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Wang L, Liu H, Liu Y, Guo S, Yan Z, Chen G, Wu Q, Xu S, Zhou Q, Liu L, Peng M, Cheng X, Yan T. Potential markers of cancer stem-like cells in ESCC: a review of the current knowledge. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1324819. [PMID: 38239657 PMCID: PMC10795532 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1324819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), the incidence and mortality rate of ESCC in our country are also higher than those in the rest of the world. Despite advances in the treatment department method, patient survival rates have not obviously improved, which often leads to treatment obstruction and cancer repeat. ESCC has special cells called cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs) with self-renewal and differentiation ability, which reflect the development process and prognosis of cancer. In this review, we evaluated CSLCs, which are identified from the expression of cell surface markers in ESCC. By inciting EMTs to participate in tumor migration and invasion, stem cells promote tumor redifferentiation. Some factors can inhibit the migration and invasion of ESCC via the EMT-related pathway. We here summarize the research progress on the surface markers of CSLCs, EMT pathway, and the microenvironment in the process of tumor growth. Thus, these data may be more valuable for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yiqian Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shixing Guo
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Centre, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenpeng Yan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Guohui Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qinglu Wu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Songrui Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Qichao Zhou
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Meilan Peng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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2
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Chen W, Liu J, Zheng C, Bai Q, Gao Q, Zhang Y, Dong K, Lu T. Research Progress on Improving the Efficiency of CDT by Exacerbating Tumor Acidification. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2611-2628. [PMID: 35712639 PMCID: PMC9196673 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s366187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has received extensive attention as a novel means of cancer treatment. The CDT agents can exert Fenton and Fenton-like reactions in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), converting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH). However, the pH of TME, as an essential factor in the Fenton reaction, does not catalyze the reaction effectively, hindering its efficiency, which poses a significant challenge for the future clinical application of CDT. Therefore, this paper reviews various strategies to enhance the antitumor properties of nanomaterials by modulating tumor acidity. Ultimately, the performance of CDT can be further improved by inducing strong oxidative stress to produce sufficient ·OH. In this paper, the various acidification pathways and proton pumps with potential acidification functions are mainly discussed, such as catalytic enzymes, exogenous acids, CAIX, MCT, NHE, NBCn1, etc. The problems, opportunities, and challenges of CDT in the cancer field are also discussed, thereby providing new insights for the design of nanomaterials and laying the foundation for their future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Chen
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Que Bai
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
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3
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Korsós MM, Bellák T, Becskeházi E, Gál E, Veréb Z, Hegyi P, Venglovecz V. Mouse organoid culture is a suitable model to study esophageal ion transport mechanisms. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C798-C811. [PMID: 34524930 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00295.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Altered esophageal ion transport mechanisms play a key role in inflammatory and cancerous diseases of the esophagus, but epithelial ion processes have been less studied in the esophagus because of the lack of a suitable experimental model. In this study, we generated three-dimensional (3D) esophageal organoids (EOs) from two different mouse strains and characterized the ion transport processes of the EOs. EOs form a cell-filled structure with a diameter of 250-300 µm and were generated from epithelial stem cells as shown by FACS analysis. Using conventional PCR and immunostaining, the presence of Slc26a6 Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger (AE), Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBC), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and anoctamin 1 Cl- channels was detected in EOs. Microfluorimetric techniques revealed high NHE, AE, and NBC activities, whereas that of CFTR was relatively low. In addition, inhibition of CFTR led to functional interactions between the major acid-base transporters and CFTR. We conclude that EOs provide a relevant and suitable model system for studying the ion transport mechanisms of esophageal epithelial cells, and they can be also used as preclinical tools to assess the effectiveness of novel therapeutic compounds in esophageal diseases associated with altered ion transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamás Bellák
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- BioTalentum Ltd., Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Eszter Becskeházi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eleonóra Gál
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Research Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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4
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Becskeházi E, Korsós MM, Gál E, Tiszlavicz L, Hoyk Z, Deli MA, Köhler ZM, Keller-Pintér A, Horváth A, Csekő K, Helyes Z, Hegyi P, Venglovecz V. Inhibition of NHE-1 Increases Smoke-Induced Proliferative Activity of Barrett's Esophageal Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10581. [PMID: 34638919 PMCID: PMC8509038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Several clinical studies indicate that smoking predisposes its consumers to esophageal inflammatory and malignant diseases, but the cellular mechanism is not clear. Ion transporters protect esophageal epithelial cells by maintaining intracellular pH at normal levels. In this study, we hypothesized that smoking affects the function of ion transporters, thus playing a role in the development of smoking-induced esophageal diseases. Esophageal cell lines were treated with cigarettesmoke extract (CSE), and the viability and proliferation of the cells, as well as the activity, mRNA and protein expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger-1 (NHE-1), were studied. NHE-1 expression was also investigated in human samples. For chronic treatment, guinea pigs were exposed to tobacco smoke, and NHE-1 activity was measured. Silencing of NHE-1 was performed by using specific siRNA. CSE treatment increased the activity and protein expression of NHE-1 in the metaplastic cells and decreased the rate of proliferation in a NHE-1-dependent manner. In contrast, CSE increased the proliferation of dysplastic cells independently of NHE-1. In the normal cells, the expression and activity of NHE-1 decreased due to in vitro and in vivo smoke exposure. Smoking enhances the function of NHE-1 in Barrett's esophagus, and this is presumably a compensatory mechanism against this toxic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Becskeházi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (M.M.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Marietta Margaréta Korsós
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (M.M.K.); (E.G.)
| | - Eleonóra Gál
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (M.M.K.); (E.G.)
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Zsófia Hoyk
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.H.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Biological Research Centre, Institute of Biophysics, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.H.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Zoltán Márton Köhler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.M.K.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Anikó Keller-Pintér
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.M.K.); (A.K.-P.)
| | - Attila Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Kata Csekő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.C.); (Z.H.)
- PharmInVivo Ltd., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (K.C.); (Z.H.)
- PharmInVivo Ltd., H-7629 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
- Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, H-6721 Szeged, Hungary; (E.B.); (M.M.K.); (E.G.)
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5
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Shiozaki A, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Roles of Ion and Water Channels in the Cell Death and Survival of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616933. [PMID: 33777930 PMCID: PMC7991738 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ion and water channels were recently shown to be involved in cancer cell functions, and various transporter types have been detected in upper gastrointestinal tract (UGI) cancers. Current information on the expression and roles of these channels and transporters in the death and survival of UGI cancer cells was reviewed herein, and the potential of their regulation for cancer management was investigated. Esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) cells and tissues express many different types of ion channels, including voltage-gated K+, Cl-, and Ca2+, and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, which regulate the progression of cancer. Aquaporin (AQP) 1, 3, and 5 are water channels that contribute to the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and GC. Intracellular pH regulators, including the anion exchanger (AE), sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE), and vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPase), also play roles in the functions of UGI cancer cells. We have previously conducted gene expression profiling and revealed that the regulatory mechanisms underlying apoptosis in ESCC cells involved various types of Cl- channels, Ca2+ channels, water channels, and pH regulators (Shimizu et al., 2014; Ariyoshi et al., 2017; Shiozaki et al., 2017, 2018a; Kobayashi et al., 2018; Yamazato et al., 2018; Konishi et al., 2019; Kudou et al., 2019; Katsurahara et al., 2020, 2021; Matsumoto et al., 2021; Mitsuda et al., 2021). We have also previously demonstrated the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of their expression in ESCC patients, and shown that their pharmacological blockage and gene silencing had an impact on carcinogenesis, indicating their potential as targets for the treatment of UGI cancers. A more detailed understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying cell death and survival of UGI cancers may result in the application of cellular physiological methods as novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Hu Y, Lou J, Jin Z, Yang X, Shan W, Du Q, Liao Q, Xu J, Xie R. Advances in research on the regulatory mechanism of NHE1 in tumors. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:273. [PMID: 33717270 PMCID: PMC7885159 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors pose a major threat to human health and present with difficulties that modern medicine has yet to overcome. It has been demonstrated that the acid-base balance of the tumor microenvironment is closely associated with the dynamic balance in the human body and that it regulates several processes, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, intracellular enzyme activity, and cytoskeletal assembly and depolymerization. It has been well established that the regulation of intra- and extracellular pH depends on a series of functional ion transporters and hydrogen ion channels, such as the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) protein and thee Cl/HCO3- exchange protein, among which the NHE1 member of the NHE family has been attracting increasing attention in recent years, particularly in studies on the correlation between pH regulation and tumors. NHE1 is a housekeeping gene encoding a protein that is widely expressed on the surface of all plasma membranes. Due to its functional domain, which determines the pHi at its N-terminus and C-terminus, NHE1 is involved in the regulation of the cellular pH microenvironment. It has been reported in the literature that NHE1 can regulate cell volume, participate in the transmembrane transport of intracellular and extracellular ions, affect cell proliferation and apoptosis, and regulate cell behavior and cell cycle progression; however, research on the role of NHE1 in tumorigenesis and tumor development in various systems is at its early stages. The aim of the present study was to review the current research on the correlation between the NHE family proteins and various systemic tumors, in order to indicate a new direction for antitumor drug development with the pH microenvironment as the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Weixi Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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7
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Mitsuda M, Shiozaki A, Kudou M, Shimizu H, Arita T, Kosuga T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Otsuji E. Functional Analysis and Clinical Significance of Chloride Channel 2 Expression in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:5384-5397. [PMID: 33565032 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-09659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chloride channel 2 (CLCN2) was recently shown to affect tumor behavior. The present study examined the functions of CLCN2 in the regulation of genes that play a role in tumor progression, as well as its clinicopathological significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS Knockdown experiments were conducted using CLCN2-small-interfering RNA, and changes in proliferation, survival, and cellular movement in human ESCC cell lines were investigated. A microarray analysis of gene expression profiles in CLCN2-depleted ESCC cells was conducted. Fifty-four primary ESCC samples were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS The strong expression of CLCN2 was detected in TE5 and KYSE70 cells. Downregulated expression of CLCN2 enhanced proliferation and decreased apoptosis, whereas its upregulation inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis. The effects of lubiprostone, a CLCN2 activator, were also investigated. In lubiprostone-treated cells, proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis was increased. The microarray analysis demonstrated that interferon (IFN) signaling-related genes were downregulated in CLCN2-depleted cells. IHC showed the presence of CLCN2 in the cytoplasm and cell membranes of ESCC cells. The prognostic analysis revealed a relationship between weak CLCN2 expression and shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that tumor progression is regulated by CLCN2 through its effects on IFN signaling. Furthermore, weak CLCN2 expression was associated with poorer outcomes in ESCC patients. The present study will contribute to a clearer understanding of the role of CLCN2 as a mediator of ESCC, as well as its use as a biomarker for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Mitsuda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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8
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How Dysregulated Ion Channels and Transporters Take a Hand in Esophageal, Liver, and Colorectal Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:129-222. [PMID: 32875386 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the understanding of how dysregulated ion channels and transporters are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth and progression, including invasiveness and metastasis, has been increasing exponentially. The present review specifies virtually all ion channels and transporters whose faulty expression or regulation contributes to esophageal, hepatocellular, and colorectal cancer. The variety reaches from Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Cl- channels over divalent metal transporters, Na+ or Cl- coupled Ca2+, HCO3- and H+ exchangers to monocarboxylate carriers and organic anion and cation transporters. In several cases, the underlying mechanisms by which these ion channels/transporters are interwoven with malignancies have been fully or at least partially unveiled. Ca2+, Akt/NF-κB, and Ca2+- or pH-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling emerge as cross points through which ion channels/transporters interfere with gene expression, modulate cell proliferation, trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and promote cell motility and metastasis. Also miRs, lncRNAs, and DNA methylation represent potential links between the misexpression of genes encoding for ion channels/transporters, their malfunctioning, and cancer. The knowledge of all these molecular interactions has provided the basis for therapeutic strategies and approaches, some of which will be broached in this review.
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9
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Becskeházi E, Korsós MM, Erőss B, Hegyi P, Venglovecz V. OEsophageal Ion Transport Mechanisms and Significance Under Pathological Conditions. Front Physiol 2020; 11:855. [PMID: 32765303 PMCID: PMC7379034 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion transporters play an important role in several physiological functions, such as cell volume regulation, pH homeostasis and secretion. In the oesophagus, ion transport proteins are part of the epithelial resistance, a mechanism which protects the oesophagus against reflux-induced damage. A change in the function or expression of ion transporters has significance in the development or neoplastic progression of Barrett’s oesophagus (BO). In this review, we discuss the physiological and pathophysiological roles of ion transporters in the oesophagus, highlighting transport proteins which serve as therapeutic targets or prognostic markers in eosinophilic oesophagitis, BO and esophageal cancer. We believe that this review highlights important relationships which might contribute to a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of esophageal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Becskeházi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Bálint Erőss
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Szentágothai Research Centre, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Division of Gastroenterology, First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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10
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Cao L, Yuan Z, Liu M, Stock C. (Patho-)Physiology of Na +/H + Exchangers (NHEs) in the Digestive System. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1566. [PMID: 32009977 PMCID: PMC6974801 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) are expressed in virtually all human tissues and organs. Two major tasks of those NHE isoforms that are located in plasma membranes are cell volume control by Na+-uptake and cellular pH regulation by H+-extrusion. Several NHEs, particularly NHE 1–4 and 8, are involved in the pathogenesis of diseases of the digestive system such as inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease) and gastric and colorectal tumorigenesis. In the present review, we describe the physiological purposes, possible malfunctions and pathophysiological effects of the different NHE isoforms along the alimentary canal from esophagus to colon, including pancreas, liver and gallbladder. Particular attention is paid to the functions of NHEs in injury repair and to the role of NHE1 in Barrett’s esophagus. The impact of NHEs on gut microbiota and intestinal mucosal integrity is also dealt with. As the hitherto existing findings are not always consistent, sometimes even controversial, they are compared and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenglin Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Pedersen SF, Counillon L. The SLC9A-C Mammalian Na +/H + Exchanger Family: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Physiology. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:2015-2113. [PMID: 31507243 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. They belong to an ancient family of highly evolutionarily conserved proteins, and they play essential physiological roles in all phyla. In this review, we focus on the mammalian Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs), the solute carrier (SLC) 9 family. This family of electroneutral transporters constitutes three branches: SLC9A, -B, and -C. Within these, each isoform exhibits distinct tissue expression profiles, regulation, and physiological roles. Some of these transporters are highly studied, with hundreds of original articles, and some are still only rudimentarily understood. In this review, we present and discuss the pioneering original work as well as the current state-of-the-art research on mammalian NHEs. We aim to provide the reader with a comprehensive view of core knowledge and recent insights into each family member, from gene organization over protein structure and regulation to physiological and pathophysiological roles. Particular attention is given to the integrated physiology of NHEs in the main organ systems. We provide several novel analyses and useful overviews, and we pinpoint main remaining enigmas, which we hope will inspire novel research on these highly versatile proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Pedersen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
| | - L Counillon
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; and Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiomédecine Moléculaire, LP2M, France, and Laboratories of Excellence Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Nice, France
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LRRC8A Expression Influences Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1973-1985. [PMID: 31323188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The volume-regulated anion channel is composed of leucine-rich repeat-containing protein A (LRRC8A) and is activated by hypotonic conditions to implement the process of regulatory volume decrease. The role of LRRC8A in regulating genes related to progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) was investigated, as well as the prognostic significance of LRRC8A expression in this tumor. Knockdown experiments were conducted using ESCC cell lines and LRRC8A siRNA to assess the influence of this protein on tumor function. In addition, the gene expression profile of ESCC was determined by microarray analysis. Immunohistochemistry was performed on 64 primary tumor samples from ESCC patients receiving radical esophagectomy. It was found that depletion of LRRC8A decreased cell proliferation and migration and also promoted apoptosis. Microarray data demonstrated G1/S checkpoint regulation and up-regulation or down-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling, matrix metalloproteinase, and integrin signaling-related genes (including p21, p27, MMP1, and ITGAV) in LRRC8A-depleted cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that LRRC8A expression was related to the pathologic N and T stage categories, and strong LRRC8A expression was correlated with a worse prognosis of ESCC. These findings indicate that LRRC8A modulates tumor progression by influencing cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration, providing new insights into its function as an effector or biomarker of ESCC.
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Shiozaki A, Ariyoshi Y, Iitaka D, Kosuga T, Shimizu H, Kudou M, Konishi T, Shoda K, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Marunaka Y, Ichikawa D, Otsuji E. Functional analysis and clinical significance of sodium iodide symporter expression in gastric cancer. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:473-485. [PMID: 30191346 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-0874-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have described important roles for the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in tumor behavior. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of NIS in the regulation of genes involved in tumor progression and the clinicopathological significance of its expression in gastric cancer (GC). METHODS In human GC cell lines, knockdown experiments were conducted using NIS siRNA, and the effects on proliferation, survival, and cellular movement were analyzed. The gene expression profiles of cells were examined using a microarray analysis. An immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 145 primary tumor samples obtained from GC patients. RESULTS NIS was strongly expressed in MKN45 and MKN74 cells. The depletion of NIS inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis. The results of the microarray analysis revealed that various interferon (IFN) signaling-related genes, such as STAT1, STAT2, IRF1, and IFIT1, were up-regulated in NIS-depleted MKN45 cells. Furthermore, the down-regulation of NIS affected the phosphorylation of MAPKs and NF-kB. Immunohistochemical staining showed that NIS was primarily located in the cytoplasm or cell membranes of carcinoma cells, and its expression was related to the histological type or venous invasion. Prognostic analyses revealed that the strong expression of NIS was associated with shorter postoperative survival. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NIS regulates tumor progression by affecting IFN signaling, and that its strong expression is related to a worse prognosis in patients with GC. These results provide an insight into the role of NIS as a mediator and/or a biomarker for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Ariyoshi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Iitaka
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomoki Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Departments of Molecular Cell Physiology and Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto, 602-8013, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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14
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Marunaka Y. The Proposal of Molecular Mechanisms of Weak Organic Acids Intake-Induced Improvement of Insulin Resistance in Diabetes Mellitus via Elevation of Interstitial Fluid pH. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103244. [PMID: 30347717 PMCID: PMC6214001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood contains powerful pH-buffering molecules such as hemoglobin (Hb) and albumin, while interstitial fluids have little pH-buffering molecules. Thus, even under metabolic disorder conditions except severe cases, arterial blood pH is kept constant within the normal range (7.35~7.45), but the interstitial fluid pH under metabolic disorder conditions becomes lower than the normal level. Insulin resistance is one of the most important key factors in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, nevertheless the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance occurrence is still unclear. Our studies indicate that lowered interstitial fluid pH occurs in diabetes mellitus, causing insulin resistance via reduction of the binding affinity of insulin to its receptor. Therefore, the key point for improvement of insulin resistance occurring in diabetes mellitus is development of methods or techniques elevating the lowered interstitial fluid pH. Intake of weak organic acids is found to improve the insulin resistance by elevating the lowered interstitial fluid pH in diabetes mellitus. One of the molecular mechanisms of the pH elevation is that: (1) the carboxyl group (R-COO−) but not H+ composing weak organic acids in foods is absorbed into the body, and (2) the absorbed the carboxyl group (R-COO−) behaves as a pH buffer material, elevating the interstitial fluid pH. On the other hand, high salt intake has been suggested to cause diabetes mellitus; however, the molecular mechanism is unclear. A possible mechanism of high salt intake-caused diabetes mellitus is proposed from a viewpoint of regulation of the interstitial fluid pH: high salt intake lowers the interstitial fluid pH via high production of H+ associated with ATP synthesis required for the Na+,K+-ATPase to extrude the high leveled intracellular Na+ caused by high salt intake. This review article introduces the molecular mechanism causing the lowered interstitial fluid pH and insulin resistance in diabetes mellitus, the improvement of insulin resistance via intake of weak organic acid-containing foods, and a proposal mechanism of high salt intake-caused diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Marunaka
- Research Institute for Clinical Physiology, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto 604-8472, Japan.
- Research Center for Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Development Science, Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
- Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto 602-8013, Japan.
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15
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Wang H, Long X, Wang D, Lou M, Zou D, Chen R, Nian W, Zhou Q. Increased expression of Na +/H + exchanger isoform 1 predicts tumor aggressiveness and unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6713-6720. [PMID: 30405813 PMCID: PMC6202499 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1), which is a regulator of intracellular and extracellular pH via ion exchange, has been demonstrated to serve an important role in cell differentiation, migration and invasion in solid tumors and hematological malignancies. However, the potential role of NHE1 in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear. In the present study, the expression pattern and the prognostic value of NHE1 were investigated in EOC. EOC tissues, non-cancerous tumors and normal ovarian tissues were collected, and the expression levels of NHE1 were determined using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The expression pattern of NHE1 was also evaluated in ovarian cancer cell lines using western blotting and immunofluorescence. In addition, the association between the NHE1 expression pattern and the clinicopathological features and the clinical prognosis of patients with EOC was also analyzed. The expression levels of NHE1 were identified to be significantly increased in EOC tissues compared with non-cancerous tumors and normal ovarian tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, the increased expression of NHE1 was associated with an advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage (FIGO III–IV; P<0.001) and the presence of high-grade carcinoma (grades 2–3, P<0.001). Overexpressed NHE1 was identified as a risk factor of shorter PFS (P<0.001) and OS (P<0.001). A multivariate Cox's regression analysis revealed that NHE1 was an independent prognostic factor for the prediction of the outcome of patients with EOC. NHE1 may, therefore, serve as a potential therapeutic target to inhibit tumor aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Xingtao Long
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Meng Lou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Dongling Zou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Weiqi Nian
- Laboratory of Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital & Chongqing Cancer Institute & Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
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16
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Yamazato Y, Shiozaki A, Ichikawa D, Kosuga T, Shoda K, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Aquaporin 1 suppresses apoptosis and affects prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29957-29974. [PMID: 30042826 PMCID: PMC6057448 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is a membrane protein whose main function is to transfer water across cellular membranes. Recent studies have described important roles for AQP1 in epithelial carcinogenesis and tumor behavior. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of AQP1 in the regulation of genes involved in tumor progression and the clinicopathological significance of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). An immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 50 primary tumor samples underwent esophagectomy. AQP1 was primarily located in the cytoplasm and/or the nuclear membrane of carcinoma cells. The 5-year survival rate of patients with the “cytoplasm dominant” expression of AQP1 (47.1%) was significantly lower than other patients (83.2%). The depletion of AQP1 using siRNA induced apoptosis in TE5 and TE15 cells. The results of microarray analysis revealed that Death receptor signaling pathway-related genes were changed in AQP1-depleted TE5 cells. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that the cytoplasm dominant expression of AQP1 is related to a poor prognosis in patients with ESCC, and that it activates tumor progression by affecting Death receptor signaling pathway. These results provide insights into the role of AQP1 as a mediator of and/or a biomarker for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Yamazato
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal, Breast & Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Departments of Molecular Cell Physiology and Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan.,Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto, 602-8013, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, 602-8566, Japan
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17
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Shiozaki A, Hikami S, Ichikawa D, Kosuga T, Shimizu H, Kudou M, Yamazato Y, Kobayashi T, Shoda K, Arita T, Konishi H, Komatsu S, Kubota T, Fujiwara H, Okamoto K, Kishimoto M, Konishi E, Marunaka Y, Otsuji E. Anion exchanger 2 suppresses cellular movement and has prognostic significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25993-26006. [PMID: 29899837 PMCID: PMC5995252 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have reported essential roles for various intracellular pH regulators in epithelial carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The aims of the present study were to investigate the role of anion exchanger 2 (AE2) in the regulation of tumor progression-related genes and the prognostic value of its expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Results AE2 was strongly expressed in KYSE170 and TE13 cells. The depletion of AE2 in these cells increased cell migration and inhibited the induction of apoptosis. The results of the microarray analysis revealed that various matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) signaling pathway-related genes, such as MMP1, MMP12, and TIMP4, were up- or down-regulated in AE2-depleted KYSE170 cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed that AE2 was primarily located in the cell membranes or cytoplasm of carcinoma cells, and its expression pattern at the invasive front of the tumor was related to the pT category. Prognostic analyses revealed that the low-grade expression of AE2 at the invasive front was associated with shorter postoperative survival. Conclusions The results of the present study suggest that reductions in AE2 in ESCC enhance cellular movement by activating MMP signaling pathways and are related to a poor prognosis in patients with ESCC. Methods In human ESCC cell lines, knockdown experiments were conducted using AE2 siRNA, and the effects on cellular movement and survival were analyzed. The gene expression profiles of cells were examined using a microarray analysis. An immunohistochemical analysis was performed on 61 primary tumor samples obtained from ESCC patients who underwent esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Shiozaki
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Hikami
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Gastrointestinal, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo 409-3898, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kosuga
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shimizu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Michihiro Kudou
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuzo Yamazato
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Shoda
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Arita
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Konishi
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuhei Komatsu
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kubota
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okamoto
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kishimoto
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Eiichi Konishi
- Department of Pathology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Departments of Molecular Cell Physiology and Bio-Ionomics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.,Japan Institute for Food Education and Health, St. Agnes' University, Kyoto 602-8013, Japan
| | - Eigo Otsuji
- Division of Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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