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Liu TT, Chen SP, Wang SJ, Yen JC. Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cortical spreading depression via glutamate-dependent TrkB activation mechanism in the nucleus tractus solitarius. Cephalalgia 2024; 44:3331024241230466. [PMID: 38329067 DOI: 10.1177/03331024241230466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was recently found to inhibit cortical spreading depression (CSD), the underlying mechanism of migraine aura, through activation of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of VNS on CSD in these nuclei remain to be explored. We hypothesized that VNS may activate glutamate receptor-mediated tropomyosin kinase B (TrkB) signaling in the NTS, thereby facilitating the noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission to inhibit CSD. METHODS To investigate the role of TrkB and glutamate receptors in non-invasive VNS efficacy on CSD, a validated KCl-evoked CSD rat model coupled with intra-NTS microinjection of selective antagonists, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry was employed. RESULTS VNS increased TrkB phosphorylation in the NTS. Inhibition of intra-NTS TrkB abrogated the suppressive effect of VNS on CSD and CSD-induced cortical neuroinflammation. TrkB was found colocalized with glutamate receptors in NTS neurons. Inhibition of glutamate receptors in the NTS abrogated VNS-induced TrkB activation. Moreover, the blockade of TrkB in the NTS attenuated VNS-induced activation of the LC and DRN. CONCLUSIONS VNS induces the activation of glutamate receptor-mediated TrkB signaling in the NTS, which might modulate serotonergic and norepinephrinergic innervation to the cerebral cortex to inhibit CSD and cortical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Cherng Yen
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ganchala D, Pinto-Benito D, Baides E, Ruiz-Palmero I, Grassi D, Arevalo MA. Kif21B mediates the effect of estradiol on the morphological plasticity of mouse hippocampal neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1143024. [PMID: 37078090 PMCID: PMC10106616 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1143024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionNeurons are polarized cells, and their ability to change their morphology has a functional implication in the development and plasticity of the nervous system in order to establish new connections. Extracellular factors strongly influence neuronal shape and connectivity. For instance, the developmental actions of estradiol on hippocampal neurons are well characterized, and we have demonstrated in previous studies that Ngn3 mediates these actions. On the other hand, Kif21B regulates microtubule dynamics and carries out retrograde transport of the TrkB/brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) complex, essential for neuronal development.MethodsIn the present study, we assessed the involvement of kinesin Kif21B in the estradiol-dependent signaling mechanisms to regulate neuritogenesis through cultured mouse hippocampal neurons.ResultsWe show that estradiol treatment increases BDNF expression, and estradiol and BDNF modify neuron morphology through TrkB signaling. Treatment with K252a, a TrkB inhibitor, decreases dendrite branching without affecting axonal length, whereas. Combined with estradiol or BDNF, it blocks their effects on axons but not dendrites. Notably, the downregulation of Kif21B abolishes the actions of estradiol and BDNF in both the axon and dendrites. In addition, Kif21B silencing also decreases Ngn3 expression, and downregulation of Ngn3 blocks the effect of BDNF on neuron morphology.DiscussionThese results suggest that Kif21B is required for the effects of estradiol and BDNF on neuronal morphology, but phosphorylation-mediated activation of TrkB is essential only for axonal growth. Our results show that the Estradiol/BDNF/TrkB/Kif21B/Ngn3 is a new and essential pathway mediating hippocampal neuron development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Pinto-Benito
- Instituto Cajal (IC), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Ruiz-Palmero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Proteómica, Instituto Biosanitario de Granada-IBS, Fundación Para la Investigación Biosanitaria de Andalucía Oriental—Alejandro Otero (FIBAO), Antiguo Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Unidad de Apoyo a la Investigación (UNAI), Granada, Spain
| | - Daniela Grassi
- Instituto Cajal (IC), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Arevalo
- Instituto Cajal (IC), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maria Angeles Arevalo,
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Holt MK. The ins and outs of the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract: An overview of cellular populations and anatomical connections. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13132. [PMID: 35509189 PMCID: PMC9286632 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The body and brain are in constant two-way communication. Driving this communication is a region in the lower brainstem: the dorsal vagal complex. Within the dorsal vagal complex, the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) is a major first stop for incoming information from the body to the brain carried by the vagus nerve. The anatomy of this region makes it ideally positioned to respond to signals of change in both emotional and bodily states. In turn, the cNTS controls the activity of regions throughout the brain that are involved in the control of both behaviour and physiology. This review is intended to help anyone with an interest in the cNTS. First, I provide an overview of the architecture of the cNTS and outline the wide range of neurotransmitters expressed in subsets of neurons in the cNTS. Next, in detail, I discuss the known inputs and outputs of the cNTS and briefly highlight what is known regarding the neurochemical makeup and function of those connections. Then, I discuss one group of cNTS neurons: glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-expressing neurons. GLP-1 neurons serve as a good example of a group of cNTS neurons, which receive input from varied sources and have the ability to modulate both behaviour and physiology. Finally, I consider what we might learn about other cNTS neurons from our study of GLP-1 neurons and why it is important to remember that the manipulation of molecularly defined subsets of cNTS neurons is likely to affect physiology and behaviours beyond those monitored in individual experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie K. Holt
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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4
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Bazaz A, Ghanbari A, Vafaei AA, Khaleghian A, Rashidy-Pour A. Oxytocin in dorsal hippocampus facilitates auditory fear memory extinction in rats. Neuropharmacology 2022; 202:108844. [PMID: 34687711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fear extinction is impaired in some psychiatric disorders. Any treatment that facilitates the extinction of fear is a way to advance the treatment of related psychiatric disorders. Recent studies have highlighted the role of oxytocin (OT) in fear extinction, but the endogenous release of OT during fear extinction in the dorsal hippocampal (dHPC) is not clear. We investigated the release of OT during fear extinction and the role of the HPC - medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuit and BDNF in the effects of exogenous OT on auditory fear conditioning in male rats. We found that the release of endogenous OT in the dHPC is significantly increased during the fear extinction process as measured by the microdialysis method. Increased freezing response in the OT-treated rats compared to saline-treated rats showed that exogenous OT in the dHPC enhanced the fear extinction. Injection of BDNF antagonist (ANA-12) into the infralimbic (IL) blocked the effect of exogenous OT on the dHPC. Following OT injection, BDNF levels increased in the dHPC, ventral HPC, and IL cortex; but decreased in the prelimbic cortex (PL). Finally, OT microinjected into the dHPC significantly increased neural activity of pyramidal neurons of the CA1-vHPC and IL but decreased the neural activity in the PL cortex. Our findings strongly support that the dHPC endogenous OT plays a crucial role in enhancing fear extinction. It seems that the activation of the HPC-mPFC pathway, and consequently, the release of BDNF in the IL cortex mediates the enhancing effects of OT on fear extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bazaz
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Department of physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghian
- Department of Biochemistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Liu M, Shen L, Yang Q, Nauli AM, Bingamon M, Wang DQH, Ulrich-Lai YM, Tso P. Sexual dimorphism in intestinal absorption and lymphatic transport of dietary lipids. J Physiol 2021; 599:5015-5030. [PMID: 34648185 PMCID: PMC8595769 DOI: 10.1113/jp281621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the basic process of intestinal lipid absorption and transport is understood, many critical aspects remain unclear. One question in particular is whether intestinal lipid absorption and transport differ between the sexes. Using a well-established lymph fistula model, we found that intact female mice exhibited lower lymphatic output of triacylglycerol (TAG) than male mice. Further analysis revealed that the female mice segregated into two groups: the high group having similar lymphatic TAG transport to the males, and the low group having significantly less lymphatic output, implying the impact of cyclical variation of ovarian hormonal levels. These led us to examine whether oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) affect intestinal absorption and lymphatic transport of dietary lipids. In ovariectomized (OVX) rats, E2 treatment significantly reduced [3 H]-TAG lymphatic output through reducing TAG transport; and P treatment decreased [14 C]cholesterol (Chol) lymphatic output by inhibiting Chol absorption, compared to vehicle treatment. Gene expression data suggested that E2 enhances vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) signalling to reduce the permeability of lacteals, leading to reduced CM transport through the lymphatic system. Interestingly, E2 treatment also increased lymphatic output of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), but not apoB-48 and apoA-IV, in the OVX rats. Collectively, these data suggested that ovarian hormone-induced reductions of intestinal lipid absorption and lymphatic transport, as well as increased lymphatic output of apoA-I, may contribute to a beneficial protection from atherosclerosis in females. KEY POINTS: Significant differences in intestinal lipid absorption and lymphatic transport were found between female and male animals. Oestrogen treatment significantly reduced [3 H]triacylglycerol (TAG) lymphatic output through suppressing TAG transport in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and this effect is associated with enhanced vegfa gene expression in the intestine. Progesterone treatment significantly decreased the output of [14 C]cholesterol in lymph by inhibiting cholesterol absorption in the OVX rats. Oestrogen treatment also increased lymphatic output of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in the OVX rats, which may contribute to the reduced risk of atherosclerosis in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Ling Shen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Andromeda M. Nauli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Madison Bingamon
- Northern Kentucky University, Louie B Nunn Dr, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yvonne M. Ulrich-Lai
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
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Alemany M. Estrogens and the regulation of glucose metabolism. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1622-1654. [PMID: 34754368 PMCID: PMC8554369 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i10.1622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The main estrogens: estradiol, estrone, and their acyl-esters have been studied essentially related to their classical estrogenic and pharmacologic functions. However, their main effect in the body is probably the sustained control of core energy metabolism. Estrogen nuclear and membrane receptors show an extraordinary flexibility in the modulation of metabolic responses, and largely explain gender and age differences in energy metabolism: part of these mechanisms is already sufficiently known to justify both. With regard to energy, the estrogen molecular species act essentially through four key functions: (1) Facilitation of insulin secretion and control of glucose availability; (2) Modulation of energy partition, favoring the use of lipid as the main energy substrate when more available than carbohydrates; (3) Functional protection through antioxidant mechanisms; and (4) Central effects (largely through neural modulation) on whole body energy management. Analyzing the different actions of estrone, estradiol and their acyl esters, a tentative classification based on structure/effects has been postulated. Either separately or as a group, estrogens provide a comprehensive explanation that not all their quite diverse actions are related solely to specific molecules. As a group, they constitute a powerful synergic action complex. In consequence, estrogens may be considered wardens of energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
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7
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Jin X, Kim WB, Kim MN, Jung WW, Kang HK, Hong EH, Kim YS, Shim WJ, Han HC, Colwell CS, Kim YB, Kim YI. Oestrogen inhibits salt-dependent hypertension by suppressing GABAergic excitation in magnocellular AVP neurons. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:2263-2274. [PMID: 32960965 PMCID: PMC10616626 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Abundant evidence indicates that oestrogen (E2) plays a protective role against hypertension. Yet, the mechanism underlying the antihypertensive effect of E2 is poorly understood. In this study, we sought to determine the mechanism through which E2 inhibits salt-dependent hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS To this end, we performed a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments employing a rat model of hypertension that is produced by deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treatment after uninephrectomy. We found that E2 prevented DOCA-salt treatment from inducing hypertension, raising plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP) level, enhancing the depressor effect of the V1a receptor antagonist (Phenylac1,D-Tyr(Et)2,Lys6,Arg8,des-Gly9)-vasopressin, and converting GABAergic inhibition to excitation in hypothalamic magnocellular AVP neurons. Moreover, we obtained results indicating that the E2 modulation of the activity and/or expression of NKCC1 (Cl- importer) and KCC2 (Cl- extruder) underpins the effect of E2 on the transition of GABAergic transmission in AVP neurons. Lastly, we discovered that, in DOCA-salt-treated hypertensive ovariectomized rats, CLP290 (prodrug of the KCC2 activator CLP257, intraperitoneal injections) lowered blood pressure, and plasma AVP level and hyperpolarized GABA equilibrium potential to prevent GABAergic excitation from emerging in the AVP neurons of these animals. CONCLUSION Based on these results, we conclude that E2 inhibits salt-dependent hypertension by suppressing GABAergic excitation to decrease the hormonal output of AVP neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Jin
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Bin Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Na Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Section, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Woo Jung
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kyung Kang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Hong
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sik Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Joo Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Section, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chul Han
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher S Colwell
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Young-Beom Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang In Kim
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
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8
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Littlejohn EL, Espinoza L, Lopez MM, Smith BN, Boychuk CR. GABA A receptor currents in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in females: influence of ovarian cycle and 5α-reductase inhibition. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:2130-2141. [PMID: 31596653 PMCID: PMC6879959 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00039.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) contains the preganglionic motor neurons important in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and gastrointestinal function. Despite the role of sex in the regulation of these processes, few studies examine the role of sex and/or ovarian cycle in the regulation of synaptic neurotransmission to the DMV. Since GABAergic neurotransmission is critical to normal DMV function, the present study used in vitro whole cell patch-clamping to investigate whether sex differences exist in GABAergic neurotransmission to DMV neurons. It additionally investigated whether the ovarian cycle plays a role in those sex differences. The frequency of phasic GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents in DMV neurons from females was lower compared with males, and this effect was TTX sensitive and abolished by ovariectomy (OVX). Amplitudes of GABAergic currents (both phasic and tonic) were not different. However, females demonstrated significantly more variability in the amplitude of both phasic and tonic GABAA receptor currents. This difference was eliminated by OVX in females, suggesting that these differences were related to reproductive hormone levels. This was confirmed for GABAergic tonic currents by comparing females in two ovarian stages, estrus versus diestrus. Female mice in diestrus had larger tonic current amplitudes compared with those in estrus, and this increase was abolished after administration of a 5α-reductase inhibitor but not modulation of estrogen. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that DMV neurons undergo GABAA receptor activity plasticity as a function of sex and/or sex steroids.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Results show that GABAergic signaling in dorsal vagal motor neurons (DMV) demonstrates sex differences and fluctuates across the ovarian cycle in females. These findings are the first to demonstrate that female GABAA receptor activity in this brain region is modulated by 5α-reductase-dependent hormones. Since DMV activity is critical to both glucose and gastrointestinal homeostasis, these results suggest that sex hormones, including those synthesized by 5α-reductase, contribute to visceral, autonomic function related to these physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L Littlejohn
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Liliana Espinoza
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Monica M Lopez
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Bret N Smith
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Carie R Boychuk
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Zhang L, Cao LL, Yang DD, Ding JH, Guo XD, Xue TF, Zhao XJ, Sun XL. Establishment and evaluation of a novel mouse model of peri/postmenopausal depression. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01195. [PMID: 30839939 PMCID: PMC6365542 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Women are believed to be more vulnerable to develop depressive symptoms during the perimenopause compared to postmenopause. The traditional bilateral ovariectomy and chronic mild stress (CMS) stimulation animal model produces a postmenopausal depressive-like state but the transition from perimenopausal period to postmenopausal period was ignored. Thus we establish a novel animal model in which the mice were stimulated by CMS for three months and removed the ovaries by two-step operation, and then evaluate whether this novel model could be much better for preclinical study used as a peri/postmenopause depressive model. The present study systemically evaluated the changes induced by two-step ovariectomy plus CMS in the mice. The depression-like behaviors, the levels of corticosterone, estrogen, pro-inflammatory factors, neurotransmitters, as well as brain-derived neurotrophic factor were determined; the changes of estrogen receptors, serotonin receptors, uterine weight and bone microarchitecture were also observed. The results show that the behaviors and biochemical indexes of mice changed gradually over time. Our study suggests that this two-step ovariectomy operation plus CMS successfully establishes a more reasonable peri/postmenopausal depression animal model which effectively simulates the clinical symptoms of peri/postmenopausal depressive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Lu-Lu Cao
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Dan-Dan Yang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jian-Hua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xu-Dong Guo
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Teng-Fei Xue
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhao
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
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10
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Le Moëne O, Ågmo A. Behavioral responses to emotional challenges in female rats living in a seminatural environment: The role of estrogen receptors. Horm Behav 2018; 106:162-177. [PMID: 30391223 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are involved in sexual as well as non-sexual behaviors. In the present study we assessed the effects of stimuli inducing positive or negative affect on sociosexual, exploratory and fear-related behaviors of female rats housed in groups (4 females, 3 males) in a seminatural environment. Ovariectomized females were treated with oil, 17β‑estradiol benzoate (EB, 18 μg/kg), the ERα agonist propylpyrazoletriol (PPT), or the ERβ agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) (both 2 × 10 mg/rat). On the test day, the females were exposed to a sequence of events consisting of lavender odor, Mozart's Sonata for Two Pianos K448, chocolate pellets, white noise and fox odor (2,3,5‑Trimethyl‑3‑thiazoline, TMT). All these events are known to induce positive or negative affect. Behavior was carefully observed from the video record. White noise suppressed sexual behaviors and reduced the time spent in the open area of the environment. TMT had no consistent effect whereas exposure to music caused avoidance of the open area. Exposure to chocolate increased exploratory and social behavior. Lavender odor enhanced exploratory behavior. PPT and EB stimulated sexual behaviors, whereas DPN was ineffective. Co-occurrence analyses of the sequence of behavioral patterns revealed that PPT and EB consistently belonged to clusters different from oil and DPN, whereas DPN was separate from oil only under fear-inducing experimental conditions. These data, from a procedure with external validity, confirm that the ERα is crucial for sexual behaviors, that these behaviors are reduced under stressful conditions, and that the ERβ may have some role in fear-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Ågmo
- Department of Psychology, University of Tromsø, Norway
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Shen L, Liu Y, Tso P, Wang DQH, Davidson WS, Woods SC, Liu M. Silencing steroid receptor coactivator-1 in the nucleus of the solitary tract reduces estrogenic effects on feeding and apolipoprotein A-IV expression. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:2091-2101. [PMID: 29263093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously found that 17β-estradiol (E2) stimulates apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) gene expression in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) of lean ovariectomized (OVX) rodents. Here we report that in the NTS of high-fat diet-induced obese (DIO) rats, the apoA-IV mRNA level is significantly reduced and that the estrogenic effects on apoA-IV gene expression and food intake are impaired. E2 regulates apoA-IV gene expression through its nuclear receptor α (ERα), which requires co-activators, such as steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), to facilitate the transcription of targeted genes. Interestingly, SRC-1 gene expression is significantly reduced in DIO OVX rats. SRC-1 is colocalized with apoA-IV in the cells of the NTS and E2 treatment enhances the recruitment of ERα and SRC-1 to the estrogen response element at the apoA-V promoter, implying the participation of SRC-1 in E2's stimulatory effect on apoA-IV gene expression. Using small hairpin RNA (shRNA), which was validated in cultured neuronal cells, we found that SRC-1 gene knockdown specifically in the NTS significantly diminished E2's anorectic action, leading to increased food intake and body weight. More importantly, the stimulatory effect of E2 on apoA-IV gene expression in the NTS was significantly attenuated in SRC-1 knockdown rats. These results collectively demonstrate the critical roles of NTS SRC-1 in mediating E2's actions on food intake and apoA-IV gene expression and suggest that reduced levels of endogenous SRC-1 and apoA-IV expression are responsible for the impaired E2's anorectic action in obese females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Shen
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Yin Liu
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Patrick Tso
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - David Q-H Wang
- the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461
| | - W Sean Davidson
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
| | - Stephen C Woods
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237 and
| | - Min Liu
- From the Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and
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