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Khurshed M, Prades-Sagarra E, Saleh S, Sminia P, Wilmink JW, Molenaar RJ, Crezee H, van Noorden CJF. Hyperthermia as a Potential Cornerstone of Effective Multimodality Treatment with Radiotherapy, Cisplatin and PARP Inhibitor in IDH1-Mutated Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246228. [PMID: 36551714 PMCID: PMC9777513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1MUT) gene occur in various types of malignancies, including ~60% of chondrosarcomas, ~30% of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas and >80% of low-grade gliomas. IDH1MUT are causal in the development and progression of these types of cancer due to neomorphic production of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG). Intracellular accumulation of D-2HG has been implicated in suppressing homologous recombination and renders IDH1MUT cancer cells sensitive to DNA-repair-inhibiting agents, such as poly-(adenosine 5′-diphosphate−ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Hyperthermia increases the efficacy of DNA-damaging therapies such as radiotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy, mainly by inhibition of DNA repair. In the current study, we investigated the additional effects of hyperthermia (42 °C for 1 h) in the treatment of IDH1MUT HCT116 colon cancer cells and hyperthermia1080 chondrosarcoma cancer cells in combination with radiation, cisplatin and/or a PARPi on clonogenic cell survival, cell cycle distribution and the induction and repair of DNA double-strand breaks. We found that hyperthermia in combination with radiation or cisplatin induces an increase in double-strand breaks and cell death, up to 10-fold in IDH1MUT cancer cells compared to IDH1 wild-type cells. This vulnerability was abolished by the IDH1MUT inhibitor AGI-5198 and was further increased by the PARPi. In conclusion, our study shows that IDH1MUT cancer cells are sensitized to hyperthermia in combination with irradiation or cisplatin and a PARPi. Therefore, hyperthermia may be an efficacious sensitizer to cytotoxic therapies in tumors where the clinical application of hyperthermia is feasible, such as IDH1MUT chondrosarcoma of the extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Elia Prades-Sagarra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Saleh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Sminia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna W. Wilmink
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J. Molenaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Crezee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J. F. van Noorden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Wu Q, Wei M, Yao L, Cheng X, Lu W, Xie X, Li X. Hyperthermia synergistically enhances antitumor efficacy of PARP inhibitor through impacting homologous recombination repair and oxidative stress in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 619:49-55. [PMID: 35738064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tumors with homologous recombination (HR) deficiency are particularly responsive to PARP inhibitors, however strategies to improve the sensitivity of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) with sufficient HR abilities still need to be deeply explored. In the present study, we firstly validated that hyperthermia (HT) changed diverse genes and signal pathways related to HR and oxidative stress in HR proficient EOC cells. HT impaired HR efficiency through inhibiting Olaparib (Olap) induced RAD51 foci formation in EOC cells, which was independent of the expression level of RAD51. Combination therapy of HT and Olap synergistically induced oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage of EOC cells. Furthermore, we revealed that HT and Olap synergistically aggravated double-strand breaks of DNA in EOC cells. Conclusively, our findings confirmed that HT could synergistically enhance HR proficient EOC cells' sensitivity to PARP inhibitor through impairing HR efficiency and increasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Mingjing Wei
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Lifang Yao
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaoxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, 312000, China
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Center for Uterine Cancer Diagnosis & Therapy Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xing Xie
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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Improved Oxygenation of Human Skin, Subcutis and Superficial Cancers Upon Mild Hyperthermia Delivered by WIRA-Irradiation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1395:255-261. [PMID: 36527646 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14190-4_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials have shown that mild hyperthermia (HT) serves as an adjunct to cancer treatments such as chemo- and radiotherapy. Recently, a high efficacy of mild HT immediately followed by hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) in treatment of recurrent breast cancer has been documented if temperatures of 39-43 °C are achieved for 40-60 min. In the present study, temperature and oxygenation profiles were measured in superficial tissues of healthy volunteers exposed to water-filtered infrared-A- (wIRA)- irradiation, to verify that adequate thermal doses together with the improved tumor oxygenation necessary for radiosensitisation are obtained. Experiments were performed using a wIRA-system equipped with two wIRA-radiators, each with a thermography camera for real-time monitoring of the skin surface temperature. Temperatures within the abdominal wall were measured with fibre optic sensors at defined tissue depths (subepidermal, and 1-20 mm inside the tissue). The corresponding tissue pO2 values were assessed with fluorometric microsensors. In selected situations, hyperspectral tissue imaging was used to visualise the oxygenation status of normal skin and superficial tumours in patients. Pre-treatment skin surface temperature was 34.6 °C. Upon wIRA exposure, average skin surface temperatures reached 41.6 °C within 5-12 min. Maximum tissue temperatures of 41.8 °C were found at a tissue depth of 1 mm, with a steady decline in deeper tissue layers (41.6 °C @ 5 mm, 40.8 °C @ 10 mm, 40.6 °C @ 15 mm, and 40.1 °C @ 20 mm). Effective HT levels ≥39 °C were established in tissue depths up to 25 mm. Tissue heating was accompanied by a significant increase in tissue pO2 values [e.g., at a tissue depth of 13 mm mean pO2 rose from 46 mmHg to 81 mmHg (@ T = 40.5 °C). In the post-heating phase (+ 5 min), pO2 was 79 mmHg (@ T = 38 °C) and 15 min post-heat pO2 was 72 mmHg (@ T = 36.8 °C)]. pO2 values remained elevated for 30-60 min post-heat. Non-invasive monitoring of normal skin and of recurrent breast cancers confirmed the improved O2 status by wIRA-HT. In conclusion, wIRA-irradiation enables effective tissue heating (T = 39-43 °C) associated with distinct increases in blood flow and pO2. These adjustments unequivocally meet the requirement for effective radiosensitisation.
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Gabano E, Pinton G, Balzano C, Boumya S, Osella D, Moro L, Ravera M. Unsymmetric Cisplatin-Based Pt(IV) Conjugates Containing a PARP-1 Inhibitor Pharmacophore Tested on Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:4740. [PMID: 34443328 PMCID: PMC8402032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is widely employed as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for many solid tumors, including malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). However, its clinical use is limited by heavy side effects and acquired resistance, the latter being mainly related to enhanced DNA repair. Many clinical trials using combinations of platinum drugs and PARP-1 inhibitors (PARPis) have been carried out, with the hope that such combinations might lead to improved therapeutic efficacy against tumors. Here, the synthesis and efficacy in reducing MPM cell viability of four cisplatin-based Pt(IV) prodrugs containing the PARPi 3-aminobenzamide (3-ABA) fragment are described. The most promising conjugate is more effective than cisplatin or cisplatin/3-ABA combination, administered in equimolar doses, in inhibiting PARP-1 activity and inducing apoptosis in BRCA1/2 wild type MPM cells, grown as monolayer or as multicellular spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gabano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (C.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Giulia Pinton
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Cecilia Balzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (C.B.); (D.O.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Boumya
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Domenico Osella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (C.B.); (D.O.)
| | - Laura Moro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, 28100 Novara, Italy; (G.P.); (S.B.)
| | - Mauro Ravera
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (C.B.); (D.O.)
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Huang R, Zhou PK. DNA damage repair: historical perspectives, mechanistic pathways and clinical translation for targeted cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:254. [PMID: 34238917 PMCID: PMC8266832 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is the hallmark of various cancers with the increasing accumulation of DNA damage. The application of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in cancer treatment is typically based on this property of cancers. However, the adverse effects including normal tissues injury are also accompanied by the radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Targeted cancer therapy has the potential to suppress cancer cells' DNA damage response through tailoring therapy to cancer patients lacking specific DNA damage response functions. Obviously, understanding the broader role of DNA damage repair in cancers has became a basic and attractive strategy for targeted cancer therapy, in particular, raising novel hypothesis or theory in this field on the basis of previous scientists' findings would be important for future promising druggable emerging targets. In this review, we first illustrate the timeline steps for the understanding the roles of DNA damage repair in the promotion of cancer and cancer therapy developed, then we summarize the mechanisms regarding DNA damage repair associated with targeted cancer therapy, highlighting the specific proteins behind targeting DNA damage repair that initiate functioning abnormally duo to extrinsic harm by environmental DNA damage factors, also, the DNA damage baseline drift leads to the harmful intrinsic targeted cancer therapy. In addition, clinical therapeutic drugs for DNA damage and repair including therapeutic effects, as well as the strategy and scheme of relative clinical trials were intensive discussed. Based on this background, we suggest two hypotheses, namely "environmental gear selection" to describe DNA damage repair pathway evolution, and "DNA damage baseline drift", which may play a magnified role in mediating repair during cancer treatment. This two new hypothesis would shed new light on targeted cancer therapy, provide a much better or more comprehensive holistic view and also promote the development of new research direction and new overcoming strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Huang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping-Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Biology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, AMMS, Beijing, China.
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Ren B, Liu H, Yang Y, Lian Y. Effect of BRAF-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway on biological characteristics and chemosensitivity of NSCLC A549/DDP cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:584. [PMID: 34122635 PMCID: PMC8190768 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the biological characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and the mechanism of chemosensitivity through the role of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway mediated by BRAF gene silencing. Following cell transfection and grouping, an MTT assay detected the activity of NSCLC cells, a scratch wound test assessed the migration ability, flow cytometry using PI staining detected the cell cycle phase, TUNEL and flow cytometry through Annexin V-PI staining assessed the apoptosis, and colony formation was used to detect the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to cisplatin chemotherapy. Furthermore, the relative expression levels of BRAF, PTEN, PI3K, mTOR mRNA were assessed by RT-qPCR, and the protein expression levels of BRAF, PTEN, PI3K, phosphorylated (p)-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, p-mTOR, cisplatin resistance-related enzymes ERCC1 and BRCA1, apoptotic proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were assessed by western blotting. Compared with the control group and NC group, there were differences in decreased BRAF mRNA expression levels in the small interfering (si)BRAF group and siBRAF + IGF-1 group (both P<0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, the siBRAF, NVP-BEZ235 and siBRAF + NVP-BEZ235 groups had significant decreased cell viability at 2–6 days, decreased migration ability, shortened proportion of S-phase cells, increased proportion of G1/G0-phase cells, increased apoptosis rate, decreased number of colony-forming cells, decreased mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt and mTOR, increased PTEN mRNA expression, decreased protein expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, p-mTOR, ERCC1, BRCA1 and Bcl-2, and increased protein expression levels of PTEN and Bax (all P<0.05); and more obvious trends were revealed in the siBRAF + NVP-BEZ235 group (all P<0.05); whereas opposite results were detected in the siBRAF + IGF-1 group when compared with the siBRAF group and NVP-BEZ235 group (all P<0.05). Silencing of BRAF gene expression to inhibit the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway exerted a synergistic effect decreasing cell viability, inhibiting the cell cycle and migration, increasing the apoptosis rate, decreasing the number of colony-forming cells and increasing chemosensitivity of NSCLC. Activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway may reverse the role of silencing of BRAF gene expression, providing a potential approach for improving the chemosensitivity of NSCLC. The present study for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, clarified the possible mechanism of NSCLC cell biological characteristic changes and chemosensitivity from the perspective of BRAF gene silencing and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway activation, providing a potential reference for suppressing tumor aggravation and improving the therapeutic outcomes of NSCLC at the genetic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050053, P.R. China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050053, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050053, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Lian
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050053, P.R. China
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IJff M, van Bochove GGW, Whitton D, Winiarczyk R, Honhoff C, Rodermond H, Crezee J, Stalpers LJA, Franken NAP, Oei AL. PARP1-Inhibition Sensitizes Cervical Cancer Cell Lines for Chemoradiation and Thermoradiation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092092. [PMID: 33926008 PMCID: PMC8123631 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Five-year survival rates from patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) are between 40% and 60%. These patients are usually treated with chemoradiation or radiotherapy in combination with hyperthermia (thermoradiation). The aim of our study was to enhance chemoradiation or thermoradiation by adding PARP1-inhibition to these conventional therapies. To study this, different cervical cancer cell lines were used to measure cell reproductive death and analyze DNA double strand breaks and cell death. By looking into the surviving fractions and DNA double strand breaks, our results suggest that PARP1-i sensitizes cervical cancer cells for the conventional therapies. The results of the live cell imaging suggest that effects are solely additive. Abstract Radiotherapy plus cisplatin (chemoradiation) is standard treatment for women with locoregionally advanced cervical cancer. Both radiotherapy and cisplatin induce DNA single and double-strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs). These double-strand breaks can be repaired via two major DNA repair pathways: Classical Non-Homologous End-Joining (cNHEJ) and Homologous Recombination. Besides inducing DNA breaks, cisplatin also disrupts the cNHEJ pathway. Patients contra-indicated for cisplatin are treated with radiotherapy plus hyperthermia (thermoradiation). Hyperthermia inhibits the HR pathway. The aim of our study is to enhance chemoradiation or thermoradiation by adding PARP1-inhibition, which disrupts both the SSB repair and the Alternative NHEJ DSB repair pathway. This was studied in cervical cancer cell lines (SiHa, HeLa, C33A and CaSki) treated with hyperthermia (42 °C) ± ionizing radiation (2–6 Gy) ± cisplatin (0.3–0.5 µM) ± PARP1-inhibitor (olaparib, 4.0–5.0 µM). Clonogenic assays were performed to measure cell reproductive death. DSBs were analyzed by γ-H2AX staining and cell death by live cell imaging. Both chemoradiation and thermoradiation resulted in lower survival fractions and increased unrepaired DSBs when combined with a PARP1-inhibitor. A quadruple modality, including ionizing radiation, hyperthermia, cisplatin and PARP1-i, was not more effective than either triple modality. However, both chemoradiation and thermoradiation benefit significantly from additional treatment with PARP1-i.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes IJff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.I.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (D.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.); (H.R.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Gregor G. W. van Bochove
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.I.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (D.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.); (H.R.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
| | - Denise Whitton
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.I.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (D.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.); (H.R.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
| | - Roy Winiarczyk
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.I.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (D.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.); (H.R.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
| | - Celina Honhoff
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.I.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (D.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.); (H.R.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
| | - Hans Rodermond
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.I.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (D.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.); (H.R.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Johannes Crezee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Lukas J. A. Stalpers
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.I.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (D.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.); (H.R.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Nicolaas A. P. Franken
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.I.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (D.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.); (H.R.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Arlene L. Oei
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology (LEXOR), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.I.); (G.G.W.v.B.); (D.W.); (R.W.); (C.H.); (H.R.); (L.J.A.S.); (N.A.P.F.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-205-663-641
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8
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Datta NR, Kok HP, Crezee H, Gaipl US, Bodis S. Integrating Loco-Regional Hyperthermia Into the Current Oncology Practice: SWOT and TOWS Analyses. Front Oncol 2020; 10:819. [PMID: 32596144 PMCID: PMC7303270 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Moderate hyperthermia at temperatures between 40 and 44°C is a multifaceted therapeutic modality. It is a potent radiosensitizer, interacts favorably with a host of chemotherapeutic agents, and, in combination with radiotherapy, enforces immunomodulation akin to “in situ tumor vaccination.” By sensitizing hypoxic tumor cells and inhibiting repair of radiotherapy-induced DNA damage, the properties of hyperthermia delivered together with photons might provide a tumor-selective therapeutic advantage analogous to high linear energy transfer (LET) neutrons, but with less normal tissue toxicity. Furthermore, the high LET attributes of hyperthermia thermoradiobiologically are likely to enhance low LET protons; thus, proton thermoradiotherapy would mimic 12C ion therapy. Hyperthermia with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy substantially improves therapeutic outcomes without enhancing normal tissue morbidities, yielding level I evidence reported in several randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses for various tumor sites. Technological advancements in hyperthermia delivery, advancements in hyperthermia treatment planning, online invasive and non-invasive MR-guided thermometry, and adherence to quality assurance guidelines have ensured safe and effective delivery of hyperthermia to the target region. Novel biological modeling permits integration of hyperthermia and radiotherapy treatment plans. Further, hyperthermia along with immune checkpoint inhibitors and DNA damage repair inhibitors could further augment the therapeutic efficacy resulting in synthetic lethality. Additionally, hyperthermia induced by magnetic nanoparticles coupled to selective payloads, namely, tumor-specific radiotheranostics (for both tumor imaging and radionuclide therapy), chemotherapeutic drugs, immunotherapeutic agents, and gene silencing, could provide a comprehensive tumor-specific theranostic modality akin to “magic (nano)bullets.” To get a realistic overview of the strength (S), weakness (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T) of hyperthermia, a SWOT analysis has been undertaken. Additionally, a TOWS analysis categorizes future strategies to facilitate further integration of hyperthermia with the current treatment modalities. These could gainfully accomplish a safe, versatile, and cost-effective enhancement of the existing therapeutic armamentarium to improve outcomes in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy R Datta
- Centre for Radiation Oncology KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - H Petra Kok
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hans Crezee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Bodis
- Centre for Radiation Oncology KSA-KSB, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
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9
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Reprogramming of Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Chronic Peritoneal Diseases by Estrogen Receptor Modulation and TGF-β1 Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114158. [PMID: 32532126 PMCID: PMC7312018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic peritoneal diseases, mesothelial-mesenchymal transition is determined by cues from the extracellular environment rather than just the cellular genome. The transformation of peritoneal mesothelial cells and other host cells into myofibroblasts is mediated by cell membrane receptors, Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1), Src and Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). This article provides a narrative review of the reprogramming of mesothelial mesenchymal transition in chronic peritoneal diseases, drawing on the similarities in pathophysiology between encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and peritoneal metastasis, with a particular focus on TGF-β1 signaling and estrogen receptor modulators. Estrogen receptors act at the cell membrane/cytosol as tyrosine kinases that can phosphorylate Src, in a similar way to other receptor tyrosine kinases; or can activate the estrogen response element via nuclear translocation. Tamoxifen can modulate estrogen membrane receptors, and has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MMT), peritoneal mesothelial cell migration, stromal fibrosis, and neoangiogenesis in the treatment of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis, with a known side effect and safety profile. The ability of tamoxifen to inhibit the transduction pathways of TGF-β1 and HIF and achieve a quiescent peritoneal stroma makes it a potential candidate for use in cancer treatments. This is relevant to tumors that spread to the peritoneum, particularly those with mesenchymal phenotypes, such as colorectal CMS4 and MSS/EMT gastric cancers, and pancreatic cancer with its desmoplastic stroma. Morphological changes observed during mesothelial mesenchymal transition can be treated with estrogen receptor modulation and TGF-β1 inhibition, which may enable the regression of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis and peritoneal metastasis.
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10
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A moderate thermal dose is sufficient for effective free and TSL based thermochemotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 163-164:145-156. [PMID: 32247801 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermia, i.e. heating the tumor to a temperature of 40-43 °C is considered by many a valuable treatment to sensitize tumor cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In recent randomized trials the great potential of adding hyperthermia to chemotherapy was demonstrated for treatment of high risk soft tissue sarcoma: +11.4% 5 yrs. overall survival (OS) and for ovarian cancer with peritoneal involvement nearly +12 months OS gain. As a result interest in combining chemotherapy with hyperthermia, i.e. thermochemotherapy, is growing. Extensive biological research has revealed that hyperthermia causes multiple effects, from direct cell kill to improved oxygenation, whereby each effect has a specific temperature range. Thermal sensitization of the tumor cell for chemotherapy occurs for many drugs at temperatures ranging from 40 to 42 °C with little additional increase of sensitization at higher temperatures. Increasing perfusion/oxygenation and increased extravasation are two other important hyperthermia induced mechanisms. The combination of free drug and hyperthermia has not been found to increase tumor drug concentration. Hence, enhanced effectiveness of free drug will depend on the thermal sensitization of the tumor cells for the applied drug. In contrast to free drugs, experimental animal studies combining hyperthermia and thermo-sensitive liposomal (TSL) drugs delivery have demonstrated to result in a substantial increase of the drug concentration in the tumor. For TSL based chemotherapy, hyperthermia is critical to both increase perfusion and extravasation as well as to trigger TSL drug release, whereby the temperature controlled induction of a local high drug concentration in a highly permeable vessel is driving the enhanced drug uptake in the tumor. Increased drug concentrations up to 26 times have been reported in rodents. Good control of the tissue temperature is required to keep temperatures below 43 °C to prevent vascular stasis. Further, careful timing of the drug application relative to the start of heating is required to benefit optimal from the combined treatment. From the available experimental data it follows that irrespective whether chemotherapy is applied as free drug or using a thermal sensitive liposomal carrier, the optimal thermal dose for thermochemotherapy should be 40-42 °C for 30-60 min, i.e. equivalent to a CEM43 of 1-15 min. Timing is critical: most free drug should be applied simultaneous with heating, whereas TSL drugs should be applied 20-30 min after the start of hyperthermia.
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11
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Babu T, Sarkar A, Karmakar S, Schmidt C, Gibson D. Multiaction Pt(IV) Carbamate Complexes Can Codeliver Pt(II) Drugs and Amine Containing Bioactive Molecules. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5182-5193. [PMID: 32207294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiaction Pt(IV) prodrugs can overcome resistance associated with the FDA approved Pt(II) drugs like cisplatin. Intracellular reduction of the octahedral Pt(IV) derivatives of cisplatin releases cisplatin and the two axial ligands. When the released axial ligands act synergistically with cisplatin to kill the cancer cells, we have multiaction prodrugs. Most Pt(IV) multiaction prodrugs have bioactive ligands possessing a carboxylate that is conjugated to the Pt(IV) because breaking the Pt(IV)-ligand bond releases the active moiety. As many drugs that act synergistically with cisplatin do not have carboxylates, a major challenge is to prepare multiaction Pt(IV) complexes with drugs that have amino groups or hydroxyl groups such that following reduction, the drugs are released in their active form. Our objective was to prepare multiaction Pt(IV) prodrugs that release bioactive molecules having amino groups. Because we cannot conjugate amino groups to the axial position of Pt(IV), we developed a novel and efficient approach for the synthesis of Pt(IV)-carbamato complexes and demonstrated that following reduction of the Pt(IV), the released carbamates undergo rapid decarboxylation, releasing the free amine, as in the case of the PARP-1 inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide and the amino derivative of the HDAC inhibitor SAHA. Pt(IV)-carbamato complexes are stable in cell culture medium and are reduced by ascorbate. They are reduced slower than their carboxylato and carbonato analogues. We believe that this approach paves the way for preparing novel classes of multiaction Pt(IV) prodrugs with amino containing bioactive molecules that up to now were not accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dan Gibson
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
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12
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Dunne M, Regenold M, Allen C. Hyperthermia can alter tumor physiology and improve chemo- and radio-therapy efficacy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 163-164:98-124. [PMID: 32681862 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermia has demonstrated clinical success in improving the efficacy of both chemo- and radio-therapy in solid tumors. Pre-clinical and clinical research studies have demonstrated that targeted hyperthermia can increase tumor blood flow and increase the perfused fraction of the tumor in a temperature and time dependent manner. Changes in tumor blood circulation can produce significant physiological changes including enhanced vascular permeability, increased oxygenation, decreased interstitial fluid pressure, and reestablishment of normal physiological pH conditions. These alterations in tumor physiology can positively impact both small molecule and nanomedicine chemotherapy accumulation and distribution within the tumor, as well as the fraction of the tumor susceptible to radiation therapy. Hyperthermia can trigger drug release from thermosensitive formulations and further improve the accumulation, distribution, and efficacy of chemotherapy.
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13
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Oei A, Kok H, Oei S, Horsman M, Stalpers L, Franken N, Crezee J. Molecular and biological rationale of hyperthermia as radio- and chemosensitizer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 163-164:84-97. [PMID: 31982475 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mild hyperthermia, local heating of the tumour up to temperatures <43 °C, has been clinically applied for almost four decades and has been proven to substantially enhance the effectiveness of both radiotherapy and chemotherapy in treatment of primary and recurrent tumours. Clinical results and mechanisms of action are discussed in this review, including the molecular and biological rationale of hyperthermia as radio- and chemosensitizer as established in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Proven mechanisms include inhibition of different DNA repair processes, (in)direct reduction of the hypoxic tumour cell fraction, enhanced drug uptake, increased perfusion and oxygen levels. All mechanisms show different dose effect relationships and different optimal scheduling with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Therefore, obtaining the ideal multi-modality treatment still requires elucidation of more detailed data on dose, sequence, duration, and possible synergisms between modalities. A multidisciplinary approach with different modalities including hyperthermia might further increase anti-tumour effects and diminish normal tissue damage.
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14
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Lai GM, Zheng YM, Chow JM, Chang CL. Successfully overcoming carboplatin hypersensitivity by continuous 48-h infusion of cisplatin plus poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor for heavily pretreated recurrent ovarian cancer. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_16_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Fluzoparib increases radiation sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells without BRCA1/2 mutation, a novel PARP1 inhibitor undergoing clinical trials. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 146:721-737. [PMID: 31786739 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03097-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PROPOSE Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitors were originally investigated as anti-cancer therapeutics with BRCA1/2 genes mutation. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of a novel PARP1 inhibitor fluzoparib, for enhancing the radiation sensitivity of NSCLC cells lacking BRCA1/2 mutation. METHODS We used MTS assays, western blotting, colony formation assays, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry to evaluate the radiosensitization of NSCLC cells to fluzoparib and explore the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Through BRCA1 and RAD50 genes knockdown, we established dysfunctional homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway models in NSCLC cells. We next investigated the radiosensitization effect of fluzoparib in vivo using human NSCLC xenograft models in mice. The expression of PARP1 and BRCA1 in human NSCLC tumor samples was measured by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we sequenced HR-related gene mutations and analyzed their frequencies in advanced NSCLC. RESULTS In vitro experiments in NSCLC cell lines along with in vivo experiments using an NSCLC xenograft mouse model demonstrated the radiosensitization effect of fluzoparib. The underlying mechanisms involved increased apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, enhanced irradiation-induced DNA damage, and delayed DNA-damage repair. Immunohistochemical staining showed no correlation between the expression of PARP1 and BRCA1. Moreover, our sequencing results revealed high mutation frequencies for the BRCA1/2, CHEK2, ATR, and RAD50 genes. CONCLUSION The potential therapeutic value of fluzoparib for increasing the radiation sensitivity of NSCLC is well confirmed. Moreover, our findings of high mutation frequencies among HR genes suggest that PARP1 inhibition may be an effective treatment strategy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.
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16
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Xu Z, Li C, Zhou Q, Deng Z, Tong Z, Tse MK, Zhu G. Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Mechanistic Investigation of Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complexes Conjugated with Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16279-16291. [PMID: 31738050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many clinical trials using combinations of platinum drugs and PARP-1 inhibitors (PARPi) have been carried out, with the hope that such combinations will lead to enhanced therapeutic outcomes against tumors. Herein, we obtained seven potential PARPi with structural diversity and then conjugated them with cisplatin-based platinum(IV) complexes. Both the synthesized PARPi ligands and PARPi-Pt conjugates [PARPi-Pt(IV)] show inhibitory effects against PARP-1's catalytic activity. The PARPi-Pt(IV) conjugates are cytotoxic in a panel of human cancer cell lines, and the leading ones display the ability to overcome cisplatin resistance. A mechanistic investigation reveals that the representative PARPi-Pt(IV) conjugates efficiently enter cells, bind to genomic DNA, disturb cell cycle distribution, and induce apoptotic cell death in both cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cells. Our study provides a strategy to improve the cytotoxicity of platinum(IV)-based anticancer complexes and overcome cisplatin resistance by using a small-molecule anticancer complex that simultaneously damages DNA and inhibits PARP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoufeng Xu
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqin Deng
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Tong
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Kit Tse
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Hong Kong SAR 999077 , People's Republic of China.,City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen 518057 , People's Republic of China
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17
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Son B, Jeon J, Lee S, Kim H, Kang H, Youn H, Jo S, Youn B. Radiotherapy in combination with hyperthermia suppresses lung cancer progression via increased NR4A3 and KLF11 expression. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1696-1707. [PMID: 31498019 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1665213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Hyperthermia (HT), a clinical treatment involving delivery of heat to tumors, has been used in combination with traditional chemotherapy and radiotherapy to enhance their effects. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the high efficacy of combination therapy is not clear. This study was conducted to identify the molecular mechanism underlying the sensitization of lung cancer to radiotherapy by HT.Materials and methods: Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3 (NR4A3) and Krüppel-like factor 11 (KLF11) expression in non-small-cell lung cancer cells was confirmed by performing real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed via a colony-forming assay and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining.Results and conclusions: Expression profile analysis revealed elevated levels of NR4A3 and KLF11 in A549 lung cancer cells after treatment with HT combined with radiation. We also confirmed that NR4A3 and KLF11 induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation by elevating intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Knockdown of NR4A3 or KLF11 using siRNA led to decreased effects of radiohyperthermia. Finally, the effect of these two factors on lung cancer progression was evaluated by in vivo xenograft studies. Taken together, the results suggest that NR4A3 and KLF11 are critical for increasing the efficacy of radiotherapy in combination with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomseok Son
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Jeon
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Jo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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18
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Przybycinski J, Nalewajska M, Marchelek-Mysliwiec M, Dziedziejko V, Pawlik A. Poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs) as a therapeutic target in the treatment of selected cancers. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:773-785. [PMID: 31394942 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1654458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The implementation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for therapy has created potential treatments for a wide spectrum of malignancies involving DNA damage repair gene abnormalities. PARPs are a group of enzymes that are responsible for detecting and repairing DNA damage and therefore play a key role in maintaining cell function and integrity. PARP inhibitors are drugs that target DNA repair deficiencies. Inhibiting PARP activity in cancer cells causes cell death. Areas covered: This review summarizes the role of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. We performed a systematic literature search in February 2019 in the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE. Our search terms were the following: PARP, PARP inhibitors, PARPi, Poly ADP ribose polymerase, cancer treatment. We discuss PARP inhibitors currently being investigated in cancer clinical trials, their safety profiles, clinical resistance, combined therapeutic approaches and future challenges. Expert Opinion: The future could bring novel PARP inhibitors with greater DNA trapping potential, better safety profiles and improved combined therapies involving hormonal, chemo-, radio- or immunotherapies. Progress may afford wider indications for PARP inhibitors in the treatment of cancer and the utilization for cancer prevention in high-risk mutation carriers. Research efforts should focus on identifying novel drugs that target DNA repair deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Przybycinski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Magdalena Nalewajska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | | | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
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19
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Toma M, Skorski T, Sliwinski T. DNA Double Strand Break Repair - Related Synthetic Lethality. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1446-1482. [PMID: 29421999 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201114306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with a high degree of diversity between and within tumors. Our limited knowledge of their biology results in ineffective treatment. However, personalized approach may represent a milestone in the field of anticancer therapy. It can increase specificity of treatment against tumor initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) and cancer progenitor cells (CPCs) with minimal effect on normal cells and tissues. Cancerous cells carry multiple genetic and epigenetic aberrations which may disrupt pathways essential for cell survival. Discovery of synthetic lethality has led a new hope of creating effective and personalized antitumor treatment. Synthetic lethality occurs when simultaneous inactivation of two genes or their products causes cell death whereas individual inactivation of either gene is not lethal. The effectiveness of numerous anti-tumor therapies depends on induction of DNA damage therefore tumor cells expressing abnormalities in genes whose products are crucial for DNA repair pathways are promising targets for synthetic lethality. Here, we discuss mechanistic aspects of synthetic lethality in the context of deficiencies in DNA double strand break repair pathways. In addition, we review clinical trials utilizing synthetic lethality interactions and discuss the mechanisms of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Toma
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skorski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 3400 North Broad Street, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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20
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Zhu L, Altman MB, Laszlo A, Straube W, Zoberi I, Hallahan DE, Chen H. Ultrasound Hyperthermia Technology for Radiosensitization. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1025-1043. [PMID: 30773377 PMCID: PMC6475527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermia therapy (HT) raises tissue temperature to 40-45°C for up to 60 min. Hyperthermia is one of the most potent sensitizers of radiation therapy (RT). Ultrasound-mediated HT for radiosensitization has been used clinically since the 1960s. Recently, magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU), which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for thermal ablation therapy, has been adapted for HT. With emerging clinical trials using MRgHIFU HT for radiosensitization, there is a pressing need to review the ultrasound HT technology. The objective of this review is to overview existing HT technology, summarize available ultrasound HT devices, evaluate clinical studies combining ultrasound HT with RT and discuss challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael B Altman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrei Laszlo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Straube
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Imran Zoberi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dennis E Hallahan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.
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21
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Lechtman E, Pignol JP. Interplay between the gold nanoparticle sub-cellular localization, size, and the photon energy for radiosensitization. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13268. [PMID: 29038517 PMCID: PMC5643548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13736-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There are large variations in the reported efficiency of gold nanoparticle (GNP) radiosensitization. We have previously reported on a predictive model, which accounts for the detailed Auger and photoelectron tracks to calculate the cell survival probability. After validating our model using PC-3 cells incubated with 2 mg/ml of 30 nm GNPs and irradiated with 100 kVp or 300 kVp beams, we evaluated the interplay between photon energy, GNP size (1.9 and 100 nm) and sub-cellular localization. Experiments were in excellent agreement with the model. In predictive modeling, using a 100 kVp source and 1.9 nm nanoparticles, GNP localization had a significant impact on cell survival. A sensitizer enhancement ratio of 1.34 was achieved when GNPs were localized outside the cells, increasing to 2.56 when GNPs were also distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Using a 300 kVp source, which emits photons mainly above the gold K-edge, the dependence on GNP localization and size was barely detectable, since long ranged electrons dominate the energy deposition. In summary, achieving intracellular uptake with targeted-GNPs can significantly enhance radiosensitization for photon energies below the gold K-edge, where Auger electrons contribute significantly to the local energy deposition. For higher energies, this is much less important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli Lechtman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Pignol
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiation, Science & Technology, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands.
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22
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van den Tempel N, Odijk H, van Holthe N, Naipal K, Raams A, Eppink B, van Gent DC, Hardillo J, Verduijn GM, Drooger JC, van Rhoon GC, Smedts DHPM, van Doorn HC, Boormans JL, Jager A, Franckena M, Kanaar R. Heat-induced BRCA2 degradation in human tumours provides rationale for hyperthermia-PARP-inhibitor combination therapies. Int J Hyperthermia 2017; 34:407-414. [PMID: 28705099 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2017.1355487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperthermia (40-44 °C) effectively sensitises tumours to radiotherapy by locally altering tumour biology. One of the effects of heat at the cellular level is inhibition of DNA repair by homologous recombination via degradation of the BRCA2-protein. This suggests that hyperthermia can expand the group of patients that benefit from PARP-inhibitors, a drug exploiting homologous recombination deficiency. Here, we explore whether the molecular mechanisms that cause heat-mediated degradation of BRCA2 are conserved in cell lines from various origins and, most importantly, whether, BRCA2 protein levels can be attenuated by heat in freshly biopted human tumours. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cells from four established cell lines and from freshly biopsied material of cervical (15), head- and neck (9) or bladder tumours (27) were heated to 42 °C for 60 min ex vivo. In vivo hyperthermia was studied by taking two biopsies of the same breast or cervical tumour: one before and one after treatment. BRCA2 protein levels were measured by immunoblotting. RESULTS We found decreased BRCA2-levels after hyperthermia in all established cell lines and in 91% of all tumours treated ex vivo. For tumours treated with hyperthermia in vivo, technical issues and intra-tumour heterogeneity prevented obtaining interpretable results. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that heat-mediated degradation of BRCA2 occurs in tumour material directly derived from patients. Although BRCA2-degradation may not be a practical biomarker for heat deposition in situ, it does suggest that application of hyperthermia could be an effective method to expand the patient group that could benefit from PARP-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie van den Tempel
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Hanny Odijk
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Netteke van Holthe
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Kishan Naipal
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Anja Raams
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Berina Eppink
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Dik C van Gent
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jose Hardillo
- c Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery , Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Gerda M Verduijn
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Drooger
- d Department of Medical Oncology , Ikazia Hospital , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Gerard C van Rhoon
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Dineke H P M Smedts
- e Department of Gynaecological Oncology , Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Helena C van Doorn
- e Department of Gynaecological Oncology , Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Joost L Boormans
- f Department of Urology , Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Agnes Jager
- g Department of Medical Oncology , Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Martine Franckena
- b Department of Radiation Oncology , Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Roland Kanaar
- a Department of Molecular Genetics , Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands Erasmus University Medical Centre , Rotterdam , The Netherlands
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