1
|
Khosrowabadi E, Mignon-Ravix C, Riccardi F, Cacciagli P, Desnous B, Sigaudy S, Milh M, Villard L, Kjellén L, Molinari F. Loss of NDST1 N-sulfotransferase activity is associated with autosomal recessive intellectual disability. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:520-529. [PMID: 38129107 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Intellectual Disability (ID) is the major cause of handicap, affecting nearly 3% of the general population, and is highly genetically heterogenous with more than a thousand genes involved. Exome sequencing performed in two independent families identified the same missense variant, p.(Gly611Ser), in the NDST1 (N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase member 1) gene. This variant had been previously found in ID patients of two other families but has never been functionally characterized. The NDST1 gene encodes a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes both N-deacetylation and N-sulfation of N-acetyl-glucosamine residues during heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis. This step is essential because it influences the downstream enzymatic modifications and thereby determines the overall structure and sulfation degree of the HS polysaccharide chain. To discriminate between a rare polymorphism and a pathogenic variant, we compared the enzymatic properties of wild-type and mutant NDST1 proteins. We found that the p.(Gly611Ser) variant results in a complete loss of N-sulfotransferase activity while the N-deacetylase activity is retained. NDST1 shows the highest and the most homogeneous expression in the human cerebral structures compared to the other members of the NDST gene family. These results indicate that a loss of NDST1 N-sulfation activity is associated with impaired cognitive functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Khosrowabadi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cécile Mignon-Ravix
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Florence Riccardi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Ste Musse, 54 Rue Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, 83100 Toulon, France
| | - Pierre Cacciagli
- Biological Resource Center, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Béatrice Desnous
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, AP-HM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Sabine Sigaudy
- Service de Génétique Clinique, AP-HM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Mathieu Milh
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
- Service de Neuropédiatrie, AP-HM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Laurent Villard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
- Département de Génétique Médicale, AP-HM, Hôpital Timone Enfants, 264 rue Saint Pierre, 13385 Marseille cedex 05, France
| | - Lena Kjellén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Husargatan 3, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Florence Molinari
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, Centre de génétique médicale de Marseille, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Menevse AN, Ammer LM, Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Kupczyk M, Lorenz J, Weidner L, Hussein A, Sax J, Mühlbauer J, Heuschneider N, Rohrmus C, Mai LS, Jachnik B, Stamova S, Volpin V, Durst FC, Sorrentino A, Xydia M, Milenkovic VM, Bader S, Braun FK, Wetzel C, Albert NL, Tonn JC, Bartenstein P, Proescholdt M, Schmidt NO, Linker RA, Riemenschneider MJ, Beckhove P, Hau P. TSPO acts as an immune resistance gene involved in the T cell mediated immune control of glioblastoma. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:75. [PMID: 37158962 PMCID: PMC10165826 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) IDH-wildtype is the most malignant primary brain tumor. It is particularly resistant to current immunotherapies. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is upregulated in GB and correlates with malignancy and poor prognosis, but also with increased immune infiltration. Here, we studied the role of TSPO in the regulation of immune resistance of human GB cells. The role of TSPO in tumor immune resistance was experimentally determined in primary brain tumor initiating cells (BTICs) and cell lines through genetic manipulation of TSPO expression and subsequent cocultures with antigen specific cytotoxic T cells and autologous tumor-infiltrating T cells. Death inducing intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways affected by TSPO were investigated. TSPO-regulated genes mediating apoptosis resistance in BTICs were identified through gene expression analysis and subsequent functional analyses. TSPO transcription in primary GB cells correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration, cytotoxic activity of T cell infiltrate, expression of TNFR and IFNGR and with the activity of their downstream signalling pathways, as well as with the expression of TRAIL receptors. Coculture of BTICs with tumor reactive cytotoxic T cells or with T cell-derived factors induced TSPO up-regulation through T cell derived TNFα and IFNγ. Silencing of TSPO sensitized BTICs against T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. TSPO selectively protected BTICs against TRAIL-induced apoptosis by regulating apoptosis pathways. TSPO also regulated the expression of multiple genes associated with resistance against apoptosis. We conclude that TSPO expression in GB is induced through T cell-derived cytokines TNFα and IFNγ and that TSPO expression protects GB cells against cytotoxic T cell attack through TRAIL. Our data thereby provide an indication that therapeutic targeting of TSPO may be a suitable approach to sensitize GB to immune cell-mediated cytotoxicity by circumventing tumor intrinsic TRAIL resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse N Menevse
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura-Marie Ammer
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arabel Vollmann-Zwerenz
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcell Kupczyk
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Lorenz
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lorraine Weidner
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Abir Hussein
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Sax
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mühlbauer
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Heuschneider
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Celine Rohrmus
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Laura S Mai
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Jachnik
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Slava Stamova
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Volpin
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska C Durst
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Antonio Sorrentino
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Xydia
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir M Milenkovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Molecular Neurosciences, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bader
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Molecular Neurosciences, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank K Braun
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Wetzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Molecular Neurosciences, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie L Albert
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Joerg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Munich, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Proescholdt
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nils O Schmidt
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralf A Linker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Philipp Beckhove
- Division of Interventional Immunology, Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- LIT - Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (former RCI), c/o Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Hau
- Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology -NeuroOncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Anderson RA, Oyarbide U. Neuronal expression of ndst3 in early zebrafish development is responsive to Wnt signaling manipulation. Gene Expr Patterns 2023; 47:119300. [PMID: 36503154 PMCID: PMC10006321 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2022.119300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are constituents of the cell surface and extracellular matrix and are vital for various activities within the cell. The N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparin glucosaminyl) family of enzymes, or NDST, modifies heparan sulfate (HS) by catalyzing both the N-deacetylation and the N-sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine residues. In zebrafish, a single ndst3 gene is an orthologue of both mammalian NDST3 and NDST4 genes. The role of ndst3 in zebrafish development has not been investigated and such study may provide insight into the role(s) of both mammalian orthologues. Here, we characterized expression of ndst3 during early development in zebrafish and found it to be predominately neuronal. We found that expression of ndst3 is sensitive to Wnt signaling manipulation, with stimulation of the Wnt pathway resulting in robust expansion of ndst3 expression domains. Finally, using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we mutagenized the ndst3 gene and isolated an allele, ndst3nu20, resulting in a frameshift and premature protein truncation. We discovered Ndst3 is not essential for zebrafish survival as ndst3nu20 homozygous mutants are viable and fertile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Usua Oyarbide
- Department of Pediatrics and Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine in the Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Regulation of stem cell fate by HSPGs: implication in hair follicle cycling. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:77. [PMID: 36577752 PMCID: PMC9797564 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are part of proteoglycan family. They are composed of heparan sulfate (HS)-type glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains covalently linked to a core protein. By interacting with growth factors and/or receptors, they regulate numerous pathways including Wnt, hedgehog (Hh), bone morphogenic protein (BMP) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways. They act as inhibitor or activator of these pathways to modulate embryonic and adult stem cell fate during organ morphogenesis, regeneration and homeostasis. This review summarizes the knowledge on HSPG structure and classification and explores several signaling pathways regulated by HSPGs in stem cell fate. A specific focus on hair follicle stem cell fate and the possibility to target HSPGs in order to tackle hair loss are discussed in more dermatological and cosmeceutical perspectives.
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu H, Cao C, Ren Y, Weng S, Liu L, Guo C, Wang L, Han X, Ren J, Liu Z. Antitumor effects of fecal microbiota transplantation: Implications for microbiome modulation in cancer treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:949490. [PMID: 36177041 PMCID: PMC9513044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.949490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors is one of the techniques for restoration of the dysbiotic gut, which is increasingly being used to treat various diseases. Notably, mounting evidence in recent years revealed that FMT has made a breakthrough in the oncology treatment area, especially by improving immunotherapy efficacy to achieve antitumor effects. However, the mechanism of FMT in enhancing antitumor effects of immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) has not yet been fully elucidated. This review systematically summarizes the role of microbes and their metabolites in the regulation of tumor immunity. We highlight the mechanism of action of FMT in the treatment of refractory tumors as well as in improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. Furthermore, we summarize ongoing clinical trials combining FMT with immunotherapy and further focus on refined protocols for the practice of FMT in cancer treatment, which could guide future directions and priorities of FMT scientific development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenxi Cao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Weng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Department of Endovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinwei Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwei Han, ; Jianzhuang Ren, ; Zaoqu Liu,
| | - Jianzhuang Ren
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwei Han, ; Jianzhuang Ren, ; Zaoqu Liu,
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Institute of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Interventional Treatment and Clinical Research Center of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xinwei Han, ; Jianzhuang Ren, ; Zaoqu Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rawat PS, Seyed Hameed AS, Meng X, Liu W. Utilization of glycosaminoglycans by the human gut microbiota: participating bacteria and their enzymatic machineries. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2068367. [PMID: 35482895 PMCID: PMC9067506 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2068367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are consistently present in the human colon in free forms and as part of proteoglycans. Their utilization is critical for the colonization and proliferation of gut bacteria and also the health of hosts. Hence, it is essential to determine the GAG-degrading members of the gut bacteria and their enzymatic machinery for GAG depolymerization. In this review, we have summarized the reported GAG utilizers from Bacteroides and presented their polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL) and related enzymatic machineries for the degradation of chondroitin and heparin/heparan sulfate. Although similar comprehensive knowledge of GAG degradation is not available for other gut phyla, we have specified recently isolated GAG degraders from gut Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and analyzed their genomes for the presence of putative GAG PULs. Deciphering the precise GAG utilization mechanism for various phyla will augment our understanding of their effects on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parkash Singh Rawat
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao266237, P. R. China
| | - Ahkam Saddam Seyed Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao266237, P. R. China
| | - Xiangfeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao266237, P. R. China,CONTACT Xiangfeng Meng State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao266237, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Microbial Technology Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Qingdao266237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Heparan Sulfate in Animal Models: Its Biosynthesis and Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041963. [PMID: 35216081 PMCID: PMC8876164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a type of glycosaminoglycan that plays a key role in a variety of biological functions in neurology, skeletal development, immunology, and tumor metastasis. Biosynthesis of HS is initiated by a link of xylose to Ser residue of HS proteoglycans, followed by the formation of a linker tetrasaccharide. Then, an extension reaction of HS disaccharide occurs through polymerization of many repetitive units consisting of iduronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine. Subsequently, several modification reactions take place to complete the maturation of HS. The sulfation positions of N-, 2-O-, 6-O-, and 3-O- are all mediated by specific enzymes that may have multiple isozymes. C5-epimerization is facilitated by the epimerase enzyme that converts glucuronic acid to iduronic acid. Once these enzymatic reactions have been completed, the desulfation reaction further modifies HS. Apart from HS biosynthesis, the degradation of HS is largely mediated by the lysosome, an intracellular organelle with acidic pH. Mucopolysaccharidosis is a genetic disorder characterized by an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in the body associated with neuronal, skeletal, and visceral disorders. Genetically modified animal models have significantly contributed to the understanding of the in vivo role of these enzymes. Their role and potential link to diseases are also discussed.
Collapse
|
8
|
Missaghian P, Dierker T, Khosrowabadi E, Axling F, Eriksson I, Ghanem A, Kusche-Gullberg M, Kellokumpu S, Kjellén L. OUP accepted manuscript. Glycobiology 2022; 32:518-528. [PMID: 35137078 PMCID: PMC9132247 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NDST1 (glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase) is a key enzyme in heparan sulfate (HS) biosynthesis, where it is responsible for HS N-deacetylation and N-sulfation. In addition to the full length human enzyme of 882 amino acids, here designated NDST1A, a shorter form containing 825 amino acids (NDST1B) is synthesized after alternative splicing of the NDST1 mRNA. NDST1B is mostly expressed at a low level, but increased amounts are seen in several types of cancer where it is associated with shorter survival. In this study, we aimed at characterizing the enzymatic properties of NDST1B and its effect on HS biosynthesis. Purified recombinant NDST1B lacked both N-deacetylase and N-sulfotransferase activities. Interestingly, HEK293 cells overexpressing NDST1B synthesized HS with reduced sulfation and altered domain structure. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer-microscopy demonstrated that both NDST1A and NDST1B had the capacity to interact with the HS copolymerase subunits EXT1 and EXT2 and also to form NDST1A/NDST1B dimers. Since lysates from cells overexpressing NDST1B contained less NDST enzyme activity than control cells, we suggest that NDST1B works in a dominant negative manner, tentatively by replacing the active endogenous NDST1 in the enzyme complexes taking part in biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Missaghian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tabea Dierker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elham Khosrowabadi
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Aapistie 7A, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Fredrik Axling
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inger Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abdurrahman Ghanem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Box 582, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sakari Kellokumpu
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Aapistie 7A, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Lena Kjellén
- Corresponding author: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Box 582, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nogueira-Rodrigues J, Leite SC, Pinto-Costa R, Sousa SC, Luz LL, Sintra MA, Oliveira R, Monteiro AC, Pinheiro GG, Vitorino M, Silva JA, Simão S, Fernandes VE, Provazník J, Benes V, Cruz CD, Safronov BV, Magalhães A, Reis CA, Vieira J, Vieira CP, Tiscórnia G, Araújo IM, Sousa MM. Rewired glycosylation activity promotes scarless regeneration and functional recovery in spiny mice after complete spinal cord transection. Dev Cell 2021; 57:440-450.e7. [PMID: 34986324 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) axons is abortive, resulting in inability to recover function after CNS lesion, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we show that the spiny mouse (Acomys) is an exception to other mammals, being capable of spontaneous and fast restoration of function after severe SCI, re-establishing hind limb coordination. Remarkably, Acomys assembles a scarless pro-regenerative tissue at the injury site, providing a unique structural continuity of the initial spinal cord geometry. The Acomys SCI site shows robust axon regeneration of multiple tracts, synapse formation, and electrophysiological signal propagation. Transcriptomic analysis of the spinal cord following transcriptome reconstruction revealed that Acomys rewires glycosylation biosynthetic pathways, culminating in a specific pro-regenerative proteoglycan signature at SCI site. Our work uncovers that a glycosylation switch is critical for axon regeneration after SCI and identifies β3gnt7, a crucial enzyme of keratan sulfate biosynthesis, as an enhancer of axon growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Nogueira-Rodrigues
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio C Leite
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Pinto-Costa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara C Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana L Luz
- Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria A Sintra
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Oliveira
- Translational NeuroUrology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London WC2R 2LS, London, UK
| | - Ana C Monteiro
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo G Pinheiro
- Molecular & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Marta Vitorino
- Molecular & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Joana A Silva
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Sónia Simão
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Vitor E Fernandes
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Jan Provazník
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Célia D Cruz
- Translational NeuroUrology Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Experimental Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Boris V Safronov
- Neuronal Networks Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Magalhães
- Glycobiology in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, IPATIMUP), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso A Reis
- Glycobiology in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, IPATIMUP), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Vieira
- Phenotypic Evolution Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P Vieira
- Phenotypic Evolution Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Tiscórnia
- Molecular & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Clinica Eugin, Research and Development, 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inês M Araújo
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mónica M Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Biosynthesis and Post Synthesis Mechanisms Combine Few Enzymes and Few Core Proteins to Generate Extensive Structural and Functional Diversity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184215. [PMID: 32937952 PMCID: PMC7570499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a common and widespread post-translational modification that affects a large majority of proteins. Of these, a small minority, about 20, are specifically modified by the addition of heparan sulfate, a linear polysaccharide from the glycosaminoglycan family. The resulting molecules, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, nevertheless play a fundamental role in most biological functions by interacting with a myriad of proteins. This large functional repertoire stems from the ubiquitous presence of these molecules within the tissue and a tremendous structural variety of the heparan sulfate chains, generated through both biosynthesis and post synthesis mechanisms. The present review focusses on how proteoglycans are “gagosylated” and acquire structural complexity through the concerted action of Golgi-localized biosynthesis enzymes and extracellular modifying enzymes. It examines, in particular, the possibility that these enzymes form complexes of different modes of organization, leading to the synthesis of various oligosaccharide sequences.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gulberti S, Mao X, Bui C, Fournel-Gigleux S. The role of heparan sulfate maturation in cancer: A focus on the 3O-sulfation and the enigmatic 3O-sulfotransferases (HS3STs). Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 62:68-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
12
|
Characterization of heparan sulfate N -deacetylase/ N -sulfotransferase isoform 4 using synthetic oligosaccharide substrates. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:547-556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
13
|
Oshima K, Haeger SM, Hippensteel JA, Herson PS, Schmidt EP. More than a biomarker: the systemic consequences of heparan sulfate fragments released during endothelial surface layer degradation (2017 Grover Conference Series). Pulm Circ 2017; 8:2045893217745786. [PMID: 29199903 PMCID: PMC5731723 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217745786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in tissue fixation and imaging techniques have yielded increasing appreciation for the glycosaminoglycan-rich endothelial glycocalyx and its in vivo manifestation, the endothelial surface layer (ESL). Pathological loss of the ESL during critical illness promotes local endothelial dysfunction and, consequently, organ injury. Glycosaminoglycan fragments, such as heparan sulfate, are released into the plasma of animals and humans after ESL degradation and have thus served as a biomarker of endothelial injury. The development of state-of-the-art glycomic techniques, however, has revealed that these circulating heparan sulfate fragments are capable of influencing growth factor and other signaling pathways distant to the site of ESL injury. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning the local (i.e. endothelial injury) and systemic (i.e. para- or endocrine) consequences of ESL degradation and identifies opportunities for future, novel investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Oshima
- 1 129263 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sarah M Haeger
- 1 129263 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Paco S Herson
- 2 129263 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric P Schmidt
- 1 129263 Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.,3 Department of Medicine, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Epigenetic Regulation of the Biosynthesis & Enzymatic Modification of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans: Implications for Tumorigenesis and Cancer Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071361. [PMID: 28672878 PMCID: PMC5535854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway for the synthesis of heparan sulfate moieties of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are epigenetically regulated at many levels. As the exact composition of the heparan sulfate portion of the resulting HSPG molecules is critical to the broad spectrum of biological processes involved in oncogenesis, the epigenetic regulation of heparan sulfate biosynthesis has far-reaching effects on many cellular activities related to cancer progression. Given the current focus on developing new anti-cancer therapeutics focused on epigenetic targets, it is important to understand the effects that these emerging therapeutics may have on the synthesis of HSPGs as alterations in HSPG composition may have profound and unanticipated effects. As an introduction, this review will briefly summarize the variety of important roles which HSPGs play in a wide-spectrum of cancer-related cellular and physiological functions and then describe the biosynthesis of the heparan sulfate chains of HSPGs, including how alterations observed in cancer cells serve as potential biomarkers. This review will then focus on detailing the multiple levels of epigenetic regulation of the enzymes in the heparan sulfate synthesis pathway with a particular focus on regulation by miRNA and effects of epigenetic therapies on HSPGs. We will also explore the use of lectins to detect differences in heparan sulfate composition and preview their potential diagnostic and prognostic use in the clinic.
Collapse
|