1
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Luan R, He M, Li H, Bai Y, Wang A, Sun G, Zhou B, Wang M, Wang C, Wang S, Zeng K, Feng J, Lin L, Wei Y, Kato S, Zhang Q, Zhao Y. MYSM1 acts as a novel co-activator of ERα to confer antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:10-39. [PMID: 38177530 PMCID: PMC10883278 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Endocrine resistance is a crucial challenge in estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive breast cancer (BCa). Aberrant alteration in modulation of E2/ERα signaling pathway has emerged as the putative contributor for endocrine resistance in BCa. Herein, we demonstrate that MYSM1 as a deubiquitinase participates in modulating ERα action via histone and non-histone deubiquitination. MYSM1 is involved in maintenance of ERα stability via ERα deubiquitination. MYSM1 regulates relevant histone modifications on cis regulatory elements of ERα-regulated genes, facilitating chromatin decondensation. MYSM1 is highly expressed in clinical BCa samples. MYSM1 depletion attenuates BCa-derived cell growth in xenograft models and increases the sensitivity of antiestrogen agents in BCa cells. A virtual screen shows that the small molecule Imatinib could potentially interact with catalytic MPN domain of MYSM1 to inhibit BCa cell growth via MYSM1-ERα axis. These findings clarify the molecular mechanism of MYSM1 as an epigenetic modifier in regulation of ERα action and provide a potential therapeutic target for endocrine resistance in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Luan
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mingcong He
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
- First Clinical Medical College, China Medical University, 110001, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ge Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Baosheng Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Manlin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kai Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianwei Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuntao Wei
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 110042, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Graduate School of Life Science and Engineering, Iryo Sosei University, Iino, Chuo-dai, Iwaki, Fukushima, 9708551, Japan
- Research Institute of Innovative Medicine, Tokiwa Foundation, Iwaki, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, 110042, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, China.
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2
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Zhang H, Liu S, Qin Q, Xu Z, Qu Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Du Z, Yuan S, Hong S, Chang Z, He W, Yan X, Lang Y, Tang R, Wang Y, Zhu L, Jiang X. Genetic and Pharmacological Inhibition of Astrocytic Mysm1 Alleviates Depressive-Like Disorders by Promoting ATP Production. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2204463. [PMID: 36414403 PMCID: PMC9811473 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of this disorder is critical for the therapy of MDD. In this study, it is observed that deubiquitinase Mysm1 is induced in the brain tissues from patients with major depression and from mice with depressive behaviors. The genetic silencing of astrocytic Mysm1 induced an antidepressant-like effect and alleviated the osteoporosis of depressive mice. Furthermore, it is found that Mysm1 knockdown led to increased ATP production and the activation of p53 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Pifithrin α (PFT α) and Compound C, antagonists of p53 and AMPK, respectively, repressed ATP production and reversed the antidepressant effect of Mysm1 knockdown. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of astrocytic Mysm1 by aspirin relieved depressive-like behaviors in mice. The study reveals, for the first time, the important function of Mysm1 in the brain, highlighting astrocytic Mysm1 as a potential risk factor for depression and as a valuable target for drug discovery to treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyang Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
| | - Shuirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
| | - Qiaozhen Qin
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
- Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Zhenhua Xu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
| | - Yannv Qu
- Department of GeriatricsPeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenGuangzhou518036China
| | - Yadi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
| | - Zhangzhen Du
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
| | - Shanshan Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
| | - Shunming Hong
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
| | - Zhilin Chang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesJing‐Jin Center for NeuroinflammationBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100050China
| | - Wenyan He
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesJing‐Jin Center for NeuroinflammationBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100050China
| | - Xinlong Yan
- Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Yiran Lang
- Beijing Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and SystemsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Rongyu Tang
- Beijing Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and SystemsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
- Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui230032China
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
- Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui230032China
- Co‐innovation Center of NeuroregenerationNantong UniversityNantong226019China
| | - Xiaoxia Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences27 Taiping Road, Haidian DistrictBeijing100850China
- Anhui Medical UniversityHefeiAnhui230032China
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3
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Ohanna M, Biber P, Deckert M. Emerging Role of Deubiquitinating Enzymes (DUBs) in Melanoma Pathogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143371. [PMID: 35884430 PMCID: PMC9322030 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma is the leading cause of death from skin cancer. Therapies targeting the BRAF oncogenic pathway and immunotherapies show remarkable clinical efficacy. However, these treatments are limited to subgroups of patients and relapse is common. Overall, the majority of patients require additional treatments, justifying the development of new therapeutic strategies. Non-genetic and genetic alterations are considered to be important drivers of cellular adaptation mechanisms to current therapies and disease relapse. Importantly, modification of the overall proteome in response to non-genetic and genetic events supports major cellular changes that are required for the survival, proliferation, and migration of melanoma cells. However, the mechanisms underlying these adaptive responses remain to be investigated. The major contributor to proteome remodeling involves the ubiquitin pathway, ubiquitinating enzymes, and ubiquitin-specific proteases also known as DeUBiquitinases (DUBs). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the nature and roles of the DUBs recently identified in melanoma progression and therapeutic resistance and discuss their potential as novel sources of vulnerability for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Ohanna
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France; (P.B.); (M.D.)
- Team MicroCan, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 06204 Nice, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)4-8915-3853
| | - Pierric Biber
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France; (P.B.); (M.D.)
- Team MicroCan, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Marcel Deckert
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France; (P.B.); (M.D.)
- Team MicroCan, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, 06204 Nice, France
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MYSM1 induces apoptosis and sensitizes TNBC cells to cisplatin via RSK3-phospho-BAD pathway. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:84. [PMID: 35217648 PMCID: PMC8881619 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality among women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is responsible for a large percentage of all breast cancer deaths in women. This study demonstrated the function of Myb-like, SWIRM, and MPN domains 1 (MYSM1), an H2A deubiquitinase (DUB), in TNBC. MYSM1 expression was drastically decreased in breast cancer, especially in TNBC, suggesting a potential anticancer effect. Overexpressing and suppressing MYSM1 expression in TNBC cell lines led to significant biological changes in cell proliferation. Furthermore, MYSM1 overexpression increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis, which might be attributed to RSK3 inactivation and the subsequently decreased phosphorylation of Bcl-2 antagonist of cell death (BAD) (Ser 112). The findings suggest that MYSM1 is a potential target for regulating cell apoptosis and suppressing resistance to cisplatin in TNBC.
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5
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Dilshat R, Vu HN, Steingrímsson E. Epigenetic regulation during melanocyte development and homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1033-1050. [PMID: 34003523 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanocytes originate in the neural crest as precursor cells which then migrate and proliferate to reach their destination where they differentiate into pigment-producing cells. Melanocytes not only determine the colour of hair, skin and eyes but also protect against the harmful effects of UV irradiation. The establishment of the melanocyte lineage is regulated by a defined set of transcription factors and signalling pathways that direct the specific gene expression programmes underpinning melanoblast specification, survival, migration, proliferation and differentiation. In addition, epigenetic modifiers and replacement histones play key roles in regulating gene expression and its timing during the different steps of this process. Here, we discuss the evidence for the role of epigenetic regulators in melanocyte development and function and how they interact with transcription factors and signalling pathways to establish and maintain this important cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramile Dilshat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hong Nhung Vu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eiríkur Steingrímsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, BioMedical Center, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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6
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Interaction of Deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/MYSM1 with DNA Repair and Replication Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113762. [PMID: 32466590 PMCID: PMC7312997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The deubiquitination of histone H2A on lysine 119 by 2A-DUB/MYSM1, BAP1, USP16, and other enzymes is required for key cellular processes, including transcriptional activation, apoptosis, and cell cycle control, during normal hematopoiesis and tissue development, and in tumor cells. Based on our finding that MYSM1 colocalizes with γH2AX foci in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, leukemia cells, and melanoma cells upon induction of DNA double-strand breaks with topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide, we applied a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach to identify novel 2A-DUB/MYSM1 interaction partners in DNA-damage responses. Differential display of MYSM1 binding proteins significantly enriched after exposure of 293T cells to etoposide revealed an interacting network of proteins involved in DNA damage and replication, including factors associated with poor melanoma outcome. In the context of increased DNA-damage in a variety of cell types in Mysm1-deficient mice, in bone marrow cells upon aging and in UV-exposed Mysm1-deficient skin, our current mass spectrometry data provide additional evidence for an interaction between MYSM1 and key DNA replication and repair factors, and indicate a potential function of 2A-DUB/MYSM1 in DNA repair processes.
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7
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Fiore A, Liang Y, Lin YH, Tung J, Wang H, Langlais D, Nijnik A. Deubiquitinase MYSM1 in the Hematopoietic System and beyond: A Current Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21083007. [PMID: 32344625 PMCID: PMC7216186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
MYSM1 has emerged as an important regulator of hematopoietic stem cell function, blood cell production, immune response, and other aspects of mammalian physiology. It is a metalloprotease family protein with deubiquitinase catalytic activity, as well as SANT and SWIRM domains. MYSM1 normally localizes to the nucleus, where it can interact with chromatin and regulate gene expression, through deubiquitination of histone H2A and non-catalytic contacts with other transcriptional regulators. A cytosolic form of MYSM1 protein was also recently described and demonstrated to regulate signal transduction pathways of innate immunity, by promoting the deubiquitination of TRAF3, TRAF6, and RIP2. In this work we review the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of action of MYSM1 protein in transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, and potentially other cellular processes. The functions of MYSM1 in different cell types and aspects of mammalian physiology are also reviewed, highlighting the key checkpoints in hematopoiesis, immunity, and beyond regulated by MYSM1. Importantly, mutations in MYSM1 in human were recently linked to a rare hereditary disorder characterized by leukopenia, anemia, and other hematopoietic and developmental abnormalities. Our growing knowledge of MYSM1 functions and mechanisms of actions sheds important insights into its role in mammalian physiology and the etiology of the MYSM1-deficiency disorder in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fiore
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - Yue Liang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - Yun Hsiao Lin
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - Jacky Tung
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
| | - HanChen Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3640, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3640, Canada
- McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC 740, Canada
| | - Anastasia Nijnik
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3655, Canada; (A.F.); (Y.L.); (Y.H.L.); (J.T.); (H.W.)
- Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC 3649, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-398-5567
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8
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Functional analysis of deubiquitylating enzymes in tumorigenesis and development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:188312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Sun J, Hu X, Gao Y, Tang Q, Zhao Z, Xi W, Yang F, Zhang W, Song Y, Song B, Wang T, Wang H. MYSM1-AR complex-mediated repression of Akt/c-Raf/GSK-3β signaling impedes castration-resistant prostate cancer growth. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10644-10663. [PMID: 31761786 PMCID: PMC6914400 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations that lead to dysregulated gene expression in the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of histone deubiquitinase MYSM1 in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). Tissues and public datasets of PCa were evaluated for MYSM1 levels. We explored the effects of MYSM1 on cell proliferation, senescence and viability both in vitro and in vivo. Integrative database analyses and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to elucidate genomic association of MYSM1 and MYSM1-involved biological interaction network in PCa. We observed that MYSM1 were downregulated in CRPC compared to localized prostate tumors. Knockdown of MYSM1 promoted cell proliferation and suppressed senescence of CRPC cells under condition of androgen ablation. MYSM1 downregulation enhanced the tumorigenic ability in nude mice. Integrative bioinformatic analyses of the significantly associated genes with MYSM1 revealed MYSM1-correlated pathways, providing substantial clues as to the role of MYSM1 in PCa. MYSM1 was able to bind to androgen receptor instead of increasing its expression and knockdown of MYSM1 resulted in activation of Akt/c-Raf/GSK-3β signaling. Together, our findings indicate that MYSM1 is pivotal in CRPC pathogenesis and may be established as a potential target for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Sun
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Xiangnan Hu
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yongheng Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Qisheng Tang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Zhining Zhao
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China.,Clinical Laboratory, 451 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Wenjin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Yue Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, China
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10
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Gatzka MV. Targeted Tumor Therapy Remixed-An Update on the Use of Small-Molecule Drugs in Combination Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E155. [PMID: 29794999 PMCID: PMC6025289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, the treatment of tumor patients has been revolutionized by the highly successful introduction of novel targeted therapies, in particular small-molecule kinase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, as well as by immunotherapies. Depending on the mutational status, BRAF and MEK inhibitor combinations or immune checkpoint inhibitors are current first-line treatments for metastatic melanoma. However, despite great improvements of survival rates limitations due to tumor heterogeneity, primary and acquired therapy resistance, immune evasion, and economical considerations will need to be overcome. Accordingly, ongoing clinical trials explore the individualized use of small-molecule drugs in new targeted therapy combinations based on patient parameters and tumor biopsies. With focus on melanoma therapy this review aims at providing a comprehensive overview of such novel alternative and combinational therapy strategies currently emerging from basic research. The molecular principles and drug classes that may hold promise for improved tumor therapy combination regimens including kinase inhibition, induction of apoptosis, DNA-damage response inhibition, epigenetic reprogramming, telomerase inhibition, redox modulation, metabolic reprogramming, proteasome inhibition, cancer stem cell transdifferentiation, immune cell signaling modulation, and others, are explained in brief. In addition, relevant targeted therapy combinations in current clinical trials and individualized treatment strategies are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina V Gatzka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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11
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Abstract
The epigenetic regulation of gene expression is accomplished primarily through DNA methylation, histone modification, and gene silencing via the action of microRNAs. While previously very difficult to study, the field of epigenetics has been greatly facilitated by recent technological innovations. Alterations in the epigenome and epigenetic machinery are now known to be present in a variety of diseases, most notably cancers. Moreover, evidence has emerged that epigenetic dysregulation plays a causative role in disease pathogenesis. Novel drugs that alter the epigenetic landscape have been developed and are now available as treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and other blood cancers. Epigenetic changes in CTCL have been studied extensively and continue to be a focus of drug development. Given the success of epigenetic therapies for CTCL, epigenetic research has begun to expand into other dermatologic conditions, including primary skin cancers and immune-mediated diseases. This article provides an overview of current epigenetic therapies for CTCL and reviews the epigenetics of other dermatologic diseases, including melanoma, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis, with attention toward potential epigenetic pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Mervis
- a Department of Dermatology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Jean S McGee
- a Department of Dermatology , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , MA , USA
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12
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Wilms C, Krikki I, Hainzl A, Kilo S, Alupei M, Makrantonaki E, Wagner M, Kroeger CM, Brinker TJ, Gatzka M. 2A-DUB/Mysm1 Regulates Epidermal Development in Part by Suppressing p53-Mediated Programs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030687. [PMID: 29495602 PMCID: PMC5877548 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and homeostasis of the epidermis are governed by a complex network of sequence-specific transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers cooperatively regulating the subtle balance of progenitor cell self-renewal and terminal differentiation. To investigate the role of histone H2A deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/Mysm1 in the skin, we systematically analyzed expression, developmental functions, and potential interactions of this epigenetic regulator using Mysm1-deficient mice and skin-derived epidermal cells. Morphologically, skin of newborn and young adult Mysm1-deficient mice was atrophic with reduced thickness and cellularity of epidermis, dermis, and subcutis, in context with altered barrier function. Skin atrophy correlated with reduced proliferation rates in Mysm1-/- epidermis and hair follicles, and increased apoptosis compared with wild-type controls, along with increases in DNA-damage marker γH2AX. In accordance with diminished α6-Integrinhigh+CD34⁺ epidermal stem cells, reduced colony formation of Mysm1-/- epidermal progenitors was detectable in vitro. On the molecular level, we identified p53 as potential mediator of the defective Mysm1-deficient epidermal compartment, resulting in increased pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative gene expression. In Mysm1-/-p53-/- double-deficient mice, significant recovery of skin atrophy was observed. Functional properties of Mysm1-/- developing epidermis were assessed by quantifying the transepidermal water loss. In summary, this investigation uncovers a role for 2A-DUB/Mysm1 in suppression of p53-mediated inhibitory programs during epidermal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wilms
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ioanna Krikki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Adelheid Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sonja Kilo
- Institute and Out-Patient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University, 91054 Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
| | - Marius Alupei
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Evgenia Makrantonaki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Wagner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Carsten M Kroeger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Titus Josef Brinker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martina Gatzka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Haffner-Luntzer M, Kovtun A, Fischer V, Prystaz K, Hainzl A, Kroeger CM, Krikki I, Brinker TJ, Ignatius A, Gatzka M. Loss of p53 compensates osteopenia in murine Mysm1 deficiency. FASEB J 2018; 32:1957-1968. [PMID: 29203593 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700871r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Histone modifications critically contribute to the epigenetic orchestration of bone homeostasis-in part, by modifying the access of transcription factors to specific genes involved in the osteogenic differentiation process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and osteoblasts. Based on our previous finding that histone H2A deubiquitinase 2A-DUB/Mysm1 interacts with the p53 axis in hematopoiesis and tissue development, we analyzed the molecular basis of the skeletal phenotype of Mysm1-deficient mice and dissected the underlying p53-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Visible morphologic, skeletal deformations of young Mysm1-deficient mice-including a kinked and truncated tail and shortened long bones-were associated with osteopenia of long bones. On the cellular level, Mysm1-deficient primary osteoblasts displayed reduced potential to differentiate into mature osteoblasts, as indicated by decreased expression of osteogenic markers. Reduced osteogenic differentiation capacity of Mysm1-deficient osteoblasts was accompanied by an impaired induction of osteogenic transcription factor Runx2. Osteogenic differentiation of Mysm1-/- MSCs, however, was not compromised in vitro. In line with defective hematopoietic development of Mysm1-deficient mice, Mysm1-/- osteoclasts had reduced resorption activity and were more prone to apoptosis in TUNEL assays. Skeletal alterations and osteopenia of Mysm1-deficient mice were phenotypically completely rescued by simultaneous ablation of p53 in p53-/-Mysm1-/- double-deficient mice-although p53 deficiency did not restore Runx2 expression in Mysm1-/- osteoblasts on the molecular level but, instead, enhanced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. In summary, our results demonstrate novel roles for Mysm1 in osteoblast differentiation and osteoclast formation, resulting in osteopenia in Mysm1-deficient mice that could be abrogated by the loss of p53 from increased osteogenic differentiation of Mysm1-/-p53-/- MSCs.-Haffner-Luntzer, M., Kovtun, A., Fischer, V., Prystaz, K., Hainzl, A., Kroeger, C. M., Krikki, I., Brinker, T. J., Ignatius, A., Gatzka, M. Loss of p53 compensates osteopenia in murine Mysm1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Trauma Research Centre, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Kovtun
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Trauma Research Centre, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Trauma Research Centre, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Prystaz
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Trauma Research Centre, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Adelheid Hainzl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carsten M Kroeger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ioanna Krikki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Titus J Brinker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Trauma Research Centre, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martina Gatzka
- Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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