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Liu N, Wang S, Li M, Zhao N, Wang D, Zhang R, Yu M, Zhao L, Zhang S, Han F, Zhao Y, Liu Q. BET degrader exhibits lower antiproliferative activity than its inhibitor via EGR1 recruiting septins to promote E2F1-3 transcription in triple-negative breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107377. [PMID: 39209080 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family proteins serve as primary readers of acetylated lysine residues and play crucial roles in cell proliferation and differentiation. Dysregulation of BET proteins has been implicated in tumorigenesis, making them important therapeutic targets. BET-bromodomain (BD) inhibitors and BET-targeting degraders have been developed to inhibit BET proteins. In this study, we found that the BET inhibitor MS645 exhibited superior antiproliferative activity than BET degraders including ARV771, AT1, MZ1 and dBET1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Treatment with MS645 led to the dissociation of BETs, MED1 and RNA polymerase II from the E2F1-3 promoter, resulting in the suppression of E2F1-3 transcription and subsequent inhibition of cell growth in TNBC. In contrast, while ARV771 displaced BET proteins from chromatin, it did not significantly alter E2F1-3 expression. Mechanistically, ARV771 induced BRD4 depletion at protein level, which markedly increased EGR1 expression. This elevation of EGR1 subsequently recruited septin 2 and septin 9 to E2F1-3 promoters, enhancing E2F1-3 transcription and promoting cell proliferation rate in vitro and in vivo. Our findings provide valuable insights into differential mechanisms of BET inhibition and highlight potential of developing BET-targeting molecules as therapeutic strategies for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
| | - Shuai Wang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Munan Li
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Mingxin Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Luoyi Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
| | - Fangbin Han
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China.
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Li J, Wang X, Zhang H, Hu X, Peng X, Jiang W, Zhuo L, Peng Y, Zeng G, Wang Z. Fenamates: Forgotten treasure for cancer treatment and prevention: Mechanisms of action, structural modification, and bright future. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39171404 DOI: 10.1002/med.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Fenamates as classical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are widely used for relieving pain. Preclinical studies and epidemiological data highlight their chemo-preventive and chemotherapeutic potential for cancer. However, comprehensive reviews of fenamates in cancer are limited. To accelerate the repurposing of fenamates, this review summarizes the results of fenamates alone or in combination with existing chemotherapeutic agents. This paper also explores targets of fenamates in cancer therapy, including COX, AKR family, AR, gap junction, FTO, TEAD, DHODH, TAS2R14, ion channels, and DNA. Besides, this paper discusses other mechanisms, such as regulating Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β, p38 MAPK, and NF-κB pathway, and the regulation of the expressions of Sp, EGR-1, NAG-1, ATF-3, ErbB2, AR, as well as the modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, this paper outlined the structural modifications of fenamates, highlighting their potential as promising leads for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xue Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Weifan Jiang
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guo Zeng
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Station for Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Kazi SH, Sheraz MA, Anwar Z, Musharraf SG, Ahmed S, Bano R, Mirza T, Heo K, Na JH. Photolysis of tolfenamic acid in aqueous and organic solvents: a kinetic study. RSC Adv 2024; 14:21383-21397. [PMID: 38979457 PMCID: PMC11228578 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tolfenamic acid (TA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that was studied for its photodegradation in aqueous (pH 2.0-12.0) and organic solvents (acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol). TA follows first-order kinetics for its photodegradation, and the apparent first-order rate constants (k obs) are in the range of 0.65 (pH 12.0) to 6.94 × 10-2 (pH 3.0) min-1 in aqueous solution and 3.28 (1-butanol) to 7.69 × 10-4 (acetonitrile) min-1 in organic solvents. The rate-pH profile for TA photodegradation is an inverted V (∧) or V-top shape, indicating that the cationic form is more susceptible to acid hydrolysis than the anionic form of TA, which is less susceptible to alkaline hydrolysis. The fluorescence behavior of TA also exhibits a V-top-shaped curve, indicating maximum fluorescence intensity at pH 3.0. TA is highly stable at a pH range of 5.0-7.0, making it suitable for formulation development. In organic solvents, the photodegradation rate of TA increases with the solvent's dielectric constant and solvent acceptor number, indicating solute-solvent interactions. The values of k obs decreased with increased viscosity of the solvents due to diffusion-controlled processes. The correlation between k obs versus ionization potential and solvent density has also been established. A total of 17 photoproducts have been identified through LC-MS, of which nine have been reported for the first time. It has been confirmed through electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry that the excited singlet state of TA is converted into an excited triplet state through intersystem crossing, which results in an increased rate of photodegradation in acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Hafeez Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University Karachi-75340 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University Karachi-75340 Pakistan
| | - Zubair Anwar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University Karachi-75340 Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi Karachi-75270 Pakistan
| | - Sofia Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University Karachi-75340 Pakistan
| | - Raheela Bano
- Dow College of Pharmacy, Dow University of Health Sciences (Ojha Campus) Karachi Pakistan
| | - Tania Mirza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University Karachi-75340 Pakistan
| | - Kyuyoung Heo
- Reliability Assessment Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon 34114 Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hee Na
- Department of Convergence System Engineering, Chungnam National University Daejeon 34134 Republic of Korea
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Shen S, Radhakrishnan SK, Harrell JC, Puchalapalli M, Koblinski J, Clevenger C. The Human Intermediate Prolactin Receptor I-tail Contributes Breast Oncogenesis by Targeting Ras/MAPK Pathway. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae039. [PMID: 38713636 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Prolactin and its receptor (PRLr) in humans are significantly involved in breast cancer pathogenesis. The intermediate form of human PRLr (hPRLrI) is produced by alternative splicing and has a novel 13 amino acid tail ("I-tail") gain. hPRLrI induces significant proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of normal mammary epithelia in vitro when coexpressed with the long form hPRLr (hPRLrL). hPRLrL and hPRLrI coexpression is necessary to induce the transformation of mammary epithelia in vivo. The I-tail is associated with the ubiquitin-like protein neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8. Treatment with the neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8-activating enzyme inhibitor pevonedistat resulted in increased hPRLrL and the death of breast cancer cells. The goal of this study was to determine the function of the hPRLrI I-tail in hPRLrL/hPRLrI-mediated mammary transformation. hPRLrL/hPRLrI and hPRLrL/hPRLrIΔ13 (I-tail removal mutant) were delivered to MCF10AT cells. Cell proliferation was decreased when hPRLrI I-tail was removed. I-tail deletion decreased anchorage-independent growth and attenuated cell migration. The I-tail was involved in Ras/MAPK signaling but not PI3K/Akt signaling pathway as shown by western blot. I-tail removal resulted in decreased hPRLrI stability. RNA-sequencing data revealed that I-tail removal resulted in differential gene expression induced by prolactin. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the activity of ERK was attenuated. Treatment of breast cancer cells with ERK1/2 inhibitor ulixertinib resulted in decreased colony-forming ability and less proliferation. These studies suggest that the hPRLrI I-tail contributed to breast oncogenesis and may be a promising target for the development of new breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanwei Shen
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Senthil K Radhakrishnan
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Madhavi Puchalapalli
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jennifer Koblinski
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Charles Clevenger
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Marks BA, Pipia IM, Mukai C, Horibata S, Rice EJ, Danko CG, Coonrod SA. GDNF-RET signaling and EGR1 form a positive feedback loop that promotes tamoxifen resistance via cyclin D1. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:138. [PMID: 36765275 PMCID: PMC9912664 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rearranged during transfection (RET) tyrosine kinase signaling has been previously implicated in endocrine resistant breast cancer, however the mechanism by which this signaling cascade promotes resistance is currently not well described. We recently reported that glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-RET signaling appears to promote a positive feedback loop with the transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1). Here we investigate the mechanism behind this feedback loop and test the hypothesis that GDNF-RET signaling forms a regulatory loop with EGR1 to upregulate cyclin D1 (CCND1) transcription, leading to cell cycle progression and tamoxifen resistance. METHODS To gain a better understanding of the GDNF-RET-EGR1 resistance mechanism, we studied the GDNF-EGR1 positive feedback loop and the role of GDNF and EGR1 in endocrine resistance by modulating their transcription levels using CRISPR-dCAS9 in tamoxifen sensitive (TamS) and tamoxifen resistant (TamR) MCF-7 cells. Additionally, we performed kinetic studies using recombinant GDNF (rGDNF) treatment of TamS cells. Finally, we performed cell proliferation assays using rGDNF, tamoxifen (TAM), and Palbociclib treatments in TamS cells. Statistical significance for qPCR and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR experiments were determined using a student's paired t-test and statistical significance for the cell viability assay was a one-way ANOVA. RESULTS GDNF-RET signaling formed a positive feedback loop with EGR1 and also downregulated estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) transcription. Upregulation of GDNF and EGR1 promoted tamoxifen resistance in TamS cells and downregulation of GDNF promoted tamoxifen sensitivity in TamR cells. Additionally, we show that rGDNF treatment activated GDNF-RET signaling in TamS cells, leading to recruitment of phospho-ELK-1 to the EGR1 promoter, upregulation of EGR1 mRNA and protein, binding of EGR1 to the GDNF and CCND1 promoters, increased GDNF protein expression, and subsequent upregulation of CCND1 mRNA levels. We also show that inhibition of cyclin D1 with Palbociclib, in the presence of rGDNF, decreases cell proliferation and resensitizes cells to TAM. CONCLUSION Outcomes from these studies support the hypotheses that GDNF-RET signaling forms a positive feedback loop with the transcription factor EGR1, and that GDNF-RET-EGR1 signaling promotes endocrine resistance via signaling to cyclin D1. Inhibition of components of this signaling pathway could lead to therapeutic insights into the treatment of endocrine resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke A Marks
- Department of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Ilissa M Pipia
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Chinatsu Mukai
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Sachi Horibata
- Department of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Edward J Rice
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Charles G Danko
- Department of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Department of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, USA.
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Comparative Analysis of Transcriptomic Changes including mRNA and microRNA Expression Induced by the Xenoestrogens Zearalenone and Bisphenol A in Human Ovarian Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020140. [PMID: 36828454 PMCID: PMC9967916 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Xenoestrogens are natural or synthetic compounds that mimic the effect of endogenous estrogens and might cause cancer. We aimed to compare the global transcriptomic response to zearalenone (ZEA; mycotoxin) and bisphenol A (BPA; plastic additive) with the effect of physiological estradiol (E2) in the PEO1 human ovarian cell line by mRNA and microRNA sequencing. Estrogen exposure induced remarkable transcriptomic changes: 308, 288 and 63 genes were upregulated (log2FC > 1); 292, 260 and 45 genes were downregulated (log2FC < -1) in response to E2 (10 nM), ZEA (10 nM) and BPA (100 nM), respectively. Furthermore, the expression of 13, 11 and 10 miRNAs changed significantly (log2FC > 1, or log2FC < -1) after exposure to E2, ZEA and BPA, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis of the significantly differentially expressed genes and miRNAs revealed several pathways related to the regulation of cell proliferation and migration. The effect of E2 and ZEA was highly comparable: 407 genes were coregulated by these molecules. We could identify 83 genes that were regulated by all three treatments that might have a significant role in the estrogen response of ovarian cells. Furthermore, the downregulation of several miRNAs (miR-501-5p, let-7a-2-3p, miR-26a-2-3p, miR-197-5p and miR-582-3p) was confirmed by qPCR, which might support the proliferative effect of estrogens in ovarian cells.
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Araújo R, Fabris V, Lamb CA, Lanari C, Helguero LA, Gil AM. Metabolic Adaptations in an Endocrine-Related Breast Cancer Mouse Model Unveil Potential Markers of Tumor Response to Hormonal Therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:786931. [PMID: 35299741 PMCID: PMC8921989 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.786931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women and, in most cases, it is hormone-dependent (HD), thus relying on ovarian hormone activation of intracellular receptors to stimulate tumor growth. Endocrine therapy (ET) aimed at preventing hormone receptor activation is the primary treatment strategy, however, about half of the patients, develop resistance in time. This involves the development of hormone independent tumors that initially are ET-responsive (HI), which may subsequently become resistant (HIR). The mechanisms that promote the conversion of HI to HIR tumors are varied and not completely understood. The aim of this work was to characterize the metabolic adaptations accompanying this conversion through the analysis of the polar metabolomes of tumor tissue and non-compromised mammary gland from mice implanted subcutaneously with HD, HI and HIR tumors from a medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)-induced BC mouse model. This was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of tissue polar extracts and data mining through multivariate and univariate statistical analysis. Initial results unveiled marked changes between global tumor profiles and non-compromised mammary gland tissues, as expected. More importantly, specific metabolic signatures were found to accompany progression from HD, through HI and to HIR tumors, impacting on amino acids, nucleotides, membrane percursors and metabolites related to oxidative stress protection mechanisms. For each transition, sets of polar metabolites are advanced as potential markers of progression, including acquisition of resistance to ET. Putative biochemical interpretation of such signatures are proposed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Araújo
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Victoria Fabris
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Caroline A Lamb
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudia Lanari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- Institute of Biomedicine (iBIMED), Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M Gil
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO/UA), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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Dong X, Yang Y, Xu G, Tian Z, Yang Q, Gong Y, Wu G. The initial expression alterations occurring to transcription factors during the formation of breast cancer: Evidence from bioinformatics. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1371-1395. [PMID: 35037412 PMCID: PMC8894706 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the leading malignancy among women worldwide. AIM This work aimed to present a comprehensively bioinformatic analysis of gene expression profiles and to identify the hub genes during BC tumorigenesis, providing potential biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and therapy of BC. MATERIALS & METHODS In this study, multiple public databases, bioinformatics approaches, and online analytical tools were employed and the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was implemented. RESULTS First, we identified 10, 107, and 3869 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from three gene expression datasets (GSE9574, GSE15852, and GSE42568, covering normal, para-cancerous, and BC samples, respectively), and investigated different biological functions and pathways involved. Then, we screened out 8, 16, and 29 module genes from these DEGs, respectively. Next, 10 candidate genes were determined through expression and survival analyses. We noted that seven candidate genes JUN, FOS, FOSB, EGR1, ZFP36, CFD, and PPARG were downregulated in BC compared to normal tissues and lower expressed in aggressive types of BC (basal, HER2+ , and luminal B), TP53 mutation group, younger patients, higher stage BC, and lymph node metastasis BC, while CD27, PSMB9, and SELL were upregulated. The present study discovered that the expression levels of these candidate genes were correlated with the infiltration of immune cells (CD8+ T cell, macrophage, natural killer [NK] cell, and cancer-associated fibroblast) in BC, as well as biomarkers of immune cells and immune checkpoints. We also revealed that promoter methylation, amplification, and deep deletion might contribute to the abnormal expressions of candidate genes. Moreover, we illustrated downstream-targeted genes of JUN, FOS, FOSB, EGR1, and ZFP36 and demonstrated that these targeted genes were involved in "positive regulation of cell death", "pathways in cancer", "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway", and so on. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION We presented differential gene expression profiles among normal, para-cancerous, and BC tissues and further identified candidate genes that might contribute to tumorigenesis and progression of BC, as potential diagnostic and prognostic targets for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Dong
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yalong Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Gaoran Xu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zelin Tian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yan Gong
- Tumor Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Translational MedicineHubei Engineering Research CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Department of Biological RepositoriesZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Gaosong Wu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast SurgeryZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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Gao J, Zhu L, Zhuang H, Lin B. Human Epididymis Protein 4 and Lewis y Enhance Chemotherapeutic Resistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Through the p38 MAPK Pathway. Adv Ther 2022; 39:360-378. [PMID: 34739698 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer has a high mortality rate due to difficulties in early detection and chemotherapy resistance. Human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) has been adopted as a novel serum biomarker for early ovarian cancer diagnosis, and the presence of Lewis y antigen modifications on HE4 in ovarian cancer cell lines has been detected in previous studies. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of HE4 and Lewis y antigen in human ovarian cancer in order to find a correlation between them, as well as with the clinical pathological parameters of patients with ovarian cancer. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the respective expression of these compounds in two patient groups (chemotherapy-resistant and chemotherapy-sensitive) containing a total of 95 patients. Then, a bioinformatic approach was adopted and online large sample databases (TCGA, CCLE, and GTEx; Metascape, Cytoscape) were used to explore the potential mechanisms of action of these compounds. RESULTS The results of this study demonstrate that high HE4 and Lewis y expression could be used as markers for chemotherapy resistance and poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. These two expression events were widely correlated in various cancer tissues and are thought to act by activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) pathway and inducing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA), Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (PTGS2), Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1), and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1-Alpha (HIFI1A), thereby promoting malignant biological behavior and resistance in ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS These findings not only reveal the possible mechanism by which HE4 and Lewis y antigen affect ovarian cancer but also identify a four-gene signature that could be very useful in ovarian cancer detection and/or the development of new targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, Liaoning, China
| | - Liancheng Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, Liaoning, China
| | - Huiyu Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated To Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
- Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, Benxi, Liaoning, China.
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Saha SK, Islam SMR, Saha T, Nishat A, Biswas PK, Gil M, Nkenyereye L, El-Sappagh S, Islam MS, Cho SG. Prognostic role of EGR1 in breast cancer: a systematic review. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 34488929 PMCID: PMC8560464 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
EGR1 (early growth response 1) is dysregulated in many cancers and exhibits both tumor suppressor and promoter activities, making it an appealing target for cancer therapy. Here, we used a systematic multiomics analysis to review the expression of EGR1 and its role in regulating clinical outcomes in breast cancer (BC). EGR1 expression, its promoter methylation, and protein expression pattern were assessed using various publicly available tools. COSMIC-based somatic mutations and cBioPortal-based copy number alterations were analyzed, and the prognostic roles of EGR1 in BC were determined using Prognoscan and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. We also used bc-GenEx-Miner to investigate the EGR1 co-expression profile. EGR1 was more often downregulated in BC tissues than in normal breast tissue, and its knockdown was positively correlated with poor survival. Low EGR1 expression levels were also associated with increased risk of ER+, PR+, and HER2-BCs. High positive correlations were observed among EGR1, DUSP1, FOS, FOSB, CYR61, and JUN mRNA expression in BC tissue. This systematic review suggested that EGR1 expression may serve as a prognostic marker for BC patients and that clinicopathological parameters influence its prognostic utility. In addition to EGR1, DUSP1, FOS, FOSB, CYR61, and JUN can jointly be considered prognostic indicators for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - S. M. Riazul Islam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Tripti Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Afsana Nishat
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Polash Kumar Biswas
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Lewis Nkenyereye
- Department of Computer and Information Security, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Shaker El-Sappagh
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Md. Saiful Islam
- School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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11
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Mikulčić M, Tabrizi-Wizsy NG, Bernhart EM, Asslaber M, Trummer C, Windischhofer W, Sattler W, Malle E, Hrzenjak A. 15d-PGJ 2 Promotes ROS-Dependent Activation of MAPK-Induced Early Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Cell In Vitro and in an Ex Ovo CAM Assay. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111760. [PMID: 34769194 PMCID: PMC8583949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common type of bone tumor, and has limited therapy options. 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) has striking anti-tumor effects in various tumors. Here, we investigated molecular mechanisms that mediate anti-tumor effects of 15d-PGJ2 in different OS cell lines. Human U2-OS and Saos-2 cells were treated with 15d-PGJ2 and cell survival was measured by MTT assay. Cell proliferation and motility were investigated by scratch assay, the tumorigenic capacity by colony forming assay. Intracellular ROS was estimated by H2DCFDA. Activation of MAPKs and cytoprotective proteins was detected by immunoblotting. Apoptosis was detected by immunoblotting and Annexin V/PI staining. The ex ovo CAM model was used to study growth capability of grafted 15d-PGJ2-treated OS cells, followed by immunohistochemistry with hematoxylin/eosin and Ki-67. 15d-PGJ2 substantially decreased cell viability, colony formation and wound closure capability of OS cells. Non-malignant human osteoblast was less affected by 15d-PGJ2. 15d-PGJ2 induced rapid intracellular ROS production and time-dependent activation of MAPKs (pERK1/2, pJNK and pp38). Tempol efficiently inhibited 15d-PGJ2-induced ERK1/2 activation, while N-acetylcystein and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate were less effective. Early but weak activation of cytoprotective proteins was overrun by induction of apoptosis. A structural analogue, 9,10-dihydro-15d-PGJ2, did not show toxic effects in OS cells. In the CAM model, we grafted OS tumors with U2-OS, Saos-2 and MG-63 cells. 15d-PGJ2 treatment resulted in significant growth inhibition, diminished tumor tissue density, and reduced tumor cell proliferation for all cell lines. Our in vitro and CAM data suggest 15d-PGJ2 as a promising natural compound to interfere with OS tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateja Mikulčić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Nassim Ghaffari Tabrizi-Wizsy
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Eva M. Bernhart
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.M.B.); (C.T.); (W.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Martin Asslaber
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Christopher Trummer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.M.B.); (C.T.); (W.S.); (E.M.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Werner Windischhofer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.M.B.); (C.T.); (W.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Ernst Malle
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (E.M.B.); (C.T.); (W.S.); (E.M.)
| | - Andelko Hrzenjak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-73860
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12
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Li Y, Kong X, Xuan L, Wang Z, Huang YH. Prolactin and endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer: The next potential hope for breast cancer treatment. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10327-10348. [PMID: 34651424 PMCID: PMC8581311 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a hormone‐dependent tumour, generally includes four molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2 enriched and triple‐negative) based on oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2. Multiple hormones in the body regulate the development of breast cancer. Endocrine therapy is one of the primary treatments for hormone‐receptor‐positive breast cancer, but endocrine resistance is the primary clinical cause of treatment failure. Prolactin (PRL) is a protein hormone secreted by the pituitary gland, mainly promoting mammary gland growth, stimulating and maintaining lactation. Previous studies suggest that high PRL levels can increase the risk of invasive breast cancer in women. The expression levels of PRL and PRLR in breast cancer cells and breast cancer tissues are elevated in most ER+ and ER− tumours. PRL activates downstream signalling pathways and affects endocrine therapy resistance by combining with prolactin receptor (PRLR). In this review, we illustrated and summarized the correlations between endocrine therapy resistance in breast cancer and PRL, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical practices. The study on PRL and its receptor would help explore reversing endocrine therapy‐resistance for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lixue Xuan
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongzhao Wang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Petri BJ, Piell KM, South Whitt GC, Wilt AE, Poulton CC, Lehman NL, Clem BF, Nystoriak MA, Wysoczynski M, Klinge CM. HNRNPA2B1 regulates tamoxifen- and fulvestrant-sensitivity and hallmarks of endocrine resistance in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:152-168. [PMID: 34273466 PMCID: PMC8358706 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite new combination therapies improving survival of breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor α (ER+) tumors, the molecular mechanisms for endocrine-resistant disease remain unresolved. Previously we demonstrated that expression of the RNA binding protein and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) reader HNRNPA2B1 (A2B1) is higher in LCC9 and LY2 tamoxifen (TAM)-resistant ERα breast cancer cells relative to parental TAM-sensitive MCF-7 cells. Here we report that A2B1 protein expression is higher in breast tumors than paired normal breast tissue. Modest stable overexpression of A2B1 in MCF-7 cells (MCF-7-A2B1 cells) resulted in TAM- and fulvestrant- resistance whereas knockdown of A2B1 in LCC9 and LY2 cells restored TAM and fulvestrant, endocrine-sensitivity. MCF-7-A2B1 cells gained hallmarks of TAM-resistant metastatic behavior: increased migration and invasion, clonogenicity, and soft agar colony size, which were attenuated by A2B1 knockdown in MCF-7-A2B1 and the TAM-resistant LCC9 and LY2 cells. MCF-7-A2B1, LCC9, and LY2 cells have a higher proportion of CD44+/CD24-/low cancer stem cells (CSC) compared to MCF-7 cells. MCF-7-A2B1 cells have increased ERα and reduced miR-222-3p that targets ERα. Like LCC9 cells, MCF-7-A2B1 have activated AKT and MAPK that depend on A2B1 expression and are growth inhibited by inhibitors of these pathways. These data support that targeting A2B1 could provide a complimentary therapeutic approach to reduce acquired endocrine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda J Petri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Gordon C South Whitt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Ali E Wilt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Claire C Poulton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Norman L Lehman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Brian F Clem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Matthew A Nystoriak
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Marcin Wysoczynski
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA.
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14
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scLink: Inferring Sparse Gene Co-expression Networks from Single-cell Expression Data. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:475-492. [PMID: 34252628 PMCID: PMC8896229 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A system-level understanding of the regulation and coordination mechanisms of gene expression is essential for studying the complexity of biological processes in health and disease. With the rapid development of single-cell RNA sequencing technologies, it is now possible to investigate gene interactions in a cell type-specific manner. Here we propose the scLink method, which uses statistical network modeling to understand the co-expression relationships among genes and construct sparse gene co-expression networks from single-cell gene expression data. We use both simulation and real data studies to demonstrate the advantages of scLink and its ability to improve single-cell gene network analysis. The scLink R package is available at https://github.com/Vivianstats/scLink.
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15
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Gorbacheva AM, Uvarova AN, Ustiugova AS, Bhattacharyya A, Korneev KV, Kuprash DV, Mitkin NA. EGR1 and RXRA transcription factors link TGF-β pathway and CCL2 expression in triple negative breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14120. [PMID: 34239022 PMCID: PMC8266896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the main cytokine responsible for the induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of breast cancer cells, which is a hallmark of tumor transformation to the metastatic phenotype. Recently, research demonstrated that the chemokine CCL2 gene expression level directly correlates with the TGF-β activity in breast cancer patients. CCL2 attracts tumor-associated macrophages and is, therefore, considered as an important inductor of breast cancer progression; however, the precise mechanisms underlying its regulation by TGF-β are unknown. Here, we studied the behavior of the CCL2 gene in MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 breast cancer cells representing mesenchymal-like phenotype activated by TGF-β. Using bioinformatics, deletion screening and point mutagenesis, we identified binding sites in the CCL2 promoter and candidate transcription factors responsible for its regulation by TGF-β. Among these factors, only the knock-down of EGR1 and RXRA made CCL2 promoter activity independent of TGF-β. These factors also demonstrated binding to the CCL2 promoter in a TGF-β-dependent manner in a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and point mutations in the EGR1 and RXRA binding sites totally abolished the effect of TGF-β. Our results highlight the key role of EGR1 and RXRA transcription factors in the regulation of CCL2 gene in response to TGF-β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa M Gorbacheva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Aksinya N Uvarova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alina S Ustiugova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Arindam Bhattacharyya
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700019, India
| | - Kirill V Korneev
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Kuprash
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Nikita A Mitkin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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16
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Sun S, Zane A, Fulton C, Philipoom J. Statistical and bioinformatic analysis of hemimethylation patterns in non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:268. [PMID: 33711952 PMCID: PMC7953768 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07990-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is an epigenetic event involving the addition of a methyl-group to a cytosine-guanine base pair (i.e., CpG site). It is associated with different cancers. Our research focuses on studying non-small cell lung cancer hemimethylation, which refers to methylation occurring on only one of the two DNA strands. Many studies often assume that methylation occurs on both DNA strands at a CpG site. However, recent publications show the existence of hemimethylation and its significant impact. Therefore, it is important to identify cancer hemimethylation patterns. Methods In this paper, we use the Wilcoxon signed rank test to identify hemimethylated CpG sites based on publicly available non-small cell lung cancer methylation sequencing data. We then identify two types of hemimethylated CpG clusters, regular and polarity clusters, and genes with large numbers of hemimethylated sites. Highly hemimethylated genes are then studied for their biological interactions using available bioinformatics tools. Results In this paper, we have conducted the first-ever investigation of hemimethylation in lung cancer. Our results show that hemimethylation does exist in lung cells either as singletons or clusters. Most clusters contain only two or three CpG sites. Polarity clusters are much shorter than regular clusters and appear less frequently. The majority of clusters found in tumor samples have no overlap with clusters found in normal samples, and vice versa. Several genes that are known to be associated with cancer are hemimethylated differently between the cancerous and normal samples. Furthermore, highly hemimethylated genes exhibit many different interactions with other genes that may be associated with cancer. Hemimethylation has diverse patterns and frequencies that are comparable between normal and tumorous cells. Therefore, hemimethylation may be related to both normal and tumor cell development. Conclusions Our research has identified CpG clusters and genes that are hemimethylated in normal and lung tumor samples. Due to the potential impact of hemimethylation on gene expression and cell function, these clusters and genes may be important to advance our understanding of the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07990-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Sun
- Department of Mathematics, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA.
| | - Austin Zane
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Carolyn Fulton
- Department of Mathematics, Schreiner University, Kerrville, TX, USA
| | - Jasmine Philipoom
- Department of Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, and Statistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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17
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Zhang T, Chi XX, Kong FX, Chu XL. Effect of genistein on the gene and protein expressions of CXCL-12 and EGR-1 in the rat ovary. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:191-197. [PMID: 32981128 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of genistein (GEN) on the gene expression level of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCL-12 and early growth response gene-1 was studied in ovarian tissue of young and initially ageing (early stages in the ageing process) female rats. Forty, young female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats of 2-3 months old (200 ±20 g) and forty, initially ageing female SD rats of 10-12 months (490 ± 20 g) old were selected. According to the weight, rats were divided into control group, low-dose group (L), medium-dose group (M) and a high-dose group (H) and were given 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg GEN respectively. The positive control (Oestrogen) group was given 0.5 mg/kg diethylstilbestrol. The treatment lasted for 30 days. The mRNA expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL-12) and early growth response factor-1 (EGR-1) was measured by real-time PCR, and protein expression of EGR-1 was detected by Western blot. When compared to the negative control group (NC), the ovary/body weight ratio in the young rats decreased in the GEN group, but the difference was not significant. Similarly, compared with NC, the ovary/body weight ratio in the initially ageing rats also decreased with the increase in GEN concentration, but the decrease was significant in M and H groups (p < .01). The administration of GEN enhanced both the gene and protein expression levels of CXCL-12 and EGR-1 in the ovary. Pearson's correlation analysis showed a synergistic effect between CXCL-12 and EGR-1. Thus, we conclude that the effect of GEN on CXCL-12 and EGR-1 in the initially ageing group was obvious than that in the younger group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Chi
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fan-Xiu Kong
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Chu
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Inhibition of DNA Repair Pathways and Induction of ROS Are Potential Mechanisms of Action of the Small Molecule Inhibitor BOLD-100 in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092647. [PMID: 32947941 PMCID: PMC7563761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BOLD-100, a ruthenium-based complex, sodium trans-[tetrachloridobis (1H-indazole) ruthenate (III)] (also known as IT-139, NKP1339 or KP1339), is a novel small molecule drug that demonstrated a manageable safety profile at the maximum tolerated dose and modest antitumor activity in a phase I clinical trial. BOLD-100 has been reported to inhibit the upregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensing protein GRP78. However, response to BOLD-100 varies in different cancer models and the precise mechanism of action in high-response versus low-response cancer cells remains unclear. In vitro studies have indicated that BOLD-100 induces cytostatic rather than cytotoxic effects as a monotherapy. To understand BOLD-100-mediated signaling mechanism in breast cancer cells, we used estrogen receptor positive (ER+) MCF7 breast cancer cells to obtain gene-metabolite integrated models. At 100 μM, BOLD-100 significantly reduced cell proliferation and expression of genes involved in the DNA repair pathway. BOLD-100 also induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphorylation of histone H2AX, gamma-H2AX (Ser139), suggesting disruption of proper DNA surveillance. In estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer cells, combination of BOLD-100 with a PARP inhibitor, olaparib, induced significant inhibition of cell growth and xenografts and increased gamma-H2AX. Thus, BOLD-100 is a novel DNA repair pathway targeting agent and can be used with other chemotherapies in ER- breast cancer.
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19
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Gao B, Zhang X, Xue D, Zhang W. Effects of Egr1 on pancreatic acinar intracellular trypsinogen activation and the associated ceRNA network. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2496-2506. [PMID: 32705196 PMCID: PMC7411386 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common digestive disorder with high morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of early growth response protein 1 (Egr1), and the effect of competing endogenous (ce)RNA network on trypsinogen activation. Pancreatic acinar intracellular trypsinogen activation (PAITA) is an important event in the early stage of AP; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The present study used taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLC-S)-treated AR42J cells (pancreatic cell line) to establish a PAITA model. A gene microarray and bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the potential key targets in PAITA. The results demonstrated that Egr1, an important transcription factor, was significantly overexpressed in PAITA. In Egr1 small interfering (si)RNA-transfected cells, Egr1 expression was decreased and trypsinogen activation was significantly decreased compared with negative control siRNA-transfected cells, indicating that in TLC-S-induced PAITA, overexpression of Egr1 enhanced trypsinogen activation. A ceRNA network [mRNA-microRNA (miRNA/miR)-long non-coding (lnc)RNA] generated using the PAITA model revealed that the effects of Egr1 on PAITA may be regulated by multiple ceRNA pairs, and the lncRNAs (including NONRATT022624 and NONRATT031002) and miRNAs [including Rattus norvegicus (rno)-miR-214-3p and rno-miR-764-5p] included in the ceRNA pairs may serve roles in PAITA by regulating the expression of Egr1. The results of the present study may provide novel targets for researching the underlying mechanisms of, and developing treatments for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 100086, P.R. China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 100086, P.R. China
| | - Weihui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 100086, P.R. China
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20
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Caffa I, Spagnolo V, Vernieri C, Valdemarin F, Becherini P, Wei M, Brandhorst S, Zucal C, Driehuis E, Ferrando L, Piacente F, Tagliafico A, Cilli M, Mastracci L, Vellone VG, Piazza S, Cremonini AL, Gradaschi R, Mantero C, Passalacqua M, Ballestrero A, Zoppoli G, Cea M, Arrighi A, Odetti P, Monacelli F, Salvadori G, Cortellino S, Clevers H, De Braud F, Sukkar SG, Provenzani A, Longo VD, Nencioni A. Fasting-mimicking diet and hormone therapy induce breast cancer regression. Nature 2020; 583:620-624. [PMID: 32669709 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2502-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 75% of all breast cancers express the oestrogen and/or progesterone receptors. Endocrine therapy is usually effective in these hormone-receptor-positive tumours, but primary and acquired resistance limits its long-term benefit1,2. Here we show that in mouse models of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer, periodic fasting or a fasting-mimicking diet3-5 enhances the activity of the endocrine therapeutics tamoxifen and fulvestrant by lowering circulating IGF1, insulin and leptin and by inhibiting AKT-mTOR signalling via upregulation of EGR1 and PTEN. When fulvestrant is combined with palbociclib (a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor), adding periodic cycles of a fasting-mimicking diet promotes long-lasting tumour regression and reverts acquired resistance to drug treatment. Moreover, both fasting and a fasting-mimicking diet prevent tamoxifen-induced endometrial hyperplasia. In patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer receiving oestrogen therapy, cycles of a fasting-mimicking diet cause metabolic changes analogous to those observed in mice, including reduced levels of insulin, leptin and IGF1, with the last two remaining low for extended periods. In mice, these long-lasting effects are associated with long-term anti-cancer activity. These results support further clinical studies of a fasting-mimicking diet as an adjuvant to oestrogen therapy in hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Caffa
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vanessa Spagnolo
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.,Medical Oncology and Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Valdemarin
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pamela Becherini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chiara Zucal
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Else Driehuis
- Oncode Institute and Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Ferrando
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacente
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Michele Cilli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Mastracci
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valerio G Vellone
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvano Piazza
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Cremonini
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballestrero
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Zoppoli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michele Cea
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Arrighi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizio Odetti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fiammetta Monacelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Salvadori
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Hans Clevers
- Oncode Institute and Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Filippo De Braud
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Medical Oncology and Hematology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Department of Cellular, Computational, and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valter D Longo
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy. .,Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Alessio Nencioni
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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Holloran SM, Nosirov B, Walter KR, Trinca GM, Lai Z, Jin VX, Hagan CR. Reciprocal fine-tuning of progesterone and prolactin-regulated gene expression in breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 511:110859. [PMID: 32407979 PMCID: PMC8941988 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone and prolactin are two key hormones involved in development and remodeling of the mammary gland. As such, both hormones have been linked to breast cancer. Despite the overlap between biological processes ascribed to these two hormones, little is known about how co-expression of both hormones affects their individual actions. Progesterone and prolactin exert many of their effects on the mammary gland through activation of gene expression, either directly (progesterone, binding to the progesterone receptor [PR]) or indirectly (multiple transcription factors being activated downstream of prolactin, most notably STAT5). Using RNA-seq in T47D breast cancer cells, we characterized the gene expression programs regulated by progestin and prolactin, either alone or in combination. We found significant crosstalk and fine-tuning between the transcriptional programs executed by each hormone independently and in combination. We divided and characterized the transcriptional programs into four broad categories. All crosstalk/fine-tuning shown to be modulated by progesterone was dependent upon the expression of PR. Moreover, PR was recruited to enhancer regions of all regulated genes. Interestingly, despite the canonical role for STAT5 in transducing prolactin-signaling in the normal and lactating mammary gland, very few of the prolactin-regulated transcriptional programs fine-tuned by progesterone in this breast cancer cell line model system were in fact dependent upon STAT5. Cumulatively, these data suggest that the interplay of progesterone and prolactin in breast cancer impacts gene expression in a more complex and nuanced manner than previously thought, and likely through different transcriptional regulators than those observed in the normal mammary gland. Studying gene regulation when both hormones are present is most clinically relevant, particularly in the context of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Holloran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Bakhtiyor Nosirov
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio (UTHSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Katherine R Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Gloria M Trinca
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio (UTHSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio (UTHSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Victor X Jin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio (UTHSA), San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Christy R Hagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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22
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Wu G, Yan Y, Zhou Y, Duan Y, Zeng S, Wang X, Lin W, Ou C, Zhou J, Xu Z. Sulforaphane: Expected to Become a Novel Antitumor Compound. Oncol Res 2020; 28:439-446. [PMID: 32111265 PMCID: PMC7851526 DOI: 10.3727/096504020x15828892654385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are becoming increasingly popular in a variety of traditional, complementary, and alternative systems due to their potency and slight side effects. Natural compounds have been shown to be effective against many human diseases, especially cancers. Sulforaphane (SFE) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have been conducted to evaluate the antitumor effect of SFE. The roles of SFE in cancers are mainly through the regulation of potential biomarkers to activate or inhibit related signaling pathways. SFE has exhibited promising inhibitory effects on breast cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, and other malignant tumors. In this review, we summarized the reports on the activity and functional mechanisms of SFE in cancer treatment and explored the efficacy and toxicity of SFE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geting Wu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaP.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaP.R. China
| | - Yangying Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaP.R. China
| | - Yumei Duan
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaP.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaP.R. China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaP.R. China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaP.R. China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaP.R. China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaP.R. China
| | - Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaP.R. China
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23
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Fei Y, Yu H, Huang S, Chen P, Pan L. Expression and prognostic analyses of early growth response proteins (EGRs) in human breast carcinoma based on database analysis. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8183. [PMID: 31844579 PMCID: PMC6907094 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early growth response proteins (EGRs), as a transcriptional regulatory family, are involved in the process of cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and even carcinogenesis. However, the role of EGRs in tumors, their expression levels, and their prognostic value remain unclear. Methods Using the Oncomine database, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, bcGenExMiner v4.2, cBioPortal, and other tools, the association between the survival data of breast carcinoma (BC) patients and transcriptional levels of four EGRs was investigated. Results According to the Oncomine database, in comparison to normal tissues, the expression level of EGR2/3 mRNA in BC tissues was decreased, but there was no difference in the expression level of EGR4 mRNA. On the basis of the Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grading system, the downregulated expression level of EGR1/2/3 and upregulated expression level of EGR4 were correlated with an increased histological differentiation level, with significant differences (p < 0.05). Kaplan–Meier curves suggest that a reduction in EGR2/3 mRNA expression is related to recurrence-free survival (RFS) in BC patients. In addition, the mRNA expression level of EGR1/2/3 was related to metastatic relapse-free survival (MRFS) in BC patients with metastatic recurrence (p < 0.05). Conclusion EGR1/2/3 can be utilized as an important factor for evaluating prognosis and may be relevant to diagnosis. EGR4 may play a role in the occurrence and development of BC. The specific function and mechanism of EGRs in BC deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchang Fei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huan Yu
- Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- The Third Clinical Medical Institute of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peifeng Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lei Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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24
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Direito I, Fardilha M, Helguero LA. Contribution of the unfolded protein response to breast and prostate tissue homeostasis and its significance to cancer endocrine response. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:203-215. [PMID: 30596981 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistant breast and prostate cancers remain a major clinical problem, new therapeutic approaches and better predictors of therapeutic response are clearly needed. Because of the involvement of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in cell proliferation and apoptosis evasion, an increasing number of publications support the hypothesis that impairments in this network trigger and/or exacerbate cancer. Moreover, UPR activation could contribute to the development of drug resistance phenotypes in both breast and prostate cancers. Therefore, targeting this pathway has recently emerged as a promising strategy in anticancer therapy. This review addresses the contribution of UPR to breast and prostate tissues homeostasis and its significance to cancer endocrine response with focus on the current progress on UPR research related to cancer biology, detection, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margarida Fardilha
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedicine (iBiMED), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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25
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Peng J, Xiang Y. Value analysis of CD69 combined with EGR1 in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:2047-2052. [PMID: 30783476 PMCID: PMC6364247 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression and clinical significance of CD69 and early growth response (EGR1) in plasma of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) were investigated. A total of 194 patients with CHD and 130 healthy subjects, respectively, were selected as CHD and control group, clinical data were collected and coronary angiography was performed. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of EGR1. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression level of CD69 and the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the values of relative expression of CD69 and EGR1. The relative expression of CD69 in plasma of patients with CHD was higher than that in control group, while the relative expression of EGR1 was lower than that in control group. The relative expression of EGR1 in plasma of patients with CHD was negatively correlated with lipoprotein a [Lp(a)] and high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (r=-0.394 and -0.524, P<0.05), and the relative expression of CD69 in peripheral blood was positively correlated with [Lp(a)] and hs-CRP (r=0.352 and 0.402, P<0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of the relative expression of CD69 in peripheral blood of patients with CHD in evaluating the course of the disease of patients was 0.889 (95% CI: 0.822-0.958). The AUC of the relative expression of EGR1 in plasma in evaluating the course of the disease of patients was 0.933 (95% CI: 0.867-0.978). By the combined detection of CD69 and EGR1, it was found that the AUC was 0.954 (95% CI: 0.887-0.982). The expression level of EGR1 in plasma of patients with CHD decreased, while the expression level of CD69 increased, and both of them were related to the severity of the disease of patients, which could be used as an indicator to evaluate the progression of the patients' conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Peng
- Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410006, P.R. China
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26
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Audet-Delage Y, Villeneuve L, Grégoire J, Plante M, Guillemette C. Identification of Metabolomic Biomarkers for Endometrial Cancer and Its Recurrence after Surgery in Postmenopausal Women. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:87. [PMID: 29593653 PMCID: PMC5857535 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent gynecological cancer in developed countries. Most EC occurs after menopause and is diagnosed as endometrioid (type I) carcinomas, which exhibit a favorable prognosis. In contrast, non-endometrioid (type II) carcinomas such as serous tumors have a poor prognosis. Our goal was to identify novel blood-based markers associated with EC subtypes and recurrence after surgery in postmenopausal women. Using mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics, we examined preoperative serum metabolites among control women (n = 18) and those with non-recurrent (NR) and recurrent (R) cases of type I endometrioid (n = 24) and type II serous (n = 12) carcinomas. R and NR cases were similar with respect to pathological characteristics, body mass index, and age. A total of 1,592 compounds were analyzed including 14 different lipid classes. When we compared EC cases with controls, 137 metabolites were significantly different. A combination of spermine and isovalerate resulted in an age-adjusted area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUCadj) of 0.914 (P < 0.001) for EC detection. The combination of 2-oleoylglycerol and TAG42:2-FA12:0 allowed the distinction of R cases from NR cases with an AUCadj of 0.901 (P < 0.001). Type I R cases were also characterized by much lower levels of bile acids and elevated concentrations of phosphorylated fibrinogen cleavage peptide, whereas type II R cases displayed higher levels of ceramides. The findings from our pilot study provide a detailed metabolomics study of EC and identify putative serum biomarkers for defining clinically relevant risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Audet-Delage
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Lyne Villeneuve
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Grégoire
- Gynecologic Oncology Service, CHU de Québec, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Plante
- Gynecologic Oncology Service, CHU de Québec, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Chantal Guillemette
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Pharmacogenomi, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Chantal Guillemette,
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27
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Zhang L, Huang Y, Yu Z, Shao M, Luo Y, Zhu Y. Identification of key genes and pathways and therapeutic agents in cadmium-treated liver cells: A bioinformatics study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:145-150. [PMID: 28934692 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that Cadmium (Cd) can accumulate in liver, which results in acute or chronic cell damage with unclear complex mechanisms. Thus, we aimed to explore the possible molecules and pathways by using bioinformatics methods Consequently, two datasets (GSE8865 and GSE31286) were retrieved and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out. The intersection of the DEGs included seven up-regulated and forty-three down-regulated genes, which were mainly enriched in biological cell proliferation items, and were enriched in several metabolism-related pathways. Among the DEGs, several hub genes such as EGR1, FOSL1, ITGA2, EDN1, and IER3 were screened out through protein-protein interaction analysis. Interestingly, BW-B70C was predicted to be a potential agent for attenuating Cd-induced liver cell damage. The present study gave a novel insight into the mechanisms of Cd-induced liver cell damage or malignant transformation and identified several small agents that might be critical for Cd toxicity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China; Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Shao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agriculture University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Huang J, Luo Q, Xiao Y, Li H, Kong L, Ren G. The implication from RAS/RAF/ERK signaling pathway increased activation in epirubicin treated triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108249-108260. [PMID: 29296238 PMCID: PMC5746140 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is not sensitive to RAS/RAF/ERK signaling pathway (ERK pathway) targeting therapy, due to the absence of excessive activation of ERK pathway. However, the kinase cascades might be activated after chemotherapy in TNBC. Here we aimed to predict whether ERK pathway targeting therapy could be used as an adjuvant therapy in TNBC. Methods Within online GEO datasets (GSE43816 and GSE54326), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to detect molecular changes in epirubicin treated TNBC samples and cells, ERK pathway components and regulation genes changes were included. Results In epirubicin treated TNBC samples and cells, we found ERK pathway components (eg. MAPK13, MAP3K1, MAPK12, MAPK11 and MAPKAPK3) were obviously enriched, also, expression of ERK pathway positive regulation genes significantly increased (P<0.05) and negative regulation genes decreased (P<0.05) in epirubicin resistant cells. Moreover, phosphorylated ERK levels were significantly elevated in MDA-MB-231 cells after epirubicin treatment. Conclusion ERK signaling pathway was more activated in epirubicin treated TNBC, possibly contributing to the epirubicin resistance in TNBC, it implicated that ERK pathway could be used as an novel candidate for targeting therapy in refractory and relapse TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Huang
- Department of Endocrine & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qingqing Luo
- Department of Endocrine & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Hongyuan Li
- Department of Endocrine & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lingquan Kong
- Department of Endocrine & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine & Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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