1
|
Fan M, Huang Y, Zhu X, Zheng J, Du M. Octreotide and Octreotide-derived delivery systems. J Drug Target 2023; 31:569-584. [PMID: 37211679 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2216895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical peptide Octreotide is a somatostatin analog with targeting and therapeutic abilities. Over the last decades, Octreotide has been developed and approved to treat acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumours, and Octreotide-based radioactive conjugates have been leveraged clinically to detect small neuroendocrine tumour sites. Meanwhile, variety of Octreotide-derived delivery strategies have been proposed and explored for tumour targeted therapeutics or diagnostics in preclinical or clinical settings. In this review, we especially focus on the preclinical development and applications of Octreotide-derived drug delivery systems, diagnostic nanosystems, therapeutic nanosystems and multifunctional nanosystems, we also briefly discuss challenges and prospects of these Octreotide-derived delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Fan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlin Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Zheng
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingwei Du
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan Z, Wang S, Xu C, Yang J, Cui B. Mechanisms of action of Fu Fang Gang Liu liquid in treating condyloma acuminatum by network pharmacology and experimental validation. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:128. [PMID: 37081536 PMCID: PMC10116837 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a sexually transmitted disease characterized by the anomalous proliferation of keratinocytes caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Fu Fang Gang Liu liquid (FFGL) is an effective externally administered prescription used to treat CA; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to identify and experimentally validate the major active ingredients and prospective targets of FFGL. METHODS Network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and enrichment analysis were used to identify the active ingredients and prospective targets of FFGL, which were confirmed through subsequent experimental validation using mass spectrometry, molecular docking, western blotting, and in vitro assays. RESULTS The network pharmacology analysis revealed that FFGL contains a total of 78 active compounds, which led to the screening of 610 compound-related targets. Among them, 59 overlapped with CA targets and were considered to be targets with potential therapeutic effects. The protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that protein kinase B (Akt) serine/threonine kinase 1 was a potential therapeutic target. To further confirm this result, we performed ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) assays on HPV 18+ cells after FFGL exposure and conducted enrichment analyses on the differentially expressed genes that were screened. The enrichment analysis results indicated that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway may be a key pathway through which FFGL exerts its effects. Further in vitro experiments revealed that FFGL significantly inhibited the activity of HPV 18+ cells and reduced PI3K and Akt protein levels. A rescue experiment indicated that the reduction in cell viability induced by FFGL was partially restored after the administration of activators of the PI3K/Akt pathway. We further screened two active components of FFCL that may be efficacious in the treatment of CA: periplogenin and periplocymarin. The molecular docking experiments showed that these two compounds exhibited good binding activity to Akt1. CONCLUSION FFGL reduced HPV 18+ cell viability by inhibiting key proteins in the PI3K/Akt pathway; this pathway may represent an essential mechanism through which FFGL treats CA. Periplogenin and periplocymarin may play a significant role in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Fan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenchen Xu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingnan Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hao Y, Song T, Wang M, Li T, Zhao C, Li T, Hou Y, He H. Dual targets of lethal apoptosis and protective autophagy in liver cancer with periplocymarin elicit a limited therapeutic effect. Int J Oncol 2023; 62:44. [PMID: 36825592 PMCID: PMC9946806 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are candidate anticancer agents that function by increasing [Ca2+]i to induce apoptotic cell death in several types of cancer cells. However, new findings have shown that the anti‑cancer effects of CGs involve complex cell‑signal transduction mechanisms. Hence, exploring the potential mechanisms of action of CGs may provide insight into their anti‑cancer effects and thus aid in the selection of the appropriate CG. Periplocymarin (PPM), which is a cardiac glycoside, is an active ingredient extracted from Cortex periplocae. The role of PPM was evaluated in HepG2 cells and xenografted nude mice. Cell proliferation, real‑time ATP rate assays, western blotting, cell apoptosis assays, short interfering RNA transfection, the patch clamp technique, electron microscopy, JC‑1 staining, immunofluorescence staining and autophagic flux assays were performed to evaluate the function and regulatory mechanisms of PPM in vitro. The in vivo activity of the PPM was assessed using a mouse xenograft model. The present study demonstrated that PPM synchronously activated lethal apoptosis and protective autophagy in liver cancer, and the initiation of autophagy counteracted the inherent pro‑apoptotic capacity and impaired the anti‑cancer effects. Specifically, PPM exerted a pro‑-apoptotic effect in HepG2 cells and activated macroautophagy by initiation of the AMPK/ULK1 and mTOR signaling pathways. Activation of macroautophagy counteracted the pro‑apoptotic effects of PPM, but when it was combined with an autophagy inhibitor, the anti‑cancer effects of PPM in mice bearing HepG2 xenografts were observed. Collectively, these results indicated that a self‑limiting effect impaired the pro‑apoptotic effects of PPM in liver cancer, but when combined with an autophagy inhibitor, it may serve as a novel therapeutic option for the management of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hao
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China,Hebei Yiling Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China,New Drug Evaluation Center, Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Tao Song
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China,Hebei Yiling Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China,New Drug Evaluation Center, Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China
| | - Mingye Wang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Tongtong Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhao
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Hou
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China,Hebei Yiling Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China,New Drug Evaluation Center, Shijiazhuang Yiling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050035, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Yunlong Hou, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Hongjiang He
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China,Professor Hongjiang He, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang H, Wei S, Zhang Y, Pan A, Adu-Frimpong M, Sun C, Qi G. Improving cellular uptake and bioavailability of periplocymarin-linoleic acid prodrug by combining PEGylated liposome. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2491-2497. [PMID: 35912819 PMCID: PMC9344961 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Periplocymarin (PPM), a cardiac glycoside isolated from Cortex periplocae, has a strong anti-tumor effect against various cancer cells. However, cardiotoxicity and rapid metabolism hinder its clinical applications. In this study, small molecule prodrug was integrated into PEGylated liposome to improve the efficiency of periplocymarin in vivo. The periplocymarin-linoleic acid (PL) prodrug was constructed by conjugating the linoleic acid with PPM via esterification, which was further facilitated to form PEGylated liposome (PL-Lip) through film dispersion. Compared with PL self-assembling nano-prodrug (PL-SNP), PL-Lip showed better colloid stability, sustained drug release kinetics, and enhanced cellular uptake by tumor cells. Notably, PL-Lip performed better than PPM and PL-SNP in terms of tumor distribution and pharmacokinetics, which include bioavailability and half-life. Altogether, the prodrug PEGylated liposome represents a good strategy and method for long-circulating and tumor-targeting delivery of periplocymarin with enhanced clinical application prospect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunru Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Anran Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Michael Adu-Frimpong
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences (CKT-UTAS), Navrongo, Ghana
| | - Congyong Sun
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Gang Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abdellatif AAH, Tolba NS, Alsharidah M, Al Rugaie O, Bouazzaoui A, Saleem I, Ali AT. PEG-4000 formed polymeric nanoparticles loaded with cetuximab downregulate p21 &stathmin-1 gene expression in cancer cell lines. Life Sci 2022; 295:120403. [PMID: 35176277 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cetuximab (CTX) is known to have cytotoxic effects on several human cancer cells in vitro; however, as CTX is poorly water soluble, there is a need for improved formulations can reach cancer cells at high concentrations with low side effects. We developed (PEG-4000) polymeric nanoparticles (PEGNPs) loaded with CTX and evaluated their in vitro cytotoxicity and anticancer properties against human lung (A549) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells. CTX-PEGNPs were formulated using the solvent evaporation technique, and their morphological properties were evaluated. Further, the effects of CTX-PEGNPs on cell viability using the MTT assay and perform gene expression analysis, DNA fragmentation measurements, and the comet assay. CTX-PEGNP showed uniformly dispersed NPs of nano-size range (253.7 ± 0.3 nm), and low polydispersity index (0.16) indicating the stability and uniformity of NPs. Further, the zeta potential of the preparations was -17.0 ± 1.8 mv. DSC and FTIR confirmed the entrapping of CTX in NPs. The results showed IC50 values of 2.26 μg/mL and 1.83 μg/mL for free CTX and CTX-PEGNPs on the A549 cancer cell line, respectively. Moreover, CTX-PEGNPs had a lower IC50 of 1.12 μg/mL in MCF-7 cells than that of free CTX (2.28 μg/mL). The expression levels of p21 and stathmin-1 were significantly decreased in both cell lines treated with CTX-PEGNPs compared to CTX alone. The CTX-PEGNP-treated cells also showed increased DNA fragmentation rates in both cancer cell lines compared with CTX alone. The results indicated that CTX-PEGNP was an improved formulation than CTX alone to induce apoptosis and DNA damage and inhibit cell proliferation through the downregulation of P21 and stathmin-1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Nahla Sameh Tolba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sadat City University, Monufia 32897, Egypt.
| | - Mansour Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osamah Al Rugaie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, P.O. Box 991, Al Qassim 51911, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.; Medical Clinic, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053, Germany.
| | - Imran Saleem
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK.
| | - Asmaa T Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng Y, Wang G, Zhao L, Dai S, Han J, Hu X, Zhou C, Wang F, Ma H, Li B, Meng Z. Periplocymarin Induced Colorectal Cancer Cells Apoptosis Via Impairing PI3K/AKT Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:753598. [PMID: 34900704 PMCID: PMC8655334 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.753598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and approximately one-third of CRC patients present with metastatic disease. Periplocymarin (PPM), a cardiac glycoside isolated from Periploca sepium, is a latent anticancer compound. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of PPM on CRC cells. CRC cells were treated with PPM and cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry and TUNEL staining were performed to assess cell cycle and apoptosis. Quantitative proteomics has been used to check the proteins differentially expressed by using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Bioinformatic analysis was undertaken to identify the biological processes that these differentially expressed proteins are involved in. Gene expression was analyzed by western blotting. The effect of PPM in vivo was primarily checked in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of CRC, and the gene expression of tumor was checked by histochemistry staining. PPM could inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner, induce cell apoptosis and promote G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. A total of 539 proteins were identified differentially expressed following PPM treatment, where among those there were 286 genes upregulated and 293 downregulated. PPM treatment caused a pro-apoptosis gene expression profile both in vivo and in vitro, and impaired PI3K/AKT signaling pathway might be involved. In addition, PPM treatment caused less detrimental effects on blood cell, hepatic and renal function in mice, and the anti-cancer effect was found exaggerated by PPM+5-FU combination treatment. PPM may perform anti-CRC effects by promoting cell apoptosis and this might be achieved by targeting PI3K/AKT pathway. PPM might be a safe and promising anti-cancer drug that needs to be further studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guiying Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lianmei Zhao
- Scientific Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Suli Dai
- Scientific Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuhua Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chaoxi Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongqing Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baokun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zesong Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of a γ-Lactone Isolated from Ostrich Oil of Struthio camelus (Ratite) and Its Formulated Nano-Emulsion in Formalin-Induced Paw Edema. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123701. [PMID: 34204472 PMCID: PMC8234909 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ostrich oil of Struthio camelus (Ratite) found uses in folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory in eczema and contact dermatitis. The anti-inflammatory effect of a γ-lactone (5-hexyl-3H-furan-2-one) isolated from ostrich oil and its formulated nano-emulsion in formalin-induced paw edema was investigated in this study. Ostrich oil was saponified using a standard procedure; the aqueous residue was fractionated, purified, and characterized as γ-lactone (5-hexyl-3H-furan-2-one) through the interpretation of IR, NMR, and MS analyses. The γ-lactone was formulated as nano-emulsion using methylcellulose (MC) for oral solubilized form. The γ-lactone methylcellulose nanoparticles (γ-lactone-MC-NPs) were characterized for their size, shape, and encapsulation efficiency with a uniform size of 300 nm and 59.9% drug content. The γ-lactone was applied topically, while the formulated nanoparticles (NPs) were administered orally to rats. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (diclofenac gel) was used as a reference drug for topical use and ibuprofen suspension for oral administration. Edema was measured using the plethysmograph method. Both γ-lactone and γ-lactone-MC-NPs showed reduction of formalin-induced paw edema in rats and proved to be better than the reference drugs; diclofenac gel and ibuprofen emulsion. Histological examination of the skin tissue revealed increased skin thickness with subepidermal edema and mixed inflammatory cellular infiltration, which were significantly reduced by the γ-lactone compared to the positive control (p-value = 0.00013). Diuretic and toxicity studies of oral γ-lactone-MC-NPs were performed. No diuretic activity was observed. However, lethargy, drowsiness, and refusal to feeding observed may limit its oral administration.
Collapse
|
8
|
Quo vadis Cardiac Glycoside Research? Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050344. [PMID: 34064873 PMCID: PMC8151307 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs), toxins well-known for numerous human and cattle poisoning, are natural compounds, the biosynthesis of which occurs in various plants and animals as a self-protective mechanism to prevent grazing and predation. Interestingly, some insect species can take advantage of the CG’s toxicity and by absorbing them, they are also protected from predation. The mechanism of action of CG’s toxicity is inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase (the sodium-potassium pump, NKA), which disrupts the ionic homeostasis leading to elevated Ca2+ concentration resulting in cell death. Thus, NKA serves as a molecular target for CGs (although it is not the only one) and even though CGs are toxic for humans and some animals, they can also be used as remedies for various diseases, such as cardiovascular ones, and possibly cancer. Although the anticancer mechanism of CGs has not been fully elucidated, yet, it is thought to be connected with the second role of NKA being a receptor that can induce several cell signaling cascades and even serve as a growth factor and, thus, inhibit cancer cell proliferation at low nontoxic concentrations. These growth inhibitory effects are often observed only in cancer cells, thereby, offering a possibility for CGs to be repositioned for cancer treatment serving not only as chemotherapeutic agents but also as immunogenic cell death triggers. Therefore, here, we report on CG’s chemical structures, production optimization, and biological activity with possible use in cancer therapy, as well as, discuss their antiviral potential which was discovered quite recently. Special attention has been devoted to digitoxin, digoxin, and ouabain.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yun W, Qian L, Yuan R, Xu H. Periplocymarin protects against myocardial fibrosis induced by β-adrenergic activation in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111562. [PMID: 33839492 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Periplocymarin is an effective component of Periplocae Cortex, which was wildly used as an ingredient in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Our group previously reported that periplocymarin exerted cardiotonic role via promoting calcium influx. However, its exact role in the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis has not been elucidated yet. The present study was aimed at determining the potential effect and underlying mechanism of periplocymarin in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with ISO (5 mg/kg/day) or saline for 1 week. The early-to-atrial wave ratio (E/A ratio) measured by echocardiography revealed that ISO-induced heart stiffness was remarkably reversed by administration of periplocymarin (5 mg/kg/day). Masson trichrome staining exhibited that treatment of periplocymarin reduced the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Further investigations employing real-time PCR and western blot demonstrated that periplocymarin suppressed the expression of fibrosis related genes (Col1a1, Col3a1, Acta2 and Tgfb1) and proteins (Collagen I, Collagen III, α-SMA and TGF-β1) induced by ISO. Metabolomics analysis demonstrated that periplocymarin ameliorated the disorders triggered by ISO and many of the differential metabolic substances were involved in amino acid, glucose and lipid metabolism. Further analysis using network pharmacology revealed that three key genes, namely NOS2, NOS3 and Ptgs2, may be the potential targets of periplocymarin and responsible for the disorders. Validation using heart tissues showed that the mRNA expression of NOS3 was decreased while Ptgs2 was increased upon ISO treatment, which were reversed by periplocymarin. Moreover, the expression of COX-2 (Ptgs2 encoded protein) was consistent with the aspect of Ptgs2 mRNA, while eNOS (NOS3 encoded protein) expression was unchanged. In vitro studies exhibited that periplocymarin exerts anti-fibrotic function via regulating at least eNOS and COX-2 in cardiomyocyte. Taken together, periplocymarin protects against myocardial fibrosis induced by β-adrenergic activation, the potential mechanism was that periplocymarin targeted on, at least eNOS and COX-2, to improve the metabolic processes of cardiomyocyte and thus attenuated the myocardial fibrosis. Our study highlighted that periplocymarin is a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention of myocardial fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Yun
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ruqiang Yuan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| | - Hu Xu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yun W, Qian L, Cheng Y, Tao W, Yuan R, Xu H. Periplocymarin Plays an Efficacious Cardiotonic Role via Promoting Calcium Influx. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1292. [PMID: 32973521 PMCID: PMC7466735 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Periplocymarin, which belongs to cardiac glycosides, is an effective component extracted from Periplocae Cortex. However, its cardiovascular effects remain unidentified. In the present study, injection of periplocymarin (5 mg/kg) through external jugular vein immediately increased the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in anesthetized C57BL/6 mice. Ex vivo experiments using mouse mesenteric artery rings were conducted to validate the role of periplocymarin on blood vessels. However, periplocymarin failed to induce vasoconstriction directly, and had no effects on vasoconstriction induced by phenylephrine (Phe) and angiotensin II (Ang II). In addition, vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine (Ach) was insusceptible to periplocymarin. Echocardiography was used to evaluate the effects of periplocymarin on cardiac function. The results showed that the injection of periplocymarin significantly increase the ejection fraction (EF) in mice without changing the heart rate. In vitro studies using isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) revealed that periplocymarin transiently increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration observed by confocal microscope. But in Ca2+-free buffer, this phenomenon vanished. Besides, inhibition of sodium potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase) by digoxin significantly suppressed the increase of MAP and EF in mice, and the influx of Ca2+ in cardiomyocytes, mediated by periplocymarin. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that periplocymarin increased the contractility of myocardium by promoting the Ca2+ influx of cardiomyocytes via targeting on Na+-K+-ATPase, which indirectly led to the instantaneous rise of blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Yun
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Qian
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanyan Cheng
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weiwei Tao
- College of Nursing, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ruqiang Yuan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hu Xu
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abdellatif AAH, Ibrahim MA, Amin MA, Maswadeh H, Alwehaibi MN, Al-Harbi SN, Alharbi ZA, Mohammed HA, Mehany ABM, Saleem I. Cetuximab Conjugated with Octreotide and Entrapped Calcium Alginate-beads for Targeting Somatostatin Receptors. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4736. [PMID: 32170176 PMCID: PMC7069942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to formulate oral cetuximab (CTX) for targeting colorectal cancer, which is reported to express somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). Therefore, coating CTX with a somatostatin analogue such as octreotide (OCT) is beneficial. Alginate was used to coat CTX to facilitate delivery to the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). This study aimed to deliver CTX conjugated with OCT in the form of microparticles as a GIT-targeted SSTR therapy. Both CTX and OCT were conjugated using a solvent evaporation method and the conjugated CTX-OCT was then loaded onto Ca-alginate-beads (CTX-OCT-Alg), which were characterized for drug interactions using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). Moreover, the morphology of formulated beads was examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The drug content and release profile were studied using UV spectroscopy. Finally, in vitro cytotoxicity of all compounds was evaluated. The results showed homogenous conjugated CTX-OCT with a diameter of 0.4 mm. DSC showed a delay in the OCT peak that appeared after 200 °C due to small polymer interaction that shifted the OCT peak. Moreover, FTIR showed no prominent interaction. SEM showed clear empty cavities in the plain Ca-alginate-beads, while CTX-OCT-Alg showed occupied beads without cavities. CTX-OCT-Alg had a negligible release in 0.1 N HCl, while the CTX-OCT was completely released after 300 min in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. All formulations showed good antiproliferative activity compared with free drugs. The formulated CTX-OCT-Alg are a promising platform for targeting colorectal cancer through GIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hamzah Maswadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammed N Alwehaibi
- Pharm. D. Student, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan N Al-Harbi
- Pharm. D. Student, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zayed A Alharbi
- Pharm. D. Student, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdoon A Mohammed
- Department of Medicnal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Mehany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Imran Saleem
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University James Parsons Building, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang H, Zhu Y, Sun C, Xie Y, Adu-Frimpong M, Deng W, Yu J, Xu X, Han Z, Qi G. GSH responsive nanomedicines self-assembled from small molecule prodrug alleviate the toxicity of cardiac glycosides as potent cancer drugs. Int J Pharm 2020; 575:118980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
13
|
Octreotide Conjugates for Tumor Targeting and Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11050220. [PMID: 31067748 PMCID: PMC6571972 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor targeting has emerged as an advantageous approach to improving the efficacy and safety of cytotoxic agents or radiolabeled ligands that do not preferentially accumulate in the tumor tissue. The somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily and they are overexpressed in many neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). SSTRs can be efficiently targeted with octreotide, a cyclic octapeptide that is derived from native somatostatin. The conjugation of cargoes to octreotide represents an attractive approach for effective tumor targeting. In this study, we conjugated octreotide to cryptophycin, which is a highly cytotoxic depsipeptide, through the protease cleavable Val-Cit dipeptide linker using two different self-immolative moieties. The biological activity was investigated in vitro and the self-immolative part largely influenced the stability of the conjugates. Replacement of cryptophycin by the infrared cyanine dye Cy5.5 was exploited to elucidate the tumor targeting properties of the conjugates in vitro and in vivo. The compound efficiently and selectively internalized in cells overexpressing SSTR2 and accumulated in xenografts for a prolonged time. Our results on the in vivo properties indicate that octreotide may serve as an efficient delivery vehicle for tumor targeting.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang H, Wang Q, Sun C, Zhu Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Chen J, Deng W, Adu-Frimpong M, Yu J, Xu X. Enhanced Oral Bioavailability, Anti-Tumor Activity and Hepatoprotective Effect of 6-Shogaol Loaded in a Type of Novel Micelles of Polyethylene Glycol and Linoleic Acid Conjugate. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11030107. [PMID: 30845761 PMCID: PMC6470752 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
:6-shogaol is a promising anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent. However, the treatment effectiveness of 6-shogaol is limited by poor water solubility, poor oral absorption and rapid metabolism. Herein, 6-shogaol loaded in micelles (SMs) were designed to improve 6-shogaol's solubility and bioavailability. The micelles of a PEG derivative of linoleic acid (mPEG2k-LA) were prepared by the nanoprecipitation method with a particle size of 76.8 nm, and entrapment of 81.6 %. Intriguingly, SMs showed a slower release in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (pH = 7.4) compared to free 6-shogaol while its oral bioavailability increased by 3.2⁻fold in vivo. More importantly, the in vitro cytotoxic effect in HepG2 cells of SMs was significantly higher than free 6-shogaol. Furthermore, SMs could significantly improve the tissue distribution of 6-shogaol, especially liver and brain. Finally, SMs showed a better hepatoprotective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury in vivo than free 6-shogaol. These results suggest that the novel micelles could potentiate the activities of 6-shogaol in cancer treatment and hepatoprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Zhang
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Qilong Wang
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Congyong Sun
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Qiuxuan Yang
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Qiuyu Wei
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Michael Adu-Frimpong
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ximing Xu
- Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
There is a growing interest for the discovery of new cancer-targeted delivery systems for drug delivery and diagnosis. A synopsis of the bibliographic data will be presented on bombesin, neurotensin, octreotide, Arg-Gly-Asp, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and other peptides. Many of them have reached the clinics for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, and have been utilized as carriers of known cytotoxic agents such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, methotrexate or dyes and radioisotopes. In our article, recent advances in the development of peptides as carriers of cytotoxic drugs or radiometals will be analyzed.
Collapse
|
16
|
Anticancer and Immunogenic Properties of Cardiac Glycosides. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111932. [PMID: 29117117 PMCID: PMC6150164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are natural compounds widely used in the treatment of several cardiac conditions and more recently have been recognized as potential antitumor compounds. They are known to be ligands for Na/K-ATPase, which is a promising drug target in cancer. More recently, in addition to their antitumor effects, it has been suggested that CGs activate tumor-specific immune responses. This review summarizes the anticancer aspects of CGs as new strategies for immunotherapy and drug repositioning (new horizons for old players), and the possible new targets for CGs in cancer cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang H, Xu W, Omari-Siaw E, Liu Y, Chen B, Chen D, Yu J, Xu X. Redox-responsive PEGylated self-assembled prodrug-nanoparticles formed by single disulfide bond bridge periplocymarin-vitamin E conjugate for liver cancer chemotherapy. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:1170-1178. [PMID: 28835137 PMCID: PMC8241199 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1365393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Periplocymarin (PPM), a cardiac glycoside, has a narrow therapeutic index, poor tumor selectivity and severe cardiovascular toxicity which hinder its wide clinical applications in cancer treatment. Herein, we report novel redox-responsive prodrug-nanoparticles (MPSSV-NPs) self-assembled by co-nanoprecipitation of PPM-vitamin E conjugate and a PEG derivative of linoleate (mPEG2000-LA) in water. It was found that the characteristics of PPM-vitamin E nanoparticles (PSSV-NPs) were improved through co-nanoprecipitation with increased percentages of mPEG2000-LA. Moreover, the MPSSV-NPs were optimized according to the in vitro release and cytotoxicity study. Furthermore, the optimized MPSSV-NPs dramatically enhanced the circulation time and tumor distribution of PSSV-NPs after single intravenous injection. The in vivo studies in malignant H22-bearing mice revealed that MPSSV-NPs could effectively suppress tumor growth without causing obvious systemic toxicity. Altogether, these results suggested that MPSSV-NPs could offer a safe, multifunctional and viable nanoplatform for cardiac glycosides in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Emmanuel Omari-Siaw
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingkun Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Baoding Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deyu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|