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Liu Z, Huang W, Zhu M, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yu C, Huang H. Mechanism of Robo1 in the pentylenetetrazol-kindled epilepsy mouse model. IBRAIN 2023; 9:369-380. [PMID: 38680506 PMCID: PMC11045194 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The neural network hypothesis is one of the important pathogenesis of drug-resistant epilepsy. Axons guide molecules through synaptic remodeling and brain tissue remodeling, which may result in the formation of abnormal neural networks. Therefore, axon guidance plays a crucial role in disease progression. However, although Robo1 is one of the important components of axon guidance, the role of Robo1 in epilepsy remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of Robo1 in epilepsy. Male adult C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with pentylenetetrazol to establish an epilepsy model. Lentivirus (LV) was given via intracranial injection 2 weeks before pentylenetetrazol injection. Different expressions of Robo1 between the control group, LV-mediated Robo1 short hairpin RNA group, empty vector control LV group, and normal saline group were analyzed using Western blot, immunofluorescence staining, Golgi staining, and video monitoring. Robo1 was increased in the hippocampus in the pentylenetetrazol-induced epilepsy mouse model; lentiviral Robo1 knockdown prolonged the latency of seizure and reduced the seizure grade in mice and resulted in a decrease in dendritic spine density, while the number of mature dendritic spines was maintained. We speculate that Robo1 has been implicated in the development and progression of epilepsy through its effects on dendritic spine morphology and density. Epileptic mice with Robo1 knockdown virus intervention had lower seizure grade and longer latency. Follow-up findings suggest that Robo1 may modulate seizures by affecting dendritic spine density and morphology. Downregulation of Robo1 may negatively regulate epileptogenesis by decreasing the density of dendritic spines and maintaining a greater number of mature dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Man‐Min Zhu
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zhong‐Xiang Xu
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Zu‐Cai Xu
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Chang‐Yin Yu
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of NeurologyAffiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiChina
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Garcia-Gil M, Camici M, Allegrini S, Pesi R, Tozzi MG. Metabolic Aspects of Adenosine Functions in the Brain. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672182. [PMID: 34054547 PMCID: PMC8160517 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine, acting both through G-protein coupled adenosine receptors and intracellularly, plays a complex role in multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes by modulating neuronal plasticity, astrocytic activity, learning and memory, motor function, feeding, control of sleep and aging. Adenosine is involved in stroke, epilepsy and neurodegenerative pathologies. Extracellular concentration of adenosine in the brain is tightly regulated. Adenosine may be generated intracellularly in the central nervous system from degradation of AMP or from the hydrolysis of S-adenosyl homocysteine, and then exit via bi-directional nucleoside transporters, or extracellularly by the metabolism of released nucleotides. Inactivation of extracellular adenosine occurs by transport into neurons or neighboring cells, followed by either phosphorylation to AMP by adenosine kinase or deamination to inosine by adenosine deaminase. Modulation of the nucleoside transporters or of the enzymatic activities involved in the metabolism of adenosine, by affecting the levels of this nucleoside and the activity of adenosine receptors, could have a role in the onset or the development of central nervous system disorders, and can also be target of drugs for their treatment. In this review, we focus on the contribution of 5'-nucleotidases, adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, AMP deaminase, AMP-activated protein kinase and nucleoside transporters in epilepsy, cognition, and neurodegenerative diseases with a particular attention on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington's disease. We include several examples of the involvement of components of the adenosine metabolism in learning and of the possible use of modulators of enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism or nucleoside transporters in the amelioration of cognition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gil
- Department of Biology, Unit of Physiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marcella Camici
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Allegrini
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rossana Pesi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Tozzi
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Huo D, Sun L, Sun J, Zhang L, Liu S, Su F, Yang H. Sea cucumbers in a high temperature and low dissolved oxygen world: Roles of miRNAs in the regulation of environmental stresses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115509. [PMID: 33038634 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The exacerbation of global warming has driven changes in environmental factors, including water temperature and oxygen concentration. The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, an economically important aquatic animal, is constantly and directly challenged by heat and hypoxia. In this study, 12 small RNA libraries were constructed for this species, and a total of 21, 26 and 22 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were clarified in A. japonicus under thermal (26 °C), hypoxic (2 mg/L) and the combined stresses. Comparative miRNA sequencing analysis and real-time PCR were used to identify and validate the representative miRNAs, including Aja-miR-novel-299, Aja-let-7b-3p, Aja-miR-71b-5p, Aja-miR-novel-13218 and Aja-miR-2004 in response to high temperature, and Aja-miR-92b-3p, Aja-miR-210-5p and Aja-miR-novel-26331 in response to oxygen limitation. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the potential target genes of DE-miRNAs involved in biosynthesis, metabolism, immunity, cell growth and death, translation and signaling transduction. Key DE-miRNAs with potentially targeted genes associated with heat shock and hypoxia response were also determined. These results may help explaining the role of miRNA regulation in stress resistance, as well as the potential molecular regulation mechanism of the echinoderm A. japonicus in the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lina Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jingchun Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Qingdao, 266071, China; The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Central China Division), Wuhan, 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Zhou X, Chen Q, Huang H, Zhang J, Wang J, Chen Y, Peng Y, Zhang H, Zeng J, Feng Z, Xu Z. Inhibition of p38 MAPK regulates epileptic severity by decreasing expression levels of A1R and ENT1. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5348-5357. [PMID: 33174009 PMCID: PMC7647013 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic nervous system disease. Excessive increase of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the body results in an imbalance of neurotransmitters and excessive excitation of neurons, leading to epileptic seizures. Long‑term recurrent seizures lead to behavior and cognitive changes, and even increase the risk of death by 2‑ to 3‑fold relative to the general population. Adenosine A1 receptor (A1R), a member of the adenosine system, has notable anticonvulsant effects, and adenosine levels are controlled by the type 1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT1); in addition the p38 MAPK signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of ENT1, although the effect of its inhibitors on the expression levels of A1R and ENT1 is unclear. Therefore, in the present study, SB203580 was used to inhibit the p38 MAPK signaling pathway in rats, and the expression levels of A1R and ENT1 in the brain tissue of rats with acute LiCl‑pilocarpine‑induced status epilepticus was detected. SB203580 decreased pathological damage of hippocampal neurons, prolonged seizure latency, reduced the frequency of seizures, and decreased levels of A1R and ENT1 protein in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Prevention and Health Care, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Ya Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zeng
- Department of Physiology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Zhanhui Feng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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He Z, Deng W, Jiang B, Liu S, Tang M, Liu Y, Zhang J. Hsa-let-7b inhibits cell proliferation by targeting PLK1 in HCC. Gene 2018; 673:46-55. [PMID: 29913237 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that high levels of PLK1 are expressed in HCC, and PLK1 inhibitors are being tested in clinical trials. However, the mechanisms, which regulate PLK1 expression in HCC, have not been clarified. Here, we show that induction of let-7b over-expression inhibits the PLK1-regulated luciferase activity in HEK-293T cells, and decreases the levels of PLK1 expression in HCC cells. Furthermore, the levels of let-7b expression were negatively correlated with PLK1 expression in HCC tissues. Let-7b over-expression inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells and promoted their apoptosis, which were partially rescued by increased PLK1 expression. Let-7b over-expression decreased the levels of PLK1, CDC25C and Survivin phosphorylation and CDC2, β-catenin, TCF-4 expression, which were mitigated by increased PLK1 expression in MHCC-97H cells. Let-7b over-expression inhibited the development and growth of implanted HCC tumors in mice by decreasing PLK1 and Survivin expression in the tumors. Together, our data indicated that let-7b targeted PLK1 to inhibit HCC growth and induce their apoptosis by attenuating the PLK1-mediated Survivin phosphorylation. Our findings may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Molecular Oncology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchun Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, People's Republic of China.
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