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Ye W, Lv H, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Zhao X, Zhao G, Yan C, Sun F, Zhao Z, Jia X. A cisplatin and disulphiram co-loaded inclusion complex overcomes drug resistance by inhibiting cancer cell stemness in non-small cell lung cancer. J Drug Target 2024; 32:159-171. [PMID: 38133515 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2298844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for about 80-85% of all lung cancer cases is one of the fastest-growing malignancies in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide and is commonly treated with cisplatin (DDP). Although treatment may initially be effective, the DDP therapy often leads to the development of chemoresistance and treatment failure. Disulphiram (DSF), an old alcohol-aversion drug, has been revealed to help reverse drug resistance in several cancers. In addition, several studies have shown a close relationship between drug resistance and cancer cell stemness.Methods: In this study, DDP and DSF were embedded in hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) to prepare a co-loaded inclusion complex of DDP and DSF (DDP-DSF/CD) with enhanced solubility and therapeutic effects. The effects and mechanism of DSF on the DDP resistance from the perspective of cancer cell stemness were determined.Results: Our data show that DDP-DSF/CD increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis of DDP-resistant A549 (A549/DDP) cells, inhibited stem cell transcriptional regulatory genes and drug resistance-associated proteins and reversed the DDP resistance in vitro and in vivo.Discussion: Overall, DDP-DSF/CD could be a promising formulation for the reversal of DDP resistance in NSCLC by inhibiting cancer cell stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huaiyou Lv
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qinxiu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianxiong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chongzheng Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fengqin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key University Laboratory of Pharmaceutics & Drug Delivery Systems of Shandong Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumei Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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Chen Y, Bao S, Wang Z, Fang Z, Tang H. Baicalin promotes the sensitivity of NSCLC to cisplatin by regulating ferritinophagy and macrophage immunity through the KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1 pathway. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:387. [PMID: 39061086 PMCID: PMC11282607 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin (DDP) chemotherapy is commonly used in therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but increased drug resistance has become a huge obstacle. Baicalin (BA) contributed to the sensitivity of NSCLC to DDP. Here, we aimed to further probe the pathophysiological mechanisms of BA in NSCLC. METHODS A549 and A549/DDP cells and xenograft mice were treated with BA and DDP. Xenograft mice were treated additionally with the NRF2 inducer (Bardoxolone methyl, BM) and KEAP1 knockdown. The levels of ferritinophagy-related proteins and biomarkers were determined. The autophagosomes were observed. M1 macrophage polarization and the contents of related indicators were analyzed. The involvement of KEAP1/NRF2/HO-1 was determined. RESULTS BA inhibited cell development, and the effect of BA and DDP on cell development was additive. The abundance of ferritinophagy-related proteins and the number of autophagosomes were induced by BA. BA also promoted the transition of GSH to GSSH. BA favored M1 macrophage polarization and affected the expression of related proteins. When BA and DDP combined, these molecular phenomena were further exacerbated. BA induced accumulation of KEAP1 and reduction of NRF2 and HO-1. However, BM and KEAP1 knockdown disrupted the synergistic effects of BA and DDP on inhibiting NSCLC growth. BM and KEAP1 knockdown reversed DDP and BA-promoted protein expression activity and M1 macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that BA is involved in ferritinophagy and macrophage immunity through the KEAP1-NRF2/HO-1 axis, thereby improving the DDP sensitivity in NSCLC, which could provide new candidates for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Shujun Bao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zhongzhao Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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3
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Xiao P, Li C, Liu Y, Gao Y, Liang X, Liu C, Yang W. The role of metal ions in the occurrence, progression, drug resistance, and biological characteristics of gastric cancer. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1333543. [PMID: 38370477 PMCID: PMC10869614 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1333543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Metal ions exert pivotal functions within the human body, encompassing essential roles in upholding cell structure, gene expression regulation, and catalytic enzyme activity. Additionally, they significantly influence various pathways implicated in divergent mechanisms of cell death. Among the prevailing malignant tumors of the digestive tract worldwide, gastric cancer stands prominent, exhibiting persistent high mortality rates. A compelling body of evidence reveals conspicuous ion irregularities in tumor tissues, encompassing gastric cancer. Notably, metal ions have been observed to elicit distinct contributions to the progression, drug resistance, and biological attributes of gastric cancer. This review consolidates pertinent literature on the involvement of metal ions in the etiology and advancement of gastric cancer. Particular attention is directed towards metal ions, namely, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn, elucidating their roles in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer, cellular demise processes, drug resistance phenomena, and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtuo Xiao
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Changfeng Li
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanda Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojing Liang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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4
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Daley BR, Vieira HM, Rao C, Hughes JM, Beckley ZM, Huisman DH, Chatterjee D, Sealover NE, Cox K, Askew JW, Svoboda RA, Fisher KW, Lewis RE, Kortum RL. SOS1 and KSR1 modulate MEK inhibitor responsiveness to target resistant cell populations based on PI3K and KRAS mutation status. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313137120. [PMID: 37972068 PMCID: PMC10666034 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313137120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
KRAS is the most commonly mutated oncogene. Targeted therapies have been developed against mediators of key downstream signaling pathways, predominantly components of the RAF/MEK/ERK kinase cascade. Unfortunately, single-agent efficacy of these agents is limited both by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Survival of drug-tolerant persister cells within the heterogeneous tumor population and/or acquired mutations that reactivate receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/RAS signaling can lead to outgrowth of tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and drive therapeutic resistance. Here, we show that targeting the key RTK/RAS pathway signaling intermediates SOS1 (Son of Sevenless 1) or KSR1 (Kinase Suppressor of RAS 1) both enhances the efficacy of, and prevents resistance to, the MEK inhibitor trametinib in KRAS-mutated lung (LUAD) and colorectal (COAD) adenocarcinoma cell lines depending on the specific mutational landscape. The SOS1 inhibitor BI-3406 enhanced the efficacy of trametinib and prevented trametinib resistance by targeting spheroid-initiating cells in KRASG12/G13-mutated LUAD and COAD cell lines that lacked PIK3CA comutations. Cell lines with KRASQ61 and/or PIK3CA mutations were insensitive to trametinib and BI-3406 combination therapy. In contrast, deletion of the RAF/MEK/ERK scaffold protein KSR1 prevented drug-induced SIC upregulation and restored trametinib sensitivity across all tested KRAS mutant cell lines in both PIK3CA-mutated and PIK3CA wild-type cancers. Our findings demonstrate that vertical inhibition of RTK/RAS signaling is an effective strategy to prevent therapeutic resistance in KRAS-mutated cancers, but therapeutic efficacy is dependent on both the specific KRAS mutant and underlying comutations. Thus, selection of optimal therapeutic combinations in KRAS-mutated cancers will require a detailed understanding of functional dependencies imposed by allele-specific KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna R. Daley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Heidi M. Vieira
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Chaitra Rao
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Jacob M. Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Zaria M. Beckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Dianna H. Huisman
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Deepan Chatterjee
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Nancy E. Sealover
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - Katherine Cox
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
| | - James W. Askew
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Robert A. Svoboda
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Kurt W. Fisher
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Robert E. Lewis
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE68198
| | - Robert L. Kortum
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD20814
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Park CR, Lee M, Lee SY, Kang D, Park SJ, Lee DC, Koo H, Park YG, Yu SL, Jeong IB, Kwon SJ, Kang J, Lee EB, Son JW. Regulating POLR3G by MicroRNA-26a-5p as a promising therapeutic target of lung cancer stemness and chemosensitivity. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:273-281. [PMID: 36949748 PMCID: PMC10025963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) identified in lung cancer exhibit resistance to chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy. Therefore, a technology for controlling CSCs is needed to overcome such resistance to cancer therapy. Various evidences about the association between epithelial-mesenchymal transition related transcriptomic alteration and acquisition of CSC phenotype have been proposed recently. Down-regulated miR-26a-5p is closely related to mesenchymal-like lung cancer cell lines. These findings suggest that miR-26a-5p might be involved in lung cancer stemness. RNA polymerase III subunit G (POLR3G) was selected as a candidate target of miR-26a-5p related to cancer stemness. It was found that miR-26a-5p directly regulates the expression of POLR3G.Overexpression of miR-26a-5p induced a marked reduction of colony formation and sphere formation. Co-treatment of miR-26a-5p and paclitaxel decreased cell growth, suggesting that miR-26a-5p might play a role as a chemotherapy sensitizer. In the cancer genome atlas data, high miR-26a-5p and low POLR3G expression were also related to higher survival rate of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. These results suggest that miR-26a-5p can suppress lung cancer stemness and make cancer cell become sensitive to chemotherapy. This finding provides a novel insight into a potential lung cancer treatment by regulating stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ryul Park
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, 44033, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyeok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yel Lee
- Myunggok Research Institute for Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeun Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chul Lee
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Koo
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Lan Yu
- Myunggok Research Institute for Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - In Beom Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jung Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeku Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Bae Lee
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 130, Dongdeok-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Woong Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Internal Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, 158, Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35365, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou C, Yang J, Liu T, Jia R, Yang L, Sun P, Zhao W. Copper metabolism and hepatocellular carcinoma: current insights. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1186659. [PMID: 37476384 PMCID: PMC10355993 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1186659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element that acts as a cofactor in various enzyme active sites in the human body. It participates in numerous life activities, including lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, and neurotransmitter synthesis. The proposal of "Cuproptosis" has made copper metabolism-related pathways a research hotspot in the field of tumor therapy, which has attracted great attention. This review discusses the biological processes of copper uptake, transport, and storage in human cells. It highlights the mechanisms by which copper metabolism affects hepatocellular carcinogenesis and metastasis, including autophagy, apoptosis, vascular invasion, cuproptosis, and ferroptosis. Additionally, it summarizes the current clinical applications of copper metabolism-related drugs in antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Yang
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong Liu
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Jia
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xianyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Pengfei Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxia Zhao
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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Romeo HE, Barreiro Arcos ML. Clinical relevance of stem cells in lung cancer. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:576-588. [PMID: 37424954 PMCID: PMC10324501 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i6.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, it has one of the lowest 5-year survival rate, mainly because it is diagnosed in the late stage of the disease. Lung cancer is classified into two groups, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-SCLC (NSCLC). In turn, NSCLC is categorized into three distinct cell subtypes: Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. NSCLC is the most common lung cancer, accounting for 85% of all lung cancers. Treatment for lung cancer is linked to the cell type and stage of the disease, involving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Despite improvements in therapeutic treatments, lung cancer patients show high rates of recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Lung stem cells (SCs) are undifferentiated cells capable of self-renewal and proliferation, are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy and, due to their properties, could be involved in the development and progression of lung cancer. The presence of SCs in the lung tissue could be the reason why lung cancer is difficult to treat. The identification of lung cancer stem cells biomarkers is of interest for precision medicine using new therapeutic agents directed against these cell populations. In this review, we present the current knowledge on lung SCs and discuss their functional role in the initiation and progression of lung cancer, as well as their role in tumor resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Eduardo Romeo
- School of Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED-UCA-CONICET), CABA C1107AAZ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Laura Barreiro Arcos
- School of Engineering and Agrarian Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina, Institute of Biomedical Research (BIOMED-UCA-CONICET), CABA C1107AAZ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Yehya A, Youssef J, Hachem S, Ismael J, Abou-Kheir W. Tissue-specific cancer stem/progenitor cells: Therapeutic implications. World J Stem Cells 2023; 15:323-341. [PMID: 37342220 PMCID: PMC10277968 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v15.i5.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation are the standard therapeutic modalities for treating cancer. These approaches are intended to target the more mature and rapidly dividing cancer cells. However, they spare the relatively quiescent and intrinsically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) subpopulation residing within the tumor tissue. Thus, a temporary eradication is achieved and the tumor bulk tends to revert supported by CSCs' resistant features. Based on their unique expression profile, the identification, isolation, and selective targeting of CSCs hold great promise for challenging treatment failure and reducing the risk of cancer recurrence. Yet, targeting CSCs is limited mainly by the irrelevance of the utilized cancer models. A new era of targeted and personalized anti-cancer therapies has been developed with cancer patient-derived organoids (PDOs) as a tool for establishing pre-clinical tumor models. Herein, we discuss the updated and presently available tissue-specific CSC markers in five highly occurring solid tumors. Additionally, we highlight the advantage and relevance of the three-dimensional PDOs culture model as a platform for modeling cancer, evaluating the efficacy of CSC-based therapeutics, and predicting drug response in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Yehya
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Joe Youssef
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Sana Hachem
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Jana Ismael
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
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9
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He Y, Yang M, Yang L, Hao M, Wang F, Li X, Taylor EW, Zhang X, Zhang J. Preparation and anticancer actions of CuET-nanoparticles dispersed by bovine serum albumin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 226:113329. [PMID: 37156027 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Diethyldithiocarbamate-copper complex (CuET) shows promising anticancer effect; nonetheless, preclinical evaluations of CuET are hindered due to poor solubility. We prepared bovine serum albumin (BSA)-dispersed CuET nanoparticles (CuET-NPs) to overcome the shortcoming. Results from a cell-free redox system demonstrated that CuET-NPs reacted with glutathione, leading to form hydroxyl radical. Glutathione-mediated production of hydroxyl radicals may help explain why CuET selectively kills drug-resistant cancer cells with higher levels of glutathione. CuET-NPs dispersed by autoxidation products of green tea epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) also reacted with glutathione; however, the autoxidation products eradicated hydroxyl radicals; consequently, such CuET-NPs exhibited largely compromised cytotoxicity, suggesting that hydroxyl radical is a crucial mediator of CuET anticancer activity. In cancer cells, BSA-dispersed CuET-NPs exhibited cytotoxic activities equivalent to CuET and induced protein poly-ubiquitination. Moreover, the reported powerful inhibition of CuET on colony formation and migration of cancer cells could be replicated by CuET-NPs. These similarities demonstrate BSA-dispersed CuET-NPs is identical to CuET. Thus, we advanced to pilot toxicological and pharmacological evaluations. CuET-NPs caused hematologic toxicities in mice and induced protein poly-ubiquitination and apoptosis of cancer cells inoculated in mice at a defined pharmacological dose. Given high interest in CuET and its poor solubility, BSA-dispersed CuET-NPs pave the way for preclinical evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng He
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Mingchuan Yang
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lumin Yang
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Meng Hao
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fuming Wang
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ethan Will Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Xiangchun Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China.
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Laboratory of Redox Biology, State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, School of Tea & Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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10
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Skurikhin EG, Ermakova N, Zhukova M, Pershina O, Pan E, Pakhomova A, Kogai L, Goldberg V, Simolina E, Skurikhina V, Widera D, Kubatiev A, Morozov SG, Kushlinskii N, Dygai A. Analysis of Circulating Tumor and Cancer Stem Cells Provides New Opportunities in Diagnosis and Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810853. [PMID: 36142766 PMCID: PMC9503899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current methods for diagnosis and treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) have only a modest efficacy. In this pilot study, we analyzed circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cancer stem cells (CSCs) in patients with SCLC to search for new diagnostic and prognostic markers and novel approaches to improve the treatment of the disease. In other forms of lung cancer, we showed a heterogeneity of blood CTCs and CSCs populations, as well as changes in other cell populations (ALDH+, CD87+CD276+, and EGF+Axl+) in smokers. A number of CTCs and CSCs in patients with SCLC have been shown to be resistant to chemotherapy (CT). High cytotoxic activity and resistance to apoptosis of reprogrammed CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes (rTcells) in relation to naive CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes was demonstrated in a smoking patient with SCLC (Patient G) in vitro. The target for rTcells was patient G’s blood CSCs. Reprogramming of CD3+CD8+ T-lymphocytes was carried out with the MEK1/2 inhibitor and PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blocker nivolumab. The training procedure was performed with a suspension of dead CTCs and CSCs obtained from patient’s G blood. The presented data show a new avenue for personalized SCLC diagnosis and targeted improvement of chemotherapy based on the use of both CTCs and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii G. Skurikhin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-3822-418-375
| | - Natalia Ermakova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mariia Zhukova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovski, 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga Pershina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Edgar Pan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Angelina Pakhomova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Lena Kogai
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovski, 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Victor Goldberg
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny, 5, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena Simolina
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Kooperativny, 5, 634009 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Victoria Skurikhina
- Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Siberian State Medical University, Moskovski, 2, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, Whiteknights Campus, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Aslan Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey G. Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Dygai
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lenin, 3, 634028 Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Kouba S, Hague F, Ahidouch A, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Crosstalk between Ca2+ Signaling and Cancer Stemness: The Link to Cisplatin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810687. [PMID: 36142596 PMCID: PMC9503744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fight against cancer, therapeutic strategies using cisplatin are severely limited by the appearance of a resistant phenotype. While cisplatin is usually efficient at the beginning of the treatment, several patients endure resistance to this agent and face relapse. One of the reasons for this resistant phenotype is the emergence of a cell subpopulation known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Due to their quiescent phenotype and self-renewal abilities, these cells have recently been recognized as a crucial field of investigation in cancer and treatment resistance. Changes in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) through Ca2+ channel activity are essential for many cellular processes such as proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival in various cell types. It is now proved that altered Ca2+ signaling is a hallmark of cancer, and several Ca2+ channels have been linked to CSC functions and therapy resistance. Moreover, cisplatin was shown to interfere with Ca2+ homeostasis; thus, it is considered likely that cisplatin-induced aberrant Ca2+ signaling is linked to CSCs biology and, therefore, therapy failure. The molecular signature defining the resistant phenotype varies between tumors, and the number of resistance mechanisms activated in response to a range of pressures dictates the global degree of cisplatin resistance. However, if we can understand the molecular mechanisms linking Ca2+ to cisplatin-induced resistance and CSC behaviors, alternative and novel therapeutic strategies could be considered. In this review, we examine how cisplatin interferes with Ca2+ homeostasis in tumor cells. We also summarize how cisplatin induces CSC markers in cancer. Finally, we highlight the role of Ca2+ in cancer stemness and focus on how they are involved in cisplatin-induced resistance through the increase of cancer stem cell populations and via specific pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Kouba
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Frédéric Hague
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Ahmed Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université Ibn Zohr, Agadir 81016, Morocco
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
- Correspondence:
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12
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Sun G, Yang Y, Liu J, Gao Z, Xu T, Chai J, Xu J, Fan Z, Xiao T, Jia Q, Li M. Cancer stem cells in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 237:154043. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Isothiocyanates (ITCs) 1-(Isothiocyanatomethyl)-4-phenylbenzene and 1-Isothiocyanato-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene—Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) Inhibitors, Decreases Cisplatin Tolerance and Migratory Ability of NSCLC. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158644. [PMID: 35955773 PMCID: PMC9369118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the main treatment modalities for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, the acquisition of cisplatin resistance remains a major problem. Existing chemotherapy regimens are often ineffective against cancer cells expressing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). As such, there is an urgent need for therapies targeting ALDH-positive cancer cells. The present study compares the anticancer properties of 36 structurally diverse isothiocyanates (ITCs) against NSCLC cells with the ALDH inhibitor disulfiram (DSF). Their potential affinity to ALDH isoforms and ABC proteins was assessed using AutoDockTools, allowing for selection of three compounds presenting the strongest affinity to all tested proteins. The selected ITCs had no impact on NSCLC cell viability (at tested concentrations), but significantly decreased the cisplatin tolerance of cisplatin-resistant variant of A549 (A549CisR) and advanced (stage 4) NSCLC cell line H1581. Furthermore, long-term supplementation with ITC 1-(isothiocyanatomethyl)-4-phenylbenzene reverses the EMT phenotype and migratory potential of A549CisR to the level presented by parental A549 cells, increasing E-Cadherin expression, followed by decreased expression of ABCC1 and ALDH3A1. Our data indicates that the ALDH inhibitors DSF and ITCs are potential adjuvants of cisplatin chemotherapy.
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14
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Mego M, Svetlovska D, Angelis V D, Kalavska K, Lesko P, Makovník M, Obertova J, Orszaghova Z, Palacka P, Rečková M, Rejlekova K, Z SM, Mardiak J, Chovanec M. Phase II study of Disulfiram and Cisplatin in Refractory Germ Cell Tumors. The GCT-SK-006 phase II trial. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:1080-1086. [PMID: 35763178 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple relapsed/refractory germ cell tumor (GCT) patients have extremely poor prognosis. Cisplatin resistant testicular GCTs overexpress aldehyde-dehydrogenase (ALDH) isoforms and inhibition of ALDH activity by disulfiram is associated with reconstitution of cisplatin sensitivity in vitro as well as in animal model. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and toxicity of ALDH inhibitor disulfiram in combination with cisplatin in patients with multiple relapsed/refractory GCTs. METHODS Disulfiram was administered at a dose of 400 mg daily until progression or unacceptable toxicity, cisplatin was administered at dose 50 mg/m2 day 1 and 2, every 3 weeks. Twelve evaluable patients had to be enrolled into the first cohort, and if 0 of 12 patients had treatment response, the study was to be terminated. The results of the first stage of the trial are presented in this report. RESULTS Twelve patients with multiple relapsed/refractory GCTs were enrolled in the phase II study from May 2019 to September 2021. Median number of treatment cycles was 2 (range 1-6). None of patients achieved objective response to treatment, therefore the study was terminated in first stage. Median progression-free survival was 1.4 months, 95% CI (0.7-1.5 months), and median overall survival was 2.9 months 95% CI (1.5-4.7 months). Disease stabilization for at least 3 months was observed in 2 (16.7%) patients. Treatment was well tolerated, however, 5 (41.7%) of patients experienced grade 3/4 fatigue, 4 (33.3%) thrombocytopenia, 3 (25.0%) anemia, while 2 (16.7%) experienced neutropenia, nausea and infection. CONCLUSIONS This study failed to achieve its primary endpoint and our data suggest limited efficacy of disulfiram in restoring sensitivity to cisplatin in multiple relapsed/refractory GCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mego
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia. .,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - D Svetlovska
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - K Kalavska
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia.,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Lesko
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Makovník
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - J Obertova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Z Orszaghova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Palacka
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Rečková
- National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - K Rejlekova
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - J Mardiak
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - M Chovanec
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia.,National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
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15
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Ebrahimi N, Kharazmi K, Ghanaatian M, Miraghel SA, Amiri Y, Seyedebrahimi SS, Mobarak H, Yazdani E, Parkhideh S, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Role of the Wnt and GTPase pathways in breast cancer tumorigenesis and treatment. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 67:11-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Masciale V, Banchelli F, Grisendi G, D’Amico R, Maiorana A, Stefani A, Morandi U, Stella F, Dominici M, Aramini B. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:239-247. [PMID: 35356974 PMCID: PMC8968653 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Lung cancer relapse may be associated with the presence of a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with unlimited proliferative potential. Our study assessed the relationship between CSCs and the relapse rate in patients harboring adenocarcinoma (ADL) and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL). Experimental design This is an observational prospective cohort study (NCT04634630) assessing the influence of CSC frequency on relapse rate after major lung resection in 35 patients harboring early (I-II) (n = 21) and locally advanced (IIIA) (n = 14) ADL and SCCL. There was a 2-year enrollment period followed by a 1-year follow-up period. Surgical tumor specimens were processed, and CSCs were quantified by cytofluorimetric analysis. Results Cancer stem cells were expressed in all patients with a median of 3.1% of the primary cell culture. Primary analysis showed no influence of CSC frequency on the risk of relapse (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85-1.30). At secondary analysis, patients with locally advanced disease with higher CSC frequency had an increased risk of relapse (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.14-1.39), whereas this was not observed in early-stage patients (HR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.65-1.25). Conclusion No association was found between CSC and relapse rates after major lung resection in patients harboring ACL and SCCL. However, in locally advanced-stage patients, a positive correlation was observed between CSC frequency and risk of relapse. These results indicate a need for further molecular investigations into the prognostic role of CSCs at different lung cancer stages. Clinical Trial Registration NCT04634630.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Center of Medical Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto D’Amico
- Center of Medical Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Franco Stella
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine—DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni—L. Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy
- Corresponding author: Beatrice Aramini, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine - DIMES of the Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, G.B. Morgagni - L. Pierantoni Hospital, 34 Carlo Forlanini Street, 47121 Forlì, Italy Forlì, Italy.
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17
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Skurikhin E, Pershina O, Zhukova M, Widera D, Ermakova N, Pan E, Pakhomova A, Morozov S, Kubatiev A, Dygai A. Potential of Stem Cells and CART as a Potential Polytherapy for Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:778020. [PMID: 34926461 PMCID: PMC8678572 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.778020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing urgency of the problem of treating small cell lung cancer (SCLC), information on the causes of its development is fragmentary. There is no complete understanding of the features of antitumor immunity and the role of the microenvironment in the development of SCLC resistance. This impedes the development of new methods for the diagnosis and treatment of SCLC. Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have common pathogenetic factors. COPD is a risk factor for lung cancer including SCLC. Therefore, the search for effective approaches to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of SCLC in patients with COPD is an urgent task. This review provides information on the etiology and pathogenesis of SCLC, analyses the effectiveness of current treatment options, and critically evaluates the potential of chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy (CART therapy) in SCLC. Moreover, we discuss potential links between lung cancer and COPD and the role of endothelium in the development of COPD. Finally, we propose a new approach for increasing the efficacy of CART therapy in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Skurikhin
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Olga Pershina
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Mariia Zhukova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Darius Widera
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Ermakova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Edgar Pan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Angelina Pakhomova
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Dygai
- Laboratory of Regenerative Pharmacology, Goldberg ED Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, Tomsk National Research Medical Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Zhao P, Tang X, Huang Y. Teaching new tricks to old dogs: A review of drug repositioning of disulfiram for cancer nanomedicine. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Xueping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- Artemisinin Research Center Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients Shanghai China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Institutes of Drug Discovery and Development Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhongshan China
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19
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Catara G, Spano D. Combinatorial Strategies to Target Molecular and Signaling Pathways to Disarm Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:689131. [PMID: 34381714 PMCID: PMC8352560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.689131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is an urgent public health issue with a very huge number of cases all over the world expected to increase by 2040. Despite improved diagnosis and therapeutic protocols, it remains the main leading cause of death in the world. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) constitute a tumor subpopulation defined by ability to self-renewal and to generate the heterogeneous and differentiated cell lineages that form the tumor bulk. These cells represent a major concern in cancer treatment due to resistance to conventional protocols of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. In fact, although partial or complete tumor regression can be achieved in patients, these responses are often followed by cancer relapse due to the expansion of CSCs population. The aberrant activation of developmental and oncogenic signaling pathways plays a relevant role in promoting CSCs therapy resistance. Although several targeted approaches relying on monotherapy have been developed to affect these pathways, they have shown limited efficacy. Therefore, an urgent need to design alternative combinatorial strategies to replace conventional regimens exists. This review summarizes the preclinical studies which provide a proof of concept of therapeutic efficacy of combinatorial approaches targeting the CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Spano
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
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20
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Li M, Liu Y, Zhang W, Li C, Zhu Y, Wang S. Tadalafil Reverses the Effect of Three-Dimensional Cell Culture System on Stem Cell Features in A549 and SK-MES-1. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:869-880. [PMID: 34182826 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer and is a frequent cause of death. In our research, A549 and SK-MES-1 were used to assess the effect of three-dimensional (3D) culture compared to that of two-dimensional (2D) monolayers in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, response to chemotherapy, as well as the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell (CSC)-related markers. As tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor with the potential to target CSC maintenance in multiple cancer cell lines, we assessed its function in 3D culture and detected the downstream pathway genes. Methods: We compared the viability and proliferation capacity of A549 and SK-MES-1 cells in 2D and 3D culture by cell counting kit (CCK)-8, foci formation, and Live/Dead double stain (Operetta CLS High content screening). Migration, invasion, and other functions were also assessed. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, the expression of EMT and CSC markers was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot. Results: A549 and SK-MES-1 cells formed spheroids heterogeneous in shape and size. In our 3D spheroid systems, cells went through EMT, and were also capacitated with higher stemness and chemoresistance. Combination use of tadalafil and cisplatin showed higher chemotherapy efficiency in the 3D model, compared to that of the 2D cell culture. Conclusion: Our research aims at the notable differences between these two cellular systems in terms of cell functions, EMT, and stemness-associated gene expression and chemo-response. We showed that a commonly used drug, tadalafil, showed more pronounced inhibitory effects when cells were cultured in the 3D model. Since the 3D culture system could imitate the in vivo behavior of cancer cells within the tumor, we advocate that this system is superior to traditional 2D culture and should be used in the investigation of new therapeutic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Weifei Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Department of Oncology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Cancer Institute of Shenzhen-PKU-HKUST Medical Center, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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21
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Jorunnamycin A Suppresses Stem-Like Phenotypes and Sensitizes Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis in Cancer Stem-Like Cell-Enriched Spheroids of Human Lung Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050261. [PMID: 34063628 PMCID: PMC8147647 DOI: 10.3390/md19050261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been recognized that cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in tumor tissue crucially contribute to therapeutic failure, resulting in a high mortality rate in lung cancer patients. Due to their stem-like features of self-renewal and tumor formation, CSCs can lead to drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Herein, the suppressive effect of jorunnamycin A, a bistetrahydroisoquinolinequinone isolated from Thai blue sponge Xestospongia sp., on cancer spheroid initiation and self-renewal in the CSCs of human lung cancer cells is revealed. The depletion of stemness transcription factors, including Nanog, Oct-4, and Sox2 in the lung CSC-enriched population treated with jorunnamycin A (0.5 μM), resulted from the activation of GSK-3β and the consequent downregulation of β-catenin. Interestingly, pretreatment with jorunnamycin A at 0.5 μM for 24 h considerably sensitized lung CSCs to cisplatin-induced apoptosis, as evidenced by upregulated p53 and decreased Bcl-2 in jorunnamycin A-pretreated CSC-enriched spheroids. Moreover, the combination treatment of jorunnamycin A (0.5 μM) and cisplatin (25 μM) also diminished CD133-overexpresssing cells presented in CSC-enriched spheroids. Thus, evidence on the regulatory functions of jorunnamycin A may facilitate the development of this marine-derived compound as a novel chemotherapy agent that targets CSCs in lung cancer treatment.
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22
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MacDonagh L, Gallagher MF, Ffrench B, Gasch C, Gray SG, Reidy M, Nicholson S, Leonard N, Ryan R, Young V, O'Leary JJ, Cuffe S, Finn SP, O'Byrne KJ, Barr MP. MicroRNA expression profiling and biomarker validation in treatment-naïve and drug resistant non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1773-1791. [PMID: 34012792 PMCID: PMC8107736 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background In the absence of targetable mutations or immune checkpoints, cisplatin-doublet chemotherapy remains the standard of care in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Drug resistance has however become a significant clinical challenge. Exploring a role for small non-coding microRNAs (miRNA) as biomarker candidates in cisplatin resistant (CisR) lung cancer is lacking and warrants further investigation. Methods miRNA expression profiling was assessed in a panel of cisplatin sensitive and resistant NSCLC cell lines and validated by qPCR. Modulation of altered miRNAs was studied using antagomiRs and pre-miRs while functional assays were used to assess cisplatin response. The translational relevance of these miRNAs as potential biomarkers was assessed in serum and matched normal and tumour lung tissues from chemo-naïve NSCLC patients, in addition to xenograft formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumours derived from cisplatin sensitive and resistant cell lines. Results Differential expression of a 5-miR signature (miR-30a-3p, miR-30b-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-4286) demonstrated their ability to distinguish between normal and tumour lung tissue and between NSCLC histologies. In squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC), tissue miRNA expression was associated with poor survival. miR-4286 showed promise as a blood-based diagnostic biomarker that could distinguish between adenocarcinoma and SqCC histologies. In a xenograft model of cisplatin resistance, using 7-9 week old female NOD/SCID mice (NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/NCrCrl), a 5-miRNA panel showed altered expression between sensitive and resistant tumours. Conclusions This study identified a panel of miRNAs which may have diagnostic and prognostic potential as novel biomarkers in lung cancer and furthermore, may have a predictive role in monitoring the emergence of resistance to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren MacDonagh
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael F Gallagher
- Histopathology Department, Sir Patrick Dun Laboratories, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital & Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Ffrench
- Histopathology Department, Sir Patrick Dun Laboratories, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital & Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claudia Gasch
- Histopathology Department, Sir Patrick Dun Laboratories, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital & Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie Reidy
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Niamh Leonard
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan Ryan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vincent Young
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Histopathology Department, Sir Patrick Dun Laboratories, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital & Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women and Infant's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Medical Oncology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James's Hospital and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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23
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MacDonagh L, Santiago RM, Gray SG, Breen E, Cuffe S, Finn SP, O'Byrne KJ, Barr MP. Exploitation of the vitamin A/retinoic acid axis depletes ALDH1-positive cancer stem cells and re-sensitises resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells to cisplatin. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101025. [PMID: 33550205 PMCID: PMC7868629 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in personalised medicine and the emerging role of immune checkpoints in directing treatment decisions in subsets of lung cancer patients, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The development of drug resistance plays a key role in the relapse of lung cancer patients in the clinical setting, mainly due to the unlimited renewal capacity of residual cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumour cell population during chemotherapy. In this study, we investigated the function of the CSC marker, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1) in retinoic acid cell signalling using an in vitro model of cisplatin resistant NSCLC. The addition of key components in retinoic acid cell signalling, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and retinol to cisplatin chemotherapy, significantly reduced ALDH1-positive cell subsets in cisplatin resistant NSCLC cells relative to their sensitive counterparts resulting in the re-sensitisation of chemo-resistant cells to the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin. Furthermore, combination of ATRA or retinol with cisplatin significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation and increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis. This increase in apoptosis may, at least in part, be due to differential gene expression of the retinoic acid (RARα/β) and retinoid X (RXRα) nuclear receptors in cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells. These data support the concept of exploiting the retinoic acid signalling cascade as a novel strategy in targeting subsets of CSCs in cisplatin resistant lung tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren MacDonagh
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Rhyla Mae Santiago
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Steven G Gray
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Eamon Breen
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Medical Oncology Department, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Stephen P Finn
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Histopathology Department, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Cancer & Ageing Research Program, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Martin P Barr
- Thoracic Oncology Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital & Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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24
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Ryan SL, Dave KA, Beard S, Gyimesi M, McTaggart M, Sahin KB, Molloy C, Gandhi NS, Boittier E, O'Leary CG, Shah ET, Bolderson E, Baird AM, Richard DJ, O'Byrne KJ, Adams MN. Identification of Proteins Deregulated by Platinum-Based Chemotherapy as Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:615967. [PMID: 33777753 PMCID: PMC7991912 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.615967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the cornerstone of treatment for most people with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), either as adjuvant therapy in combination with a second cytotoxic agent or in combination with immunotherapy. Resistance to therapy, either in the form of primary refractory disease or evolutionary resistance, remains a significant issue in the treatment of NSCLC. Hence, predictive biomarkers and novel combinational strategies are required to improve the effectiveness and durability of treatment response 6for people with NSCLC. The aim of this study was to identify novel biomarkers and/or druggable proteins from deregulated protein networks within non-oncogene driven disease that are involved in the cellular response to cisplatin. Following exposure of NSCLC cells to cisplatin, in vitro quantitative mass spectrometry was applied to identify altered protein response networks. A total of 65 proteins were significantly deregulated following cisplatin exposure. These proteins were assessed to determine if they are druggable targets using novel machine learning approaches and to identify whether these proteins might serve as prognosticators of platinum therapy. Our data demonstrate novel candidates and drug-like molecules warranting further investigation to improve response to platinum agents in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Louise Ryan
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Keyur A Dave
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sam Beard
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Martina Gyimesi
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew McTaggart
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Katherine B Sahin
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Molloy
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Neha S Gandhi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric Boittier
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Connor G O'Leary
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Esha T Shah
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Derek J Richard
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,Thoracic Oncology Research Group, Labmed Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark N Adams
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
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25
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Disulfiram Acts as a Potent Radio-Chemo Sensitizer in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines and Transplanted Xenografts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030517. [PMID: 33671083 PMCID: PMC7999545 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of locally advanced and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is primarily mediated by the functional properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and resistance to chemoradiotherapy. We investigated whether the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) inhibitor disulfiram (DSF) can enhance the sensitivity of therapy. Cell viability was assessed by the 1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan (MTT) and apoptosis assays, and the cell cycle and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were evaluated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The radio-sensitizing effect was measured by a colony formation assay. The synergistic effects were calculated by combination index (CI) analyses. The DSF and DSF/Cu2+ inhibited the cell proliferation (inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) of DSF and DSF/Cu2+ were 13.96 μM and 0.24 μM). DSF and cisplatin displayed a synergistic effect (CI values were <1). DSF or DSF/Cu2+ abolished the cisplatin-induced G2/M arrest (from 52.9% to 40.7% and 41.1%), and combining irradiation (IR) with DSF or DSF/Cu2+ reduced the colony formation and attenuated the G2/M arrest (from 53.6% to 40.2% and 41.9%). The combination of cisplatin, DSF or DSF/Cu2+, and IR enhanced the radio-chemo sensitivity by inducing apoptosis (42.04% and 32.21%) and ROS activity (46.3% and 37.4%). DSF and DSF/Cu2+ enhanced the sensitivity of HNSCC to cisplatin and IR. Confirming the initial data from patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) supported a strong rationale to repurpose DSF as a radio-chemosensitizer and to assess its therapeutic potential in a clinical setting.
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26
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Dinneen K, Baird AM, Ryan C, Sheils O. The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Drug Resistance in Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:600373. [PMID: 33628765 PMCID: PMC7897661 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.600373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJA) have dramatically increased in incidence in the western world since the mid-20th century. Their prognosis is poor, and conventional anti-cancer therapies do not significantly improve survival outcomes. These tumours are comprised of a heterogenous population of both cancer stem cells (CSC) and non-CSCs, with the former playing a crucial role in tumorigenesis, metastasis and importantly drug resistance. Due to the ability of CSCs to self-replicate indefinitely, their resistance to anti-cancer therapies poses a significant barrier to effective treatment of GEJA. Ongoing drug development programmes aim to target and eradicate CSCs, however their characterisation and thus identification is difficult. CSC regulation is complex, involving an array of signalling pathways, which are in turn influenced by a number of entities including epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), microRNAs (miRNAs), the tumour microenvironment and epigenetic modifications. Identification of CSCs commonly relies on the expression of specific cell surface markers, yet these markers vary between different malignancies and indeed are often co-expressed in non-neoplastic tissues. Development of targeted drug therapies against CSCs thus requires an understanding of disease-specific CSC markers and regulatory mechanisms. This review details the current knowledge regarding CSCs in GEJA, with particular emphasis on their role in drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Dinneen
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara Ryan
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Wang J, Zhang X, Yang F, Yang Y, Wang T, Liu W, Zhou H, Zhao W. RASSF1A Enhances Chemosensitivity of NSCLC Cells Through Activating Autophagy by Regulating MAP1S to Inactivate Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:21-35. [PMID: 33442234 PMCID: PMC7797300 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s269277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cisplatin (DDP) is an effective first-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment; however, it can cause resistance and thus pose an obstacle to the efficacy of chemotherapy in NSCLC. This study aims to detect the effect of RASSF1A on DDP resistance of NSCLC and the underlying mechanism. Methods The expression levels of RASSF1A and microtubule-associated protein 1S (MAP1S) were investigated by qRT-PCR and Western blot and their interaction was testified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) analysis. The IC50 value of DDP on A549 and A549/DDP cells (DDP-resistant cells) was measured. A549/DDP cells were transfected with pCDNA3.1-RASSF1A, pCDNA3.1-MAP1S, or si-RASSF1A, followed by treated with DDP. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) were employed to measure cell survival rate. Western blot was applied to test the levels of autophagy-associated proteins p62, LC3II, and LC3I. Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 puncta to evaluate the level of autophagy. Finally, a xenograft model in nude mice using A549/DDP cells was developed. Results RASSF1A and MAP1S were lowly expressed and positively correlated in NSCLC tissues. We observed that RASSF1A and MAP1S overexpression significantly enhanced DDP-induced effects in A549 and A549/DDP cells, including decreased cell viability, as well as increased autophagy levels. Besides, investigations into the mechanism between RASSF1A and MAP1S disclosed that RASSF1A could regulate MAP1S to inactivate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, thus activating autophagy to enhance chemosensitivity. Moreover, consistent results were confirmed in vivo experiments. Conclusion RASSF1A increases chemosensitivity in NSCLC by facilitating autophagy via MAP1S-mediated Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincai Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Boao Evergrande International Hospital, Qionghai, Hainan 571400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenming Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfeng Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150086, People's Republic of China
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28
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Rho GTPases: Big Players in Breast Cancer Initiation, Metastasis and Therapeutic Responses. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102167. [PMID: 32992837 PMCID: PMC7600866 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases, a family of the Ras GTPase superfamily, are key regulators of the actin cytoskeleton. They were originally thought to primarily affect cell migration and invasion; however, recent advances in our understanding of the biology and function of Rho GTPases have demonstrated their diverse roles within the cell, including membrane trafficking, gene transcription, migration, invasion, adhesion, survival and growth. As these processes are critically involved in cancer initiation, metastasis and therapeutic responses, it is not surprising that studies have demonstrated important roles of Rho GTPases in cancer. Although the majority of data indicates an oncogenic role of Rho GTPases, tumor suppressor functions of Rho GTPases have also been revealed, suggesting a context and cell-type specific function for Rho GTPases in cancer. This review aims to summarize recent progresses in our understanding of the regulation and functions of Rho GTPases, specifically in the context of breast cancer. The potential of Rho GTPases as therapeutic targets and prognostic tools for breast cancer patients are also discussed.
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29
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Yu C, Wang Z, Sun Z, Zhang L, Zhang W, Xu Y, Zhang JJ. Platinum-Based Combination Therapy: Molecular Rationale, Current Clinical Uses, and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2020; 63:13397-13412. [PMID: 32813515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Platinum drugs are common in chemotherapy, but their clinical applications have been limited due to drug resistance and severe toxic effects. The combination of platinum drugs with other drugs with different mechanisms of anticancer action, especially checkpoint inhibitors, is increasingly popular. This combination is the leading strategy to improve the therapeutic efficiency and minimize the side effects of platinum drugs. In this review, we focus on the mechanistic basis of the combinations of platinum-based drugs with other drugs to inspire the development of more promising platinum-based combination regimens in clinical trials as well as novel multitargeting platinum drugs overcoming drug resistance and toxicities resulting from current platinum drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zeren Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wanwan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yungen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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30
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Montemagno C, Pagès G. Resistance to Anti-angiogenic Therapies: A Mechanism Depending on the Time of Exposure to the Drugs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:584. [PMID: 32775327 PMCID: PMC7381352 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting one, represents a critical process for oxygen and nutrient supply to proliferating cells, therefore promoting tumor growth and metastasis. The Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) pathway is one of the key mediators of angiogenesis in cancer. Therefore, several therapies including monoclonal antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors target this axis. Although preclinical studies demonstrated strong antitumor activity, clinical studies were disappointing. Antiangiogenic drugs, used to treat metastatic patients suffering of different types of cancers, prolonged survival to different extents but are not curative. In this review, we focused on different mechanisms involved in resistance to antiangiogenic therapies from early stage resistance involving mainly tumor cells to late stages related to the adaptation of the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Montemagno
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco.,CNRS UMR 7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco.,CNRS UMR 7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.,INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
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31
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Zhao Y, Zheng R, Chen J, Ning D. CircRNA CDR1as/miR-641/HOXA9 pathway regulated stemness contributes to cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:289. [PMID: 32655321 PMCID: PMC7339514 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01390-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin (DDP) is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and long-term DDP stimulation increased resistance of NSCLC cells to this drug by enriching cancer stem cells (CSCs), which contributed to recurrence and worse prognosis of NSCLC, but the molecular mechanisms are still not fully delineated. Methods Real-Time qPCR and Western Blot analysis were conducted to examine gene expressions at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Dual-luciferase reporter gene system was used to validate the targeting sites among circRNA CDR1as, miR-641 and HOXA9 mRNA. Cell growth was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, trypan blue staining assay and colony formation assay. The Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining method was employed to measure cell apoptosis ratio. Spheroid formation and flow cytometer assay was used to evaluate cell stemness. Xenograft mice models were established to measure tumorgenicity in vivo, and Ki67 expressions in mice tumor tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results Here we identified a novel circRNA CDR1as/miR-641/Homeobox protein Hox-A9 (HOXA9) pathway regulated stemness and DDP chemoresistance in NSCLC. Mechanistically, circRNA CDR1as and HOXA9 were high-expressed, while miR-641 was low-expressed in DDP-resistant NSCLC cells, instead of their corresponding parental DDP-sensitive NSCLC cells. Additionally, we validated that circRNA CDR1as positively regulated HOXA9 in NSCLC cells by serving as an RNA sponge for miR-641, and knock-down of circRNA CDR1as increased the sensitivity of DDP-resistant NSCLC cells, which were reversed by downregulating miR-641 and upregulating HOXA9. Consistently, overexpression of circRNA CDR1as increased drug resistance of DDP-sensitive NSCLC cells by regulating miR-641/HOXA9 axis. In addition, the expression levels of stemness signatures (SOX2, OCT4 and Nanog) were higher in DDP-resistant NSCLC cells, which also tended to form spheres and enrich CD44+CD166+ population compared to their parental DDP-sensitive NSCLC cells, suggesting that CSCs were enriched in DDP-resistant NSCLC cells. Notably, knock-down of circRNA CDR1as inhibited stemness of DDP-resistant NSCLC cells by inhibiting HOXA9 through upregulating miR-641. Conclusions Taken together, this study identified that circRNA CDR1as regulated stemness and DDP chemoresistance in NSCLC cells by targeting miR-641/HOXA9 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Maoyuan South Road, No. 1, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Renyan Zheng
- Department of Anorectal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Maoyuan South Road, No. 1, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Maoyuan South Road, No. 1, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan China
| | - Dong Ning
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Maoyuan South Road, No. 1, Nanchong, 637000 Sichuan China
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32
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Cho Y, Kim YK. Cancer Stem Cells as a Potential Target to Overcome Multidrug Resistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:764. [PMID: 32582535 PMCID: PMC7280434 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR), which is a significant impediment to the success of cancer chemotherapy, is attributable to various defensive mechanisms in cancer. Initially, overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) was considered the most important mechanism for drug resistance; hence, many investigators for a long time focused on the development of specific ABC transporter inhibitors. However, to date their efforts have failed to develop a clinically applicable drug, leaving only a number of problems. The concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has provided new directions for both cancer and MDR research. MDR is known to be one of the most important features of CSCs and thus plays a crucial role in cancer recurrence and exacerbation. Therefore, in recent years, research targeting CSCs has been increasing rapidly in search of an effective cancer treatment. Here, we review the drugs that have been studied and developed to overcome MDR and CSCs, and discuss the limitations and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Kee Kim
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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33
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Oki T, Aokage K, Ueda T, Sugano M, Tane K, Miyoshi T, Kojima M, Fujii S, Kuwata T, Ochiai A, Funai K, Tsuboi M, Ishii G. Proportion of goblet cell is associated with malignant potential in invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung. Pathol Int 2020; 69:526-535. [PMID: 31559671 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a newly classified variant of lung adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between the proportion of goblet cells and the clinicopathological characteristics of IMA. Ninety-nine patients with stage I IMA were included in this study. We estimated prognostic impact of goblet cell proportion. We classified them into two groups: the cases with a high goblet cell proportion (HGP, goblet cell proportion ≥80%) and the cases with a low goblet cell proportion (LGP, goblet cell proportion ≤30%), and compared the expression levels of five cancer progression markers and the number of tumor-promoting stromal cells between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the goblet cell proportion was a prognostic factor for recurrence free survival (P < 0.01) and overall survival (P = 0.01). The expression levels of the cancer stem cell-related marker, ALDH-1, and proliferation-related marker, geminin were significantly higher in the LGP group than in the HGP group. CD204+ tumor-associated macrophages were significantly more in the LGP stroma than the HGP stroma. Our current study indicated that the proportion of goblet cells was correlated with the malignant potential in surgically resected IMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Oki
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Keiju Aokage
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takuya Ueda
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan.,Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masato Sugano
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kenta Tane
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Miyoshi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kojima
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwata
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ochiai
- Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Funai
- First Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Genichiro Ishii
- Division of Pathology, Exploratory Oncology Research & Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Masciale V, Grisendi G, Banchelli F, D'Amico R, Maiorana A, Sighinolfi P, Stefani A, Morandi U, Dominici M, Aramini B. CD44+/EPCAM+ cells detect a subpopulation of ALDH high cells in human non-small cell lung cancer: A chance for targeting cancer stem cells? Oncotarget 2020; 11:1545-1555. [PMID: 32391123 PMCID: PMC7197447 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several studies demonstrated that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD44 are the most considered cancer stem cells (CSC) markers. However, a comparison between ALDH high cells and CD44+ cells have been previously described with no significant correlation. Indeed, the aim of the present research is to identify a superficial marker able to match with ALDH high cells population in freshly isolated human lung cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed the expression of ALDHhigh/low cells and the positivity for CD44 and epithelium cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) antigens in surgical lung cancer tissues. The main approach was a cytofluorimetric analysis of ALDH expression and positivity for CD44/EPCAM on primary cell population obtained from 23 patients harboring NSCLC. RESULTS There was a highly positive correlation between the expressions of ALDHhigh and CD44+/EPCAM+ cells, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient equal to 0.69 (95% CI 0.39-0.86; P = 0.0002), and Spearman's correlation coefficient equal to 0.52 (P = 0.0124). The average paired difference between the expression of ALDHhigh and CD44+/EPCAM+ cells was very close to 0, being 0.1% (SD 2.5%); there was no difference between these subpopulations in terms of means (95% CI = -1.0; 1.2%, P = 0.8464). These results highlight a strong similarity between ALDHhigh and CD44+/EPCAM+ cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first attempt which identifies a high correlation between the ALDHhigh and the CD44+/EPCAM+ cells, thus suggesting the possibility to use this superficial marker for future target treatments against lung cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Masciale
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Co-first/last authors
| | - Giulia Grisendi
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Co-first/last authors
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Co-first/last authors
| | - Roberto D'Amico
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Maiorana
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Pamela Sighinolfi
- Institute of Pathology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefani
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Uliano Morandi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Co-first/last authors
| | - Beatrice Aramini
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Co-first/last authors
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35
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Wang W, Zheng S, He H, Ge H, Saeed BR. N,N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde targets aldehyde dehydrogenase to eradicate human pancreatic cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:662-670. [PMID: 32550888 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a common cause of worldwide cancer-related mortality with a poor 5-year survival rate. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is a possible marker for malignant stem cells in solid organ systems, including the pancreas, and N,N-diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) is able to inhibit ALDH activity. In the present study, the role of DEAB in the treatment of pancreatic cancer cells and the potential underlying mechanisms were investigated. The ALDH activities of pancreatic cancer cell lines treated with or without DEAB were analyzed by an ALDEFLUOR™ assay. The Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays, and cell cycle analysis were used to evaluate the viability, colony-forming ability and cell quiescence of cell lines under DEAB treatment, respectively. DEAB and/or gemcitabine-induced cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. DEAB reduced ALDH activity and inhibited the proliferation, colony-forming ability and cell quiescence of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Compared with respective controls, DEAB alone and the combination of gemcitabine and DEAB significantly decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis. Moreover, reverse transcription-PCR and western blotting were used to measure the expressions of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) associated X protein (Bax) and Bcl2 mRNA and protein. The anti-cancer effect of DEAB was associated with upregulation of Bax expression. Therefore, targeting ALDH with DEAB may be a potential therapeutic choice for pancreatic cancer, demonstrating a synergic effect with gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, P.R. China
| | - Shiya Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Haiju He
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hao Ge
- Department of Oncology, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, Jiangsu 213300, P.R. China
| | - Borhan R Saeed
- Department of Medicine V, University of Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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36
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Li H, Wang J, Wu C, Wang L, Chen ZS, Cui W. The combination of disulfiram and copper for cancer treatment. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1099-1108. [PMID: 32320854 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disulfiram (DSF) is a thiuram derivative that was developed to treat alcoholism but was also found to have antitumor activity. Copper (Cu), as a trace metal, has important roles in the body. Numerous studies have shown that the combination of DSF and copper (DSF/Cu) greatly enhances its antitumor efficacy. Given that the efficacy of DSF is well established and its safety profile is understood, repurposing DSF as a new anticancer drug is a promising strategy. Here, we summarize the pharmacological effects of DSF and the role of Cu in cancer, and focus on the antitumor effect of DSF/Cu, especially the mechanisms involved in enhancing drug sensibility by targeting specific molecules. We also provide rational strategies for using DSF as a cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China.
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 110016, Shenyang, PR China.
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37
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Coencapsulation of disulfiram and doxorubicin in liposomes strongly reverses multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Targeting liver aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 prevents heavy but not moderate alcohol drinking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25974-25981. [PMID: 31792171 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1908137116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a key enzyme for detoxification the ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde, is recognized as a promising therapeutic target to treat alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Disulfiram, a potent ALDH2 inhibitor, is an approved drug for the treatment of AUD but has clinical limitations due to its side effects. This study aims to elucidate the relative contribution of different organs in acetaldehyde clearance through ALDH2 by using global- (Aldh2 -/-) and tissue-specific Aldh2-deficient mice, and to examine whether liver-specific ALDH2 inhibition can prevent alcohol-seeking behavior. Aldh2 -/- mice showed markedly higher acetaldehyde concentrations than wild-type (WT) mice after acute ethanol gavage. Acetaldehyde levels in hepatocyte-specific Aldh2 knockout (Aldh2 Hep-/-) mice were significantly higher than those in WT mice post gavage, but did not reach the levels observed in Aldh2 -/- mice. Energy expenditure and motility were dramatically dampened in Aldh2 -/- mice, but moderately decreased in Aldh2 Hep-/- mice compared to controls. In the 2-bottle paradigm and the drinking-in-the-dark model, Aldh2 -/- mice drank negligible volumes from ethanol-containing bottles, whereas Aldh2 Hep-/- mice showed reduced alcohol preference at high but not low alcohol concentrations. Glial cell- or neuron-specific Aldh2 deficiency did not affect voluntary alcohol consumption. Finally, specific liver Aldh2 knockdown via injection of shAldh2 markedly decreased alcohol preference. In conclusion, although the liver is the major organ responsible for acetaldehyde metabolism, a cumulative effect of ALDH2 from other organs likely also contributes to systemic acetaldehyde clearance. Liver-targeted ALDH2 inhibition can decrease heavy drinking without affecting moderate drinking, providing molecular basis for hepatic ALDH2 targeting/editing for the treatment of AUD.
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39
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Wu Q, Wu Z, Bao C, Li W, He H, Sun Y, Chen Z, Zhang H, Ning Z. Cancer stem cells in esophageal squamous cell cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5022-5032. [PMID: 31612013 PMCID: PMC6781610 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to govern the origin, progression, drug resistance, recurrence and metastasis of human cancer. CSCs have been identified in nearly all types of human cancer, including esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Four major methods are typically used to isolate or enrich CSCs, including: i) fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic-activated cell sorting using cell-specific surface markers; ii) stem cell markers, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1; iii) side population cell phenotype markers; and iv) microsphere culture methods. ESCC stem cells have been identified using a number of these methods. An increasing number of stem cell signatures and pathways have been identified, which have assisted in the clarification of molecular mechanisms that regulate the stemness of ESCC stem cells. Certain viruses, such as human papillomavirus and hepatitis B virus, are also considered to be important in the formation of CSCs, and there is a crosstalk between stemness and viruses-associated genes/pathways, which may suggest a potential therapeutic strategy for the eradication of CSCs. In the present review, findings are summarized along these lines of inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China.,Nurse School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Cuiyu Bao
- Nurse School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hui He
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Yanling Sun
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Zimin Chen
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Basic Medical School, Ji'nan University Medical School, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Ning
- Basic Medical School, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei 437100, P.R. China
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40
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Fakiruddin KS, Lim MN, Nordin N, Rosli R, Zakaria Z, Abdullah S. Targeting of CD133+ Cancer Stem Cells by Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expressing TRAIL Reveals a Prospective Role of Apoptotic Gene Regulation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091261. [PMID: 31466290 PMCID: PMC6770521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as vehicles for anti-tumor cytotherapy; however, investigation on its efficacy to target a specific cancer stem cell (CSC) population in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lacking. Using assays to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression, we investigated the efficacy of MSCs expressing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (MSC-TRAIL) to target and destroy CD133+ (prominin-1 positive) NSCLC-derived CSCs. Characterization of TRAIL death receptor 5 (DR5) revealed that it was highly expressed in the CD133+ CSCs of both H460 and H2170 cell lines. The human MSC-TRAIL generated in the study maintained its multipotent characteristics, and caused significant tumor cell inhibition in NSCLC-derived CSCs in a co-culture. The MSC-TRAIL induced an increase in annexin V expression, an indicator of apoptosis in H460 and H2170 derived CD133+ CSCs. Through investigation of mitochondria membrane potential, we found that MSC-TRAIL was capable of inducing intrinsic apoptosis to the CSCs. Using pathway-specific gene expression profiling, we uncovered candidate genes such as NFKB1, BAG3, MCL1, GADD45A, and HRK in CD133+ CSCs, which, if targeted, might increase the sensitivity of NSCLC to MSC-TRAIL-mediated inhibition. As such, our findings add credibility to the utilization of MSC-TRAIL for the treatment of NSCLC through targeting of CD133+ CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Shaik Fakiruddin
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia.
| | - Moon Nian Lim
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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41
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Schmidtova S, Kalavska K, Gercakova K, Cierna Z, Miklikova S, Smolkova B, Buocikova V, Miskovska V, Durinikova E, Burikova M, Chovanec M, Matuskova M, Mego M, Kucerova L. Disulfiram Overcomes Cisplatin Resistance in Human Embryonal Carcinoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1224. [PMID: 31443351 PMCID: PMC6769487 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) is a clinical challenge. We investigated the underlying mechanisms associated with cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and modalities circumventing the chemoresistance. Chemoresistant models (designated as CisR) of human embryonal carcinoma cell lines NTERA-2 and NCCIT were derived and characterized using flow cytometry, gene expression, functional and protein arrays. Tumorigenicity was determined on immunodeficient mouse model. Disulfiram was used to examine chemosensitization of resistant cells. ALDH1A3 isoform expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 216 patients' tissue samples. Chemoresistant cells were significantly more resistant to cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin compared to parental cells. NTERA-2 CisR cells exhibited altered morphology and increased tumorigenicity. High ALDH1A3 expression and increased ALDH activity were detected in both refractory cell lines. Disulfiram in combination with cisplatin showed synergy for NTERA-2 CisR and NCCIT CisR cells and inhibited growth of NTERA-2 CisR xenografts. Significantly higher ALDH1A3 expression was detected in TGCTs patients' tissue samples compared to normal testicular tissue. We characterized novel clinically relevant model of chemoresistant TGCTs, for the first time identified the ALDH1A3 as a therapeutic target in TGCTs and more importantly, showed that disulfiram represents a viable treatment option for refractory TGCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schmidtova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Katarina Kalavska
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Gercakova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Cierna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Svetlana Miklikova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Verona Buocikova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viera Miskovska
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Kolarska 12, 812 50 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Erika Durinikova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Burikova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Chovanec
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Matuskova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Mego
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenova 1, 833 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kucerova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Disulfiram’s anti-cancer activity reflects targeting NPL4, not inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase. Oncogene 2019; 38:6711-6722. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Targeting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory pathways in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2019; 135:217-227. [PMID: 31446998 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The majority of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) present with advanced stage disease, at which time chemotherapy is usually the most common treatment option. While somewhat effective, patients treated with platinum-based regimens will eventually develop resistance, with others presenting with intrinsic resistance. Multiple pathways have been implicated in chemo-resistance, however the critical underlying mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. The aim of this project was to determine the role of inflammatory mediators in cisplatin-resistance in NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Inflammatory mediator, NF-κB, and its associated pathways were investigated in an isogenic model of cisplatin-resistant NSCLC using age-matched parental (PT) and corresponding cisplatin-resistant (CisR) sublines. Pathways were assessed using mass spectrometry, western blot analysis and qRT-PCR. The cisplatin sensitizing potential of an NF-κB small molecule inhibitor, DHMEQ, was also assessed by means of viability assays and western blot analysis. RESULTS Proteomic analysis identified dysregulated NF-κB responsive targets in CisR cells when compared to PT cells, with increased NF-κB expression identified in four out of the five NSCLC sub-types examined (CisR versus PT). DHMEQ treatment resulted in reduced NF-κB expression in the presence of cisplatin, and re-sensitized CisR cells to the cytotoxic effects of the drug. CONCLUSION This study identified NF-ĸB as a potential therapeutic target in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC. Furthermore, inhibition of NF-ĸB using DHMEQ re-sensitized chemo-resistant cells to cisplatin treatment.
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Böttger F, Semenova EA, Song JY, Ferone G, van der Vliet J, Cozijnsen M, Bhaskaran R, Bombardelli L, Piersma SR, Pham TV, Jimenez CR, Berns A. Tumor Heterogeneity Underlies Differential Cisplatin Sensitivity in Mouse Models of Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cell Rep 2019; 27:3345-3358.e4. [PMID: 31189116 PMCID: PMC6581744 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer is the most aggressive type of lung cancer, characterized by a remarkable response to chemotherapy followed by development of resistance. Here, we describe SCLC subtypes in Mycl- and Nfib-driven GEMM that include CDH1-high peripheral primary tumor lesions and CDH1-negative, aggressive intrapulmonary metastases. Cisplatin treatment preferentially eliminates the latter, thus revealing a striking differential response. Using a combined transcriptomic and proteomic approach, we find a marked reduction in proliferation and metabolic rewiring following cisplatin treatment and present evidence for a distinctive metabolic and structural profile defining intrinsically resistant populations. This offers perspectives for effective combination therapies that might also hold promise for treating human SCLC, given the very similar response of both mouse and human SCLC to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Böttger
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina A Semenova
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- Department of Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Giustina Ferone
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Vliet
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Cozijnsen
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rajith Bhaskaran
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Bombardelli
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sander R Piersma
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thang V Pham
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Connie R Jimenez
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Anton Berns
- Oncode Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Targeting Cancer Stem Cells: A Strategy for Effective Eradication of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050732. [PMID: 31137841 PMCID: PMC6562442 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulations of tumor cells with the ability to self-renew, differentiate, and initiate and maintain tumor growth, and they are considered to be the main drivers of intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity. While conventional chemotherapy can eradicate the majority of non-CSC tumor cells, CSCs are often drug-resistant, leading to tumor recurrence and metastasis. The heterogeneity of CSCs is the main challenge in developing CSC-targeting therapy; therefore, we and other investigators have focused on developing novel therapeutic strategies that combine conventional chemotherapy with inhibitors of CSC-regulating pathways. Encouraging preclinical findings have suggested that CSC pathway blockade can indeed enhance cellular sensitivity to non-targeted conventional therapy, and this work has led to several ongoing clinical trials of CSC pathway inhibitors. Our studies in bladder cancer and lung adenocarcinoma have demonstrated a crucial role of YAP1, a transcriptional regulator of genes that promote cell survival and proliferation, in regulating CSC phenotypes. Moreover, using cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models, we showed that inhibition of YAP1 enhances the efficacy of conventional therapies by attenuating CSC stemness features. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic strategies for targeting CSCs in several cancers and discuss the potential and challenges of the approach.
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ALDH1 expression correlates with an epithelial-like phenotype and favorable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma: a study based on immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression data. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1427-1436. [PMID: 30923946 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer stem cells (CSC) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways are crucial for cancer progression. However, synergistic interactions between CSC and EMT are not clear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of this study was to investigate CSC markers such as CD44, NANOG, and ALDH1 expression and its correlation with EMT markers in NSCLC patients. Its association with survival was also determined. METHODS CD44, NANOG, and ALDH1 protein expression was evaluated in 267 resected NSCLC and its correlation with e-cadherin, β-catenin, p120 catenin, vimentin, SNAIL, and TWIST expressions was determined based on immunohistochemical and mRNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Survival analyses also were performed based on immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. RESULTS ALDH1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma was positively correlated with the epithelial-like phenotype, low vimentin and low TWIST in immunohistochemical and mRNA expression data. NANOG and ALDH1 expressions measured by immunohistochemical and mRNA expression profiling data of adenocarcinomas were associated with a favorable prognosis. ALDH1 was an independent favorable prognostic marker for overall survival or recurrence-free survival in adenocarcinoma (P = 0.026 and P = 0.033, respectively). The epithelial-like phenotype expressing P120-catenin and beta-catenin was associated with a favorable prognosis; however, the TWIST-expressing mesenchymal-like phenotype was correlated with an unfavorable prognosis. CONCLUSIONS NANOG and ALDH1 protein or mRNA expression showed improved prognosis in adenocarcinoma alone. ALDH1 expression correlated with an epithelial-like phenotype.
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Desai A, Yan Y, Gerson SL. Concise Reviews: Cancer Stem Cell Targeted Therapies: Toward Clinical Success. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:75-81. [PMID: 30328686 PMCID: PMC6312440 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cells within tumors that possess the stem cell characteristics of self-renewal, quiescence, differentiation, and the ability to recapitulate the parental tumor when transplanted into a host. CSCs are correlated with poor clinical outcome due to their contribution to chemotherapy resistance and metastasis. Multiple cell surface and enzymatic markers have been characterized to identify CSCs within a heterogeneous tumor, and here we summarize ongoing preclinical and clinical efforts to therapeutically target these cells and improve patient outcomes. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:75-81.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Desai
- Department of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Stanton L. Gerson
- Department of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
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ALDH1A1 expression is associated with poor differentiation, 'right-sidedness' and poor survival in human colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205536. [PMID: 30308036 PMCID: PMC6181398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) encodes an enzyme that oxidizes aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. In colorectal cancer ALDH1A1 marks cancer stem cells and plays putative roles in tumor progression and drug resistance. However, the potential value of ALDH1A1 as a diagnostic marker or target for therapy remains unclear. Here, we have analyzed ALDH1A1 mRNA and protein levels in relation to clinical, histopathological and molecular tumor features in large series of human colorectal cancer. Methods ALDH1A1 protein levels were determined by immunohistochemistry in a series of primary colorectal tumors and their corresponding liver metastases (n = 158). ALDH1A1 mRNA levels were analyzed in several large patient cohorts of colorectal cancer. ALDH1A1 mRNA and protein levels were then related to overall survival and to clinical, histopathological and molecular tumor features. Results High levels of ALDH1A1 were associated with a poorly differentiated histology and a right-sided tumor location, but not to a mesenchymal-like molecular subtype. Liver metastases contained significantly higher levels of ALDH1A1 compared to the corresponding primary tumors. Radio- and/or chemotherapy prior to tumor resection was associated with increased ALDH1A1 levels regardless of the molecular subtype. Finally, ALDH1A1 protein expression in primary tumors and metastases correlated with shorter overall survival. Conclusions ALDH1A1 expression is associated with features of poor prognosis, including a poorly differentiated histology and ‘right-sidedness’ of the primary tumor, and with shorter overall survival. ALDH1A1 is also highly expressed in therapy-surviving tumors and in liver metastases. These results warrant further research into the potential value of targeting ALDH1A1 in order to improve the efficacy of standard treatment and thereby preventing tumor recurrence.
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Schmidtova S, Kalavska K, Kucerova L. Molecular Mechanisms of Cisplatin Chemoresistance and Its Circumventing in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Curr Oncol Rep 2018; 20:88. [PMID: 30259297 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-018-0730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) represent the most common solid tumors affecting young men. Majority of TGCTs respond well to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. However, patients with refractory disease have limited treatment modalities associated with poor prognosis. Here, we discuss the main molecular mechanisms associated with acquired cisplatin resistance in TGCTs and how their understanding might help in the development of new approaches to tackle this clinically relevant problem. We also discuss recent data on the strategies of circumventing the cisplatin resistance from different tumor types potentially efficient also in TGCTs. RECENT FINDINGS Recent data regarding deregulation of various signaling pathways as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in cisplatin-resistant TGCTs have contributed to understanding of the mechanisms related to the resistance to cisplatin-based chemotherapy in these tumors. Understanding of these mechanisms enabled explaining why majority but not all TGCTs patients are curable with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Moreover, it could lead to the development of more effective treatment of refractory TGCTs and potentially other solid tumors resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy. This review provides additional insights into mechanisms associated with cisplatin resistance in TGCTs, which is a complex phenomenon, and there is a need for novel modalities to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Schmidtova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kalavska
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
- 2nd Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Klenová 1, 833 10, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Klenová 1, Bratislava, 833 10, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kucerova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Anti-cancer effects of disulfiram in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via autophagic cell death. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203069. [PMID: 30212479 PMCID: PMC6136695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disulfiram (DSF), which is used to treat alcohol dependence, has been reported to have anti-cancer effects in various malignant tumors. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer effects and mechanism of DSF in HNSCC. METHODS Head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines (FaDu and Hep2) were used to analyze the anti-cancer effects of DSF. The anti-cancer effects of DSF were confirmed in vivo using a xenograft tumor model. RESULTS The anti-cancer effects of DSF in HNSCC were found to be copper (Cu) dependent. Specifically, DSF/Cu markedly inhibited HNSCC at a concentration of 1 μM. After DSF/Cu administration, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was remarkable starting at 0.5 μM, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of DSF/Cu on HNSCC are mediated through the formation of ROS. The levels of phospho-JNK, phospho-cJun and phospho-p38 were increased after DSF/Cu treatment while levels of phospho-Akt were decreased. These results suggested that the inhibitory effects of DSF/Cu on HNSCC cells involve ROS formation and down-regulation of Akt-signaling. Through these molecular mechanisms, DSF ultimately induce the inhibitory effects on HNSCC cell lines mainly through autophagic cell death, not apoptotic cell death. Lastly, we investigated the clinical relevance of DSF/Cu using a HNSCC xenograft animal model, which showed that tumor growth was remarkably decreased by DSF (50 mg/kg injection). CONCLUSION In treating patients with HNSCC, DSF may contribute to improved HNSCC patient's survival. The characteristic anti-cancer effects of DSF on HNSCC may suggest new therapeutic potential for this medication in HNSCC patients.
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