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Kherroubi S, Morjen M, Teka N, Mraihi F, Srairi-Abid N, Le Cerf D, Marrakchi N, Majdoub H, Cherif JK, Jebali J, Ternane R. Chemical characterization and pharmacological properties of polysaccharides from Allium roseum leaves: In vitro and in vivo assays. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134302. [PMID: 39094866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Allium roseum is amongst the most important wild medicinal plants. It is known for its diverse biological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic activities. In this work, the polysaccharides (PARLs) were ultrasonically extracted from Allium roesum leaves then purified and analyzed by several techniques. Chemical composition and GC-MS analysis showed that the obtained polysaccharides were composed mainly of glucose (40.20 %), mannose (25.30 %), fructose (10.60 %) and galacturonic acid (15.11 %). Moreover, PARLs exhibited a potent antioxidant effect with higher capacities up to 69.61 % and 71.72 % for DPPH and ABTS free radicals, respectively. Furthermore, PARLs significantly modulated inflammatory response by reducing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 pro-inflammatory mediators and promoting the anti-inflammatory IL-10 mediator in LPS stimulated THP-1 derived macrophages. The in-vivo tests proved that the extract was able to decrease carrageenan-induced rat paw swelling by around 68.15 % after 4 h of treatment. PARLs, significantly reduced the growth of U87 (glioblastoma) and IGROV-1 cancer cells with IC50 values of about 4.27 and 7.89 mg/mL respectively. This research clearly shows that Allium roseum polysaccharides can be used as natural antioxidants with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kherroubi
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Maram Morjen
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Nesrine Teka
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, LR11ES55 Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Farouk Mraihi
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Najet Srairi-Abid
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS (UMR 6270 & FR 3038), 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Naziha Marrakchi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; University of Tunis El Manar, Medicine School of Tunis, La Rabta, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Majdoub
- University of Monastir, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, LR11ES55 Laboratory of Interfaces and Advanced Materials (LIMA), Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
| | - Jamila Kalthoum Cherif
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
| | - Jed Jebali
- University of Tunis El Manar, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, LR20IPT01 Laboratory of Biomolecules, Venoms and Theranostic Applications (LBVAT), Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
| | - Riadh Ternane
- University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR05ES09 Laboratory of Application of Chemistry to Natural Resources and Substances and the Environment (LACReSNE), Bizerte 7021, Tunisia
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2
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Alkandahri MY, Sadino A, Pamungkas BT, Oktoba Z, Arfania M, Yuniarsih N, Wahyuningsih ES, Dewi Y, Winarti SA, Dinita ST. Potential Nephroprotective Effect of Kaempferol: Biosynthesis, Mechanisms of Action, and Clinical Prospects. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:8907717. [PMID: 39377015 PMCID: PMC11458287 DOI: 10.1155/2024/8907717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney is an essential organ that is highly susceptible to cellular injury caused by various toxic substances in the blood. Several studies have shown that untreated injuries to this organ can cause glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and tubular cell apoptosis, leading to kidney failure. Despite significant advancements in modern treatment, there is no fully effective drug for repairing its function, providing complete protection, and assisting in cell regeneration. Furthermore, some available medications have been reported to exacerbate injuries, showing the need to explore alternative treatments. Natural drugs are currently being explored as a new therapeutic strategy for managing kidney diseases. Kaempferol, a polyphenol found in plants, including vegetables, legumes, and fruits, has been extensively studied in various nephrotoxicity protocols. The compound has been reported to have potential as a nephroprotective agent with beneficial effects on various physiological pathways, such as CPL-induced kidney injury, DOX, LPO, ROS, RCC, and diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, this study aims to provide a brief overview of the current nephroprotective effects of kaempferol, as well as its molecular mechanisms of action, biosynthesis pathways, and clinical prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Asman Sadino
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of Mathematics and Natural ScienceUniversitas Garut, Garut, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Barolym Tri Pamungkas
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Zulpakor Oktoba
- Department of PharmacyFaculty of MedicineUniversitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia
| | - Maya Arfania
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical PharmacyFaculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nia Yuniarsih
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Eko Sri Wahyuningsih
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yuliani Dewi
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sri Ayu Winarti
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sri Tantia Dinita
- Faculty of PharmacyUniversitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia
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Lee J, Han Y, Kim S, Jo H, Wang W, Cho U, Kim SI, Kim B, Song YS. Mitochondrial fission enhances IL-6-induced metastatic potential in ovarian cancer via ERK1/2 activation. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1536-1550. [PMID: 38433313 PMCID: PMC11093201 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecologic cancer mostly diagnosed in an advanced stage with an accumulation of ascites. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine is highly elevated in malignant ascites and plays a pleiotropic role in cancer progression. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion in response to external stimuli and dysregulation in their dynamics has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we investigate the effect of IL-6 on mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian cancer cells (OVCs) and its impact on metastatic potential. Treatment with IL-6 on ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and PA-1) led to an elevation in the metastatic potential of OVCs. Interestingly, a positive association was observed between dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a regulator of mitochondrial fission, and IL-6R in metastatic ovarian cancer tissues. Additionally, IL-6 treatment on OVCs was linked to the activation of Drp1, with a notable increase in the ratio of the inhibitory form p-Drp1(S637) to the active form p-Drp1(S616), indicating enhanced mitochondrial fission. Moreover, IL-6 treatment triggered the activation of ERK1/2, and inhibiting ERK1/2 mitigated IL-6-induced mitochondrial fission. Suppressing mitochondrial fission through siRNA transfection and a pharmacological inhibitor reduced the IL-6-induced migration and invasion of OVCs. This was further supported by 3D invasion assays using patient-derived spheroids. Altogether, our study suggests the role of mitochondrial fission in the metastatic potential of OVCs induced by IL-6. The inhibition of mitochondrial fission could be a potential therapeutic approach to suppress the metastasis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Lee
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Youngjin Han
- Cancer Research Institute, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Soochi Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of AgingStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - HyunA Jo
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Untack Cho
- Cancer Research Institute, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Se Ik Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Boyun Kim
- Department of SmartBio, College of Life and Health ScienceKyungsung UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
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Sharma V, Arora A, Bansal S, Semwal A, Sharma M, Aggarwal A. Role of bio-flavonols and their derivatives in improving mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with pancreatic tumorigenesis. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3920. [PMID: 38269510 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria, a cellular metabolic center, efficiently fulfill cellular energy needs and regulate crucial metabolic processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Alteration in the mitochondrial functions leads to metabolic imbalances and altered extracellular matrix dynamics in the host, utilized by solid tumors like pancreatic cancer (PC) to get energy benefits for fast-growing cancer cells. PC is highly heterogeneous and remains unidentified for a longer time because of its complex pathophysiology, retroperitoneal position, and lack of efficient diagnostic approaches, which is the foremost reason for accounting for the seventh leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. PC cells often respond poorly to current therapeutics because of dense stromal barriers in the pancreatic tumor microenvironment, which limit the drug delivery and distribution of antitumor immune cell populations. As an alternative approach, various natural compounds like flavonoids are reported to possess potent antioxidant and anticancerous properties and are less toxic than current chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, we aim to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacological properties of flavonols in PC in this review from the perspective of mitigating mitochondrial dysfunctions associated with cancer cells. Our literature survey indicates that flavonols efficiently regulate cellular metabolism by scavenging reactive oxygen species, mitigating inflammation, and arresting the cell cycle to promote apoptosis in tumor cells via intrinsic mitochondrial pathways. In particular, flavonols proficiently inhibit the cancer-associated proliferation and inflammatory pathways such as EGFR/MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and nuclear factor κB in PC. Overall, this review provides in-depth evidence about the therapeutic potential of flavonols for future anticancer strategies against PC; still, more multidisciplinary human interventional studies are required to dissect their pharmacological effect accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Arora
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Semwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Mayank Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Anjali Aggarwal
- Department of Anatomy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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5
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Zihlif M, Hameduh T, Bulatova N, Hammad H. Alteration in the expression of the chemotherapy resistance‑related genes in response to chronic and acute hypoxia in pancreatic cancer. Biomed Rep 2023; 19:88. [PMID: 37901880 PMCID: PMC10603373 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is currently one of the least curable types of human cancer and remains a key health problem. One of the most important characteristics of pancreatic cancer is its ability to grow under hypoxic conditions. Hypoxia is associated with resistance of cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. It is a major contributor to pancreatic cancer genetic instability, which local and systemic resistance that may result in poor clinical outcome. Accordingly, identifying gene expression changes in cancer resistance genes that occur under hypoxic conditions may identify a new therapeutic target. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between hypoxia and resistance to chemotherapy and determine the alteration in the expression of cancer resistance-related genes in the presence of hypoxia. Pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1) were exposed to 8 h hypoxic episodes (<1% oxygen) three times/week for a total of 20 episodes (chronic hypoxia) or 72 h hypoxic episodes twice/week for a total of 10 episodes (acute hypoxia). The alterations in gene expression were examined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR array compared with normoxic cells. Chemoresistance of hypoxic cells toward doxorubicin was assessed using MTT cell proliferation assay. Both chronic and acute hypoxia induced chemoresistance toward doxorubicin in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cell line. The greatest changes occurred in estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene (ESR1) and ETS Like-1 protein (ELK1) pathways, in nucleic transcription factor Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and in a cell cycle inhibitor cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (CDKN1A). The present study demonstrated that exposing cells to prolonged hypoxia results in different gene expression changes involving pleotropic pathways that serve a role in inducing resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Tareq Hameduh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Nailya Bulatova
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hana Hammad
- Department of Biology, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Bonomini F, Favero G, Petroni A, Paroni R, Rezzani R. Melatonin Modulates the SIRT1-Related Pathways via Transdermal Cryopass-Laser Administration in Prostate Tumor Xenograft. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4908. [PMID: 37894275 PMCID: PMC10605886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin displays antitumor activity in several types of malignancies; however, the best delivery route and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Alternative non-invasive delivery route based on transdermal administration of melatonin by cryopass-laser treatment demonstrated efficiency in reducing the progression of LNCaP prostate tumor cells xenografted into nude mice by impairing the biochemical pathways affecting redox balance. Here, we investigated the impact of transdermal melatonin on the tumor dimension, microenvironment structure, and SIRT1-modulated pathways. Two groups (vehicle cryopass-laser and melatonin cryopass-laser) were treated for 6 weeks (3 treatments per week), and the tumors collected were analyzed for hematoxylin eosin staining, sirius red, and SIRT1 modulated proteins such as PGC-1α, PPARγ, and NFkB. Melatonin in addition to simple laser treatment was able to boost the antitumor cancer activity impairing the tumor microenvironment, increasing the collagen structure around the tumor, and modulating the altered SIRT1 pathways. Transdermal application is effective, safe, and feasible in humans as well, and the significance of these findings necessitates further studies on the antitumor mechanisms exerted by melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bonomini
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Italian Society for the Study of Orofacial Pain (Società Italiana Studio Dolore Orofacciale—SISDO), 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia Favero
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Petroni
- Biomedicine and Nutrition Research Network, Via Paracelso 1, 20129 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20142 Milan, Italy;
| | - Rita Rezzani
- Anatomy and Physiopathology Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (F.B.); (G.F.)
- Interdipartimental University Center of Research “Adaption and Regeneration of Tissues and Organs (ARTO)”, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Italian Society for the Study of Orofacial Pain (Società Italiana Studio Dolore Orofacciale—SISDO), 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Grieco JP, Compton SLE, Davis GN, Guinan J, Schmelz EM. Genetic and Functional Modifications Associated with Ovarian Cancer Cell Aggregation and Limited Culture Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14867. [PMID: 37834315 PMCID: PMC10573375 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggregation of cancer cells provides a survival signal for disseminating cancer cells; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. Using qPCR gene arrays, this study investigated the changes in cancer-specific genes as well as genes regulating mitochondrial quality control, metabolism, and oxidative stress in response to aggregation and hypoxia in our progressive ovarian cancer models representing slow- and fast-developing ovarian cancer. Aggregation increased the expression of anti-apoptotic, stemness, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenic, mitophagic, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes and functions, and decreased proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and mitochondrial content genes and functions. The incorporation of stromal vascular cells (SVF) from obese mice into the spheroids increased DNA repair and telomere regulatory genes that may represent a link between obesity and ovarian cancer risk. While glucose had no effect, glutamine was essential for aggregation and supported proliferation of the spheroid. In contrast, low glucose and hypoxic culture conditions delayed adhesion and outgrowth capacity of the spheroids independent of their phenotype, decreased mitochondrial mass and polarity, and induced a shift of mitochondrial dynamics towards mitophagy. However, these conditions did not reduce the appearance of polarized mitochondria at adhesion sites, suggesting that adhesion signals that either reversed mitochondrial fragmentation or induced mitobiogenesis can override the impact of low glucose and oxygen levels. Thus, the plasticity of the spheroids' phenotype supports viability during dissemination, allows for the adaptation to changing conditions such as oxygen and nutrient availability. This may be critical for the development of an aggressive cancer phenotype and, therefore, could represent druggable targets for clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P. Grieco
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Stephanie L. E. Compton
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (S.L.E.C.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Grace N. Davis
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (S.L.E.C.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Jack Guinan
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (S.L.E.C.); (G.D.N.)
| | - Eva M. Schmelz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (S.L.E.C.); (G.D.N.)
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Liu Y, Huang N, Qiao X, Gu Z, Wu Y, Li J, Wu C, Li B, Li L. Knockdown of PGC1α suppresses dysplastic oral keratinocytes proliferation through reprogramming energy metabolism. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:37. [PMID: 37661238 PMCID: PMC10475463 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-023-00242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are precursors of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Deregulated cellular energy metabolism is a critical hallmark of cancer cells. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC1α) plays vital role in mitochondrial energy metabolism. However, the molecular mechanism of PGC1α on OPMDs progression is less unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of knockdown PGC1α on human dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOKs) comprehensively, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, xenograft tumor, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes (ETC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxygen consumption rate (OCR), extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), and glucose uptake. We found that knockdown PGC1α significantly inhibited the proliferation of DOKs in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, induced S-phase arrest, and suppressed PI3K/Akt signaling pathway without affecting cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, downregulated of PGC1α decreased mtDNA, ETC, and OCR, while enhancing ROS, glucose uptake, ECAR, and glycolysis by regulating lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA). Moreover, SR18292 (an inhibitor of PGC1α) induced oxidative phosphorylation dysfunction of DOKs and declined DOK xenograft tumor progression. Thus, our work suggests that PGC1α plays a crucial role in cell proliferation by reprograming energy metabolism and interfering with energy metabolism, acting as a potential therapeutic target for OPMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nengwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianghe Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyu Gu
- Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yongzhi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengzhou Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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9
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Garimella SV, Gampa SC, Chaturvedi P. Mitochondria in Cancer Stem Cells: From an Innocent Bystander to a Central Player in Therapy Resistance. Stem Cells Cloning 2023; 16:19-41. [PMID: 37641714 PMCID: PMC10460581 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s417842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to rank among the world's leading causes of mortality despite advancements in treatment. Cancer stem cells, which can self-renew, are present in low abundance and contribute significantly to tumor recurrence, tumorigenicity, and drug resistance to various therapies. The drug resistance observed in cancer stem cells is attributed to several factors, such as cellular quiescence, dormancy, elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, apoptosis evasion mechanisms, high expression of drug efflux pumps, protective vascular niche, enhanced DNA damage response, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, hypoxic stability, and stemness-related signaling pathways. Multiple studies have shown that mitochondria play a pivotal role in conferring drug resistance to cancer stem cells, through mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, and dynamics. A better understanding of how mitochondria contribute to tumorigenesis, heterogeneity, and drug resistance could lead to the development of innovative cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sireesha V Garimella
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Siri Chandana Gampa
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Science, GITAM (Deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530045, India
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Parekh N, Garg A, Choudhary R, Gupta M, Kaur G, Ramniwas S, Shahwan M, Tuli HS, Sethi G. The Role of Natural Flavonoids as Telomerase Inhibitors in Suppressing Cancer Growth. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040605. [PMID: 37111362 PMCID: PMC10143453 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and multifaceted group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. While cancer can be challenging and life-altering, advances in research and development have led to the identification of new promising anti-cancer targets. Telomerase is one such target that is overexpressed in almost all cancer cells and plays a critical role in maintaining telomere length, which is essential for cell proliferation and survival. Inhibiting telomerase activity can lead to telomere shortening and eventual cell death, thus presenting itself as a potential target for cancer therapy. Naturally occurring flavonoids are a class of compounds that have already been shown to possess different biological properties, including the anti-cancer property. They are present in various everyday food sources and richly present in fruits, nuts, soybeans, vegetables, tea, wine, and berries, to name a few. Thus, these flavonoids could inhibit or deactivate telomerase expression in cancer cells by different mechanisms, which include inhibiting the expression of hTERT, mRNA, protein, and nuclear translocation, inhibiting the binding of transcription factors to hTERT promoters, and even telomere shortening. Numerous cell line studies and in vivo experiments have supported this hypothesis, and this development could serve as a vital and innovative therapeutic option for cancer. In this light, we aim to elucidate the role of telomerase as a potential anti-cancer target. Subsequently, we have illustrated that how commonly found natural flavonoids demonstrate their anti-cancer activity via telomerase inactivation in different cancer types, thus proving the potential of these naturally occurring flavonoids as useful therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Parekh
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Department of P.G. Studies and Research in Chemistry and Pharmacy, Rani Durgavati University Jabalpur, Jabalpur 482001, India
| | - Renuka Choudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar, Deemed to be University, Ambala 133207, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, India
| | - Moyad Shahwan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar, Deemed to be University, Ambala 133207, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
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11
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Selvaraj C, Ramalingam KR, Velmurugan D, Singh SK. Transcriptional regulatory mechanisms and signaling networks in cancer. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:1-20. [PMID: 36858731 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a general term that refers to a wide range of illnesses that are characterized by the development of aberrant cells that have the capacity to divide uncontrollably, invade, and harm healthy tissue. It is caused by both genetic and epigenetic changes that suppress abnormal proliferation and prevent cells from surviving outside of their normal niches. Complex protein networks are responsible for the development of a suitable environment via multiple cells signaling pathways. The study of these pathways is essential for analysing network context and developing novel cancer therapies. Transcription factors (TFs) are actively involved in gene expression and maintain the combinatorial on-and-off states of the gene. In addition, the TFs regulate cell identity and state; these TFs cooperate to establish cell-type-specific gene expression. In this chapter, we describe the number of transcription factors and their role in the progression of cancer. The knowledge of transcriptional factors and their network is crucial for emphasizing the specific transcriptional addiction and for designing new anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Karthik Raja Ramalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, Division of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devadasan Velmurugan
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Design and Molecular Modelling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Science Block, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Rickard BP, Overchuk M, Obaid G, Ruhi MK, Demirci U, Fenton SE, Santos JH, Kessel D, Rizvi I. Photochemical Targeting of Mitochondria to Overcome Chemoresistance in Ovarian Cancer †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:448-468. [PMID: 36117466 PMCID: PMC10043796 DOI: 10.1111/php.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy with a stubborn mortality rate of ~65%. The persistent failure of multiline chemotherapy, and significant tumor heterogeneity, has made it challenging to improve outcomes. A target of increasing interest is the mitochondrion because of its essential role in critical cellular functions, and the significance of metabolic adaptation in chemoresistance. This review describes mitochondrial processes, including metabolic reprogramming, mitochondrial transfer and mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. The effect of malignant ascites, or excess peritoneal fluid, on mitochondrial function is discussed. The role of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in overcoming mitochondria-mediated resistance is presented. PDT, a photochemistry-based modality, involves the light-based activation of a photosensitizer leading to the production of short-lived reactive molecular species and spatiotemporally confined photodamage to nearby organelles and biological targets. The consequential effects range from subcytotoxic priming of target cells for increased sensitivity to subsequent treatments, such as chemotherapy, to direct cell killing. This review discusses how PDT-based approaches can address key limitations of current treatments. Specifically, an overview of the mechanisms by which PDT alters mitochondrial function, and a summary of preclinical advancements and clinical PDT experience in ovarian cancer are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marta Overchuk
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX 95080, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - David Kessel
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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13
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Powell NR, Silvola RM, Howard JS, Badve S, Skaar TC, Ipe J. Quantification of spatial pharmacogene expression heterogeneity in breast tumors. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1686. [PMID: 35906899 PMCID: PMC9875649 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapeutic drug concentrations vary across different regions of tumors and this is thought to be involved in development of chemotherapy resistance. Insufficient drug delivery to some regions of the tumor may be due to spatial differences in expression of genes involved in the disposition, transport, and detoxification of drugs (pharmacogenes). Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the spatial expression of 286 pharmacogenes in six breast cancer tissues using the recently developed Visium spatial transcriptomics platform to (1) determine if these pharmacogenes are expressed heterogeneously across tumor tissue and (2) to determine which pharmacogenes have the most spatial expression heterogeneity. METHODS AND RESULTS The spatial transcriptomics technology sequences the transcriptome of 55 um diameter barcoded sections (spots) across a tissue sample. We analyzed spatial gene expression profiles of four biobank-sourced breast tumor samples in addition to two breast tumor sample datasets from 10× Genomics. We define heterogeneity as the interquartile range of read counts. Collectively, we identified 8887 spots in tumor regions, 3814 in stroma, 44 in lymphocytes, and 116 in normal regions based on pathologist annotation of the tissues. We showed statistically significant differences in expression of pharmacogenes in tumor regions compared to surrounding non-tumor regions. We also observed that the most heterogeneously expressed genes within tumor regions were involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) handling and detoxification mechanisms. GPX4, GSTP1, MGST3, SOD1, CYP4Z1, CYB5R3, GSTK1, and NAT1 showed the most heterogeneous expression within tumor regions. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneous expression of these pharmacogenes may have important implications for cancer therapy due to their ability to impact drug distribution and efficacy throughout the tumor. Our results suggest that chemoresistance caused by expression of GPX4, GSTP1, MGST3, and SOD1 may be intrinsic, not acquired, since the heterogeneity is not specific to chemotherapy-treated samples or cell type. Additionally, we identified candidate chemoresistance pharmacogenes that can be further tested through focused follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R. Powell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Rebecca M. Silvola
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - John S. Howard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Sunil Badve
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Todd C. Skaar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Joseph Ipe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical PharmacologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
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14
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Qattan MY, Khan MI, Alharbi SH, Verma AK, Al-Saeed FA, Abduallah AM, Al Areefy AA. Therapeutic Importance of Kaempferol in the Treatment of Cancer through the Modulation of Cell Signalling Pathways. Molecules 2022; 27:8864. [PMID: 36557997 PMCID: PMC9788613 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived flavonoids are considered natural nontoxic chemo-preventers and have been widely studied for cancer treatment in recent decades. Mostly all flavonoid compounds show significant anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant properties. Kaempferol (Kmp) is a well-studied compound and exhibits remarkable anticancer and antioxidant potential. Kmp can regulate various cancer-related processes and activities such as cell cycle, oxidative stress, apoptosis, proliferation, metastasis, and angiogenesis. The anti-cancer properties of Kmp primarily occur via modulation of apoptosis, MAPK/ERK1/2, P13K/Akt/mTOR, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling pathways. The anti-cancer property of Kmp has been recognized in several in-vivo and in-vitro studies which also includes numerous cell lines and animal models. This flavonoid possesses toxic activities against only cancer cells and have restricted toxicity on healthy cells. In this review, we present extensive research investigations about the therapeutic potential of Kmp in the management of different types of cancers. The anti-cancer properties of Kmp are discussed by concentration on its capability to target molecular-signalling pathway such as VEGF, STAT, p53, NF-κB and PI3K-AKT signalling pathways. The anti-cancer property of Kmf has gained a lot of attention, but the accurate action mechanism remains unclear. However, this natural compound has a great pharmacological capability and is now considered to be an alternative cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak Yahia Qattan
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Applied Studies and Community Service, King Saud University, KSA- 4545, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass 51921, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shudayyed Hasham Alharbi
- Pharmacy Department, Maternity and Children Hospital (MCH), Qassim Cluster, Ministry of Health, Buraydah 52384, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amit Kumar Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Fatimah A. Al-Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Centre for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alduwish Manal Abduallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkarj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza A. Al Areefy
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Nutrition & Food Science Department, Faculty of Home Economics, Helwan University, P.O. Box 11795, Cairo 11281, Egypt
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15
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Papadaki S, Magklara A. Regulation of Metabolic Plasticity in Cancer Stem Cells and Implications in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5912. [PMID: 36497394 PMCID: PMC9741285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells with self-renewal capacity, have been associated with tumor initiation, progression, and therapy resistance. While the bulk of tumor cells mainly use glycolysis for energy production, CSCs have gained attention for their ability to switch between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, depending on their energy needs and stimuli from their microenvironment. This metabolic plasticity is mediated by signaling pathways that are also implicated in the regulation of CSC properties, such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Hippo networks. Two other stemness-associated processes, autophagy and hypoxia, seem to play a role in the metabolic switching of CSCs as well. Importantly, accumulating evidence has linked the metabolic plasticity of CSCs to their increased resistance to treatment. In this review, we summarize the metabolic signatures of CSCs and the pathways that regulate them; we especially highlight research data that demonstrate the metabolic adaptability of these cells and their role in stemness and therapy resistance. As the development of drug resistance is a major challenge for successful cancer treatment, the potential of specific elimination of CSCs through targeting their metabolism is of great interest and it is particularly examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Papadaki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki Magklara
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Biomedical Research Institute–Foundation for Research and Technology, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Institute of Biosciences, University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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16
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Sui GY, Wang F, Lee J, Roh YS. Mitochondrial Control in Inflammatory Gastrointestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14890. [PMID: 36499214 PMCID: PMC9736936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC). The maintenance of mitochondrial function is necessary for a stable immune system. Mitochondrial dysfunction in the gastrointestinal system leads to the excessive activation of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways, leading to IBD and increased severity of CRC. In this review, we focus on the mitochondria and inflammatory signaling pathways and its related gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Yan Sui
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yoon Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Republic of Korea
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17
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Zheng P, Zhou C, Lu L, Liu B, Ding Y. Elesclomol: a copper ionophore targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:271. [PMID: 36089608 PMCID: PMC9465867 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02485-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Elesclomol is an anticancer drug that targets mitochondrial metabolism. In the past, elesclomol was recognized as an inducer of oxidative stress, but now it has also been found to suppress cancer by inducing cuproptosis. Elesclomol’s anticancer activity is determined by the dependence of cancer on mitochondrial metabolism. The mitochondrial metabolism of cancer stem cells, cancer cells resistant to platinum drugs, proteasome inhibitors, molecularly targeted drugs, and cancer cells with inhibited glycolysis was significantly enhanced. Elesclomol exhibited tremendous toxicity to all three kinds of cells. Elesclomol's toxicity to cells is highly dependent on its transport of extracellular copper ions, a process involved in cuproptosis. The discovery of cuproptosis has perfected the specific cancer suppressor mechanism of elesclomol. For some time, elesclomol failed to yield favorable results in oncology clinical trials, but its safety in clinical application was confirmed. Research progress on the relationship between elesclomol, mitochondrial metabolism and cuproptosis provides a possibility to explore the reapplication of elesclomol in the clinic. New clinical trials should selectively target cancer types with high mitochondrial metabolism and attempt to combine elesclomol with platinum, proteasome inhibitors, molecularly targeted drugs, or glycolysis inhibitors. Herein, the particular anticancer mechanism of elesclomol and its relationship with mitochondrial metabolism and cuproptosis will be presented, which may shed light on the better application of elesclomol in clinical tumor treatment.
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18
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Baczewska M, Supruniuk E, Bojczuk K, Guzik P, Milewska P, Konończuk K, Dobroch J, Chabowski A, Knapp P. Energy Substrate Transporters in High-Grade Ovarian Cancer: Gene Expression and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168968. [PMID: 36012230 PMCID: PMC9408757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a non-homogenous malignancy. High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common subtype, and its drug resistance mechanisms remain unclear. Despite the advantages of modern pharmacotherapy, high-grade ovarian cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and research into targeted therapies is in progress. The aim of the study was to assess the dominant energy substrate transport mechanism in ovarian cancer cells and to verify whether genomic aberrations could predict clinical outcomes using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Total RNA was extracted from HGSC frozen tissues, and the expression of selected genes was compared to respective controls. GLUT1, FABPpm, MCT4 and SNAT1 genes were significantly overexpressed in carcinomas compared with controls, while expression of CD36/SR-B2, FATP1, FABP4, GLUT4, ASCT2 and LPL was decreased. No differences were found in FATP4, LAT1, MCT1 and FASN. The transcript content of mitochondrial genes such as PGC-1α, TFAM and COX4/1 was similar between groups, while the β-HAD level declined in ovarian cancer. Additionally, the MCT4 level was reduced and PGC-1α was elevated in cancer tissue from patients with ‘small’ primary tumor and omental invasion accompanied by ascites as compared to patients that exhibited greater tendencies to metastasize to lymph nodes with clear omentum. Based on TCGA, higher FABP4 and LPL and lower TFAM expression indicated poorer overall survival in patients with ovarian cancer. In conclusion, the presented data show that there is no exclusive energy substrate in HGSC. However, this study indicates the advantage of glucose and lactate transport over fatty acids, thereby suggesting potential therapeutic intervention targets to impede ovarian cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baczewska
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-8317757
| | - Elżbieta Supruniuk
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Klaudia Bojczuk
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Guzik
- Clinical Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, City Hospital, Rycerska 4 Street, 35-241 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Milewska
- Biobank, Department of Medical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13 Street, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Konończuk
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 17 Street, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jakub Dobroch
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2C Street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Knapp
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- University Oncology Center, University Clinical Hospital in Bialystok, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A Street, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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19
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Jin P, Jiang J, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Huang C, Fu L. Mitochondrial adaptation in cancer drug resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 35851420 PMCID: PMC9290242 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile environment are largely unknown. As the central organelle for cellular energy supply, mitochondria can rapidly undergo dynamic changes and integrate cellular signaling pathways to provide bioenergetic and biosynthetic flexibility for cancer cells, which contributes to multiple aspects of tumor characteristics, including drug resistance. Therefore, targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy and overcoming drug resistance has attracted increasing attention for various types of cancer. Multiple mitochondrial adaptation processes, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial apoptotic regulatory machinery, have been demonstrated to be potential targets. However, recent increasing insights into mitochondria have revealed the complexity of mitochondrial structure and functions, the elusive functions of mitochondria in tumor biology, and the targeting inaccessibility of mitochondria, which have posed challenges for the clinical application of mitochondrial-based cancer therapeutic strategies. Therefore, discovery of both novel mitochondria-targeting agents and innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches is urgently required. Here, we review the most recent literature to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial stress adaptation and their intricate connection with cancer drug resistance. In addition, an overview of the emerging strategies to target mitochondria for effectively overcoming chemoresistance is highlighted, with an emphasis on drug repositioning and mitochondrial drug delivery approaches, which may accelerate the application of mitochondria-targeting compounds for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Stieg DC, Wang Y, Liu LZ, Jiang BH. ROS and miRNA Dysregulation in Ovarian Cancer Development, Angiogenesis and Therapeutic Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126702. [PMID: 35743145 PMCID: PMC9223852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse repertoires of cellular mechanisms that progress certain cancer types are being uncovered by recent research and leading to more effective treatment options. Ovarian cancer (OC) is among the most difficult cancers to treat. OC has limited treatment options, especially for patients diagnosed with late-stage OC. The dysregulation of miRNAs in OC plays a significant role in tumorigenesis through the alteration of a multitude of molecular processes. The development of OC can also be due to the utilization of endogenously derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK. Both miRNAs and ROS are involved in regulating OC angiogenesis through mediating multiple angiogenic factors such as hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The NAPDH oxidase subunit NOX4 plays an important role in inducing endogenous ROS production in OC. This review will discuss several important miRNAs, NOX4, and ROS, which contribute to therapeutic resistance in OC, highlighting the effective therapeutic potential of OC through these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C. Stieg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (D.C.S.); (L.-Z.L.)
| | - Yifang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
| | - Ling-Zhi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (D.C.S.); (L.-Z.L.)
| | - Bing-Hua Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Caminear MW, Harrington BS, Kamdar RD, Kruhlak MJ, Annunziata CM. Disulfiram Transcends ALDH Inhibitory Activity When Targeting Ovarian Cancer Tumor-Initiating Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:762820. [PMID: 35372040 PMCID: PMC8967967 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.762820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a global health burden and remains the fifth leading cause of cancer related death in women worldwide with the poorest five-year survival rate of the gynecological malignancies. EOC recurrence is considered to be driven by the survival of chemoresistant, stem-like tumor-initiating cells (TICs). We previously showed that disulfiram, an ALDH inhibitor, effectively targeted TICs compared to adherent EOC cells in terms of viability, spheroid formation, oxidative stress and also prevented relapse in an in vivo model of EOC. In this study we sought to determine whether specific targeting of ALDH isoenzyme ALDH1A1 would provide similar benefit to broader pathway inhibition by disulfiram. NCT-505 and NCT-506 are isoenzyme-specific ALDH1A1 inhibitors whose activity was compared to the effects of disulfiram. Following treatment with both the NCTs and disulfiram, the viability of TICs versus adherent cells, sphere formation, and cell death in our in vitro relapse model were measured and compared in EOC cell lines. We found that disulfiram decreased the viability of TICs significantly more effectively versus adherent cells, while no consistent trend was observed when the cells were treated with the NCTs. Disulfiram also affected the expression of proteins associated with NFκB signaling. Comparison of disulfiram to the direct targeting of ALDH1A1 with the NCTs suggests that the broader cellular effects of disulfiram are more suitable as a therapeutic to eradicate TICs from tumors and prevent EOC relapse. In addition to providing insight into a fitting treatment for TICs, the comparison of disulfiram to NCT-505 and -506 has increased our understanding of the mechanism of action of disulfiram. Further elucidation of the mechanism of disulfiram has the potential to reveal additional targets to treat EOC TICs and prevent disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Caminear
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brittney S. Harrington
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rahul D. Kamdar
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael J. Kruhlak
- Center for Cancer Research (CCR) Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christina M. Annunziata
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Christina M. Annunziata,
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22
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Valashedi MR, Najafi-Ghalehlou N, Nikoo A, Bamshad C, Tomita K, Kuwahara Y, Sato T, Roushandeh AM, Roudkenar MH. Cashing in on ferroptosis against tumor cells: Usher in the next chapter. Life Sci 2021; 285:119958. [PMID: 34534562 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a new type of non-apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) driven by unrestricted lethal lipid peroxidation, which is totally distinct from other forms of RCD in genetic and biochemical characteristics. It is generally believed that iron dependency, malfunction of the redox system, and excessive lipid peroxidation are the main hallmarks of ferroptosis. Accumulating pieces of evidence over the past few years have shown that ferroptosis is tightly related to various types of diseases, especially cancers. Ferroptosis has recently attracted great attention in the field of cancer research. A plethora of evidence shows that employing ferroptosis as a powerful weapon can remarkably enhance the efficacy of tumor cell annihilation. Better knowledge of the ferroptosis mechanisms and their interplay with cancer biology would enable us to use this fashionable tool in the best way. Herein, we will briefly present the relevant mechanisms of ferroptosis, the multifaceted relation between ferroptosis and cancer, encompassing tumor immunity, overcoming chemoresistance, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In the end, we will also briefly discuss the potential approaches to ferroptosis-based cancer therapy, such as using drugs and small molecules, nanoparticles, mitochondrial targeting, and photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rabiee Valashedi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Nima Najafi-Ghalehlou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirsadegh Nikoo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Chia Bamshad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kazuo Tomita
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Kuwahara
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- Burn and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Velayat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Heshmat Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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23
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Dual Knockdown of Musashi RNA-Binding Proteins MSI-1 and MSI-2 Attenuates Putative Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics and Therapy Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111502. [PMID: 34768932 PMCID: PMC8584030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In ovarian cancer, therapy resistance mechanisms complicate cancer cell eradication. Targeting Musashi RNA-binding proteins (MSI) may increase therapeutic efficacy. Database analyses were performed to identify gene expression associations between MSI proteins and key therapy resistance and cancer stem cell (CSC) genes. Then, ovarian cancer cells were subjected to siRNA-based dual knockdown of MSI-1 and MSI-2. CSC and cell cycle gene expression was investigated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blots, and flow cytometry. Metabolic activity and chemoresistance were assessed by MTT assay. Clonogenic assays were used to quantify cell survival post-irradiation. Database analyses demonstrated positive associations between MSI proteins and putative CSC markers NOTCH, MYC, and ALDH4A1 and negative associations with NOTCH inhibitor NUMB. MSI-2 expression was negatively associated with the apoptosis regulator p21. MSI-1 and MSI-2 were positively correlated, informing subsequent dual knockdown experiments. After MSI silencing, CSC genes were downregulated, while cell cycle progression was reduced. Metabolic activity was decreased in some cancer cells. Both chemo- and radioresistance were reduced after dual knockdown, suggesting therapeutic potential. Dual knockdown of MSI proteins is a promising venue to impede tumor growth and sensitize ovarian cancer cells to irradiation and chemotherapy.
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Shi Z, Wang S, Deng J, Gong Z. PGC-1α attenuates the oxidative stress-induced impaired osteogenesis and angiogenesis regulation effects of mesenchymal stem cells in the presence of diabetic serum. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 27:101070. [PMID: 34286110 PMCID: PMC8278528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to induce dysfunction of the bone remodeling process and be associated with progressive loss of bone mass. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is a master controller during mitochondrial biogenesis and the antioxidant response. We postulated that PGC-1α could function as a cyto-protective effector in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under oxidative stress conditions. In this study, diabetic serum was firstly used to treat MSCs to induce oxidative damage. The anti-oxidative protective effects of PGC-1α overexpression on MSCs, as well as MSCs' osteogenesis and angiogenic regulation effects were investigated in vitro. Results showed that diabetic conditions induced significantly increase of intracellular oxidative damage and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening activity, decrease of cellular viability, and osteogenic differentiation and pro-angiogenic regulation effects of MSCs. However, the diabetic conditions induced oxidative impair on MSCs were significantly alleviated via PGC-1α overexpression under diabetic conditions. Taken together, this study indicates the anti-oxidative treatment potential of PGC-1α regulation as a promising strategy to promote coupling pro-osteogenesis and pro-angiogenesis effects of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongxin Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liangxiang Hospital of Beijing Fangshan District, and Liangxiang Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.45, Gongchen Ave., Liangxiang, Fangshan Dist., Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Shikun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liangxiang Hospital of Beijing Fangshan District, and Liangxiang Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.45, Gongchen Ave., Liangxiang, Fangshan Dist., Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jiechao Deng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liangxiang Hospital of Beijing Fangshan District, and Liangxiang Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.45, Gongchen Ave., Liangxiang, Fangshan Dist., Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Zishun Gong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liangxiang Hospital of Beijing Fangshan District, and Liangxiang Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, No.45, Gongchen Ave., Liangxiang, Fangshan Dist., Beijing, 102488, China
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Role of RONS and eIFs in Cancer Progression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5522054. [PMID: 34285764 PMCID: PMC8275427 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5522054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Various research works have piled up conflicting evidence questioning the effect of oxidative stress in cancer. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are the reactive radicals and nonradical derivatives of oxygen and nitrogen. RONS can act as a double-edged weapon. On the one hand, RONS can promote cancer initiation through activating certain signal transduction pathways that direct proliferation, survival, and stress resistance. On the other hand, they can mitigate cancer progression via their resultant oxidative stress that causes many cancer cells to die, as some recent studies have proposed that high RONS levels can limit the survival of cancer cells during certain phases of cancer development. Similarly, eukaryotic translation initiation factors are key players in the process of cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of such translation initiation factors in the form of overexpression, downregulation, or phosphorylation is associated with cancer cell's altering capability of survival, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Nonetheless, eIFs can affect tumor age-related features. Data shows that alternating the eukaryotic translation initiation apparatus can impact many downstream cellular signaling pathways that directly affect cancer development. Hence, researchers have been conducting various experiments towards a new trajectory to find novel therapeutic molecular targets to improve the efficacy of anticancer drugs as well as reduce their side effects, with a special focus on oxidative stress and initiation of translation to harness their effect in cancer development. An increasing body of scientific evidence recently links oxidative stress and translation initiation factors to cancer-related signaling pathways. Therefore, in this review, we present and summarize the recent findings in this field linking certain signaling pathways related to tumorigeneses such as MAPK and PI3K, with either RONS or eIFs.
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Cacciottola L, Donnez J, Dolmans MM. Ovarian tissue damage after grafting: systematic review of strategies to improve follicle outcomes. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:351-369. [PMID: 34384692 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Frozen-thawed human ovarian tissue endures large-scale follicle loss in the early post-grafting period, characterized by hypoxia lasting around 7 days. Tissue revascularization occurs progressively through new vessel invasion from the host and neoangiogenesis from the graft. Such reoxygenation kinetics lead to further potential damage caused by oxidative stress. The aim of the present manuscript is to provide a systematic review of proangiogenic growth factors, hormones and various antioxidants administered in the event of ovarian tissue transplantation to protect the follicle pool from depletion by boosting revascularization or decreasing oxidative stress. Although almost all investigated studies revealed an advantage in terms of revascularization and reduction in oxidative stress, far fewer demonstrated a positive impact on follicle survival. As the cascade of events driven by ischaemia after transplantation is a complex process involving numerous players, it appears that acting on specific molecular mechanisms, such as concentrations of proangiogenic growth factors, is not enough to significantly mitigate tissue damage. Strategies exploiting the activated tissue response to ischaemia for tissue healing and remodelling purposes, such as the use of antiapoptotic drugs and adult stem cells, are also discussed in the present review, since they yielded promising results in terms of follicle pool protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Cacciottola
- Gynecology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Donnez
- Prof. Emeritus, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Madeleine Dolmans
- Gynecology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Gynecology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
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27
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Mack N, Mazzio E, Badisa R, Soliman KFA. Metabolic Response to the Mitochondrial Toxin 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in LDH-A/B Double-knockout LS174T Colon Cancer Cells. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:385-405. [PMID: 33994363 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Rapid glycolytic substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) and accumulation of lactic acid are characteristics of diverse cancers. Recent advances in drug discovery have included the use of glycolytic inhibitors with mitochondrial targeting drugs to attempt to invoke an energy crisis in aggressive metabolically active chemo-resistant cancers. In this work, we examine the consequences of inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) in LS14T colon cancer cells containing a genetic double knock out (DKO) of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDHA and LDHB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Several metabolic parameters were evaluated concomitant to whole transcriptomic (WT) mRNA, microRNA, and long intergenic non-coding RNAs using Affymetrix 2.1 human ST arrays. RESULTS MPP+ effectively blocked OXPHOS where a compensatory shift toward anaerobic SLP was only observed in the control vector (CV), and not observed in the LDH-A/B DKOs (lacking the ability to produce lactic acid). Despite this, there was an unexpected resilience to MPP+ in the latter in terms of energy, which displayed significantly higher resting baseline respiratory OXPHOS capacity relative to controls. At the transcriptome level, MPP+ invoked 1738 differential expressed genes (DEGs) out of 48,226; LDH-A/B DKO resulted in 855 DEGs while 349 DEGs were found to be overlapping in both groups versus respective controls, including loss of mitochondrial complex I (subunits 3 and 6), cell cycle transcripts and fluctuations in epigenetic chromatin remodeling systems. In terms of energy, the effects of MPP+ in the CV transcripts reflect the funneling of carbon intermediates toward glycolysis. The LDH-A/B DKO transcripts reflect a flow of carbons away from glycolysis toward the production of acetyl-CoA. CONCLUSION The findings from this study suggest a metabolic resilience to MPP+ in cancer cells devoid of LDH-A/B, explainable in-part by higher baseline OXPHOS respiratory ATP production, necessitating more toxin to suppress the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nzinga Mack
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Elizabeth Mazzio
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Ramesh Badisa
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, U.S.A.
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Paku M, Haraguchi N, Takeda M, Fujino S, Ogino T, Takahashi H, Miyoshi N, Uemura M, Mizushima T, Yamamoto H, Doki Y, Eguchi H. SIRT3-Mediated SOD2 and PGC-1α Contribute to Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 28:4720-4732. [PMID: 33393034 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-09373-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anticancer drugs generate excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can cause cell death. Cancer cells can resist this oxidative stress, but the mechanism of resistance and associations with chemoresistance are unclear. Here, we focused on Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a deacetylating mitochondrial enzyme, in oxidative stress resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS To evaluate SIRT3-related changes in mitochondrial function, ROS (mtROS) induction, and apoptosis, we used the human CRC cell lines HT29 and HCT116 transfected with short-hairpin RNA targeting SIRT3 and small interfering RNAs targeting superoxide dismutase 2 mitochondrial (SOD2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1α). In 142 clinical specimens from patients with CRC, we also assessed the association of SIRT3 protein levels (high/low) and prognosis. RESULTS SIRT3 expression correlated with mtROS generation and apoptosis induction in cells treated with anticancer agents. Suppressing SIRT3 increased mtROS levels and cell sensitivity to anticancer agents. SIRT3 knockdown decreased SOD2 expression and activity, and suppressing SOD2 also improved sensitivity to anticancer drugs. In addition, SIRT3 was recruited with PGC-1α under oxidative stress, and suppressing SIRT3 decreased PGC-1α expression and mitochondrial function. PGC-1α knockdown decreased mitochondrial activity and increased apoptosis in cells treated with anticancer drugs. In resected CRC specimens, high vs low SIRT3 protein levels were associated with significantly reduced cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS SIRT3 expression affected CRC cell chemoresistance through SOD2 and PGC-1α regulation and was an independent prognostic factor in CRC. SIRT3 may be a novel target for CRC therapies and a predictive marker of sensitivity to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Paku
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Haraguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Chuo-ku, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Mitsunobu Takeda
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shiki Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Cancer Stem Cell-Associated Pathways in the Metabolic Reprogramming of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239125. [PMID: 33266219 PMCID: PMC7730588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming of cancer is now considered a hallmark of many malignant tumors, including breast cancer, which remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women all over the world. One of the main challenges for the effective treatment of breast cancer emanates from the existence of a subpopulation of tumor-initiating cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Over the years, several pathways involved in the regulation of CSCs have been identified and characterized. Recent research has also shown that CSCs are capable of adopting a metabolic flexibility to survive under various stressors, contributing to chemo-resistance, metastasis, and disease relapse. This review summarizes the links between the metabolic adaptations of breast cancer cells and CSC-associated pathways. Identification of the drivers capable of the metabolic rewiring in breast cancer cells and CSCs and the signaling pathways contributing to metabolic flexibility may lead to the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This review also covers the role of these metabolic adaptation in conferring drug resistance and metastasis in breast CSCs.
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30
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Harrington BS, Ozaki MK, Caminear MW, Hernandez LF, Jordan E, Kalinowski NJ, Goldlust IS, Guha R, Ferrer M, Thomas C, Shetty J, Tran B, Wong N, House CD, Annunziata CM. Drugs Targeting Tumor-Initiating Cells Prolong Survival in a Post-Surgery, Post-Chemotherapy Ovarian Cancer Relapse Model. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061645. [PMID: 32575908 PMCID: PMC7352549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease recurrence is the major cause of morbidity and mortality of ovarian cancer (OC). In terms of maintenance therapies after platinum-based chemotherapy, PARP inhibitors significantly improve the overall survival of patients with BRCA mutations but is of little benefit to patients without homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). The stem-like tumor-initiating cell (TIC) population within OC tumors are thought to contribute to disease recurrence and chemoresistance. Therefore, there is a need to identify drugs that target TICs to prevent relapse in OC without HRD. RNA sequencing analysis of OC cells grown in TIC conditions revealed a strong enrichment of genes involved in drug metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathways. Concurrently, a high-throughput drug screen identified drugs that showed efficacy against OC cells grown as TICs compared to adherent cells. Four drugs were chosen that affected drug metabolism and ROS response: disulfiram, bardoxolone methyl, elesclomol and salinomycin. The drugs were tested in vitro for effects on viability, sphere formation and markers of stemness CD133 and ALDH in TICs compared to adherent cells. The compounds promoted ROS accumulation and oxidative stress and disulfiram, elesclomol and salinomycin increased cell death following carboplatin treatment compared to carboplatin alone. Disulfiram and salinomycin were effective in a post-surgery, post-chemotherapy OC relapse model in vivo, demonstrating that enhancing oxidative stress in TICs can prevent OC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney S. Harrington
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.S.H.); (M.K.O.); (M.W.C.); (L.F.H.); (E.J.); (N.J.K.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Michelle K. Ozaki
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.S.H.); (M.K.O.); (M.W.C.); (L.F.H.); (E.J.); (N.J.K.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Michael W. Caminear
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.S.H.); (M.K.O.); (M.W.C.); (L.F.H.); (E.J.); (N.J.K.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Lidia F. Hernandez
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.S.H.); (M.K.O.); (M.W.C.); (L.F.H.); (E.J.); (N.J.K.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Elizabeth Jordan
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.S.H.); (M.K.O.); (M.W.C.); (L.F.H.); (E.J.); (N.J.K.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Nicholas J. Kalinowski
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.S.H.); (M.K.O.); (M.W.C.); (L.F.H.); (E.J.); (N.J.K.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Ian S. Goldlust
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (I.S.G.); (R.G.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Rajarshi Guha
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (I.S.G.); (R.G.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Marc Ferrer
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (I.S.G.); (R.G.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Craig Thomas
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (I.S.G.); (R.G.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
| | - Jyoti Shetty
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD 21701, USA; (J.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Bao Tran
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., FNLCR, Frederick, MD 21701, USA; (J.S.); (B.T.)
| | - Nathan Wong
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Carrie D. House
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.S.H.); (M.K.O.); (M.W.C.); (L.F.H.); (E.J.); (N.J.K.); (C.D.H.)
| | - Christina M. Annunziata
- Women’s Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (B.S.H.); (M.K.O.); (M.W.C.); (L.F.H.); (E.J.); (N.J.K.); (C.D.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Masson F, Paciucci R, LLeonart ME. Insights into new mechanisms and models of cancer stem cell multidrug resistance. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:166-180. [PMID: 31369817 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of genetic alterations, clonal evolution, and the tumor microenvironment promote cancer progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. These events correspond to the establishment of the great phenotypic heterogeneity and plasticity of cancer cells that contribute to tumor progression and resistant disease. Targeting resistant cancers is a major challenge in oncology; however, the underlying processes are not yet fully understood. Even though current treatments can reduce tumor size and increase life expectancy, relapse and multidrug resistance (MDR) ultimately remain the second cause of death in developed countries. Recent evidence points toward stem-like phenotypes in cancer cells, promoted by cancer stem cells (CSCs), as the main culprit of cancer relapse, resistance (radiotherapy, hormone therapy, and/or chemotherapy) and metastasis. Many mechanisms have been proposed for CSC resistance, such as drug efflux through ABC transporters, overactivation of the DNA damage response (DDR), apoptosis evasion, prosurvival pathways activation, cell cycle promotion and/or cell metabolic alterations. Nonetheless, targeted therapy toward these specific CSC mechanisms is only partially effective to prevent or abolish resistance, suggesting underlying additional causes for CSC resilience. This article aims to provide an integrated picture of the MDR mechanisms that operate in CSCs' behavior and to propose a novel model of tumor evolution during chemotherapy. Targeting the pathways mentioned here might hold promise and reveal new strategies for future clinical therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Masson
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Paciucci
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Vall d'Hebron Hospital and Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M E LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Passeig Vall d´Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology, CIBERONC, Spain.
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McGuirk S, Audet-Delage Y, St-Pierre J. Metabolic Fitness and Plasticity in Cancer Progression. Trends Cancer 2020; 6:49-61. [PMID: 31952781 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells have enhanced metabolic needs due to their rapid proliferation. Moreover, throughout their progression from tumor precursors to metastases, cancer cells face challenging physiological conditions, including hypoxia, low nutrient availability, and exposure to therapeutic drugs. The ability of cancer cells to tailor their metabolic activities to support their energy demand and biosynthetic needs throughout disease progression is key for their survival. Here, we review the metabolic adaptations of cancer cells, from primary tumors to therapy resistant cancers, and the mechanisms underpinning their metabolic plasticity. We also discuss the metabolic coupling that can develop between tumors and the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we consider potential metabolic interventions that could be used in combination with standard therapeutic approaches to improve clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn McGuirk
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yannick Audet-Delage
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Julie St-Pierre
- Department of Biochemistry, Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology and Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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A Shifty Target: Tumor-Initiating Cells and Their Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215370. [PMID: 31661927 PMCID: PMC6862122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells (TICs), or cancer stem cells, constitute highly chemoresistant, asymmetrically dividing, and tumor-initiating populations in cancer and are thought to play a key role in metastatic and chemoresistant disease. Tumor-initiating cells are isolated from cell lines and clinical samples based on features such as sphere formation in stem cell medium and expression of TIC markers, typically a set of outer membrane proteins and certain transcription factors. Although both bulk tumor cells and TICs show an adaptive metabolic plasticity, TIC metabolism is thought to differ and likely in a tumor-specific and growth condition-dependent pattern. In the context of some common solid tumor diseases, we here review reports on how TIC isolation methods and markers associate with metabolic features, with some focus on oxidative metabolism, including fatty acid and lipid metabolism. These have emerged as significant factors in TIC phenotypes, and in tumor biology as a whole. Other sections address mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics in TICs, and the influence of the tumor microenvironment. Further elucidation of the complex biology of TICs and their metabolism will require advanced methodologies.
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Bokil A, Sancho P. Mitochondrial determinants of chemoresistance. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2019; 2:634-646. [PMID: 35582564 PMCID: PMC8992520 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2019.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chemoresistance constitute nowadays the major contributor to therapy failure in most cancers. There are main factors that mitigate cell response to therapy, such as target organ, inherent sensitivity to the administered compound, its metabolism, drug efflux and influx or alterations on specific cellular targets, among others. We now know that intrinsic properties of cancer cells, including metabolic features, substantially contribute to chemoresistance. In fact, during the last years, numerous reports indicate that cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy demonstrate significant alterations in mitochondrial metabolism, membrane polarization and mass. Metabolic activity and expression of several mitochondrial proteins are modulated under treatment to cope with stress, making these organelles central players in the development of resistance to therapies. Here, we review the role of mitochondria in chemoresistant cells in terms of metabolic rewiring and function of key mitochondria-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansooya Bokil
- IIS Aragon, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Patricia Sancho
- IIS Aragon, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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35
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Mitochondrial fission causes cisplatin resistance under hypoxic conditions via ROS in ovarian cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:7089-7105. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0949-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Deng J, Bai X, Feng X, Ni J, Beretov J, Graham P, Li Y. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway alleviates ovarian cancer chemoresistance through reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and decreasing cancer stem cell marker expression. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:618. [PMID: 31234823 PMCID: PMC6591840 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the female reproductive tract. Chemoresistance is a major challenge for current ovarian cancer therapy. However, the mechanism underlying epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) chemoresistance is not completely uncovered. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is an important intracellular pathway in regulating cell cycle, quiescence, and proliferation. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and its association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC) marker expression in EOC chemoresistance. Methods The expressions of EMT and CSC markers were detected by immunofluorescence, western blot, and quantitative real-time PCR. BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, was employed to investigate the role of PI3K/Akt/ mTOR signaling in regulating EMT and CSC marker expression. Students’ t test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test were used to compare the data from different groups. Results We found that EMT and CSC marker expression were significantly enhanced in chemoresistant EOC cells, which was accompanied by the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. Compared with single cisplatin treatment, combined treatment with BEZ235 and cisplatin significantly disrupted the colony formation ability, induced higher ROS level and more apoptosis in chemoresistant EOC cells. Furthermore, the combination approach effectively inhibited PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, reversed EMT, and decreased CSC marker expression in chemoresistant EOC cells compared with cisplatin mono-treatment. Conclusions Our results first demonstrate that EMT and enhanced CSC marker expression triggered by activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling are involved in the chemoresistance of EOC, and BEZ235 in combination with cisplatin might be a promising treatment option to reverse EOC chemoresistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5824-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Deng
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, 4-10 South St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Xupeng Bai
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, 4-10 South St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaojie Feng
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, 4-10 South St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Henan Cancer Hospital, Henan, 450008, China
| | - Jie Ni
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, 4-10 South St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Julia Beretov
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, 4-10 South St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.,Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia
| | - Peter Graham
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, 4-10 South St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, 4-10 South St, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia. .,St George and Sutherland Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 450001, China.
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Imran M, Salehi B, Sharifi-Rad J, Aslam Gondal T, Saeed F, Imran A, Shahbaz M, Tsouh Fokou PV, Umair Arshad M, Khan H, Guerreiro SG, Martins N, Estevinho LM. Kaempferol: A Key Emphasis to Its Anticancer Potential. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122277. [PMID: 31248102 PMCID: PMC6631472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A marked decrease in human cancers, including breast cancer, bone cancer, and cervical cancer, has been linked to the consumption of vegetable and fruit, and the corresponding chemoprotective effect has been associated with the presence of several active molecules, such as kaempferol. Kaempferol is a major flavonoid aglycone found in many natural products, such as beans, bee pollen, broccoli, cabbage, capers, cauliflower, chia seeds, chives, cumin, moringa leaves, endive, fennel, and garlic. Kaempferol displays several pharmacological properties, among them antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities, and is being applied in cancer chemotherapy. Specifically, kaempferol-rich food has been linked to a decrease in the risk of developing some types of cancers, including skin, liver, and colon. The mechanisms of action include apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, downregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related markers, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathways. In this sense, this article reviews data from experimental studies that investigated the links between kaempferol and kaempferol-rich food intake and cancer prevention. Even though growing evidence supports the use of kaempferol for cancer prevention, further preclinical and clinical investigations using kaempferol or kaempferol-rich foods are of pivotal importance before any public health recommendation or formulation using kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Zabol Medicinal Plants Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61615-585, Iran.
| | | | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition & Home Economics, Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition & Home Economics, Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan.
| | - Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon.
| | - Muhammad Umair Arshad
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition & Home Economics, Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical & Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Susana G Guerreiro
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Leticia M Estevinho
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, School of Agriculture of the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança (ESA-IPB), Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5301-854 Bragança, Portugal.
- CIMO, Mountain Research Center, Polytechnic Institute of Bragança. Campus Santa Apolónia, 5301-855 Bragança, Portugal.
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Cruz-Bermúdez A, Laza-Briviesca R, Vicente-Blanco RJ, García-Grande A, Coronado MJ, Laine-Menéndez S, Palacios-Zambrano S, Moreno-Villa MR, Ruiz-Valdepeñas AM, Lendinez C, Romero A, Franco F, Calvo V, Alfaro C, Acosta PM, Salas C, Garcia JM, Provencio M. Cisplatin resistance involves a metabolic reprogramming through ROS and PGC-1α in NSCLC which can be overcome by OXPHOS inhibition. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 135:167-181. [PMID: 30880247 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard of care for most lung cancer cases. However chemoresistance is often developed during the treatment, limiting clinical utility of this drug. Recently, the ability of tumor cells to adapt their metabolism has been associated to resistance to therapies. In this study, we first described the metabolic reprogramming of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) in response to cisplatin treatment. METHODS Cisplatin-resistant versions of the A549, H1299, and H460 cell lines were generated by continuous drug exposure. The long-term metabolic changes, as well as, the early response to cisplatin treatment were analyzed in both, parental and cisplatin-resistant cell lines. In addition, four Patient-derived xenograft models treated with cisplatin along with paired pre- and post-treatment biopsies from patients were studied. Furthermore, metabolic targeting of these changes in cell lines was performed downregulating PGC-1α expression through siRNA or using OXPHOS inhibitors (metformin and rotenone). RESULTS Two out of three cisplatin-resistant cell lines showed a stable increase in mitochondrial function, PGC1-α and mitochondrial mass with reduced glycolisis, that did not affect the cell cycle. This phenomenon was confirmed in vivo. Post-treatment NSCLC tumors showed an increase in mitochondrial mass, PGC-1α, and a decrease in the GAPDH/MT-CO1 ratio. In addition, we demonstrated how a ROS-mediated metabolism reprogramming, involving PGC-1α and increased mitochondrial mass, is induced during short-time cisplatin exposure. Moreover, we tested how cells with increased PGC-1a induced by ZLN005 treatment, showed reduced cisplatin-driven apoptosis. Remarkably, the long-term metabolic changes, as well as the metabolic reprogramming during short-time cisplatin exposure can be exploited as an Achilles' heel of NSCLC cells, as demonstrated by the increased sensitivity to PGC-1α interference or OXPHOS inhibition using metformin or rotenone. CONCLUSION These results describe a new cisplatin resistance mechanism in NSCLC based on a metabolic reprogramming that is therapeutically exploitable through PGC-1α downregulation or OXPHOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raquel Laza-Briviesca
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramiro J Vicente-Blanco
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu García-Grande
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Coronado
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Laine-Menéndez
- Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Hospital "12 de Octubre" (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Palacios-Zambrano
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Facultad de Medicina UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Rocío Moreno-Villa
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Martin Ruiz-Valdepeñas
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Lendinez
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Atocha Romero
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Franco
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Calvo
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Alfaro
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Martin Acosta
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Salas
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Garcia
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Servicio de Oncología Médica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Kim S, Lee M, Dhanasekaran DN, Song YS. Activation of LXRɑ/β by cholesterol in malignant ascites promotes chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1232. [PMID: 30526541 PMCID: PMC6288854 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of malignant ascites tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance. Methods A total of 45 patients with ovarian cancer and three benign ascites were collected at the time of clinical intervention. Ascites cholesterol levels were quantitated using cholesterol quantitation kit and recurrence free survival (RFS) of ovarian cancer patients were collected. The sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin (CDDP) and paclitaxel (PAC) were assessed by viability assay, flow cytometry and protein expression. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and Youden index analysis were applied to calculate the optimal cut-off values for ascites cholesterol. Kaplan-Meier curve were applied to compare RFS between high and low ascites cholesterol levels in ovarian cancer patients. Results Here we show that cholesterol is elevated in malignant ascites and modulates the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to CDDP and PAC by upregulating the expression of drug efflux pump proteins, ABCG2 and MDR1, together with upregulation of LXRɑ/β, the cholesterol receptor. Transfection of LXRɑ/β siRNA inhibited cholesterol-induced chemoresistance and upregulation of MDR1. In addition, the cholesterol level in malignant ascites was negatively correlated with number of CDDP-induced apoptotic cell death, but not with that of PAC-induced apoptotic cell death. Cholesterol depletion by methyl beta cyclodextrin (MβCD) inhibited malignant ascites-induced chemoresistance to CDDP and upregulation of MDR1 and LXRɑ/β. For patients with ovarian cancer, high cholesterol level in malignant ascites correlated with short RFS. Conclusions High cholesterol in malignant ascites contributes to poor prognosis in ovarian cancer patients, partly by contributing to multidrug resistance through upregulation of MDR1 via activation of LXRɑ/β. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5152-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soochi Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- Stephenson Cancer Center, university of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73012, USA
| | - Yong Sang Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Zhang J, Pei Y, Yang W, Yang W, Chen B, Zhao X, Long S. Cytoglobin ameliorates the stemness of hepatocellular carcinoma via coupling oxidative-nitrosative stress signals. Mol Carcinog 2018; 58:334-343. [PMID: 30365183 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for tumor self-renewal and heterogeneity. Oxidative-nitrosative stress (ONS) is an independent etiologic factor throughout tumorigenesis. Emerging evidences indicated that the interaction of ONS with CSCs contributes to tumor progression and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. Cytoglobin (Cygb) is a member of human hexacoordinate hemoglobin family and acts as a dynamic mediator of redox homeostasis. We observed that Cygb is significantly deregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and its decrease aggravates the growth of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) and increases the subpopulation of CD133(+) LCSCs. Cygb restoration inhibits HCC proliferation and LCSC growth, and decreases the subpopulation of CD133 (+) LCSCs in vitro. We found that Cygb absence promotes LCSC phenotypes and PI3 K/AKT activation, whereas Cygb restoration inhibits LCSC phenotypes and PI3 K/AKT activation. Furthermore, exogenous antioxidants can eliminate the inhibitory effect of Cygb to LCSC growth and phenotypes, as well as PI3 K/AKT activation. Collectively, this study demonstrated that cytoglobin functions as a tumor suppressor and targets CSCs at an ONS-dependent manner. Thus, Cygb restoration could be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy against HCC with aberrant ROS/RNS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Transformation Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - YuanYuan Pei
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - WenXiu Yang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - BoXin Chen
- Department of Immunology, Basic School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Xing Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Basic School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
| | - Shiqi Long
- Department of Immunology, Basic School of Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, PR China
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41
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Kim S, Han Y, Kim SI, Kim HS, Kim SJ, Song YS. Tumor evolution and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2018; 2:20. [PMID: 30246154 PMCID: PMC6141595 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-018-0063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of novel strategies to overcome chemoresistance is central goal in ovarian cancer research. Natural history of the cancer development and progression is being reconstructed by genomic datasets to understand the evolutionary pattern and direction. Recent studies suggest that intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) is the main cause of treatment failure by chemoresistance in many types of cancers including ovarian cancer. ITH increases the fitness of tumor to adapt to incompatible microenvironment. Understanding ITH in relation to the evolutionary pattern may result in the development of the innovative approach based on individual variability in the genetic, environment, and life style. Thus, we can reach the new big stage conquering the cancer. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances in understanding ovarian cancer biology through the use of next generation sequencing (NGS) and highlight areas of recent progress to improve precision medicine in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soochi Kim
- 1Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea.,2Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Han
- 2Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea.,3WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Se Ik Kim
- 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Kim
- 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jin Kim
- 5Precision Medicine Research Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea.,6Department of transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16229 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- 2Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea.,3WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea.,4Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea.,7Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
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42
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The Role of Inflammation and Inflammatory Mediators in the Development, Progression, Metastasis, and Chemoresistance of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080251. [PMID: 30061485 PMCID: PMC6116184 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a role in the initiation and development of many types of cancers, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), a type of EOC. There are connections between EOC and both peritoneal and ovulation-induced inflammation. Additionally, EOCs have an inflammatory component that contributes to their progression. At sites of inflammation, epithelial cells are exposed to increased levels of inflammatory mediators such as reactive oxygen species, cytokines, prostaglandins, and growth factors that contribute to increased cell division, and genetic and epigenetic changes. These exposure-induced changes promote excessive cell proliferation, increased survival, malignant transformation, and cancer development. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment environment (TME) contributes to EOC metastasis and chemoresistance. In this review we will discuss the roles inflammation and inflammatory mediators play in the development, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance of EOC.
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43
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Antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of kaempferol and its corresponding glycosides and the enzymatic preparation of kaempferol. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197563. [PMID: 29771951 PMCID: PMC5957424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol (kae) and its glycosides are widely distributed in nature and show multiple bioactivities, yet few reports have compared them. In this paper, we report the antitumor, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity differences of kae, kae-7-O-glucoside (kae-7-O-glu), kae-3-O-rhamnoside (kae-3-O-rha) and kae-3-O-rutinoside (kae-3-O-rut). Kae showed the highest antiproliferation effect on the human hepatoma cell line HepG2, mouse colon cancer cell line CT26 and mouse melanoma cell line B16F1. Kae also significantly inhibited AKT phosphorylation and cleaved caspase-9, caspase-7, caspase-3 and PARP in HepG2 cells. A kae-induced increase in DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, inhibition of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced activation of T cell proliferation and NO or ROS production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were also seen. Kae glycosides were used to produce kae via environment-friendly enzymatic hydrolysis. Kae-7-O-glu and kae-3-O-rut were hydrolyzed to kae by β-glucosidase and/or α-L-rhamnosidase. This paper demonstrates the application of enzymatic catalysis to obtain highly biologically active kae. This work provides a novel and efficient preparation of high-value flavone-related products.
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44
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Calaf GM, Urzua U, Termini L, Aguayo F. Oxidative stress in female cancers. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23824-23842. [PMID: 29805775 PMCID: PMC5955122 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast, cervical and ovarian cancers are highly prevalent in women worldwide. Environmental, hormonal and viral-related factors are especially relevant in the development of these tumors. These factors are strongly related to oxidative stress (OS) through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The OS is caused by an imbalance in the redox status of the organism and is literally defined as "an imbalance between ROS generation and its detoxification by biological system leading to impairment of damage repair by cell/tissue". The multistep progression of cancer suggests that OS is involved in cancer initiation, promotion and progression. In this review, we described the role of OS and the interplay with environmental, host and viral factors related to breast, cervical and ovarian cancers initiation, promotion and progression. In addition, the role of the natural antioxidant compound curcumin and other compounds for breast, cervical and ovarian cancers prevention/treatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria M. Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación (IAI), Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ulises Urzua
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lara Termini
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia, Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Francisco Aguayo
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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45
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Han CY, Patten DA, Richardson RB, Harper ME, Tsang BK. Tumor metabolism regulating chemosensitivity in ovarian cancer. Genes Cancer 2018; 9:155-175. [PMID: 30603053 PMCID: PMC6305103 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated metabolism is a key hallmark of multiple cancers, serving to fulfill high anabolic demands. Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in women with a high mortality rate (45%). Chemoresistance is a major hurdle for OVCA treatment. Although substantial evidence suggests that metabolic reprogramming contributes to anti-apoptosis and the metastasis of multiple cancers, the link between tumor metabolism and chemoresistance in OVCA remains unknown. While clinical trials targeting metabolic reprogramming alone have been met with limited success, the synergistic effect of inhibiting tumor-specific metabolism with traditional chemotherapy warrants further examination, particularly in OVCA. This review summarizes the role of key glycolytic enzymes and other metabolic synthesis pathways in the progression of cancer and chemoresistance in OVCA. Within this context, mitochondrial dynamics (fission, fusion and cristae structure) are addressed regarding their roles in controlling metabolism and apoptosis, closely associated with chemosensitivity. The roles of multiple key oncogenes (Akt, HIF-1α) and tumor suppressors (p53, PTEN) in metabolic regulation are also described. Next, this review summarizes recent research of metabolism and future direction. Finally, we examine clinical drugs and inhibitors to target glycolytic metabolism, as well as the rationale for such strategies as potential therapeutics to overcome chemoresistant OVCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Young Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A. Patten
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Radiobiology and Health Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Richard B. Richardson
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL), Radiobiology and Health Branch, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Benjamin K. Tsang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, and Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
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46
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Han Y, Cho U, Kim S, Park IS, Cho JH, Dhanasekaran DN, Song YS. Tumour microenvironment on mitochondrial dynamics and chemoresistance in cancer. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1271-1287. [PMID: 29607684 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1459594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria, evolutionally acquired symbionts of eukaryotic cells, are essential cytoplasmic organelles. They are structurally dynamic organelles that continually go through fission and fusion processes in response to various stimuli. Tumour tissue is composed of not just cancer cells but also various cell types like fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem and immune cells. Mitochondrial dynamics of cancer cells has been shown to be significantly affected by features of tumour microenvironment such as hypoxia, inflammation and energy deprivation. The interactions of cancer cells with tumour microenvironment like hypoxia give rise to the inter- and intratumoural heterogeneity, causing chemoresistance. In this review, we will focus on the chemoresistance by tumoural heterogeneity in relation to mitochondrial dynamics of cancer cells. Recent findings in molecular mechanisms involved in the control of mitochondrial dynamics as well as the impact of mitochondrial dynamics on drug sensitivity in cancer are highlighted in the current review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjin Han
- a Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Untack Cho
- b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Soochi Kim
- b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,d Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - In Sil Park
- b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,e Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Cho
- f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Danny N Dhanasekaran
- g Stephenson Cancer Center , University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City , OK , USA
| | - Yong Sang Song
- a Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology , Seoul National University , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,b Cancer Research Institute , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,c Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea.,f Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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47
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PGC1α: Friend or Foe in Cancer? Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010048. [PMID: 29361779 PMCID: PMC5793199 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PGC1 family (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) coactivators) of transcriptional coactivators are considered master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. The PGC1α isoform is expressed especially in metabolically active tissues, such as the liver, kidneys and brain, and responds to energy-demanding situations. Given the altered and highly adaptable metabolism of tumor cells, it is of interest to investigate PGC1α in cancer. Both high and low levels of PGC1α expression have been reported to be associated with cancer and worse prognosis, and PGC1α has been attributed with oncogenic as well as tumor suppressive features. Early in carcinogenesis PGC1α may be downregulated due to a protective anticancer role, and low levels likely reflect a glycolytic phenotype. We suggest mechanisms of PGC1α downregulation and how these might be connected to the increased cancer risk that obesity is now known to entail. Later in tumor progression PGC1α is often upregulated and is reported to contribute to increased lipid and fatty acid metabolism and/or a tumor cell phenotype with an overall metabolic plasticity that likely supports drug resistance as well as metastasis. We conclude that in cancer PGC1α is neither friend nor foe, but rather the obedient servant reacting to metabolic and environmental cues to benefit the tumor cell.
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48
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Herst PM, Rowe MR, Carson GM, Berridge MV. Functional Mitochondria in Health and Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:296. [PMID: 29163365 PMCID: PMC5675848 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to rapidly adapt cellular bioenergetic capabilities to meet rapidly changing environmental conditions is mandatory for normal cellular function and for cancer progression. Any loss of this adaptive response has the potential to compromise cellular function and render the cell more susceptible to external stressors such as oxidative stress, radiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, and hypoxia. Mitochondria play a vital role in bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways and can rapidly adjust to meet the metabolic needs of the cell. Increased demand is met by mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion of individual mitochondria into dynamic networks, whereas a decrease in demand results in the removal of superfluous mitochondria through fission and mitophagy. Effective communication between nucleus and mitochondria (mito-nuclear cross talk), involving the generation of different mitochondrial stress signals as well as the nuclear stress response pathways to deal with these stressors, maintains bioenergetic homeostasis under most conditions. However, when mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations accumulate and mito-nuclear cross talk falters, mitochondria fail to deliver critical functional outputs. Mutations in mtDNA have been implicated in neuromuscular and neurodegenerative mitochondriopathies and complex diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, skin disorders, aging, and cancer. In some cases, drastic measures such as acquisition of new mitochondria from donor cells occurs to ensure cell survival. This review starts with a brief discussion of the evolutionary origin of mitochondria and summarizes how mutations in mtDNA lead to mitochondriopathies and other degenerative diseases. Mito-nuclear cross talk, including various stress signals generated by mitochondria and corresponding stress response pathways activated by the nucleus are summarized. We also introduce and discuss a small family of recently discovered hormone-like mitopeptides that modulate body metabolism. Under conditions of severe mitochondrial stress, mitochondria have been shown to traffic between cells, replacing mitochondria in cells with damaged and malfunctional mtDNA. Understanding the processes involved in cellular bioenergetics and metabolic adaptation has the potential to generate new knowledge that will lead to improved treatment of many of the metabolic, degenerative, and age-related inflammatory diseases that characterize modern societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patries M. Herst
- Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- Department of Radiation Therapy, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Patries M. Herst, ; Michael V. Berridge,
| | - Matthew R. Rowe
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Georgia M. Carson
- Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michael V. Berridge
- Cancer Cell Biology, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Patries M. Herst, ; Michael V. Berridge,
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49
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Cheng CF, Ku HC, Lin H. Functional alpha 1 protease inhibitor produced by a human hepatoma cell line. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982; 19:ijms19113447. [PMID: 30400212 PMCID: PMC6274980 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alpha 1 protease inhibitor antigen was identified in the culture medium of the human ascites hepatoma cell line SK-HEP-1. Trypsin inhibitory activity and alpha 1 Pl antigen accumulated in serum-free medium concomitantly over a period of several days. Radioactive alpha 1 Pl antigen was detected in conditioned medium from cultures supplemented with 35S-L-methionine, indicating a synthesis and release of the protein. Alpha 1 Pl antigen in conditioned medium appeared to be antigenically identical to that in human plasma, and the newly synthesized (radiolabeled) antigen co-migrated with plasma, alpha 1 Pl after immunoelectrophoresis or SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Moreover, evidence is presented that the synthesized inhibitor exhibits functional activity, since the 35S-labeled alpha 1 Pl in conditioned medium complexes with trypsin. We conclude that SK-HEP-1 cells in culture produce functionally active alpha 1 Pl which may be identical to that in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Feng Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Chen Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 23142, Taiwan.
| | - Heng Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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