirm that as a single agent, SIOA is an effective inducer of cell death and inhibitor of migration in metastatic melanoma cells expressing constitutive FOXM1. In combination with radiation, SIOA pre-treatment, however, may not be of added benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne S Lee
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Lucinda S McRobb
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Vaughan Moutrie
- Genesis Cancer Care, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Estavam D Santos
- Genesis Cancer Care, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Timothy L Siu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
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39
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Shen L, Ke Q, Chai J, Zhang C, Qiu L, Peng F, Deng X, Luo Z. PAG1 promotes the inherent radioresistance of laryngeal cancer cells via activation of STAT3. Exp Cell Res 2018; 370:127-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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40
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Gouazé-Andersson V, Ghérardi MJ, Lemarié A, Gilhodes J, Lubrano V, Arnauduc F, Cohen-Jonathan Moyal E, Toulas C. FGFR1/FOXM1 pathway: a key regulator of glioblastoma stem cells radioresistance and a prognosis biomarker. Oncotarget 2018; 9:31637-31649. [PMID: 30167084 PMCID: PMC6114977 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma are known to be aggressive and therapy-resistant tumors, due to the presence of glioblastoma stem cells inside this heterogeneous tumor. We investigate here the involvement of FGFR1 in glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLC) radioresistance mechanisms. We first demonstrated that the survival after irradiation was significantly diminished in FGFR1-silenced (FGFR1-) GSLC compared to control GSLC. The transcriptome analysis of GSLCs FGFR1(-) showed that FOX family members are differentially regulated by FGFR1 inhibition, particularly with an upregulation of FOXN3 and a downregulation of FOXM1. GSLC survival after irradiation was significantly increased after FOXN3 silencing and decreased after FOXM1 inhibition, showing opposite effects of FGFR1/FOX family members on cell response to ionizing radiation. Silencing FGFR1 or FOXM1 downregulated genes involved in mesenchymal transition such as GLI2, TWIST1, and ZEB1 in glioblastoma stem-like cells. It also dramatically reduced GSLC migration. Databases analysis confirmed that the combined expression of FGFR1/FOXM1/MELK/GLI2/ZEB1/TWIST1 is significantly associated with patients overall survival after chemo-radiotherapy treatment. All these results, associated with our previous conduced ones with differentiated cells, clearly established that FGFR1-FOXM1 dependent glioblastoma stem-like cells radioresistance pathway is a central actor of GBM treatment resistance and a key target to inhibit in the aim to increase the sensitivity of GBM to the radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Gouazé-Andersson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, F-31000, France
| | - Marie-Julie Ghérardi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, F-31000, France
| | - Anthony Lemarié
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, F-31000, France
| | - Julia Gilhodes
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-O, Toulouse, F-31059, France
| | - Vincent Lubrano
- CHU PURPAN-Pavillon Baudot, Place du Dr Baylac, Toulouse-Cedex 3, 31024, France
| | - Florent Arnauduc
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, F-31000, France
| | - Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, F-31000, France.,Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-O, Toulouse, F-31059, France
| | - Christine Toulas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1037/Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, F-31000, France.,Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-O, Toulouse, F-31059, France
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41
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Cui X, Xu J, Ji Y, Song X, Wang J, Zhang L, Yang S, Ye Y. Effects of forkhead box protein M1 on trophoblast invasion and its role in preeclampsia development. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:197-203. [PMID: 29896240 PMCID: PMC5995065 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression of the forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) in the placenta of patients with preeclampsia, and its effect on trophoblasts. A total of 28 patients with preeclampsia and 30 patients without preeclampsia (controls) who underwent cesarean section and were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between June 2013 and September 2016 were enrolled in the present study. The expression of FOXM1 in placental tissues was examined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. HTR8/SVneo cells were used to measure the in vitro expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The results demonstrated that FOXM1 expression was downregulated in the placental tissues of patient with preeclampsia (P<0.05). Following the silencing of FOXM1 expression, the proliferation of HTR8/SVneo cells was suppressed. The results of flow cytometry demonstrated that proportion of HTR8/SVneo cells in the G0/G1 phase and the proportion of apoptotic cells increased. The expression of the apoptosis regulator BCL-2, as well as the expression of VEGF mRNA and protein expression were also downregulated following FOXM1 silencing. FOXM1 may therefore promote the development of preeclampsia via the VEGF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuena Cui
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Jin'e Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yuzhi Ji
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhong Song
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Junhuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Shengmei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Yuanhua Ye
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
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42
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Doan NB, Nguyen HS, Alhajala HS, Jaber B, Al-Gizawiy MM, Ahn EYE, Mueller WM, Chitambar CR, Mirza SP, Schmainda KM. Identification of radiation responsive genes and transcriptome profiling via complete RNA sequencing in a stable radioresistant U87 glioblastoma model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23532-23542. [PMID: 29805753 PMCID: PMC5955095 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of major progress in the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) is partly attributable to our poor understanding of both GBM tumor biology and the acquirement of treatment resistance in recurrent GBMs. Recurrent GBMs are characterized by their resistance to radiation. In this study, we used an established stable U87 radioresistant GBM model and total RNA sequencing to shed light on global mRNA expression changes following irradiation. We identified many genes, the expressions of which were altered in our radioresistant GBM model, that have never before been reported to be associated with the development of radioresistant GBM and should be concertedly further investigated to understand their roles in radioresistance. These genes were enriched in various biological processes such as inflammatory response, cell migration, positive regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, apoptosis, positive regulation of T-cell migration, positive regulation of macrophage chemotaxis, T-cell antigen processing and presentation, and microglial cell activation involved in immune response genes. These findings furnish crucial information for elucidating the molecular mechanisms associated with radioresistance in GBM. Therapeutically, with the global alterations of multiple biological pathways observed in irradiated GBM cells, an effective GBM therapy may require a cocktail carrying multiple agents targeting multiple implicated pathways in order to have a chance at making a substantial impact on improving the overall GBM survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninh B Doan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ha S Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hisham S Alhajala
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Basem Jaber
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Mona M Al-Gizawiy
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Wade M Mueller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Christopher R Chitambar
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Shama P Mirza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kathleen M Schmainda
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.,Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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43
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Xiu G, Sui X, Wang Y, Zhang Z. FOXM1 regulates radiosensitivity of lung cancer cell partly by upregulating KIF20A. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:79-85. [PMID: 29704495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1), an important regulator of tumorigenesis in various human tumors, has recently been reported to play a role in the modulation of radiosensitivity in glioma and breast cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of FOXM1 on radiotherapy resistance in human lung cancer and to explore the related molecular mechanisms. The results revealed that FOXM1 expression was upregulated in A549 and H1299 cells after IR (Ionizing radiation). FOXM1 inhibition impeded survival fractions, impeded proliferation, and triggered apoptosis after IR. Moreover, the silencing of FOXM1 dampened cell migration, invasion, and EMT (epithelial-mesenchyman transition) in A549 and H1299 cells treated by IR. In addition, KIF20A was also highly expressed in IR-treated A549 cells and downregulated by FOXM1 inhibition. Knockdown of KIF20A inhibited the survival fraction. Reintroduction of KIF20A partly reversed the effects of FOXM1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis of A549 cells. Taken together, these results indicated that FOXM1 might enhance radioresistance partly through the induction of KIF20A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Xiu
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China.
| | - Xiujie Sui
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- No.1 Radiotherapy Department, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai City, China
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44
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Piccolella S, Crescente G, Nocera P, Pacifico F, Manti L, Pacifico S. Ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction, LC-MS/MS analysis and radiomodulating capability of autochthonous Italian sweet cherry fruits. Food Funct 2018. [PMID: 29517778 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01977g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current cancer treatment scenario lacks drugs acting as both radiosensitizer and radioprotector agents. In this context, the radiomodulatory properties exerted by an aqueous extract from the fruits of the Italian Prunus avium cv. Della Recca (PaDRw) were investigated. The extract, obtained through an environmentally-friendly ultrasound-assisted extraction, seemed to act as a radioprotector at lower tested doses (25 and 50 μg mL-1) and a radiosensitizer at 400 and 500 μg mL-1 dose levels towards the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line, irradiated with four graded X-ray doses (0, 0.5, 2, and 4 Gy). The fractionation of PaDRw by Amberlite XAD-4 non-ionic polymeric resin, coupled to LC-UV-MS/MS techniques, proved to be efficient also in the disclosure of lower constituents. About 63% of the whole PaDRw extract was constituted of hexitol, followed by fructose (∼22.8%) and glucose (∼10.7%). Chlorogenic acids and flavonoids, which accounted only for ∼2.2%, were hypothesized to be the main actors in PaDRw-induced radiomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Piccolella
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Crescente
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Paola Nocera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cinthia, 26, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacifico
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Manti
- Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia, I-80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Severina Pacifico
- Department of Environmental Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, I-81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Li T, Ma J, Han X, Jia Y, Yuan H, Shui S, Guo D. MicroRNA-320 Enhances Radiosensitivity of Glioma Through Down-Regulation of Sirtuin Type 1 by Directly Targeting Forkhead Box Protein M1. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:205-212. [PMID: 29331678 PMCID: PMC5772006 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common cancer in human brain system and seriously threatens human health. miRNA-320 has been demonstrated to be closely correlated with the development of glioma. However, its effect and molecular mechanism underlying radioresistance have not been fully elucidated in glioma. Here, RT-qPCR assay was used to assess the expressions of miR-320 and forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1) mRNA in glioma tumor tissues and cells. The effects of miR-320, FoxM1 and sirtuin type 1 (Sirt1) on radiosensitivity in glioma cells were evaluated by clone formation assay, apoptosis assay, histone H2AX phosphorylation level (γH2AX) detection and caspase 3 activity analysis, respectively. The direct interaction between miR-320 and FoxM1 was detected by luciferase assay. The protein levels of FoxM1, Sirt1 and γH2AX were measured by western blot assay. We found that miR-320 expression was down-regulated and FoxM1 expression was up-regulated in radioresistant glioma tissues and IR-treated glioma cells. miR-320 overexpression dramatically enhanced radiosensitivity, promoted apoptosis, and improved γH2AX expression and caspase 3 activity in glioma cells. Luciferase reporter assay and western blot assay further validated that miR-320 suppressed FoxM1 expression by directly targeting 3' UTR region of FoxM1. Moreover, miR-320 inhibited Sirt1 expression via targeting FoxM1 in glioma cells. Furthermore, overexpression of FoxM1 and Sirt1 strikingly attenuated miR-320-induced increase of radiosensitivity, apoptosis and γH2AX expression in glioma cells. In conclusion, miR-320 enhanced radiosensitivity of glioma cells through down-regulation of Sirt1 by directly targeting FoxM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Ji Ma
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China.
| | - Yongxu Jia
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Huifeng Yuan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Shaofeng Shui
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China; Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, PR China
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Ma Q, Liu Y, Shang L, Yu J, Qu Q. The FOXM1/BUB1B signaling pathway is essential for the tumorigenicity and radioresistance of glioblastoma. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3367-3375. [PMID: 29039578 PMCID: PMC5783581 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase B (BUB1B) plays a critical role in multiple types of cancer. However, the biological function and molecular regulatory mechanism of BUB1B in glioblastoma (GBM) remain unclear. In the present study, we identified that BUB1B expression was enriched in GBM tumors and was functionally required for tumor proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Clinically, BUB1B expression was associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients and BUB1B-dependent radioresistance in GBM was decreased by targeting BUB1B via shRNAs. Mechanistically, forkhead box protein M1 (FOXM1) transcriptionally regulated BUB1B expression by binding to and then activating the BUB1B promoter. Therapeutically, we found that FOXM1 inhibitor attenuated tumorigenesis and radioresistance of GBM both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, BUB1B promotes tumor proliferation and induces radioresistance in GBM, indicating that BUB1B could be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- The Department of West Yard Ward 2 (Geriatrics), Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Liang Shang
- The Department of West Yard Ward 2 (Geriatrics), Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Yu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Internal Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Rajesh Y, Biswas A, Mandal M. Glioma progression through the prism of heat shock protein mediated extracellular matrix remodeling and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Exp Cell Res 2017; 359:299-311. [PMID: 28844885 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glial tumor is one of the intrinsic brain tumors with high migratory and infiltrative potential. This essentially contributes to the overall poor prognosis by circumvention of conventional treatment regimen in glioma. The underlying mechanism in gliomagenesis is bestowed by two processes- Extracellular matrix (ECM) Remodeling and Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Heat Shock Family of proteins (HSPs), commonly known as "molecular chaperons" are documented to be upregulated in glioma. A positive correlation also exists between elevated expression of HSPs and invasive capacity of glial tumor. HSPs overexpression leads to mutational changes in glioma, which ultimately drive cells towards EMT, ECM modification, malignancy and invasion. Differential expression of HSPs - a factor providing cytoprotection to glioma cells, also contributes towards its radioresistance /chemoresistance. Various evidences also display upregulation of EMT and ECM markers by various heat shock inducing proteins e.g. HSF-1. The aim of this review is to study in detail the role of HSPs in EMT and ECM leading to radioresistance/chemoresistance of glioma cells. The existing treatment regimen for glioma could be enhanced by targeting HSPs through immunotherapy, miRNA and exosome mediated strategies. This could be envisaged by better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying glial tumorigenesis in relation to EMT and ECM remodeling under HSPs influence. Our review might showcase fresh potential for the development of next generation therapeutics for effective glioma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Rajesh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Angana Biswas
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Zielonka J, Sikora A, Hardy M, Ouari O, Vasquez-Vivar J, Cheng G, Lopez M, Kalyanaraman B. Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium-Based Compounds: Syntheses, Mechanisms of Action, and Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10043-10120. [PMID: 28654243 PMCID: PMC5611849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 951] [Impact Index Per Article: 135.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are recognized as one of the most important targets for new drug design in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Currently, the most effective way to deliver drugs specifically to mitochondria is by covalent linking a lipophilic cation such as an alkyltriphenylphosphonium moiety to a pharmacophore of interest. Other delocalized lipophilic cations, such as rhodamine, natural and synthetic mitochondria-targeting peptides, and nanoparticle vehicles, have also been used for mitochondrial delivery of small molecules. Depending on the approach used, and the cell and mitochondrial membrane potentials, more than 1000-fold higher mitochondrial concentration can be achieved. Mitochondrial targeting has been developed to study mitochondrial physiology and dysfunction and the interaction between mitochondria and other subcellular organelles and for treatment of a variety of diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. In this Review, we discuss efforts to target small-molecule compounds to mitochondria for probing mitochondria function, as diagnostic tools and potential therapeutics. We describe the physicochemical basis for mitochondrial accumulation of lipophilic cations, synthetic chemistry strategies to target compounds to mitochondria, mitochondrial probes, and sensors, and examples of mitochondrial targeting of bioactive compounds. Finally, we review published attempts to apply mitochondria-targeted agents for the treatment of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Adam Sikora
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jeannette Vasquez-Vivar
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biotechnology Laboratories, Cardiovascular Foundation of Colombia, Carrera 5a No. 6-33, Floridablanca, Santander, Colombia, 681003
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Calle 4B No. 36-00, Cali, Colombia, 760032
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
- Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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Akt/FoxM1 signaling pathway-mediated upregulation of MYBL2 promotes progression of human glioma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:105. [PMID: 28784180 PMCID: PMC5547476 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background MYB-related protein B (B-MYB/MYBL2), a member of the myeloblastosis family of transcription factors, has been reported for its role in the genesis and progression of tumors. Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1), another transcriptional factor, is considered to be an independent predictor of poor survival in many solid cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical significance of the correlation between MYBL2 and FoxM1 in glioma and the possible mechanism of FoxM1and MYBL2 expression. Methods MYBL2 and FoxM1expression in cancerous tissues and cell lines were determined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunostaining. The co-expression of MYBL2 and FoxM1 was analyzed in low-grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (HGG) cohorts of TCGA using cBioportal and UCSC Xena. And, the role of MYBL2 and FoxM1 in glioma cell progression and the underlying mechanisms were studied by using small interfering RNA (si-RNA) and pcDNA3.1 + HAvectors. Furthermore, the effects of MYBL2 and FoxM1 in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and adhesion were determined by cell proliferation assays, flow cytometry analysis, transwell migration and cell adhesion assay. Results MYBL2 and FoxM1 expression are significantly associated with clinical stages and overall survival of glioma patients. In cohorts of TCGA, patients with high MYBL2 but without radio-chemotherapy had the highest hazard ratio (adjusted HR = 5.29, 95% CI = 1.475–18.969, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, MYBL2 closely related to the FoxM1 expression in 79 glioma tissues (r = 0.742, p < 0.05) and LGG (r = 0.83) and HGG (r = 0.74) cohorts of TCGA. Down regulation of FoxM1 and MYBL2 by siRNAs induced the cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and EMT of glioma cells. Furthermore, inactivations of Akt/FoxM1 signaling by Akt inhibitor and siRNA-FoxM1 reduce the expression of MYBL2 in glioma cells. Conclusions MYBL2 is a key downstream factor of Akt/FoxM1 signaling to promote progression of human glioma, and could be a new candidate gene for molecular targeting therapy and biomarker for radiotherapy of glioma. Trial registration CTXY-1300041-3-2. ChiCTR-COC-15006186. Registered date: 13 September 2013. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0573-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bao Z, Xu X, Liu Y, Chao H, Lin C, Li Z, You Y, Liu N, Ji J. CBX7 negatively regulates migration and invasion in glioma via Wnt/β-catenin pathway inactivation. Oncotarget 2017; 8:39048-39063. [PMID: 28388562 PMCID: PMC5503594 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
CBX7, a member of the Polycomb-group proteins, plays a significant role in normal and cancerous tissues and has been defined as a tumor suppressor in thyroid, breast and pancreatic cancers. However, its function in glioma remains undefined. CBX7 expression is decreased in glioma, especially in higher grade cases, according to data in the CGGA, GSE16001 and TCGA databases. Further experimental evidence has shown that exogenous CBX7 overexpression induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and migration of glioma cells. In this study, we show that the invasive ability of glioma cells was decreased following CBX7 overexpression and CBX7 overexpression was associated with Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition, which also decreased downstream expression of ZEB1, a core epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition factor. This reduction in Wnt signaling is controlled by DKK1, a specific Wnt/β-catenin inhibitor. CBX7 enhances DKK1 expression by binding the DKK1 promoter, as shown in Luciferase reporter assays. Our data confirm that CBX7 inhibits EMT and invasion in glioma, which is manifested by influencing the expression of MMP2, MMP9, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin in LN229, T98G cells and primary glioma cells (PGC). Furthermore, as a tumor suppressor, CBX7 expression is pivotal to reduce tumor invasion and evaluate prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiupeng Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinlong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honglu Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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