1
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Abedi Kichi Z, Dini N, Rojhannezhad M, Shirvani Farsani Z. Noncoding RNAs in B cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma. Gene 2024; 917:148480. [PMID: 38636814 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphomas (BCNHLs) are a category of B-cell cancers that show heterogeneity. These blood disorders are derived from different levels of B-cell maturity. Among NHL cases, ∼80-90 % are derived from B-cells. Recent studies have demonstrated that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) contribute to almost all parts of mechanisms and are essential in tumorigenesis, including B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphomas. The study of ncRNA dysregulations in B-cell lymphoma unravels important mysteries in lymphoma's molecular etiology. It seems also necessary for discovering novel trials as well as investigating the potential of ncRNAs as markers for their diagnosis and prognosis. In the current study, we summarize the role of ncRNAs involving miRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, as well as circular RNAs in the development or progression of BCNHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Abedi Kichi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Germany
| | - Niloofar Dini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbubeh Rojhannezhad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Zeinab Shirvani Farsani
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Elimam H, Alhamshry NAA, Hatawsh A, Elfar N, Moussa R, Radwan AF, Abd-Elmawla MA, Elkashlan AM, Zaki MB, Abdel-Reheim MA, Mohammed OA, Doghish AS. Natural products and long noncoding RNA signatures in gallbladder cancer: a review focuses on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and drug resistance. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03279-1. [PMID: 39028332 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive and lethal malignancy with a poor prognosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and natural products have emerged as key orchestrators of cancer pathogenesis through widespread dysregulation across GBC transcriptomes. Functional studies have revealed that lncRNAs interact with oncoproteins and tumor suppressors to control proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, stemness, and drug resistance. Curcumin, baicalein, oleanolic acid, shikonin, oxymatrine, arctigenin, liensinine, fangchinoline, and dioscin are a few examples of natural compounds that have demonstrated promising anticancer activities against GBC through the regulation of important signaling pathways. The lncRNAs, i.e., SNHG6, Linc00261, GALM, OIP5-AS1, FOXD2-AS1, MINCR, DGCR5, MEG3, GATA6-AS, TUG1, and DILC, are key players in regulating the aforementioned processes. For example, the lncRNAs FOXD2-AS1, DILC, and HOTAIR activate oncogenes such as DNMT1, Wnt/β-catenin, BMI1, and c-Myc, whereas MEG3 and GATA6-AS suppress the tumor proteins NF-κB, EZH2, and miR-421. Clinically, specific lncRNAs can serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers based on overexpression correlating with advanced TNM stage, metastasis, chemoresistance, and poor survival. Therapeutically, targeting aberrant lncRNAs with siRNA or antisense oligos disrupts their oncogenic signaling and inhibits GBC progression. Overall, dysfunctional lncRNA regulatory circuits offer multiple avenues for precision medicine approaches to improve early GBC detection and overcome this deadly cancer. They have the potential to serve as novel biomarkers as they are detectable in bodily fluids and tissues. These findings enhance gallbladder treatments, mitigating resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Elimam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt.
| | - Nora A A Alhamshry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Abdulrahman Hatawsh
- Biotechnology School, 26th of July Corridor, Sheikh Zayed City, Nile University, Giza, 12588, Egypt
| | - Nourhan Elfar
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, 11578, Egypt
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Ministry of Health and Population, Cairo, 11567, Egypt
| | - Rewan Moussa
- Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, 11795, Egypt
| | - Abdullah F Radwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
| | - Mai A Abd-Elmawla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Akram M Elkashlan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Bakr Zaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Ahmed Abdel-Reheim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, 11961, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62521, Egypt.
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, 61922, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11231, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Ghahramani Almanghadim H, Karimi B, Poursalehi N, Sanavandi M, Atefi Pourfardin S, Ghaedi K. The biological role of lncRNAs in the acute lymphocytic leukemia: An updated review. Gene 2024; 898:148074. [PMID: 38104953 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The cause of leukemia, a common malignancy of the hematological system, is unknown. The structure of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is similar to mRNA but no ability to encode proteins. Numerous malignancies, including different forms of leukemia, are linked to Lnc-RNAs. It is verified that the carcinogenesis and growth of a variety of human malignancies are significantly influenced by aberrant lncRNA expression. The body of evidence linking various types of lncRNAs to the etiology of leukemia has dramatically increased during the past ten years. Some lncRNAs are therefore anticipated to function as novel therapeutic targets, diagnostic biomarkers, and clinical outcome predictions. Additionally, these lncRNAs may provide new therapeutic options and insight into the pathophysiology of diseases, particularly leukemia. Thus, this review outlines the present comprehension of leukemia-associated lncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bahareh Karimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Negareh Poursalehi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | | | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Hezar Jerib Ave., Azadi Sq., 81746-73441 Isfahan, Iran.
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4
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Baghdadi H, Heidari R, Zavvar M, Ahmadi N, Shakouri Khomartash M, Vahidi M, Mohammadimehr M, Bashash D, Ghorbani M. Long Non-Coding RNA Signatures in Lymphopoiesis and Lymphoid Malignancies. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:44. [PMID: 37624036 PMCID: PMC10458434 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid cells play a critical role in the immune system, which includes three subgroups of T, B, and NK cells. Recognition of the complexity of the human genetics transcriptome in lymphopoiesis has revolutionized our understanding of the regulatory potential of RNA in normal lymphopoiesis and lymphoid malignancies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules greater than 200 nucleotides in length. LncRNAs have recently attracted much attention due to their critical roles in various biological processes, including gene regulation, chromatin organization, and cell cycle control. LncRNAs can also be used for cell differentiation and cell fate, as their expression patterns are often specific to particular cell types or developmental stages. Additionally, lncRNAs have been implicated in lymphoid differentiation, such as regulating T-cell and B-cell development, and their expression has been linked to immune-associated diseases such as leukemia and lymphoma. In addition, lncRNAs have been investigated as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response to disease management. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the regulatory role of lncRNAs in physiopathology processes during normal lymphopoiesis and lymphoid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Baghdadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran; (H.B.); (M.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Reza Heidari
- Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran;
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran;
| | - Mahdi Zavvar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 443614177, Iran;
| | - Nazanin Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
| | | | - Mahmoud Vahidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran; (H.B.); (M.V.); (M.M.)
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran;
| | - Mojgan Mohammadimehr
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran; (H.B.); (M.V.); (M.M.)
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran;
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran;
| | - Mahdi Ghorbani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran; (H.B.); (M.V.); (M.M.)
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411718541, Iran;
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5
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Tao S, Chen Y, Hu M, Xu L, Fu CB, Hao XB. LncRNA PVT1 facilitates DLBCL development via miR-34b-5p/Foxp1 pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:951-963. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04335-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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6
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Dissecting the Biological Relevance and Clinical Impact of lncRNA MIAT in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215518. [PMID: 34771679 PMCID: PMC8583301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The interest in the biological role and clinical impact of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in multiple myeloma (MM) is continuously expanding. Many studies, mainly involving solid tumors, have strongly suggested the MIAT oncogenic role; more recently, it has been suggested that MIAT may have a role in inducing Bortezomib resistance in MM. However, data concerning MIAT deregulation in MM are virtually absent. In this context, we investigated the expression pattern and the clinical relevance of the lncRNA MIAT in MM, taking advantage of the publicly available CoMMpass database. Our findings prompt further studies to elucidate better the significance of MIAT in MM. Abstract The biological impact of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in multiple myeloma (MM) is becoming an essential aspect of the investigation, which may contribute to understanding the disease’s complex pathobiology, providing novel potential therapeutic targets. Herein, we investigated the expression pattern and the clinical relevance of the lncRNA MIAT in MM, taking advantage of the publicly available CoMMpass database. MIAT expression in MM is highly heterogeneous and significantly associated with specific molecular lesions frequently occurring in MM. Transcriptome analyses of MM PCs from patients included in the CoMMpass database indicated a potential involvement of MIAT in different signaling pathways and ribosome biogenesis and assembly. These findings suggest that MIAT deregulation may play a pathogenetic role in MM by affecting both proliferation pathways and, indirectly, the translational process. Although MIAT expression levels seem not to be significantly associated with clinical outcome in multivariate analyses, high MIAT expression levels are associated with bortezomib resistance, this suggesting that MIAT targeting could overcome drug resistance in MM. These findings strongly prompt for further studies investigating the significance of MIAT in MM.
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7
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Attaway M, Chwat-Edelstein T, Vuong BQ. Regulatory Non-Coding RNAs Modulate Transcriptional Activation During B Cell Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:678084. [PMID: 34721515 PMCID: PMC8551670 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.678084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells play a significant role in the adaptive immune response by secreting immunoglobulins that can recognize and neutralize foreign antigens. They develop from hematopoietic stem cells, which also give rise to other types of blood cells, such as monocytes, neutrophils, and T cells, wherein specific transcriptional programs define the commitment and subsequent development of these different cell lineages. A number of transcription factors, such as PU.1, E2A, Pax5, and FOXO1, drive B cell development. Mounting evidence demonstrates that non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), modulate the expression of these transcription factors directly by binding to the mRNA coding for the transcription factor or indirectly by modifying cellular pathways that promote expression of the transcription factor. Conversely, these transcription factors upregulate expression of some miRNAs and lncRNAs to determine cell fate decisions. These studies underscore the complex gene regulatory networks that control B cell development during hematopoiesis and identify new regulatory RNAs that require additional investigation. In this review, we highlight miRNAs and lncRNAs that modulate the expression and activity of transcriptional regulators of B lymphopoiesis and how they mediate this regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Attaway
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tzippora Chwat-Edelstein
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States.,Macaulay Honors College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bao Q Vuong
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States.,The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
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8
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El-Khazragy N, Abdel Aziz MA, Hesham M, Matbouly S, Mostafa SA, Bakkar A, Abouelnile M, Noufal Y, Mahran NA, Abd Elkhalek MA, Abdelmaksoud MF. Upregulation of leukemia-induced non-coding activator RNA (LUNAR1) predicts poor outcome in pediatric T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152149. [PMID: 34735923 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) accounts for around 10-15% of all lymphoblastic leukemia in children. Previous studies have proven that dysregulation of Leukemia-induced non-coding activator RNA-1 (LUNAR1) expression promotes T-ALL cell growth by enhancing the NOTCH1/IGF-1R signaling pathway. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of LUNAR1 in pediatric T-ALL, in addition, to find out its association with NOTCH1 and IGF-1R. The LUNAR1, NOTCH1, and IGF-IR gene expression were measured in peripheral blood (PB) samples of l85 children with T-ALL and forty non-leukemic samples as a control group. Cox regression analysis revealed that overexpression of LUNAR1, NOTCH1, and IGF-IR was significantly correlated with poor prognosis, short overall survival, and progression-free survival. We concluded that LUNAR1 could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker for T-ALL in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa El-Khazragy
- Department of Clinical Pathology-Hematology and Ain Shams Medical Research Institute (MASRI), Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Manar Hesham
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safa Matbouly
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally Abdallah Mostafa
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Bakkar
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mariam Abouelnile
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yassmin Noufal
- Faculty of Biotechnology, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nievin Ahmed Mahran
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Sinai University, Kanatra, Egypt
| | - Marwa Ali Abd Elkhalek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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9
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Matis S, Rossi M, Brondolo L, Cardillo M, Reverberi D, Massara R, Colombo M, Ibatici A, Angelucci E, Vaisitti T, Bruno S, Fabris S, Neri A, Gentile M, Morabito F, Cutrona G, Briata P, Gherzi R, Fais F. LINC00152 expression in normal and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B cells. Hematol Oncol 2021; 40:40-47. [PMID: 34679195 PMCID: PMC9297877 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Long non‐coding RNAs are emerging as essential regulators of gene expression, but their role in normal and neoplastic B cells is still largely uncharacterized. Here, we report on the expression pattern of the LINC00152 in normal B cells and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B cell clones. Higher LINC00152 levels were consistently observed in memory B cell populations when compared to naïve B cells in the normal tissues analyzed [peripheral blood (PB), tonsils, and spleen]. In addition, independent stimulation via Immunoglobulins (IG), CD40, or Toll‐like Receptor 9 (TLR9) upregulated LINC00152 in PB B cells. The expression of LINC00152 in a cohort of 107 early stage Binet A CLL patients was highly variable and did not correlate with known prognostic markers or clinical evolution. TLR9 stimulation, but not CD40 or IG challenge, was able to upregulate LINC00152 expression in CLL cells. In addition, LINC00152 silencing in CLL cell lines expressing LINC00152 failed to induce significant cell survival or apoptosis changes. These data suggest that, in normal B cells, the expression of LINC00152 is regulated by immunomodulatory signals, which are only partially effective in CLL cells. However, LINC00152 does not appear to contribute to CLL cell expansion and/or survival in a cohort of newly diagnosed CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Matis
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Rossi
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brondolo
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Cardillo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Reverberi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Rosanna Massara
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Monica Colombo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Adalberto Ibatici
- Hematology Unit and Transplant Center, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Angelucci
- Hematology Unit and Transplant Center, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Vaisitti
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bruno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sonia Fabris
- Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS, Hematology Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS, Hematology Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Fortunato Morabito
- Biotechnology Research Unit, AO, Cosenza, Italy.,Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hemato-Oncology Department, Augusta Victoria Hospital, East Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giovanna Cutrona
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Briata
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Gherzi
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Fais
- Molecular Pathology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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10
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Gargya P, Bálint BL. Histological Grade of Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer and Relapse Risk Can Be Predicted with Machine Learning from Gene Expression Data. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4348. [PMID: 34503158 PMCID: PMC8430924 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor grade of endometrioid endometrial cancer is used as an independent marker of prognosis and a key component in clinical decision making. It is reported that between grades 1 and 3, however, the intermediate grade 2 carries limited information; thus, patients with grade 2 tumors are at risk of both under- and overtreatment. We used RNA-sequencing data from the TCGA project and machine learning to develop a model which can correctly classify grade 1 and grade 3 samples. We used the trained model on grade 2 patients to subdivide them into low-risk and high-risk groups. With iterative retraining, we selected the most relevant 12 transcripts to build a simplified model without losing accuracy. Both models had a high AUC of 0.93. In both cases, there was a significant difference in the relapse-free survivals of the newly identified grade 2 subgroups. Both models could identify grade 2 patients that have a higher risk of relapse. Our approach overcomes the subjective components of the histological evaluation. The developed method can be automated to perform a prescreening of the samples before a final decision is made by pathologists. Our translational approach based on machine learning methods could allow for better therapeutic planning for grade 2 endometrial cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bálint László Bálint
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
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11
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Kasprzyk ME, Sura W, Dzikiewicz-Krawczyk A. Enhancing B-Cell Malignancies-On Repurposing Enhancer Activity towards Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3270. [PMID: 34210001 PMCID: PMC8269369 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphomas and leukemias derive from B cells at various stages of maturation and are the 6th most common cancer-related cause of death. While the role of several oncogenes and tumor suppressors in the pathogenesis of B-cell neoplasms was established, recent research indicated the involvement of non-coding, regulatory sequences. Enhancers are DNA elements controlling gene expression in a cell type- and developmental stage-specific manner. They ensure proper differentiation and maturation of B cells, resulting in production of high affinity antibodies. However, the activity of enhancers can be redirected, setting B cells on the path towards cancer. In this review we discuss different mechanisms through which enhancers are exploited in malignant B cells, from the well-studied translocations juxtaposing oncogenes to immunoglobulin loci, through enhancer dysregulation by sequence variants and mutations, to enhancer hijacking by viruses. We also highlight the potential of therapeutic targeting of enhancers as a direction for future investigation.
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12
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Baldini F, Calderoni M, Vergani L, Modesto P, Florio T, Pagano A. An Overview of Long Non-Coding (lnc)RNAs in Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084234. [PMID: 33921816 PMCID: PMC8072620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous developmental tumor occurring in childhood, which arises from the embryonic sympathoadrenal cells of the neural crest. Although the recent progress that has been done on this tumor, the mechanisms involved in NB are still partially unknown. Despite some genetic aberrations having been identified, the sporadic cases represent the majority. Due to its wide heterogeneity in clinical behavior and etiology, NB represents a challenge in terms of prevention and treatment. Since a definitive therapy is lacking so far, there is an urgent necessity to unveil the molecular mechanisms behind NB onset and progression to develop new therapeutic approaches. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides. Whether lncRNAs are destined to become a protein or not, they exert multiple biological functions such as regulating gene expression and functions. In recent decades, different research has highlighted the possible role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. Moreover, lncRNAs may represent potential markers or targets for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This mini-review aimed to briefly summarize the most recent findings on the involvement of some lncRNAs in NB disease by focusing on their mechanisms of action and possible role in unveiling NB onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Matilde Calderoni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences DISTAV, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Paola Modesto
- National Reference Center for Veterinary and Comparative Oncology-Veterinary Medical Research Institute for Piemonte, Liguria and Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy;
| | - Tullio Florio
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Department of Internal Medicine (DIMI), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Aldo Pagano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy; (F.B.); (M.C.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-010-5558213
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13
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Rodriguez PD, Paculova H, Kogut S, Heath J, Schjerven H, Frietze S. Non-Coding RNA Signatures of B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052683. [PMID: 33799946 PMCID: PMC7961854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise a diverse class of non-protein coding transcripts that regulate critical cellular processes associated with cancer. Advances in RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) have led to the characterization of non-coding RNA expression across different types of human cancers. Through comprehensive RNA-Seq profiling, a growing number of studies demonstrate that ncRNAs, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNA), play central roles in progenitor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) pathogenesis. Furthermore, due to their central roles in cellular homeostasis and their potential as biomarkers, the study of ncRNAs continues to provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of B-ALL. This article reviews the ncRNA signatures reported for all B-ALL subtypes, focusing on technological developments in transcriptome profiling and recently discovered examples of ncRNAs with biologic and therapeutic relevance in B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princess D. Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (P.D.R.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Hana Paculova
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (P.D.R.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Sophie Kogut
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (P.D.R.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Jessica Heath
- The University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Hilde Schjerven
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Seth Frietze
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA; (P.D.R.); (H.P.); (S.K.)
- The University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Circulating long non-coding RNAs HOTAIR, Linc-p21, GAS5 and XIST expression profiles in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: association with R-CHOP responsiveness. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2095. [PMID: 33483590 PMCID: PMC7822898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The reliable identification of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)-specific targets owns huge implications for its diagnosis and treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are implicated in DLBCL pathogenesis; however, circulating DLBCL-related lncRNAs are barely investigated. We investigated plasma lncRNAs; HOTAIR, Linc-p21, GAS5 and XIST as biomarkers for DLBCL diagnosis and responsiveness to R-CHOP therapy. Eighty-four DLBCL patients and thirty-three healthy controls were included. Only plasma HOTAIR, XIST and GAS5 were differentially expressed in DLBCL patients compared to controls. Pretreatment plasma HOTAIR was higher, whereas GAS5 was lower in non-responders than responders to R-CHOP. Plasma GAS5 demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy (AUC = 0.97) whereas a panel of HOTAIR + GAS5 superiorly discriminated responders from non-responders by ROC analysis. In multivariate analysis, HOTAIR was an independent predictor of non-response. Among patients, plasma HOTAIR, Linc-p21 and XIST were correlated. Plasma GAS5 negatively correlated with International Prognostic Index, whereas HOTAIR positively correlated with performance status, denoting their prognostic potential. We constructed the lncRNAs-related protein-protein interaction networks linked to drug response via bioinformatics analysis. In conclusion, we introduce plasma HOTAIR, GAS5 and XIST as potential non-invasive diagnostic tools for DLBCL, and pretreatment HOTAIR and GAS5 as candidates for evaluating therapy response, with HOTAIR as a predictor of R-CHOP failure. We provide novel surrogates for future predictive studies in personalized medicine.
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15
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NEAT1 Long Isoform Is Highly Expressed in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Irrespectively of Cytogenetic Groups or Clinical Outcome. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:ncrna6010011. [PMID: 32182990 PMCID: PMC7151605 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological role and therapeutic potential of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are still open questions. Herein, we investigated the significance of the lncRNA NEAT1 in CLL. We examined NEAT1 expression in 310 newly diagnosed Binet A patients, in normal CD19+ B-cells, and other types of B-cell malignancies. Although global NEAT1 expression level was not statistically different in CLL cells compared to normal B cells, the median ratio of NEAT1_2 long isoform and global NEAT1 expression in CLL samples was significantly higher than in other groups. NEAT1_2 was more expressed in patients carrying mutated IGHV genes. Concerning cytogenetic aberrations, NEAT1_2 expression in CLL with trisomy 12 was lower with respect to patients without alterations. Although global NEAT1 expression appeared not to be associated with clinical outcome, patients with the lowest NEAT1_2 expression displayed the shortest time to first treatment; however, a multivariate regression analysis showed that the NEAT1_2 risk model was not independent from other known prognostic factors, particularly the IGHV mutational status. Overall, our data prompt future studies to investigate whether the increased amount of the long NEAT1_2 isoform detected in CLL cells may have a specific role in the pathology of the disease.
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16
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Fragliasso V, Verma A, Manzotti G, Tameni A, Bareja R, Heavican TB, Iqbal J, Wang R, Fiore D, Mularoni V, Chan WC, Lhoumaud P, Skok J, Zanetti E, Merli F, Ciarrocchi A, Elemento O, Inghirami G. The novel lncRNA BlackMamba controls the neoplastic phenotype of ALK - anaplastic large cell lymphoma by regulating the DNA helicase HELLS. Leukemia 2020; 34:2964-2980. [PMID: 32123306 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms leading to the transformation of anaplastic lymphoma kinase negative (ALK-) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) have been only in part elucidated. To identify new culprits which promote and drive ALCL, we performed a total transcriptome sequencing and discovered 1208 previously unknown intergenic long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including 18 lncRNAs preferentially expressed in ALCL. We selected an unknown lncRNA, BlackMamba, with an ALK- ALCL preferential expression, for molecular and functional studies. BlackMamba is a chromatin-associated lncRNA regulated by STAT3 via a canonical transcriptional signaling pathway. Knockdown experiments demonstrated that BlackMamba contributes to the pathogenesis of ALCL regulating cell growth and cell morphology. Mechanistically, BlackMamba interacts with the DNA helicase HELLS controlling its recruitment to the promoter regions of cell-architecture-related genes, fostering their expression. Collectively, these findings provide evidence of a previously unknown tumorigenic role of STAT3 via a lncRNA-DNA helicase axis and reveal an undiscovered role for lncRNA in the maintenance of the neoplastic phenotype of ALK-ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fragliasso
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine & Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.,Tri-Institutional Training Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gloria Manzotti
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tameni
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Rohan Bareja
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine & Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Tayla B Heavican
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Javeed Iqbal
- Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68182, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Danilo Fiore
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Valentina Mularoni
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - Wing C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Priscillia Lhoumaud
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jane Skok
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - Francesco Merli
- Hematology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, 42123, Italy.
| | - Oliver Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine & Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Giorgio Inghirami
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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17
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Novel genes exhibiting DNA methylation alterations in Korean patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a methyl-CpG-binding domain sequencing study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1085. [PMID: 31974418 PMCID: PMC6978354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) exhibits differences between Asians and Caucasians in terms of incidence rate, age at onset, immunophenotype, and genetic profile. We performed genome-wide methylation profiling of CLL in an Asian cohort for the first time. Eight Korean patients without somatic immunoglobulin heavy chain gene hypermutations underwent methyl-CpG-binding domain sequencing (MBD-seq), as did five control subjects. Gene Ontology, pathway analysis, and network-based prioritization of differentially methylated genes were also performed. More regions were hypomethylated (2,062 windows) than were hypermethylated (777 windows). Promoters contained the highest proportion of differentially methylated regions (0.08%), while distal intergenic and intron regions contained the largest number of differentially methylated regions. Protein-coding genes were the most abundant, followed by long noncoding and short noncoding genes. The most significantly over-represented signalling pathways in the differentially methylated gene list included immune/cancer-related pathways and B-cell receptor signalling. Among the top 10 hub genes identified via network-based prioritization, four (UBC, GRB2, CREBBP, and GAB2) had no known relevance to CLL, while the other six (STAT3, PTPN6, SYK, STAT5B, XPO1, and ABL1) have previously been linked to CLL in Caucasians. As such, our analysis identified four novel candidate genes of potential significance to Asian patients with CLL.
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18
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Dharanipragada P, Parekh N. Genome-wide characterization of copy number variations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with implications in targeted therapy. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2019; 2:246-258. [PMID: 35693879 PMCID: PMC8985800 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the aggressive form of haematological malignancies with relapse/refractory in ~ 40% of cases. It mostly develops due to accumulation of various genetic and epigenetic variations that contribute to its aggressiveness. Though large-scale structural alterations have been reported in DLBCL, their functional role in pathogenesis and as potential targets for therapy is not yet well understood. In this study we performed detection and analysis of copy number variations (CNVs) in 11 human DLBCL cell lines (4 activated B-cell–like [ABC] and 7 germinal-centre B-cell–like [GCB]), that serve as model systems for DLBCL cancer cell biology. Significant heterogeneity observed in CNV profiles of these cell lines and poor prognosis associated with ABC subtype indicates the importance of individualized screening for diagnostic and prognostic targets. Functional analysis of key cancer genes exhibiting copy alterations across the cell lines revealed activation/disruption of ten potentially targetable immuno-oncogenic pathways. Genome guided in silico therapy that putatively target these pathways is elucidated. Based on our analysis, five CNV-genes associated with worst survival prognosis are proposed as potential prognostic markers of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanthi Dharanipragada
- Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 032, India
| | - Nita Parekh
- Centre for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 032, India
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19
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Seo D, Kim D, Kim W. Long non-coding RNA linc00152 acting as a promising oncogene in cancer progression. Genomics Inform 2019; 17:e36. [PMID: 31896236 PMCID: PMC6944044 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2019.17.4.e36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rate of cancer continues to gradually increase, although considerable research effort has been directed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying biomarkers responsible for tumorigenesis. Accumulated evidence indicates that the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are transcribed but not translated into functional proteins, contribute to cancer development. Recently, linc00152 (an lncRNA) was identified as a potent oncogene in various cancer types, and shown to be involved in cancer cell proliferation, invasiveness, and motility by sponging tumor-suppressive microRNAs acting as a competing endogenous RNA, binding to gene promoters acting as a transcriptional regulator, and binding to functional proteins. In this review, we focus on the oncogenic role of linc00152 in tumorigenesis and provided an overview of recent clinical studies on the effects of linc00152 expression in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Seo
- Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea
| | - Dain Kim
- Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea
| | - Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Science Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea.,Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea
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20
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Butova R, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Souckova A, Sevcikova S, Hajek R. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Multiple Myeloma. Noncoding RNA 2019; 5:E13. [PMID: 30682861 PMCID: PMC6468639 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematooncological disease of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. While new treatment brought unprecedented increase of survival of patients, MM pathogenesis is yet to be clarified. Increasing evidence of expression of long non-coding RNA molecules (lncRNA) linked to development and progression of many tumors suggested their important role in tumorigenesis. To date, over 15,000 lncRNA molecules characterized by diversity of function and specificity of cell distribution were identified in the human genome. Due to their involvement in proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and differentiation, they have a key role in the biological processes and pathogenesis of many diseases, including MM. This review summarizes current knowledge of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), especially lncRNAs, and their role in MM pathogenesis. Undeniable involvement of lncRNAs in MM development suggests their potential as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romana Butova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Adela Souckova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Sabina Sevcikova
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Hajek
- Department of Hematooncology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine, University Ostrava, 70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
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21
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Do H, Kim W. Roles of Oncogenic Long Non-coding RNAs in Cancer Development. Genomics Inform 2018; 16:e18. [PMID: 30602079 PMCID: PMC6440676 DOI: 10.5808/gi.2018.16.4.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are classified as RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides and cannot be translated into protein. Several studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are directly or indirectly involved in a variety of biological processes and in the regulation of gene expression. In addition, lncRNAs have important roles in many diseases including cancer. It has been shown that abnormal expression of lncRNAs is observed in several human solid tumors. Several studies have shown that many lncRNAs can function as oncogenes in cancer development through the induction of cell cycle progression, cell proliferation and invasion, anti-apoptosis, and metastasis. Oncogenic lncRNAs have the potential to become promising biomarkers and might be potent prognostic targets in cancer therapy. However, the biological and molecular mechanisms of lncRNA involvement in tumorigenesis have not yet been fully elucidated. This review summarizes studies on the regulatory and functional roles of oncogenic lncRNAs in the development and progression of various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunhee Do
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea
| | - Wanyeon Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea
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22
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Long noncoding RNA MIAT regulates apoptosis and the apoptotic response to chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer cell lines. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180704. [PMID: 29914974 PMCID: PMC6435567 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) is involved in a number of diseases, including myocardial infarction and diabetic retinopathy. Emerging evidence suggests that MIAT expression levels are increased in different type of cancers, including breast cancer. In the present study, we further evaluated the role of MIAT in breast cancer and investigated the consequences of its silencing on breast cancer response to chemotherapeutic agents. Expression levels of MIAT mRNA in breast cancer were determined using TissueScan™ Breast Cancer cDNA Arrays. Breast cancer cell lines were transfected with MIAT specific siRNAs, with silencing confirmed using RT-qPCR and the effects on breast cancer cell survival and response to different apoptotic stimuli determined. MIAT transcript levels were significantly elevated in breast cancer samples. Such increase was specific to the early stages of the disease, ER, PR +ve, HER –ve, and triple negative breast cancer samples. Silencing of MIAT induced growth arrest and increased basal apoptosis. Reduced levels of MIAT augmented the apoptotic response of breast cancer cells to a wide range of apoptotic stimuli. Our results also showed that MIAT down-regulation was associated with a decrease in OCT4 mRNA, suggesting the existence of a MIAT/OCT4 regulatory loop, similar to that observed in malignant mature B cells. Taken together with the recent demonstration of oncogene characteristics, our observations suggest that MIAT plays an important role in breast tumorigenesis. Strategies to decrease MIAT expression levels may improve sensitivity to therapy in breast cancer by enhancing the apoptotic responses to conventional chemotherapies.
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23
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A compendium of long non-coding RNAs transcriptional fingerprint in multiple myeloma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6557. [PMID: 29700321 PMCID: PMC5920050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal proliferation of bone marrow plasma cells characterized by highly heterogeneous genetic background and clinical course, whose pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are a large class of non-protein-coding RNA, involved in many physiological cellular and genomic processes as well as in carcinogenesis and tumor evolution. Although still in its infancy, the role of lncRNAs in MM is progressively expanding. Besides studies on selected candidates, lncRNAs expression at genome-wide transcriptome level is confined to microarray technologies, thus investigating a limited collection of transcripts. In the present study investigating a cohort of 30 MM patients, a deep RNA-sequencing analysis overwhelmed previous array studies and allowed the most accurate definition of lncRNA transcripts structure and expression, ultimately providing a comprehensive catalogue of lncRNAs specifically associated with the main MM molecular subgroups and genetic alterations. Despite the small number of analyzed samples, the high accuracy of RNA-sequencing approach for complex transcriptome processing led to the identification of 391 deregulated lncRNAs, 67% of which were also detectable and validated by whole-transcript microarrays. In addition, we identified a list of lncRNAs, with potential relevance in MM, co-expressed and in close proximity to genes that might undergo a cis-regulatory relationship.
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24
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Guo F, Chen YZ, Li L, Chen C, Jin JH, Yang J, Chen JJ, Chen XY, Guo M, Chen YM. Long non-coding RNA XLOC_008466 acts as an oncogenic molecular in cervical cancer tumorigenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 98:88-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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25
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Lan H, Zeng J, Chen G, Huang H. Survival prediction of kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma by comprehensive LncRNA characterization. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110811-110829. [PMID: 29340018 PMCID: PMC5762286 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) accounts for 10%-15% of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), patients with KIRP tend to have a poor prognosis, and there was a lack of effective prognostic indicators for this type of cancer. Currently, owing to the availability of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been discovered to indicate a prognostic value in some tumors. In that regard, we analyzed lncRNA-sequencing data of KIRP in TCGA, and among 780 differentially-expressed lncRNAs, we selected 37 lncRNAs which were able to assist the prognosis. In addition, by using the multivariate cox regression analysis, the prognosis index (PI) that consisted of 7 lncRNAs (including AFAP1-AS1, GAS6-AS1, RP11-1C8.7, RP11-21L19.1, RP11-503C24.1, RP11-536I6.2, and RP11-63A11.1) could predict the progression and outcomes of KIRP with accuracy. More importantly, the PI was considered an independent indicator for prognostication of KIRP. Moreover, having categorized patients with KIRP into cohorts of high risk and low risk, according to the PI, we found that the key genes and pathways varied in these two groups. Overall, these LncRNAs, especially the PI, may be conceived as biomarkers and helpful for determining the different pathological stages for KIRP patients. However, their biological functions need to be further confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Lan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianghui Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University/The Second People's Hospital of the City of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Huayi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
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