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Menyhárt O, Győrffy B. Dietary approaches for exploiting metabolic vulnerabilities in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189062. [PMID: 38158024 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Renewed interest in tumor metabolism sparked an enthusiasm for dietary interventions to prevent and treat cancer. Changes in diet impact circulating nutrient levels in the plasma and the tumor microenvironment, and preclinical studies suggest that dietary approaches, including caloric and nutrient restrictions, can modulate tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Cancers are heterogeneous in their metabolic dependencies and preferred energy sources and can be addicted to glucose, fructose, amino acids, or lipids for survival and growth. This dependence is influenced by tumor type, anatomical location, tissue of origin, aberrant signaling, and the microenvironment. This review summarizes nutrient dependencies and the related signaling pathway activations that provide targets for nutritional interventions. We examine popular dietary approaches used as adjuvants to anticancer therapies, encompassing caloric restrictions, including time-restricted feeding, intermittent fasting, fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs), and nutrient restrictions, notably the ketogenic diet. Despite promising results, much of the knowledge on dietary restrictions comes from in vitro and animal studies, which may not accurately reflect real-life situations. Further research is needed to determine the optimal duration, timing, safety, and efficacy of dietary restrictions for different cancers and treatments. In addition, well-designed human trials are necessary to establish the link between specific metabolic vulnerabilities and targeted dietary interventions. However, low patient compliance in clinical trials remains a significant challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otília Menyhárt
- Semmelweis University, Department of Bioinformatics, Tűzoltó u. 7-9, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- Semmelweis University, Department of Bioinformatics, Tűzoltó u. 7-9, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; National Laboratory for Drug Research and Development, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Romo-Perez A, Domínguez-Gómez G, Chávez-Blanco AD, González-Fierro A, Correa-Basurto J, Dueñas-González A. PaSTe. Blockade of the Lipid Phenotype of Prostate Cancer as Metabolic Therapy: A Theoretical Proposal. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3265-3285. [PMID: 37287286 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230607104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in 112 countries and is the leading cause of death in eighteen. In addition to continuing research on prevention and early diagnosis, improving treatments and making them more affordable is imperative. In this sense, the therapeutic repurposing of low-cost and widely available drugs could reduce global mortality from this disease. The malignant metabolic phenotype is becoming increasingly important due to its therapeutic implications. Cancer generally is characterized by hyperactivation of glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. However, prostate cancer is particularly lipidic; it exhibits increased activity in the pathways for synthesizing fatty acids, cholesterol, and fatty acid oxidation (FAO). OBJECTIVE Based on a literature review, we propose the PaSTe regimen (Pantoprazole, Simvastatin, Trimetazidine) as a metabolic therapy for prostate cancer. Pantoprazole and simvastatin inhibit the enzymes fatty acid synthase (FASN) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), therefore, blocking the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, respectively. In contrast, trimetazidine inhibits the enzyme 3-β-Ketoacyl- CoA thiolase (3-KAT), an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of fatty acids (FAO). It is known that the pharmacological or genetic depletion of any of these enzymes has antitumor effects in prostatic cancer. RESULTS Based on this information, we hypothesize that the PaSTe regimen will have increased antitumor effects and may impede the metabolic reprogramming shift. Existing knowledge shows that enzyme inhibition occurs at molar concentrations achieved in plasma at standard doses of these drugs. CONCLUSION We conclude that this regimen deserves to be preclinically evaluated because of its clinical potential for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Romo-Perez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alma D Chávez-Blanco
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aurora González-Fierro
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Dueñas-González
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerologia, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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3
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Prasad A, Roy AC, Priya K, Meena R, Ghosh I. Effect of differential deprivation of nutrients on cellular proliferation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and cell migration in MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and HeLa cells. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:339. [PMID: 37705865 PMCID: PMC10495304 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancerous cells display metabolic engineering through enhanced utilization of nutrients to support their increased requirements for proliferation, bioenergetics, biosynthesis, redox homeostasis, and cell signaling. To investigate the extent to which malignant cells rely on glycolysis and glutaminolysis, the effects of differential deprivation of nutrients such as d-glucose, l-glutamine, and pyruvate on proliferation, morphology, cell cycle, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, autophagic vacuole formation, and migration in MDA-MB-231, HepG2, and HeLa cells were investigated in this study. Cell viability assay, cell morphology, and ATP assay showed higher dependence of MDA-MB-231 and HepG2 cells on glucose and glutamine, respectively, for cell survival, growth, ATP production, and proliferation, while HeLa cells were equally dependent on both. However, the combination of all three nutrients displayed maximum proliferation. Differential deprivation of glucose in the absence of glutamine resulted in G0/G1 plus G2/M arrest in MDA-MB-231, whereas G0/G1 arrest in HepG2 and S-phase arrest in HeLa cells occurred at 48 h. Although the differential withdrawal of nutrients revealed a varying degree of effect dependent on cell type, nutrient type, nutrient concentrations, and deprivation time, a general trend of increased oxidative stress, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP and antioxidant (GSH) depletion led to mitochondrial dysfunction in all three cell lines and inhibition of cell migration in MDA-MB-231 and HeLa cells at 48 h. Extreme deprivation of nutrients formed autophagic vacuoles. Importantly, normal cells (HEK293) remained unaffected under most of the nutrient-deprived conditions examined. This study enhances our understanding of the impact of differential nutrient deprivation on critical characteristics of cancer cells, contributing to the development of metabolism-based effective anticancer strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03759-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Prasad
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Lab. # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Ashim Chandra Roy
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Lab. # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Komal Priya
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Lab. # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Ramovatar Meena
- Nanotoxicology Laboratory, Lab. # 312, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Ilora Ghosh
- Biochemistry and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Lab. # 103, School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
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Rickard BP, Overchuk M, Obaid G, Ruhi MK, Demirci U, Fenton SE, Santos JH, Kessel D, Rizvi I. Photochemical Targeting of Mitochondria to Overcome Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:448-468. [PMID: 36117466 PMCID: PMC10043796 DOI: 10.1111/php.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with a stubborn mortality rate of ~65%. The persistent failure of multiline chemotherapy, and significant tumor heterogeneity, has made it challenging to improve outcomes. A target of increasing interest is the mitochondrion because of its essential role in critical cellular functions, and the significance of metabolic adaptation in chemoresistance. This review describes mitochondrial processes, including metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial transfer and mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. The effect of malignant ascites, or excess peritoneal fluid, on mitochondrial function is discussed. The role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in overcoming mitochondria-mediated resistance is presented. PDT, a photochemistry-based modality, involves the light-based activation of a photosensitizer leading to the production of short-lived reactive molecular species and spatiotemporally confined photodamage to nearby organelles and biological targets. The consequential effects range from subcytotoxic priming of target cells for increased sensitivity to subsequent treatments, such as chemotherapy, to direct cell killing. This review discusses how PDT-based approaches can address key limitations of current treatments. Specifically, an overview of the mechanisms by which PDT alters mitochondrial function, and a summary of preclinical advancements and clinical PDT experience in ovarian cancer are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marta Overchuk
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX 95080, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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The Role of Reprogrammed Glucose Metabolism in Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030345. [PMID: 36984785 PMCID: PMC10051753 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram their metabolism to meet biosynthetic needs and to adapt to various microenvironments. Accelerated glycolysis offers proliferative benefits for malignant cells by generating glycolytic products that move into branched pathways to synthesize proteins, fatty acids, nucleotides, and lipids. Notably, reprogrammed glucose metabolism and its associated events support the hallmark features of cancer such as sustained cell proliferation, hijacked apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Overproduced enzymes involved in the committed steps of glycolysis (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1, and pyruvate kinase) are promising pharmacological targets for cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the role of reprogrammed glucose metabolism in cancer cells and how it can be manipulated for anti-cancer strategies.
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Wang L, Cybula M, Rostworowska M, Wang L, Mucha P, Bulicz M, Bieniasz M. Upregulation of Succinate Dehydrogenase (SDHA) Contributes to Enhanced Bioenergetics of Ovarian Cancer Cells and Higher Sensitivity to Anti-Metabolic Agent Shikonin. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5097. [PMID: 36291881 PMCID: PMC9599980 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We discovered that the overexpression of mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDHA) is particularly prevalent in ovarian carcinoma and promotes highly metabolically active phenotype. Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency has been previously studied in some rare disorders. However, the role of SDHA upregulation and its impact on ovarian cancer metabolism has never been investigated, emphasizing the need for further research. We investigated the functional consequences of SDHA overexpression in ovarian cancer. Using proteomics approaches and biological assays, we interrogated protein content of metabolic pathways, cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, mitochondrial respiration, glycolytic function, and ATP production rates in those cells. Lastly, we performed a drug screening to identify agents specifically targeting the SDHA overexpressing tumor cells. We showed that SDHA overexpressing cells are characterized by enhanced energy metabolism, relying on both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to meet their energy needs. In addition, SDHA-high phenotype was associated with cell vulnerability to glucose and glutamine deprivation, which led to a substantial reduction of ATP yield. We also identified an anti-metabolic compound shikonin with a potent efficacy against SDHA overexpressing ovarian cancer cells. Our data underline the unappreciated role of SDHA in reprogramming of ovarian cancer metabolism, which represents a new opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Magdalena Bieniasz
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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7
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Hu X, Bian C, Zhao X, Yi T. Efficacy evaluation of multi-immunotherapy in ovarian cancer: From bench to bed. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034903. [PMID: 36275669 PMCID: PMC9582991 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, one of the most common gynecological malignancies, is characterized by high mortality and poor prognosis. Cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy remain the mainstay of ovarian cancer treatment, and most women experience recurrence after standard care therapies. There is compelling evidence that ovarian cancer is an immunogenic tumor. For example, the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with increased survival, while increases in immunosuppressive regulatory T cells are correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, immunotherapies targeting components of the tumor microenvironment have been gradually integrated into the existing treatment options, including immune checkpoint blockade, adoptive cell therapy, and cancer vaccines. Immunotherapies have changed guidelines for maintenance treatment and established a new paradigm in ovarian cancer treatment. Despite single immunotherapies targeting DNA repair mechanisms, immune checkpoints, and angiogenesis bringing inspiring efficacy, only a subset of patients can benefit much from it. Thus, the multi-immunotherapy investigation remains an active area for ovarian cancer treatment. The current review provides an overview of various clinically oriented forms of multi-immunotherapy and explores potentially effective combinational therapies for ovarian cancer.
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8
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Guo L, Zhang W, Xie Y, Chen X, Olmstead EE, Lian M, Zhang B, Zaytseva YY, Evers BM, Spielmann HP, Liu X, Watt DS, Liu C. Diaminobutoxy-substituted Isoflavonoid (DBI-1) Enhances the Therapeutic Efficacy of GLUT1 Inhibitor BAY-876 by Modulating Metabolic Pathways in Colon Cancer Cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2022; 21:740-750. [PMID: 35247917 PMCID: PMC9081236 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo significant "metabolic remodeling" to provide sufficient ATP to maintain cell survival and to promote rapid growth. In colorectal cancer cells, ATP is produced by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and by substantially elevated cytoplasmic glucose fermentation (i.e., the Warburg effect). Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression is significantly increased in colorectal cancer cells, and GLUT1 inhibitors block glucose uptake and hence glycolysis crucial for cancer cell growth. In addition to ATP, these metabolic pathways also provide macromolecule building blocks and signaling molecules required for tumor growth. In this study, we identify a diaminobutoxy-substituted isoflavonoid (DBI-1) that inhibits mitochondrial complex I and deprives rapidly growing cancer cells of energy needed for growth. DBI-1 and the GLUT1 inhibitor, BAY-876, synergistically inhibit colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. This study suggests that an electron transport chain inhibitor (i.e., DBI-1) and a glucose transport inhibitor, (i.e., BAY-876) are potentially effective combination for colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Guo
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Yanqi Xie
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Xi Chen
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Emma E. Olmstead
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Mengqiang Lian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baochen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - H. Peter Spielmann
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Xifu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - David S. Watt
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Chunming Liu
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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Ascenção K, Szabo C. Emerging roles of cystathionine β-synthase in various forms of cancer. Redox Biol 2022; 53:102331. [PMID: 35618601 PMCID: PMC9168780 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the reverse transsulfuration enzyme cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) is markedly increased in many forms of cancer, including colorectal, ovarian, lung, breast and kidney, while in other cancers (liver cancer and glioma) it becomes downregulated. According to the clinical database data in high-CBS-expressor cancers (e.g. colon or ovarian cancer), high CBS expression typically predicts lower survival, while in the low-CBS-expressor cancers (e.g. liver cancer), low CBS expression is associated with lower survival. In the high-CBS expressing tumor cells, CBS, and its product hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as a bioenergetic, proliferative, cytoprotective and stemness factor; it also supports angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the cancer microenvironment. The current article reviews the various tumor-cell-supporting roles of the CBS/H2S axis in high-CBS expressor cancers and overviews the anticancer effects of CBS silencing and pharmacological CBS inhibition in various cancer models in vitro and in vivo; it also outlines potential approaches for biomarker identification, to support future targeted cancer therapies based on pharmacological CBS inhibition.
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10
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Romo-Perez A, Dominguez-Gomez G, Chavez-Blanco A, Taja-Chayeb L, Gonzalez-Fierro A, Diaz-Romero C, Lopez-Basave HN, Duenas-Gonzalez A. Progress in Metabolic Studies of Gastric Cancer and Therapeutic Implications. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:703-716. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220413083534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Worldwide, gastric cancer is ranked the fifth malignancy in incidence and the third malignancy in mortality. Gastric cancer causes an altered metabolism that can be therapeutically exploited.
Objective:
To provide an overview of the significant metabolic alterations caused by gastric cancer and propose a blockade.
Methods:
A comprehensive and up-to-date review of descriptive and experimental publications on the metabolic alterations caused by gastric cancer and their blockade. This is not a systematic review.
Results:
Gastric cancer causes high rates of glycolysis and glutaminolysis. There are increased rates of de novo fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, gastric cancer causes high rates of lipid turnover via fatty acid -oxidation. Preclinical data indicate that the individual blockade of these pathways via enzyme targeting leads to
antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Nevertheless, there is no data on the simultaneous blockade of these five pathways, which is critical, as tumors show metabolic flexibility in response to the availability of nutrients. This means tumors may activate alternate routes when one or more are inhibited. We hypothesize there is a need to simultaneously blockade them to avoid or decrease the metabolic flexibility that may lead to treatment resistance.
Conclusions:
There is a need to explore the preclinical efficacy and feasibility of combined metabolic therapy targeting the pathways of glucose, glutamine, fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation. This may have therapeutical implications because we have clinically available drugs that target these pathways in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Romo-Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alma Chavez-Blanco
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucia Taja-Chayeb
- Division of Basic Research, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Alfonso Duenas-Gonzalez
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Leitner BP, Siebel S, Akingbesote ND, Zhang X, Perry RJ. Insulin and cancer: a tangled web. Biochem J 2022; 479:583-607. [PMID: 35244142 PMCID: PMC9022985 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For a century, since the pioneering work of Otto Warburg, the interwoven relationship between metabolism and cancer has been appreciated. More recently, with obesity rates rising in the U.S. and worldwide, epidemiologic evidence has supported a link between obesity and cancer. A substantial body of work seeks to mechanistically unpack the association between obesity, altered metabolism, and cancer. Without question, these relationships are multifactorial and cannot be distilled to a single obesity- and metabolism-altering hormone, substrate, or factor. However, it is important to understand the hormone-specific associations between metabolism and cancer. Here, we review the links between obesity, metabolic dysregulation, insulin, and cancer, with an emphasis on current investigational metabolic adjuncts to standard-of-care cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks P. Leitner
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Stephan Siebel
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Ngozi D. Akingbesote
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
| | - Rachel J. Perry
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, U.S.A
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12
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Ferraro R, Ascione F, Dogra P, Cristini V, Guido S, Caserta S. Diffusion‐induced anisotropic cancer invasion: a novel experimental method based on tumour spheroids. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Ferraro
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale Naples Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Naples Italy
| | - Flora Ascione
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale Naples Italy
| | - Prashant Dogra
- Mathematics in Medicine Program Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston Texas USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York USA
| | - Vittorio Cristini
- Mathematics in Medicine Program Houston Methodist Research Institute Houston Texas USA
- Department of Imaging Physics University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
- Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine New York New York USA
| | - Stefano Guido
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale Naples Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Naples Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale Naples Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Naples Italy
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13
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Hellemann E, Walker JL, Lesko MA, Chandrashekarappa DG, Schmidt MC, O’Donnell AF, Durrant JD. Novel mutation in hexokinase 2 confers resistance to 2-deoxyglucose by altering protein dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009929. [PMID: 35235554 PMCID: PMC8920189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is central to many biological processes, serving as an energy source and a building block for biosynthesis. After glucose enters the cell, hexokinases convert it to glucose-6-phosphate (Glc-6P) for use in anaerobic fermentation, aerobic oxidative phosphorylation, and the pentose-phosphate pathway. We here describe a genetic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that generated a novel spontaneous mutation in hexokinase-2, hxk2G238V, that confers resistance to the toxic glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). Wild-type hexokinases convert 2DG to 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2DG-6P), but 2DG-6P cannot support downstream glycolysis, resulting in a cellular starvation-like response. Curiously, though the hxk2G238V mutation encodes a loss-of-function allele, the affected amino acid does not interact directly with bound glucose, 2DG, or ATP. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that Hxk2G238V impedes sugar binding by altering the protein dynamics of the glucose-binding cleft, as well as the large-scale domain-closure motions required for catalysis. These findings shed new light on Hxk2 dynamics and highlight how allosteric changes can influence catalysis, providing new structural insights into this critical regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. Given that hexokinases are upregulated in some cancers and that 2DG and its derivatives have been studied in anti-cancer trials, the present work also provides insights that may apply to cancer biology and drug resistance. Glucose fuels many of the energy-production processes required for normal cell growth. Before glucose can participate in these processes, it must first be chemically modified by proteins called hexokinases. To better understand how hexokinases modify glucose—and how mutations in hexokinase genes might confer drug resistance—we evolved resistance in yeast to a toxic hexokinase-binding molecule called 2DG. We discovered a mutation in the hexokinase gene that confers 2DG resistance and reduces the protein’s ability to modify glucose. Biochemical analyses and computer simulations of the hexokinase protein suggest that the mutation diminishes glucose binding by altering enzyme flexibility. This work shows how cells can evolve resistance to toxins via only modest changes to protein structures. Furthermore, because cancer-cell hexokinases are particularly active, 2DG has been studied as cancer chemotherapy. Thus, the insights this work provides might also apply to cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Hellemann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Walker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mitchell A. Lesko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dakshayini G. Chandrashekarappa
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Martin C. Schmidt
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Allyson F. O’Donnell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AFO); (JDD)
| | - Jacob D. Durrant
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AFO); (JDD)
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14
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Romo-Perez A, Dominguez-Gomez G, Chavez-Blanco A, Taja-Chayeb L, Gonzalez-Fierro A, Martinez EG, Correa-Basurto J, Duenas-Gonzalez A. BAPST. A Combo of Common use drugs as metabolic therapy of cancer-a theoretical proposal. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:815-831. [PMID: 34620071 DOI: 10.2174/1874467214666211006123728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in cancer therapy have yet to impact worldwide cancer mortality. Poor cancer drug affordability is one of the factors limiting mortality burden strikes. Up to now, cancer drug repurposing had no meet expectations concerning drug affordability. The three FDA-approved cancer drugs developed under repurposing -all-trans-retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide, and thalidomide- do not differ in price from other drugs developed under the classical model. Though additional factors affect the whole process from inception to commercialization, the repurposing of widely used, commercially available, and cheap drugs may help. This work reviews the concept of the malignant metabolic phenotype and its exploitation by simultaneously blocking key metabolic processes altered in cancer. We elaborate on a combination called BAPST, which stands for the following drugs and pathways they inhibit: Benserazide (glycolysis), Apomorphine (glutaminolysis), Pantoprazole (Fatty-acid synthesis), Simvastatin (mevalonate pathway), and Trimetazidine (Fatty-acid oxidation). Their respective primary indications are: • Parkinson's disease (benserazide and apomorphine). • Peptic ulcer disease (pantoprazole). • Hypercholesterolemia (simvastatin). • Ischemic heart disease (trimetazidine). When used for their primary indication, the literature review on each of these drugs shows they have a good safety profile and lack predicted pharmacokinetic interaction among them. Most importantly, the inhibitory enzymatic concentrations required for inhibiting their cancer targets enzymes are below the plasma concentrations observed when these drugs are used for their primary indication. Based on that, we propose that the regimen BAPTS merits preclinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Romo-Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Mexico
| | | | - Alma Chavez-Blanco
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City. Mexico
| | - Lucia Taja-Chayeb
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City. Mexico
| | - Aurora Gonzalez-Fierro
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City. Mexico
| | | | - Jose Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City. Mexico
| | - Alfonso Duenas-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City. Mexico
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15
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Pliszka M, Szablewski L. Glucose Transporters as a Target for Anticancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164184. [PMID: 34439338 PMCID: PMC8394807 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For mammalian cells, glucose is a major source of energy. In the presence of oxygen, a complete breakdown of glucose generates 36 molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose. Hypoxia is a hallmark of cancer; therefore, cancer cells prefer the process of glycolysis, which generates only two molecules of ATP from one molecule of glucose, and cancer cells need more molecules of glucose in comparison with normal cells. Increased uptake of glucose by cancer cells is due to increased expression of glucose transporters. However, overexpression of glucose transporters, promoting the process of carcinogenesis, and increasing aggressiveness and invasiveness of tumors, may have also a beneficial effect. For example, upregulation of glucose transporters is used in diagnostic techniques such as FDG-PET. Therapeutic inhibition of glucose transporters may be a method of treatment of cancer patients. On the other hand, upregulation of glucose transporters, which are used in radioiodine therapy, can help patients with cancers. Abstract Tumor growth causes cancer cells to become hypoxic. A hypoxic condition is a hallmark of cancer. Metabolism of cancer cells differs from metabolism of normal cells. Cancer cells prefer the process of glycolysis as a source of ATP. Process of glycolysis generates only two molecules of ATP per one molecule of glucose, whereas the complete oxidative breakdown of one molecule of glucose yields 36 molecules of ATP. Therefore, cancer cells need more molecules of glucose in comparison with normal cells. Increased uptake of glucose by these cells is due to overexpression of glucose transporters, especially GLUT1 and GLUT3, that are hypoxia responsive, as well as other glucose transport proteins. Increased expression of these carrier proteins may be used in anticancer therapy. This phenomenon is used in diagnostic techniques such as FDG-PET. It is also suggested, and there are observations, that therapeutic inhibition of glucose transporters may be a method in treatment of cancer patients. On the other hand, there are described cases, in which upregulation of glucose transporters, as, for example, NIS, which is used in radioiodine therapy, can help patients with cancer. The aim of this review is the presentation of possibilities, and how glucose transporters can be used in anticancer therapy.
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16
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Recent advances in the role of Th17/Treg cells in tumor immunity and tumor therapy. Immunol Res 2021; 69:398-414. [PMID: 34302619 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-021-09211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Th17 and Treg cells play an important role in regulating tissue inflammation and maintaining the stability of the immune system. They regulate inflammatory responses, participate in the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases and tumors, and determine the disease progress. Malignant tumor is one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate in the world. However, the efficacy of traditional treatment is limited, so it is necessary to find safe and efficient treatment methods. Studies have shown that the balance of Th17/Treg cells plays a critical role in tumor progression. In this paper, we review the antitumor and tumor-suppressing effects of Th17/Treg cells, and new strategies for tumor therapy, combined with new research hotspots such as immune checkpoint therapy, miRNA-related gene therapy, and metabolic pathway regulation of Th17/Treg cell differentiation and tumor generation. The synergistic therapy is expected to be widely used in the future clinical practice, providing a new choice for the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors.
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17
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Abebe F, Hopkins MD, Vodnala SN, Sheaff RJ, Lamar AA. Development of a Rapid In Vitro Screening Assay Using Metabolic Inhibitors to Detect Highly Selective Anticancer Agents. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:18333-18343. [PMID: 34308064 PMCID: PMC8296616 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Traditional long exposure (24-72 h) cell viability assays for identification of potential drug compounds can fail to identify compounds that are: (a) biologically active but not toxic and (b) inactive without the addition of a synergistic additive. Herein, we report the development of a rapid (1-2 h) compound screening technique using a commercially available cell viability kit (CellTiter-Glo) that has led to the detection of compounds that were not identified as active agents using traditional cytotoxicity screening methods. These compounds, in combination with metabolic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose, display selectivity toward a pancreatic cancer cell line. An evaluation of 11 mammalian cell lines against 30 novel compounds and two metabolic inhibitors is reported. The inclusion of metabolic inhibitors during an initial screening process, and not simply during mechanistic investigations of a previously identified hit compound, provides a rapid and sensitive tool for identifying drug candidates potentially overlooked by other methods.
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18
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Hyperosmolarity Triggers the Warburg Effect in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells and Reveals a Reduced Mitochondria Horsepower. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060344. [PMID: 34073567 PMCID: PMC8226498 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells are known to favor a glycolytic metabolism over oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), which takes place in mitochondria, to produce the energy and building blocks essential for cell maintenance and cell growth. This phenotypic property of tumor cells gives them several advantages over normal cells and is known as the Warburg effect. Tumors can be treated as a metabolic disease by targeting their bioenergetics capacity. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) and calcium hydroxycitrate (HCA) are two drugs known to target the Warburg effect in tumor cells and hence induce the mitochondria for ATP production. However, tumor cells, known to have an increased flux through glycolysis, are not able to handle the activation of their mitochondria by drugs or any other condition, leading to decoupling of gene regulation. In this study, these drug effects were studied by mimicking an inflammatory condition through the imposition of a hyperosmotic condition in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, which behave similarly to tumor cells. Indeed, CHO cells grown in high osmolarity conditions, using 200 mM mannitol, showed a pronounced Warburg effect phenotype. Our results show that hyperosmolar conditions triggered high-throughput glycolysis and enhanced glutaminolysis in CHO cells, such as during cancer cell proliferation in inflammatory tissue. Finally, we found that the hyperosmolar condition was correlated with increased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) but mitochondrial horsepower seemed to vanish (h = Δp/ΔΨm), which may be explained by mitochondrial hyperfusion.
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19
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Tyagi K, Mandal S, Roy A. Recent advancements in therapeutic targeting of the Warburg effect in refractory ovarian cancer: A promise towards disease remission. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188563. [PMID: 33971276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer, the most lethal gynecological malignancy, is diagnosed at advanced stage, recurs and displays chemoresistance to standard chemotherapeutic regimen of taxane/platinum drugs. Despite development of recent therapeutic approaches including poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors, this fatal disease is diagnosed at advanced stage and heralds strategies for early detection and improved treatment. Recent literature suggests that high propensity of ovarian cancer cells to consume and metabolize glucose via glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen (the 'Warburg effect') can significantly contribute to disease progression and chemoresistance and hence, it has been exploited as novel drug target. This review focuses on the molecular cues of aberrant glycolysis as drivers of chemo-resistance and aggressiveness of recurrent ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we discuss the status quo of small molecule inhibition of aerobic glycolysis and significance of metabolic coupling between cancer cells and tumor microenvironment as novel therapeutic interventions against this lethal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Kalyani University, West Bengal 741235, India
| | - Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
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20
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Bayar İ, Bildik A. Investigation of glucose catabolism in hypoxic Mcf 7 breast cancer culture. Cytotechnology 2021; 73:217-232. [PMID: 33927477 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-021-00459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays an important role in tumor phenotype and progression and alters glycolysis, with changes in signaling pathways that develop in response to hypoxia. In this study, the effects of oxygen (normoxia/hypoxia) and of glucose levels on the glucose metabolism was investigated in MCF-7 cancer cells. Under either normoxia or hypoxia conditions, the cells were exposed to glucose at different concentrations (0, 5.5, 15 or 55 mM) for either 3, 6, 12, 24 or 48 h. In all groups, cell viability, levels of key enzymes reflecting glycolytic metabolism in cell lysates, glucose consumed in the medium and extracellular lactate levels and wound closure percentages were determined. In hypoxic cells, intracellular consumption of glucose, and extracellular lactate levels due to increased glucose concentration were observed to be higher (compared to normoxia) and as a result of prolonged exposure to hypoxia, cells were observed to develop resistance to the prolonged exposure to hypoxia. The number of glycolytic enzymes obtained at different levels proved that cells had different potential capacities and changing mechanisms for the metabolic needs of the cell depending on the glucose amount in the medium and time in adapting to the oxygen tension. This study showed that there was an important interaction between hypoxia and glucose metabolism in general, and it was concluded that metabolic processes activated by hypoxia could offer new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- İrem Bayar
- Department of Biochemistry, Selcuk University Faculty of Veterinary, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Bildik
- Department of Biochemistry, Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Veterinary, Aydın, Turkey
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21
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Cummings M, Freer C, Orsi NM. Targeting the tumour microenvironment in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 77:3-28. [PMID: 33607246 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer typically presents at an advanced stage, and although the majority of cases initially respond well to platinum-based therapies, chemoresistance almost always occurs leading to a poor long-term prognosis. While various cellular autonomous mechanisms contribute to intrinsic or acquired platinum resistance, the tumour microenvironment (TME) plays a central role in resistance to therapy and disease progression by providing cancer stem cell niches, promoting tumour cell metabolic reprogramming, reducing chemotherapy drug perfusion and promoting an immunosuppressive environment. As such, the TME is an attractive therapeutic target which has been the focus of intense research in recent years. This review provides an overview of the unique ovarian cancer TME and its role in disease progression and therapy resistance, highlighting some of the latest preclinical and clinical data on TME-targeted therapies. In particular, it focuses on strategies targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts, tumour-associated macrophages, cancer stem cells and cancer cell metabolic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cummings
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - C Freer
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - N M Orsi
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; St James's Institute of Oncology, Bexley Wing, Beckett Street, Leeds, LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
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22
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Tilekar K, Upadhyay N, Iancu CV, Pokrovsky V, Choe JY, Ramaa CS. Power of two: combination of therapeutic approaches involving glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitors to combat cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188457. [PMID: 33096154 PMCID: PMC7704680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer research of the Warburg effect, a hallmark metabolic alteration in tumors, focused attention on glucose metabolism whose targeting uncovered several agents with promising anticancer effects at the preclinical level. These agents' monotherapy points to their potential as adjuvant combination therapy to existing standard chemotherapy in human trials. Accordingly, several studies on combining glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitors with chemotherapeutic agents, such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and cytarabine, showed synergistic or additive anticancer effects, reduced chemo-, radio-, and immuno-resistance, and reduced toxicity due to lowering the therapeutic doses required for desired chemotherapeutic effects, as compared with monotherapy. The combinations have been specifically effective in treating cancer glycolytic phenotypes, such as pancreatic and breast cancers. Even combining GLUT inhibitors with other glycolytic inhibitors and energy restriction mimetics seems worthwhile. Though combination clinical trials are in the early phase, initial results are intriguing. The various types of GLUTs, their role in cancer progression, GLUT inhibitors, and their anticancer mechanism of action have been reviewed several times. However, utilizing GLUT inhibitors as combination therapeutics has received little attention. We consider GLUT inhibitors agents that directly affect glucose transporters by binding to them or indirectly alter glucose transport by changing the transporters' expression level. This review mainly focuses on summarizing the effects of various combinations of GLUT inhibitors with other anticancer agents and providing a perspective on the current status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Cristina V. Iancu
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vadim Pokrovsky
- Laboratory of Combined Therapy, N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biochemistry, People’s Friendship University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Jun-yong Choe
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Department of Chemistry, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - C. S. Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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23
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Chang HW, Lee M, Lee YS, Kim SH, Lee JC, Park JJ, Nam HY, Kim MR, Han MW, Kim SW, Kim SY. p53-dependent glutamine usage determines susceptibility to oxidative stress in radioresistant head and neck cancer cells. Cell Signal 2020; 77:109820. [PMID: 33137455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The manner in which p53 maintains redox homeostasis and the means by which two key metabolic elements, glucose and glutamine, contribute to p53-dependent redox stability remain unclear. To elucidate the manner in which p53 deals with glucose-deprived, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-prone conditions in this regard, two isogenic cancer subclones (HN3R-A and HN3R-B) bearing distinct p53 mutations as an in vitro model of intratumoral p53 heterogeneity were identified. Following cumulative irradiation, the subclones showed a similar metabolic shift to aerobic glycolysis and increasing NADPH biogenesis for cellular defense against oxidative damage irrespective of p53 status. The radioresistant cancer cells became more sensitive to glycolysis-targeting drugs. However, in glucose-deprived and ROS-prone conditions, HN3R-B, the subclone with the original p53 increased the utilization of glutamine by GLS2, thereby maintaining redox homeostasis and ATP. Conversely, HN3R-A, the p53-deficient radioresistant subclone displayed an impairment in glutamine usage and high susceptibility to metabolic stresses as well as ROS-inducing agents despite the increased ROS scavenging system. Collectively, our findings suggest that p53 governs the alternative utilization of metabolic ingredients, such as glucose and glutamine, in ROS-prone conditions. Thus, p53 status may be an important biomarker for selecting cancer treatment strategies, including metabolic drugs and ROS-inducing agents, for recurrent cancers after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MyungJin Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hee Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Jung Je Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yun Nam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Woul Han
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Who Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Zhao C, Kong X, Han S, Li X, Wu T, Zhou J, Guo Y, Bu Z, Liu C, Zhang C, Jia Y. Analysis of differential metabolites in lung cancer patients based on metabolomics and bioinformatics. Future Oncol 2020; 16:1269-1287. [PMID: 32356461 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Based on metabonomics, the metabolic markers of lung cancer patients were analyzed, combined with bioinformatics to explore the underlying disease mechanism. Materials & methods: Based on case-control design, using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, urine metabolites were detected in discovery and validation set. Multivariate statistical analysis were performed to identify potential markers for lung cancer. A network analysis was constructed to integrate lung cancer disease targets with the above metabolic markers, and its possible mechanism and biological significance were explained. Results: A total of 35 potential markers were identified, 11 of which overlapped. Five key markers have a good linear correlation with serum biochemical indicators. Conclusion: The occurrence and development of lung cancer are closely related to disturbance of D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, amino acid imbalance. This test was registered on China clinical trial registration center (www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx), registration number was ChiCTR1900025543.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Chang Ling Road, Li Qi Zhuang Jie, Xi Qing District, Tianjin 300381, PR China.,Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Shuang Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, PR China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Chang Ling Road, Li Qi Zhuang Jie, Xi Qing District, Tianjin 300381, PR China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.69, Zeng Chan Road, He Bei district, Tianjin 300250, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.69, Zeng Chan Road, He Bei district, Tianjin 300250, PR China
| | - Yuzhu Guo
- Department of Oncology, Second Affliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.69, Zeng Chan Road, He Bei district, Tianjin 300250, PR China
| | - Zhichao Bu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, PR China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, PR China
| | - Chenning Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Liangxiang Town, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, PR China.,Institute of Wudang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taihe hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Remmin South Road 32, Shiyan City 442000, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yingjie Jia
- Department of Oncology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 88, Chang Ling Road, Li Qi Zhuang Jie, Xi Qing District, Tianjin 300381, PR China
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Luo Z, Xu J, Sun J, Huang H, Zhang Z, Ma W, Wan Z, Liu Y, Pardeshi A, Li S. Co-delivery of 2-Deoxyglucose and a glutamine metabolism inhibitor V9302 via a prodrug micellar formulation for synergistic targeting of metabolism in cancer. Acta Biomater 2020; 105:239-252. [PMID: 31958597 PMCID: PMC7105957 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The unique metabolic demand of cancer cells suggests a new therapeutic strategy targeting the metabolism in cancers. V9302 is a recently reported inhibitor of ASCT2 amino acid transporter which shows promising antitumor activity by blocking glutamine uptake. However, its poor solubility in aqueous solutions and tumor cells' compensatory metabolic shift to glucose metabolism may limit the antitumor efficacy of V9302. 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG), a derivative of glucose, has been developed as a potential antitumor agent through inhibiting glycolysis in tumor cells. In order to achieve enhanced antitumor effect by inhibiting both metabolic pathways, a 2-DG prodrug-based micellar carrier poly-(oligo ethylene glycol)-co-poly(4-((4-oxo-4-((4-vinylbenzyl)oxy)butyl)disulfaneyl)butanoic acid)-(2-deoxyglucose) (POEG-p-2DG) was developed. POEG-p-2DG well retained the pharmacological activity of 2-DG in vitro and in vivo, More importantly, POEG-p-2DG could self-assemble to form micelles that were capable of loading V9302 to achieve co-delivery of 2-DG and V9302. V9302-loaded POEG-p2DG micelles were small in sizes (~10 nm), showed a slow kinetics of drug release and demonstrated targeted delivery to tumor. In addition, V9302 loaded POEG-p-2DG micelles exhibited improved anti-tumor efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, 2-DG treatment further decreased the glutamine uptake when combined with V9302, likely due to inhibition of ASCT2 glycosylation. These results suggest that POEG-p2DG prodrug micelles may serve as a dual functional carrier for V9302 to achieve synergistic targeting of metabolism in cancers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Unique cancer cell's metabolism profile denotes a new therapeutic strategy. V9302 is a recently reported glutamine metabolism inhibitor that shows promising antitumor activity. However, its poor waster solubility and tumor cell's compensatory metabolic network may limit its potential clinical application. 2-Deoxyglucose(2-DG) is a widely used glycolysis inhibitor. However, its clinical application is hindered by low efficacy as monotherapy. Thus, in this study, we developed a redox-sensitive, 2-DG-based prodrug polymer, as a dual-functional carrier for co-delivery of V9302 and 2-DG as a combination strategy. V9302 loaded POEG-p-2DG micelle showed significantly improved antitumor activity through synergistic targeting of both glutamine and glycolysis metabolism pathway. More interestingly, POEG-p-2DG itself further facilitates inhibition of glutamine metabolism, likely through inhibition of ASCT2 glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyi Luo
- Center for pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Jieni Xu
- Center for pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Center for pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Haozhe Huang
- Center for pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Ziqian Zhang
- Center for pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Weina Ma
- Center for pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Zhuoya Wan
- Center for pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Yangwuyue Liu
- Center for pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Apurva Pardeshi
- Center for pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States
| | - Song Li
- Center for pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States.
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Potential Applications of NRF2 Modulators in Cancer Therapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030193. [PMID: 32106613 PMCID: PMC7139512 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) regulatory pathway plays an essential role in protecting cells and tissues from oxidative, electrophilic, and xenobiotic stress. By controlling the transactivation of over 500 cytoprotective genes, the NRF2 transcription factor has been implicated in the physiopathology of several human diseases, including cancer. In this respect, accumulating evidence indicates that NRF2 can act as a double-edged sword, being able to mediate tumor suppressive or pro-oncogenic functions, depending on the specific biological context of its activation. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms that control NRF2 functions and the most appropriate context of its activation is a prerequisite for the development of effective therapeutic strategies based on NRF2 modulation. In line of principle, the controlled activation of NRF2 might reduce the risk of cancer initiation and development in normal cells by scavenging reactive-oxygen species (ROS) and by preventing genomic instability through decreased DNA damage. In contrast however, already transformed cells with constitutive or prolonged activation of NRF2 signaling might represent a major clinical hurdle and exhibit an aggressive phenotype characterized by therapy resistance and unfavorable prognosis, requiring the use of NRF2 inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the dual roles of the NRF2-KEAP1 pathway in cancer promotion and inhibition, describing the mechanisms of its activation and potential therapeutic strategies based on the use of context-specific modulation of NRF2.
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Garcia SN, Guedes RC, Marques MM. Unlocking the Potential of HK2 in Cancer Metabolism and Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7285-7322. [PMID: 30543165 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181213092652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glycolysis is a tightly regulated process in which several enzymes, such as Hexokinases (HKs), play crucial roles. Cancer cells are characterized by specific expression levels of several isoenzymes in different metabolic pathways and these features offer possibilities for therapeutic interventions. Overexpression of HKs (mostly of the HK2 isoform) have been consistently reported in numerous types of cancer. Moreover, deletion of HK2 has been shown to decrease cancer cell proliferation without explicit side effects in animal models, which suggests that targeting HK2 is a viable strategy for cancer therapy. HK2 inhibition causes a substantial decrease of glycolysis that affects multiple pathways of central metabolism and also destabilizes the mitochondrial outer membrane, ultimately enhancing cell death. Although glycolysis inhibition has met limited success, partly due to low selectivity for specific isoforms and excessive side effects of the reported HK inhibitors, there is ample ground for progress. The current review is focused on HK2 inhibition, envisaging the development of potent and selective anticancer agents. The information on function, expression, and activity of HKs is presented, along with their structures, known inhibitors, and reported effects of HK2 ablation/inhibition. The structural features of the different isozymes are discussed, aiming to stimulate a more rational approach to the design of selective HK2 inhibitors with appropriate drug-like properties. Particular attention is dedicated to a structural and sequence comparison of the structurally similar HK1 and HK2 isoforms, aiming to unveil differences that could be explored therapeutically. Finally, several additional catalytic- and non-catalytic roles on different pathways and diseases, recently attributed to HK2, are reviewed and their implications briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara N Garcia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.,iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rita C Guedes
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Matilde Marques
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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28
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Pareek S, Nath A, Huang RS. MicroRNA targeting energy metabolism in ovarian cancer: a potent contender for future therapeutics. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 7:S299. [PMID: 32016018 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.11.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddhika Pareek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aritro Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - R Stephanie Huang
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Guo H, Kong W, Zhang L, Han J, Clark LH, Yin Y, Fang Z, Sun W, Wang J, Gilliam TP, Lee D, Makowski L, Zhou C, Bae-Jump VL. Reversal of obesity-driven aggressiveness of endometrial cancer by metformin. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2170-2193. [PMID: 31720081 PMCID: PMC6834476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and diabetes are associated with increased risk and worse outcomes for endometrial cancer. Metformin is a widely prescribed generic drug for the treatment of type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome and may also have anti-tumorigenic effects. Thus, we assessed the metabolic anti-tumorigenic effects of metformin in (1) human endometrial cancer cell lines under varying glucose concentrations, and (2) a novel genetically engineered mouse model of endometrioid endometrial cancer under obese and lean conditions. METHODS The effects of metformin on cytotoxicity, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and the AMPK/mTOR/S6 and MAPK pathways were assessed in ECC-1 and Ishikawa cells under low, normal and high glucose conditions. The impact of metformin treatment on tumor growth under obese and lean conditions was evaluated using a novel LKB1fl/fl p53fl/fl mouse model of endometrial cancer. Global, untargeted metabolomics was used to identify (1) obesity-associated differences between endometrial tumors and (2) the obesity-dependent effects of metformin in the endometrial tumors. RESULTS Hypoglycemic conditions significantly enhanced the sensitivity of the cells to metformin in regards to its anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects, as compared to hyperglycemic and normal glucose conditions. Metformin inhibited tumor growth in both the obese and lean mice, which metformin-induced inhibition of tumor progression in obese mice was significantly greater than in lean mice. Metabolomic profiling in endometrial cancer tissues revealed significant differences between obese- and lean-mice. Enhanced energy metabolism was seen in obese- versus lean-mice as evidenced by increases in glycolytic and oxidative phosphorylation intermediates. In addition, dramatic increases in lipid biosynthesis and lipid peroxidation were found in the obese- versus lean-mice, whereas metformin obviously reversed the obesity-driven upregulation of lipid and protein biosynthesis in the obese mice. CONCLUSIONS The obese state promoted tumor aggressiveness in the LKB1fl/fl p53fl/fl mouse model, accompanied by increases in energy metabolism, lipid biosynthesis, and markers of lipid peroxidation. Metformin had increased efficacy against endometrial cancer in obese versus lean mice and reversed the detrimental metabolic effects of obesity in the endometrial tumors. Taken together, it is likely that the unique metabolic milieu underlies metformin's improved efficacy in treating endometrial cancer which develop in an obese host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weimin Kong
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianjun Han
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Leslie H Clark
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yajie Yin
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ziwei Fang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Wenchuan Sun
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Timothy P Gilliam
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Liza Makowski
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphis, TN, USA
| | - Chunxiao Zhou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Victoria L Bae-Jump
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel Hill, NC, USA
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30
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Reckzeh ES, Karageorgis G, Schwalfenberg M, Ceballos J, Nowacki J, Stroet MC, Binici A, Knauer L, Brand S, Choidas A, Strohmann C, Ziegler S, Waldmann H. Inhibition of Glucose Transporters and Glutaminase Synergistically Impairs Tumor Cell Growth. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:1214-1228.e25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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31
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Hasse FC, Koerber SA, Prigge ES, Liermann J, von Knebel Doeberitz M, Debus J, Sterzing F. Overcoming radioresistance in WiDr cells with heavy ion irradiation and radiosensitization by 2-deoxyglucose with photon irradiation. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 19:52-58. [PMID: 31517070 PMCID: PMC6733777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
2-DG acts as a radiosensitizer to photons depending on the time of its application. There is no sensitization to 12C irradiation by 2-DG. 12C combination therapy still has the higher dose effectiveness.
Background and purpose Radiosensitizers and heavy ion irradiation could improve therapy for female patients with malignant tumors located in the pelvic region through dose reduction. Aim of the study was to investigate the radiosensitizing potential of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) in combination with carbon ion-irradiation (12C) in representative cell lines of cancer in the female pelvic region. Materials and methods The human cervix carcinoma cell line CaSki and the colorectal carcinoma cell line WiDr were used. 2-DG was employed in two different settings, pretreatment and treatment simultaneous to irradiation. Clonogenic survival, α and β values for application of the linear quadratic model and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) were determined. ANOVA tests were used for statistical group comparison. Isobolograms were generated for curve comparisons. Results The comparison of monotherapy with 12C versus photons yielded RBE values of 2.4 for CaSki and 3.5 for WiDr along with a significant increase of α values in the 12C setting. 2-DG monotherapy reduced the colony formation of both cell lines. Radiosensitization was found in WiDr for the combination of photon irradiation with synchronous application of 2-DG. The same setup for 12C showed no radiosensitization, but rather an additive effect. In all settings with CaSki, the combination of irradiation and 2-DG exhibited additive properties. Conclusion The combination of 2-DG and photon therapy, as well as irradiation with carbon ions can overcome radioresistance of tumor cells such as WiDr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Christian Hasse
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Alexander Koerber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Sophie Prigge
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Liermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
- Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Juergen Debus
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Sterzing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Jones AT, Narov K, Yang J, Sampson JR, Shen MH. Efficacy of Dual Inhibition of Glycolysis and Glutaminolysis for Therapy of Renal Lesions in Tsc2 +/- Mice. Neoplasia 2019; 21:230-238. [PMID: 30622053 PMCID: PMC6324218 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis is caused by mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 gene and characterized by development of tumors in multiple organs including the kidneys. TSC-associated tumors exhibit somatic loss of the second allele of the TSC genes, leading to aberrant activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Activation of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) causes addiction to glucose and glutamine in Tsc1−/−or Tsc2−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Blocking of glutamine anaplerosis in combination with glycolytic inhibition causes significant cell death in Tsc2−/− but not Tsc2+/+ MEFs. In this study, we tested efficacy of dual inhibition of glycolysis with 3-BrPA and glutaminolysis with CB-839 for renal tumors in Tsc2+/− mice. Following 2 months of treatment of Tsc2+/− mice from the age of 12 months, combination of 3-BrPA and CB-839 significantly reduced overall size and cellular areas of all renal lesions (cystic/papillary adenomas and solid carcinomas), but neither alone did. Combination of 3-BrPA and CB-839 inhibited mTORC1 and the proliferation of tumor cells but did not increase apoptosis. However, combination of 3-BrPA and CB-839 was not as efficacious as rapamycin alone or rapamycin in combination with either 3-BrPA or CB-839 for renal lesions of Tsc2+/− mice. Consistently, rapamycin alone or rapamycin in combination with either 3-BrPA or CB-839 had stronger inhibitory effects on mTORC1 and proliferation of tumor cells than combination of 3-BrPA and CB-839. We conclude that combination of 3-BRPA and CB-839 may not offer a better therapeutic strategy than rapamycin for TSC-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley T Jones
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Kalin Narov
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Julian R Sampson
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Ming Hong Shen
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Mitochondrial membrane depolarization enhances TRAIL-induced cell death in adult human granulosa tumor cells, KGN, through inhibition of BIRC5. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:89. [PMID: 30326924 PMCID: PMC6192357 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0463-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular metabolic changes that accompany malignant transformation have been heralded as hallmark features of cancer. However, metabolic signatures between neoplasms can be unique, allowing for distinctions in malignancy, invasion and chemoresistance between cancer types and subtypes. Mitochondria are central metabolic mediators, as cellular bioenergetics veers from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. Herein, we evaluate the role of mitochondria in maintenance of cellular metabolism, proliferation, and survival in the adult granulosa tumor cell line, KGN, as well as three epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines to determine distinctions in specific features. RESULTS Notably, KGN cells were susceptible to TRAIL- and cisplatin-induced death following pretreatment with the metabolic inhibitor FCCP, but not oligomycin A. Collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential was found concomitant with cell death via apoptosis, independent from extrinsic canonical apoptotic routes. Rather, treatment with FCCP resulted in elevated cytochrome c release from mitochondria and decreased responsiveness to BIRC5. Following knockdown of BIRC5, mitochondrial membrane depolarization further sensitized KGN cells to induction of apoptosis via TRAIL. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate an essential role, distinct from metabolism, for mitochondrial membrane potential in KGN cells to sense and respond to external mediators of apoptotic induction.
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Vangapandu HV, Alston B, Morse J, Ayres ML, Wierda WG, Keating MJ, Marszalek JR, Gandhi V. Biological and metabolic effects of IACS-010759, an OxPhos inhibitor, on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24980-24991. [PMID: 29861847 PMCID: PMC5982765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are replicationally quiescent but transcriptionally, translationally, and metabolically active. Recently, we demonstrated that oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) is a predominant pathway in CLL for energy production and is further augmented in the presence of the stromal microenvironment. Importantly, CLL cells from patients with poor prognostic markers showed increased OxPhos. From these data, we theorized that OxPhos can be targeted to treat CLL. IACS-010759, currently in clinical development, is a small-molecule, orally bioavailable OxPhos inhibitor that targets mitochondrial complex I. Treatment of primary CLL cells with IACS-010759 greatly inhibited OxPhos but caused only minor cell death at 24 and 48 h. In the presence of stroma, the drug successfully inhibited OxPhos and diminished intracellular ribonucleotide pools. However, glycolysis and glucose uptake were induced as compensatory mechanisms. To mitigate the upregulated glycolytic flux, we used 2-deoxy-D-glucose in combination with IACS-010759. This combination reduced both OxPhos and glycolysis and induced cell death. Consistent with these data, low-glucose culture conditions sensitized CLL cells to IACS-010759. Collectively, these data suggest that CLL cells adapt to use a different metabolic pathway when OxPhos is inhibited and that targeting both OxPhos and glycolysis pathways is necessary for biological effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hima V. Vangapandu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Brandon Alston
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joshua Morse
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary L. Ayres
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - William G. Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Michael J. Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joseph R. Marszalek
- Institute of Applied Cancer Science and the Center for Co-Clinical Trials, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Han CY, Patten DA, Richardson RB, Harper ME, Tsang BK. Tumor metabolism regulating chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer. Genes Cancer 2018; 9:155-175. [PMID: 30603053 PMCID: PMC6305103 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated metabolism is a key hallmark of multiple cancers, serving to fulfill high anabolic demands. Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in women with a high mortality rate (45%). Chemoresistance is a major hurdle for OVCA treatment. Although substantial evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming contributes to anti-apoptosis and the metastasis of multiple cancers, the link between tumor metabolism and chemoresistance in OVCA remains unknown. While clinical trials targeting metabolic reprogramming alone have been met with limited success, the synergistic effect of inhibiting tumor-specific metabolism with traditional chemotherapy warrants further examination, particularly in OVCA. This review summarizes the role of key glycolytic enzymes and other metabolic synthesis pathways in the progression of cancer and chemoresistance in OVCA. Within this context, mitochondrial dynamics (fission, fusion and cristae structure) are addressed regarding their roles in controlling metabolism and apoptosis, closely associated with chemosensitivity. The roles of multiple key oncogenes (Akt, HIF-1α) and tumor suppressors (p53, PTEN) in metabolic regulation are also described. Next, this review summarizes recent research of metabolism and future direction. Finally, we examine clinical drugs and inhibitors to target glycolytic metabolism, as well as the rationale for such strategies as potential therapeutics to overcome chemoresistant OVCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Young Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A. Patten
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Radiobiology and Health Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Richard B. Richardson
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Radiobiology and Health Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Benjamin K. Tsang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
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Dai X, Kaluz S, Jiang Y, Shi L, Mckinley D, Wang Y, Wang B, Van Meir EG, Tan C. A novel small-molecule arylsulfonamide causes energetic stress and suppresses breast and lung tumor growth and metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99245-99260. [PMID: 29245898 PMCID: PMC5725089 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic cells display reprogrammed metabolism due to the heightened energetic demands and the need for biomass synthesis of a growing tumor. Targeting metabolic vulnerabilities is thus an important goal for cancer therapy. Here, we describe a novel small-molecule arylsulfonamide (N-cyclobutyl-N-((2,2-dimethyl-2H-pyrano[3,2-b]pyridin-6-yl)methyl)-3,4-dimethoxybenzenesulfonamide) that exerts potent cytotoxicity and energetic stress on tumor cells while largely sparing non-cancerous human cells. In tumor cells, it stimulates glycolysis and accelerates glucose consumption. Consequently, intracellular ATP levels plummet, triggering activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and diminishing the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) signaling. In orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer and subcutaneous lung cancer mouse models, this arylsulfonamide robustly suppresses primary tumor growth, inhibits the formation of distant metastases to the lung, and extends mouse survival while being very well tolerated. These therapeutic effects are further potentiated by co-administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a glucose analog and glycolysis inhibitor. Collectively, our findings provide preclinical proof of concept for the further development of this arylsulfonamide in combination with 2-DG towards cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Stefan Kaluz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - DeAngelo Mckinley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yingzhe Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erwin G Van Meir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chalet Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
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