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Lee KZ, Liu TT, Chen RY. Therapeutic efficacy of adrenergic agents on systemic and spinal hemodynamics in an acute cervical spinal cord injury rodent model. Spine J 2024:S1529-9430(24)00191-8. [PMID: 38679076 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical spinal cord injury usually results in cardiorespiratory dysfunctions due to interruptions of the bulbospinal pathways innervating the cervical phrenic motoneurons and thoracic sympathetic preganglionic neurons. PURPOSE The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of adrenergic agents on systemic and spinal hemodynamics during acute cervical spinal cord injury. STUDY DESIGN In vivo animal study. METHODS The cardiorespiratory function and spinal cord blood flow and oxygenation level were monitored in response to cervical spinal cord contusion and intravenous infusion of three types of adrenergic agents (phenylephrine, dobutamine, and norepinephrine). RESULTS Cervical spinal cord contusion resulted in immediate reduction of respiratory airflow, arterial blood pressure, and spinal cord blood flow. The arterial blood pressure and spinal cord blood flow remained lower than the pre-injury value in contused animals infused with saline at 60 min post-injury. Infusion of phenylephrine (500, 1000, and 2000 μg/kg) and norepinephrine (125, 250, and 500 μg/kg) significantly increased the arterial blood pressure, while only norepinephrine augmented the spinal cord blood flow. Conversely, dobutamine (1000 and 2000 μg/kg) reduced both arterial blood pressure and spinal cord blood flow. Notably, administration of adrenergic agents tended to increase spinal cord hemorrhage in contused animals. CONCLUSIONS Infusion of norepinephrine can effectively maintain the blood pressure and improve spinal cord blood flow during acute spinal cord injury. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Norepinephrine may be a superior medicine for hemodynamic management; however, the potential hemorrhage should be considered when utilizing the vasopressor to regulate systemic and spinal hemodynamics at the acute injured stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ze Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Ting Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rui-Yi Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Liu TT, Chen SP, Wang SJ, Yen JC. Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cortical spreading depression via glutamate-dependent TrkB activation mechanism in the nucleus tractus solitarius. Cephalalgia 2024; 44:3331024241230466. [PMID: 38329067 DOI: 10.1177/03331024241230466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was recently found to inhibit cortical spreading depression (CSD), the underlying mechanism of migraine aura, through activation of the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), locus coeruleus (LC) and dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). The molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of VNS on CSD in these nuclei remain to be explored. We hypothesized that VNS may activate glutamate receptor-mediated tropomyosin kinase B (TrkB) signaling in the NTS, thereby facilitating the noradrenergic and serotonergic neurotransmission to inhibit CSD. METHODS To investigate the role of TrkB and glutamate receptors in non-invasive VNS efficacy on CSD, a validated KCl-evoked CSD rat model coupled with intra-NTS microinjection of selective antagonists, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry was employed. RESULTS VNS increased TrkB phosphorylation in the NTS. Inhibition of intra-NTS TrkB abrogated the suppressive effect of VNS on CSD and CSD-induced cortical neuroinflammation. TrkB was found colocalized with glutamate receptors in NTS neurons. Inhibition of glutamate receptors in the NTS abrogated VNS-induced TrkB activation. Moreover, the blockade of TrkB in the NTS attenuated VNS-induced activation of the LC and DRN. CONCLUSIONS VNS induces the activation of glutamate receptor-mediated TrkB signaling in the NTS, which might modulate serotonergic and norepinephrinergic innervation to the cerebral cortex to inhibit CSD and cortical inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Ting Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Cherng Yen
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chen PY, Yen JC, Liu TT, Chen ST, Wang SJ, Chen SP. Neuronal NLRP3 inflammasome mediates spreading depolarization-evoked trigeminovascular activation. Brain 2023:7043269. [PMID: 36795624 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Spreading depolarization (SD), the underlying mechanism of migraine aura, may trigger the opening of the Pannexin-1 (Panx1) pore to sustain the cortical neuroinflammatory cascades involved in the genesis of headache. Yet, the mechanism underlying SD-evoked neuroinflammation and trigeminovascular activation remains incompletely understood. We characterized the identity of inflammasome activated following SD-evoked Panx1 opening. Pharmacological inhibitors targeting Panx1 or NLRP3 as well as genetic ablation of Nlrp3 and Il1b were applied to investigate the molecular mechanism of the downstream neuroinflammatory cascades. In addition, we examined whether SDs-triggered microglial activation facilitates neuronal NLRP3-mediated inflammatory cascades. Pharmacological inhibition of toll-like receptors TLR2/4, the potential receptors of the damage-associated molecular pattern HMGB1, was further employed to interrogate the neuron-microglia interplay in SD-induced neuroinflammation. We found that NLRP3 but not NLRP1 or NLRP2 inflammasome was activated following Panx1 opening after single or multiple SDs evoked by either KCl topical application or noninvasively with optogenetics. The SD-evoked NLRP3 inflammasome activation was observed exclusively in neurons but not microglia or astrocytes. Proximity ligation assay demonstrated that the assembly of NLRP3 inflammasome was as early as 15 mins after SD. Genetic ablation of Nlrp3 or Il1b or pharmacological inhibition of Panx1 or NLRP3 ameliorated SD-induced neuronal inflammation, middle meningeal artery dilatation, calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in trigeminal ganglion, and c-Fos expression in trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Moreover, multiple SDs induced microglial activation subsequent to neuronal NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which in turn orchestrated with neurons to mediate cortical neuroinflammation, as demonstrated by decreased neuronal inflammation after pharmacological inhibition of microglia activation or blockade of the TLR2/4 receptors. To conclude, single or multiple SDs evoked activation of neuronal NLRP3 inflammasomes and its downstream inflammatory cascades to mediate cortical neuroinflammation and trigeminovascular activation. In the context of multiple SDs, the cortical inflammatory processes could be facilitated by SDs-evoked microglia activation. These findings may implicate the potential role of innate immunity in migraine pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yu Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Cherng Yen
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ting Liu
- Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Ting Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shuu-Jiun Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Division of Translational Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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Wang YL, Han J, Ma XM, Liu TT, Qi XB, Han B, Zhang HJ, Zhang WH. [Effects of primary preventive treatment under endoscope for esophageal and gastric varices on bleeding rate and its relevant factors]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2022; 30:407-412. [PMID: 35545566 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20200529-00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of primary preventive treatment under endoscope for esophageal and gastric varices on bleeding rate and its relevant factors. Methods: 127 cases with liver cirrhosis accompanied with esophageal and gastric varices without bleeding history were included in the endoscopic and non-endoscopic treatment group, respectively. Informed consent was obtained from both groups. Gastric varices (Lgf) and esophageal varices (Leg) were diagnosed according to LDRf classification criteria, and the corresponding treatment scheme was selected according to the recommended principle of this method.The incidence rate of bleeding from ruptured esophageal varices were observed at 3, 6 months, and 1, and 2 years in the treated and the untreated group, and the patients with different Child-Pugh scores were followed-up for 2 years. Gender, age, etiology, varicose degree, Child-Pugh grade, platelet count, prothrombin activity, portal vein thrombosis, collateral circulation, portal vein width and other factors affecting the bleeding rate were assessed. Measurement data were described as mean ± standard deviation (x¯±s), and qualitative data of categorical variables were expressed as percentage (%), and χ2 test was used. Results: 127 cases were followed up for 2 years. There were 55 cases in the endoscopic treatment group (18 cases underwent band ligation, 2 cases underwent band ligation combined with tissue adhesive embolization, 28 cases underwent sclerotherapy, and 7 cases underwent sclerotherapy combined with tissue adhesive embolization). Recurrent bleeding and hemorrhage was occurred in 5 (9.1%) and 28 cases (38.9%), respectively (P<0.05). In addition, there were 72 cases in the untreated group (P<0.05). Severe varicose veins proportions in treated and untreated group were 91.1% and 85.1%, respectively (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in liver cirrhosis-related medication and β-blocker therapy between the treated and untreated group (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the bleeding rate between the different treated groups (P>0.05). The bleeding rates at 3, 6 months, 1, and 2 years in endoscopic treated and untreated group were 2.00% vs. 2.59% (P>0.05), 2.30% vs. 5.88% (P>0.05), 3.10% vs. 7.55% (P>0.05) and 4.00% vs. 21.62% (P<0.05), respectively. All patients with Child-Pugh grade A, B and C in the treated and the untreated group were followed-up for 2 years, and the bleeding rates were 1.8% vs. 8.1% (P<0.05), 1.1% vs. 9.4% (P<0.05) and 9.1% vs. 10.1% (P>0.05), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the rupture and bleeding of esophageal and gastric varices, varices degree, Child-Pugh grade and presence or absence of thrombosis formation in portal vein (P<0.05); however, no statistically significant differences in gender, age, etiology, platelet count, prothrombin activity, collateral circulation and portal vein width (P>0.05). There was no intraoperative bleeding and postoperative related serious complications in the treated group. Conclusion: The risk of initial episodes of bleeding from esophageal and gastric varices is significantly correlated with the varices degree, Child-Pugh grade, and portal vein thrombosis. Primary preventive treatment under endoscope is safe and effective for reducing the long-term variceal bleeding risk from esophageal and gastric varices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Wang
- Liver Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - J Han
- Liver Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - X M Ma
- Liver Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - T T Liu
- Liver Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - X B Qi
- Liver Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - B Han
- Liver Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - H J Zhang
- Liver Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
| | - W H Zhang
- Liver Cirrhosis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital of China, Beijing 100039, China
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Nguyen JL, Ricke EA, Liu TT, Gerona R, MacGillivray L, Wang Z, Timms BG, Bjorling DE, Vom Saal FS, Ricke WA. Bisphenol-A analogs induce lower urinary tract dysfunction in male mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 197:114889. [PMID: 34979091 PMCID: PMC9436030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol-A (BPA), an estrogenic endocrine disrupting chemical, significantly impacts numerous diseases and abnormalities in mammals. Estrogens are known to play an important role in the biology of the prostate; however, little is known about the role of bisphenols in the etiology of prostate pathologies, including benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and associated lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD). Bisphenol-F (BPF) and bisphenol-S (BPS) are analogs often used as substitutes for BPA; they are both reported to have in vitro and in vivo estrogenic effects similar to or more potent than BPA. The objective of this study was to assess the role of these bisphenols in the development of LUTD in adult male mice. In adult mice exposed to BPA, BPS or BPF, we examined urinary tract histopathology and physiological events associated with urinary dysfunction. Mice treated with bisphenols displayed increased bladder (p < 0.005) and prostate (p < 0.0001) mass, and there was an increased number of prostatic ducts in the prostatic urethra (p < 0.05) and decreased size of the urethra lumen (p < 0.05) compared to negative controls. After two months of bisphenol exposure, mice displayed notable differences in cystometric tracings compared to controls, consistent with LUTD. Treatment of male mice with all bisphenols also induced voiding dysfunction manifested by detrusor instability and histologic changes in the prostatic urethra of male rodents, consistent with LUTD. Our results implicate BPA and its replacements in the development and progression LUTD in mice and provide insights into the development and progression of BPH/LUTS in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Nguyen
- Dept of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - E A Ricke
- Dept of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - T T Liu
- Dept of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, United States
| | - R Gerona
- Dept of ObGyn, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - L MacGillivray
- Dept of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240, United States
| | - Z Wang
- Dept of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - B G Timms
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, United States
| | - D E Bjorling
- Dept of Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - F S Vom Saal
- Dept of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - W A Ricke
- Dept of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719, United States.
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Liu TT, Morais A, Takizawa T, Mulder I, Simon BJ, Chen SP, Wang SJ, Ayata C, Yen JC. Efficacy profile of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation on cortical spreading depression susceptibility and the tissue response in a rat model. J Headache Pain 2022; 23:12. [PMID: 35062860 PMCID: PMC8903561 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) has recently emerged as a promising therapy for migraine. We previously demonstrated that vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cortical spreading depression (CSD), the electrophysiological event underlying migraine aura and triggering headache; however, the optimal nVNS paradigm has not been defined. Methods Various intensities and doses of nVNS were tested to improve efficacy on KCl-evoked CSD frequency and electrical threshold of CSD in a validated rat model. Chronic efficacy was evaluated by daily nVNS delivery for four weeks. We also examined the effects of nVNS on neuroinflammation and trigeminovascular activation by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results nVNS suppressed susceptibility to CSD in an intensity-dependent manner. Two 2-minute nVNS 5 min apart afforded the highest efficacy on electrical CSD threshold and frequency of KCl-evoked CSD. Daily nVNS for four weeks did not further enhance efficacy over a single nVNS 20 min prior to CSD. The optimal nVNS also attenuated CSD-induced upregulation of cortical cyclooxygenase-2, calcitonin gene-related peptide in trigeminal ganglia, and c-Fos expression in trigeminal nucleus caudalis. Conclusions Our study provides insight on optimal nVNS parameters to suppress CSD and suggests its benefit on CSD-induced neuroinflammation and trigeminovascular activation in migraine treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-022-01384-1.
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Liu TT, Ding MY, Sun DD, Ji W, Zhang HH, Li Y, Guo LJ, Zhu F. [Clinical value of TDI combined with 2D-STI on evaluating the microcirculation dysfunction and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with non-obstructive coronary angina]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2021; 49:1191-1197. [PMID: 34905896 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20210802-00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the value of tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) combined with two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (2D-STI) at rest on evaluating microcirculation dysfunction and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with angina and no obstructive coronary artery disease(ANOCA). Methods: This retrospective study recruited 78 ANOCA patients, who hospitalized in the People's Hospital of Liaoning Province from August 2019 to July 2021. These patients underwent conventional echocardiography examination, including TDI and 2D-STI, to evaluate the left ventricular dysfunction, and adenosine stress echocardiography (SE) to evaluate the coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR). ANOCA patients were divided into coronary microcirculation dysfunction CMD group (CFVR<2) and control group (CFVR≥2) according to CFVR. Clinical data, routine echocardiographic parameters, TDI parameters including isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), ejection time (ET), and STI parameters including global longitudinal peak strain (GLS), time to peak (TTP); peak strain dispersion (PSD) were compared between the two groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of CMD and the predictive value of each parameter to construct a joint prediction model for the diagnosis of CMD in this patient cohort. Results: The mean age was (55.5±11.2) years, 43 (55%) patients were females in this patient cohort, 38 (49%) patienst were didvided into the CMD group and 40 (51%) into the control group. Age, prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smokers were significantly higher in the CMD group than in the control group (all P<0.05). Tei index was higher, IVCT and TTP were longer, PSD was higher, ET was shorter, and absolute GLS was lower in the CMD group than in the control group (all P<0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that longer IVCT, higher Tei index, higher time to PSD and lower absolute GLS were the independent risk factors of CMD. The ROC curve revealed that the predicting efficacy on CMD was satisfactiory with the combined predictors: AUC=0.884, sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 80%. Conclusions: TDI combined with 2D-STI is associated with a good diagnostic value on the diagnosis of CMD and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with ANOCA, which provides a feasible non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of CMD and risk stratification of patients with ANOCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- Faculty of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Gradute School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - M Y Ding
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - D D Sun
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - W Ji
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - H H Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - L J Guo
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - F Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Function, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110000, China
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Yang X, Li J, Wang B, Han J, Wang H, Song B, Liu J, Wang LY, Pang L, Zhang G, Tang HL, Liu TT. [Cognition and related factors on the use of HIV non-occupational post-exposure prevention among men who have sex with men]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2021; 42:1840-1845. [PMID: 34814621 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20210420-00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To understand the cognition and related factors on the use of HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: The snowballing method was applied to recruit research subjects who were ≥18 years old, had sex with men in the past three months, and were aware of nPEP in MSM groups in Beijing, Shenzhen, and Kunming from March 15 to April 14, 2019. Data on social demographics, behavioral characteristics, basic knowledge of nPEP, consultation, and using nPEP were collected through "i guardian Platform". The logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the use of nPEP. Results: Among 1 809 investigated, 39.8% (720 persons) were aware of the basic knowledge of nPEP, 33.4% (605 persons) had consulted nPEP, and 15.0% (271 persons) had used nPEP. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that factors as whether to have sex with men infected with HIV in the last three months (OR=2.58, 95%CI: 1.64-4.07), the frequency of HIV testing in the past year (OR=2.47, 95%CI: 1.28-5.11), nPEP knowledge awareness (OR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.49-0.99), whether to consult nPEP (OR=70.98, 95%CI: 40.51-136.83) were related to the use of nPEP. Conclusions: MSM still have poor cognition of nPEP. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity and education of nPEP in MSM and promote the use of nPEP after HIV exposure as soon as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Yang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - J Li
- Chinese Association of STD and AIDS Prevention and Control,Beijing 100050, China
| | - B Wang
- Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - J Han
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100015, China
| | - H Wang
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518112, China
| | - B Song
- The Fifth Medical Center of General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100039, China
| | - J Liu
- The Third People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming 650041,China
| | - L Y Wang
- People's Medical Investment Management Limited Company, People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing 100021, China
| | - L Pang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - G Zhang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - H L Tang
- National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - T T Liu
- Chinese Health Education Center, Beijing 100011, China
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Tan J, Zhou GJ, Wang QY, Liu TT, Cao Q, Huang W. [Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone in non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome women with insulin resistance]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2021; 56:467-473. [PMID: 34304438 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20210424-00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate effects of metformin and rosiglitazone in non-obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women with insulin resistance. Methods: Totally 200 non-obese PCOS women with insulin resistance in West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University were enrolled into this study from Sep. 2013 to Jun. 2016, and were randomly divided into two treatment groups: metformin group (1 500 mg/d) and rosiglitazone group (4 mg/d). The treatment lasted for 6 months. Their clinical and biochemical parameters were collected and compared. Results: In both groups, menstrual cycles [metformin group (37±4) days, rosiglitazone group (35±4) days] were shorter after treatment for 6 months (both P<0.01). After treatment for 6 months, body mass index [metformin group (21.6±1.6) kg/m2, rosiglitazone group (21.7±1.7) kg/m2] decreased in both groups (both P<0.01); decreased LH/FSH ratio (metformin group 1.67±0.80, rosiglitazone group 1.70±0.83) was also observed (both P<0.05). After treatment for 6 months, fasting insulin level [metformin group (13.5±5.1) mU/L, rosiglitazone group (12.7±5.6) mU/L] and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (metformin group 3.0±1.2, rosiglitazone group 2.8±1.2) were decreased in both groups (all P<0.01). Conclusions: For non-obese PCOS insulin resistance patients, screening of anthropometric and metabolic parameters is necessary. For PCOS with insulin resistance, lifestyle plus insulin sensitizers such as metformin could improve their clinical symptoms, correct the biochemical and metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Women Children's Diseases, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - G J Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Women Children's Diseases, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q Y Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Women Children's Diseases, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - T T Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Women Children's Diseases, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Q Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Women Children's Diseases, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Women Children's Diseases, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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10
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Zhang XM, Liu RM, Jin Z, Liu TT, Chen DY, Fan Z, Zeng M, Lu XB, Gao XS, Qin MH, Liu JM. Phase transitions in the classical exchange-anisotropic Kitaev-Heisenberg model. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:042132. [PMID: 33212739 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.042132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice has been receiving substantial attention due to the discovery of quantum spin liquid state associated with this model. Consequently, its classical partners such as the Kitaev-Heisenberg (KH) model and associated phase transitions become concerned. Specifically, an intermediate Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) phase engaged in the transition from the high-temperature (T) disordered state to the low-T sixfold degenerate state is predicted in the isotropic KH model [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 187201 (2012)10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.187201], but so far no sufficient experimental proof has been reported. In this work, we consider an essential extension of this KH model on the honeycomb lattice by including the Kitaev exchange anisotropy that is non-negligible in realistic materials. The associated phase transitions are thus investigated using the Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that such an anisotropy will result in a degradation of the sixfold degeneracy of the ground state in the isotropic KH model down to the fourfold or twofold degenerate ground state, and the finite-T phase transitions will also be modified remarkably. Interestingly, the intermediate KT phase can be suppressed by this Kitaev exchange anisotropy. This work thus provides a more realistic description of the physics ingredient with the KH model and presents a possible explanation on absence of the intermediate phase in real materials where the Kitaev exchange anisotropy can be more or less available.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - R M Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Z Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - T T Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - D Y Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Z Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - M Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - X B Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - X S Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - M H Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - J-M Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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11
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Liu TT, Wang J, Cui PF, Li T, Hou BC, Zhang SJ, Hu Y. [Circulating endothelial microparticles for prediction of therapeutic effect in advanced lung cancer]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2020; 42:723-728. [PMID: 32988153 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200317-00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the correlation of endothelial microparticles and progression of advanced lung cancer, and its predictive value in therapeutic effect. Methods: The data of patients with advanced lung cancer in the Oncology Department of Frist Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from October 2018 to May 2019 were collected. Blood routine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), tumor markers, and circulating endothelial microparticles (CD105+ EMPs) were measured before treatment. Flow cytometry was used to detect the number of CD105+ EMPs, and multivariate regression analysis was used to study the predict factors of advanced lung cancer progression. Results: A total of 88 patients were recruited in the study, including 60 in the objective response (OR) group and 28 in the disease progression (PD) group. There were no significant differences in gender, age, basic diseases, tumor stage, cancer type and therapeutic intervention between two groups, while there were significant differences in tumor marker, LDH, total microparticles (MPs), and endothelial microparticles (CD105+ EMPs) between two groups (P<0.05). In the multivariate regression analysis, CD105+ EMPs ≥70 events/μl (OR=3.623, 95%CI=1.345~9.761, P=0.011) and LDH (OR=1.008, 95%CI=1.001~1.015, P=0.032) were able to predict the progression of advanced lung cancer. A predictive model of advanced lung cancer progression was established based on the multivariate regression results. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.729 (95%CI=0.620~0.837, P=0.001), the sensitivity was 32.1%, the specificity was 91.6%, the positive predictive value was 64.2%, and the negative predictive value was 74.3%. Conclusion: Circulating endothelial microparticles are associated with the progression of advanced lung cancer, it combined with LDH can predict the therapeutic effect of advanced lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - P F Cui
- Department of Oncology, Frist Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - T Li
- Department of Oncology, Frist Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - B C Hou
- Department of Oncology, Frist Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - S J Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Frist Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Y Hu
- Department of Oncology, Frist Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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12
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Liu TT, Ye FC, Pang CP, Yong TQ, Tang WD, Xiao J, Shang CH, Lu ZJ. Isolation and identification of bioactive substance 1-hydroxyphenazine from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antimicrobial activity. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:303-310. [PMID: 32449160 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A strain named as Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2016NX1, which could produce phenazine and cereusitin, was isolated from the root of Millettia specisoa. Phenazines were extracted, isolated and purified by chloroform, thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Then the purified materials were identified by analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance. The major yellow component is 1-hydroxyphenazine and the minor blue component is cereusitin A. The tests of antimicrobial activity of yellow component showed that the growth of several common plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria (such as Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Diaporthe citri, Salmonella sp., Klebsiella oxytoca) could be strongly inhibited. This study suggested that Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain 2016NX1 had a significant potential for biological control of phytopathogenic fungi. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In this study, one bioactive substance from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2016NX1 was identified and its antimicrobial activity was verified. This study demonstrated that one bioactive substance from P. aeruginosa can strongly inhibit the growth of plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. This study suggested that P. aeruginosa strain 2016NX1 has a significant potential for biological control of phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - F C Ye
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - C P Pang
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - T Q Yong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application and Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W D Tang
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - J Xiao
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - C H Shang
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
| | - Z J Lu
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guilin, Guangxi, China
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13
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He YX, Yin J, Liu TT, Gao HM, Zhang R, Yao JF, Liu XY, Jia XL, Li XL, Li SL, Wu RH. [FGA gene variation causing congenital dysfibrinogenemia with recurrent arteriovenous thrombosis]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2020; 58:236-238. [PMID: 32135598 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1310.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y X He
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - J Yin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100045, China
| | - T T Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, CapitalmedicalUniversity, Beijing 100045, China
| | - H M Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 100045, China
| | - R Zhang
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - J F Yao
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - X Y Liu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University,Beijing 100045, China
| | - X L Jia
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing 100045, China
| | - X L Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, CapitalmedicalUniversity, Beijing 100045, China
| | - S L Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, CapitalmedicalUniversity, Beijing 100045, China
| | - R H Wu
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
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14
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Liu TT, Li Y, Yao SY, Wang C, Wang M, Liu J, Shi YJ, Xue H. [Effect of individualized antihypertensive therapy on the blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy of hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 99:977-982. [PMID: 30955308 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2019.13.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of individualized antihypertensive therapy on the blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) of hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: We conducted a prospective study from Sep. 2014 to Dec. 2015 in Chinese PLA General Hospital. A total of 650 patients complicated with non-dipper or reverse-dipper hypertension and CHD were enrolled. All the participants were divided into non-dipper (n=259) and reverse-dipper (n=391) group according to their 24h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) reports. Patients who took short-acting antihypertensives changed their medicine to long-acting ones. Patients who had already taken long-acting antihypertensives switched to nighttime or added antihypertensives at night. Self-measured home blood pressure was recorded before going to bed and in the morning. All patients were regularly followed up by face-to-face surveys and clinic BP was recorded every 3 months. After 1 year's follow-up, the effect of individualized antihypertensive treatment on circadian rhythm of blood pressure was evaluated by 24h ABPM. The effect of individualized antihypertensive treatment on LVH was evaluated by echocardiography. Results: After 1 year's individualized antihypertensive therapy, the clinic BP and 24h ABPM of the patients were decreased. BP rhythm in 44% of the non-dipper and 57% of the reverse-dipper patients restored to normal. LVH were returned to normal in 44% of the non-dipper patients and and 48% of the reverse dipper patients, respectively. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were (59±12) kg/m(2.7) vs (48±10) kg/m(2.7) (P<0.01), and (63±13) kg/m(2.7) vs (48±11) kg/m(2.7) (P<0.01) respectively in non-dipper and reverse-dipper group before and after individualized antihypertensive treatment. Conclusion: Individualized antihypertensive intervention of abnormal blood pressure circadian rhythm can effectively restore the circadian rhythm of blood pressure and reverse LVH in hypertensive patients with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- Medical Big Data Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - S Y Yao
- Department of Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - M Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Y J Shi
- Department of Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - H Xue
- Department of Cardiology of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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15
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Yalcin N, Chen SP, Yu ES, Liu TT, Yen JC, Atalay YB, Qin T, Celik F, van den Maagdenberg AM, Moskowitz MA, Ayata C, Eikermann-Haerter K. Caffeine does not affect susceptibility to cortical spreading depolarization in mice. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2019; 39:740-750. [PMID: 29651899 PMCID: PMC6446422 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18768955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several factors that modulate migraine, a common primary headache disorder, also affect susceptibility to cortical spreading depolarization (CSD). CSD is a wave of neuronal and glial depolarization and thought to underlie the migraine aura and possibly headache. Here, we tested whether caffeine, known to alleviate or trigger headache after acute exposure or chronic use/withdrawal, respectively, modulates CSD. We injected C57BL/6J mice with caffeine (30, 60, or 120 mg/kg; i.p.) once ( acute) or twice per day for one or two weeks ( chronic). Susceptibility to CSD was evaluated by measuring the electrical CSD threshold and by assessing KCl-induced CSD. Simultaneous laser Doppler flowmetry was used to assess CSD-induced cortical blood flow changes. Recordings were performed 15 min after caffeine/vehicle administration, or 24 h after the last dose of chronic caffeine in the withdrawal group. The latter paradigm was also tested in mice carrying the familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 R192Q missense mutation, considered a valid migraine model. Neither acute/chronic administration nor withdrawal of caffeine affected CSD susceptibility or related cortical blood flow changes, either in WT or R192Q mice. Hence, adverse or beneficial effects of caffeine on headache seem unrelated to CSD pathophysiology, consistent with the non-migrainous clinical presentation of caffeine-related headache.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Yalcin
- 1 Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shih-Pin Chen
- 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,3 Department of Medical Research, Division of Translational Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,4 Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Esther S Yu
- 1 Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tzu-Ting Liu
- 5 Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Cherng Yen
- 5 Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yahya B Atalay
- 1 Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Tao Qin
- 1 Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Furkan Celik
- 1 Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Arn Mjm van den Maagdenberg
- 6 Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,7 Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michael A Moskowitz
- 1 Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Cenk Ayata
- 1 Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.,8 Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Stroke Service and Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Eikermann-Haerter
- 1 Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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16
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Liu TT, Zhou XT, Li WL, Peng YY, Liu XJ, Wang J, Ren T, Wang LP, Yuan P. [The prevalence and related factors of HBV infection among adults in Mianyang]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 51:837-842. [PMID: 28881551 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the prevalence and related factors of HBV infection among people aged 18 years old and above in Mianyang city. Methods: A total of 260 950 residents, living in Mianyang city more than 6 months, aging 18 years old and above were employed by multi-stage random sampling method from November 2014 to September 2015. Questionnaire survey was conducted on participants using a self-designed questionnaire, including general demographic characteristics, family history of Hepatitis B, history of Hepatitis B vaccination and history of present illness, etc. 5ml blood was collected from all participants, and the blood samples were detected for HBsAg by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The multivariate unconditional logistic regression was performed to identify the related factors of positive HBsAg. Results: Among the 260 950 subjects, 113 184 were males (43.37%), 147 766 were females (56.63%), and the average age was (47.68±17.36) years old. The positive rate of HBsAg was 6.10%(15 822 cases). Subjects who were 25-34 years old (OR=1.23), 35-44 years old (OR=1.26), 45-54 years old (OR=1.23), and 55-64 years old (OR=1.34) were more likely to be HBsAg positive,65 years and older (OR=0.88) were less likely to be, compared with subjects aging 18-24 years old; males were more likely to be HBsAg positive compared with females (OR=1.35); people living in Fucheng district were more likely to be HBsAg positive compared with who living in Jiangyou district(OR=1.91); married people were more likely to be HBsAg positive compared with unmarried ones (OR=1.36); medical staff were less likely to be HBsAg positive compared with non-medical staff (OR=0.61); subjects with a surgery history were more likely to HBsAg positive compared with who without (OR=1.13); subjects with trauma history were more likely to HBsAg positive compared with who without (OR=1.13); people with history of Hepatitis B were more likely to HBsAg positive compared with who without (OR=4.21); people with Hepatitis B vaccination history were less likely to be HBsAg positive compared with who without (OR=0.48); all the P values above were less than 0.05. Conclusion: The positive rate of HBsAg among adults in Mianyang city was very high, and we should pay more attention to people aging between 25 and 64 years old, male, medical staff, with surgery history, trauma history, and a family history of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B vaccination history.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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17
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Ji XQ, Zhang NK, Shao MJ, Liu TT, Li SL. [Effects of nasal steroids on pulmonary function in patients with allergic rhinitis]. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2018; 30:1236-1239. [PMID: 29798338 DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2016.15.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective:The aim of this study was to observe the changes of pulmonary function in patients with allergic rhinitis and the effect of nasal glucocorticoid on pulmonary function.Method:Ninety patients with Moderate and severe AR and 50 healthy control subjects were recruited.All participates accepted a pulmonary function test and make a statistical analysis.90 patients of AR were divided into two groups:A group(50) and B group(40).A group treated with nasal budesonide and loratadine,while B group treated with nasal normal saline and loratadine.After 3 months,all patients reviewed the lung function.Result:Comparing with control,FEV1.0/FVC,MMEF,FEF50% and FEF75% reduced significantly in AR group(P<0.01),after 3 months,the treatment of A group compared before:FEV1.0/FVC(P<0.05),MMEF,FEF50% and FEF75%(P<0.01) had statistical significance.Compared B group after the treatment:FEF75% (P<0.05) was significant.After the treatment of group A compared with normal group:there was no significance.Conclusion:The reduced pulmonary function of allergic rhinitis paitents is mainly due to the small airway dysfunction.Budesonide is superior to loratadine to improve the pulmonary function.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology,the First People's Hospital of Qingdao Economic and Technological Development Zone,Qingdao,266555,China
| | - N K Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology,Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University
| | - M J Shao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine,Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University
| | - T T Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology,Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University
| | - S L Li
- Department of Otolaryngology,Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University
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18
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Gong W, Liu TT, Zheng Y. [Relationship between venous thromboembolism and cardiovascular disease risk factors]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2018; 46:407-410. [PMID: 29804446 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
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Cui JB, Chen QQ, Liu TT, Li SJ. Risk factors for early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e6830. [PMID: 29791584 PMCID: PMC5972009 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the risk factors related to ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients. From January 2011 to December 2015, a single-center retrospective study including 200 SAH patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) ≥48 h was performed. The clinical data of these patients were collected and analyzed. The age range of the patients were 41-63 and 72 (36%) were male. The Glasgow coma scale score range was 5-15 and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II range was 31-52. One hundred and forty-eight (74%) patients had a World Federation of Neurosurgeons (WNFS) score ≥III. Aneurysm was secured with an endovascular coiling procedure in 168 (84%) patients and 94 (47%) patients presented VAP. Male gender (OR=2.25, 95%CI=1.15-4.45), use of mannitol (OR=3.02, 95%CI=1.53-5.94) and enteral feeding above 20 kcal·kg-1·day-1 (OR=2.90, 95%CI=1.26-6.67) after day 7 were independent factors for VAP. Patients with early-onset VAP had a longer duration of sedation (P=0.03), MV (P=0.001) and ICU length of stay (P=0.003) and a worse Glasgow Outcome Scale score (P<0.001), but did not have a higher death rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Cui
- Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Q Q Chen
- Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - T T Liu
- Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - S J Li
- Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
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Brink GJ, Lei WY, Omari TI, Singendonk MMJ, Hung JS, Liu TT, Yi CH, Chen CL. Physiological augmentation of esophageal distension pressure and peristalsis during conditions of increased esophageal emptying resistance. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13225. [PMID: 29063658 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal compression has been implemented as a provocative maneuver in high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) to "challenge" normal esophageal physiology with the aim of revealing abnormal motor patterns which may explain symptoms. In this study, we measured the effects of abdominal compression on esophageal functioning utilizing novel pressure-impedance parameters and attempted to identify differences between healthy controls and globus patients. METHODS Twenty-two healthy volunteers (aged 23-32 years, 41% female) and 22 globus patients (aged 23-72 years, 68% female) were evaluated with HRIM using a 3.2-mm water perfused manometric and impedance catheter. All participants received 10 × 5 mL liquid swallows; healthy controls also received 10 × 5 mL liquid swallows with abdominal compression created using an inflatable cuff. All swallows were analyzed to assess esophageal pressure topography (EPT) and pressure-flow metrics, indicative of distension pressure, flow timing and bolus clearance were derived. KEY RESULTS The effect of abdominal compression was shown as a greater contractile vigor of the distal esophagus by EPT and higher distension pressure based on pressure-flow metrics. Age and body mass index also increased contractile vigor and distension pressure. Globus patients were similar to controls. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERFERENCES Intrabolus pressure and contractile vigor are indicative of the physiological modulation of bolus transport mechanisms. Provocative testing by abdominal compression induces changes in these esophageal bolus dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Brink
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Y Lei
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - T I Omari
- School of Medicine, Flinders University, South Australia
| | - M M J Singendonk
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Emma Children's Hospital, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J S Hung
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - T T Liu
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - C H Yi
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - C L Chen
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Wang XB, Wang CN, Zhang YC, Liu TT, Lv JP, Shen X, Guo MR. Effects of gamma radiation on microbial, physicochemical, and structural properties of whey protein model system. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4879-4890. [PMID: 29573795 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Gamma radiation has been used in food processing for many years, though it has certain effects on food components. Whey protein solutions (10%/30%, wt/vol) were treated with gamma radiation at various dosages (10-25 kGy) and evaluated for microbial changes in the solutions and physicochemical and structural changes of whey proteins. Whey protein solutions after gamma radiation showed substantially lower populations of all viable microorganisms than those of controls. The 10% whey protein solution treated at radiation of 20 or 25 kGy remained sterile for up to 4 wk at room temperature. Gamma radiation increased viscosity and turbidity and decreased soluble nitrogen of whey protein solutions compared to nonradiated control samples regardless of radiation dosage. Nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE suggested that whey proteins under gamma radiation treatment formed aggregates with high molecular weights. Reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE showed that disulfide bonds played a role in gamma radiation-induced whey protein cross-linking. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy micrographs exhibited large aggregates of whey proteins after gamma radiation treatment. Results suggested that gamma radiation could be applied to whey protein solution for purposes of reducing microbial counts and cross-linking protein molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- X B Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - C N Wang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Y C Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington 05405
| | - T T Liu
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington 05405
| | - J P Lv
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - X Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130062, China
| | - M R Guo
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington 05405.
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22
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Liu TT, Li L, Wan L, Zhang CH, Yao WL. Videolaryngoscopy vs. Macintosh laryngoscopy for double-lumen tube intubation in thoracic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Anaesthesia 2018; 73:997-1007. [PMID: 29405258 DOI: 10.1111/anae.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Double-lumen intubation is more difficult than single-lumen tracheal intubation. Videolaryngoscopes have many advantages in airway management. However, the advantages of videolaryngoscopy for intubation with a double-lumen tube remain controversial compared with traditional Macintosh laryngoscopy. In this study, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and the Web of Science for randomised controlled trials comparing videolaryngoscopy with Macintosh laryngoscopy for double-lumen tube intubation. We found that videolaryngoscopy provided a higher success rate at first attempt for double-lumen tube intubation, with an odds ratio (95%CI) of 2.77 (1.92-4.00) (12 studies, 1215 patients, moderate-quality evidence, p < 0.00001), as well as a lower incidence of oral, mucosal or dental injuries during double-lumen tube intubation, odds ratio (95%CI) 0.36 (0.15-0.85) (11 studies, 1145 patients, low-quality evidence, p = 0.02), and for postoperative sore throat, odds ratio (95%CI) 0.54 (0.36-0.81) (7 studies, 561 patients, moderate-quality evidence, p = 0.003), compared with Macintosh laryngoscopy. There were no significant differences in intubation time, with a standardised mean difference (95%CI) of -0.10 (-0.62 to 0.42) (14 studies, 1310 patients, very low-quality evidence, p = 0.71); and the incidence of postoperative voice change, odds ratio (95%CI) 0.53 (0.21-1.31) (7 studies, 535 patients, low-quality evidence, p = 0.17). Videolaryngoscopy led to a higher incidence of malpositioned double-lumen tube, with an odds ratio (95%CI) of 2.23 (1.10-4.52) (six studies, 487 patients, moderate-quality evidence, p = 0.03).
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L Li
- Department of Physiology, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - L Wan
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - C H Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - W L Yao
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Mu XP, Wang HB, Cheng X, Yang L, Sun XY, Qu HL, Zhao SS, Zhou ZK, Liu TT, Xiao T, Song B, Jolkkonen J, Zhao CS. Inhibition of Nkcc1 promotes axonal growth and motor recovery in ischemic rats. Neuroscience 2017; 365:83-93. [PMID: 28964752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bumetanide is a selective inhibitor of the Na+-K+-Cl--co-transporter 1(NKCC1). We studied whether bumetanide could affect axonal growth and behavioral outcome in stroke rats. Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham-operated rats treated with vehicle or bumetanide, and ischemic rats treated with vehicle or bumetanide. Endothelin-1 was used to induce focal cerebral ischemia. Bumetanide administration (i.c.v.) started on postoperative day 7 and continued for 3 weeks. Biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was injected into the right imotor cortex on postoperative day 14 to trace corticospinal tract (CST) fibers sprouting into the denervated cervical spinal cord. Nogo-A, NKCC1, KCC2 and BDNF in the perilesional cortex and BDA, PSD-95 and vGlut1 in the denervated spinal cord were measured by immunohistochemistry and/or Western blot. Behavioral outcome of rats was assessed by the beam walking and cylinder tests. The total length of CST fibers sprouting into the denervated cervical spinal cord significantly increased after stroke and bumetanide further increased this sprouting. Bumetanide treatment also decreased the expressions of NKCC1 and Nogo-A, increased the expressions of KCC2 and BDNF in the perilesional cortex and enhanced the synaptic plasticity in the denervated cervical spinal cord after cerebral ischemia. The behavioral performance of ischemic rats was significantly improved by bumetanide. In conclusion, bumetanide promoted post-stroke axonal sprouting together accompanied by an improved behavioral outcome possibly through restoring and maintaining neuronal chloride homeostasis and creating a recovery-promoting microenvironment by overcoming the axonal growth inhibition encountered after cerebral ischemia in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Mu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - H B Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - X Cheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - L Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Center Hospital, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - X Y Sun
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - H L Qu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - S S Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Z K Zhou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - T T Liu
- Department of Neurology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - T Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - B Song
- Regenerative Medicine, Cardiff Institute of Tissue Engineering and Repair, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J Jolkkonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine - Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P. O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - C S Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Zhang HL, Huang ZG, Qiu Y, Cheng X, Zou XQ, Liu TT. Tamsulosin for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Impot Res 2017; 29:148-156. [PMID: 28424499 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Tamsulosin has been used for the off-label treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in women. Over the past few years, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have reported the clinical effectiveness and safety of tamsulosin for LUTS in women. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tamsulosin in treating LUTS in women, which may resolve some of the current controversies over use of the drug and provide more reliable evidence for the use of tamsulosin. A literature review was performed to identify all published RCTs of tamsulosin for the treatment of LUTS in women. The search included the following databases: PUBMED, EMBASE, the Cochrane Controlled Trail Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database (VIP) and Wanfang Database. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. Six RCTs studies involving 764 female participants were included in the analysis. Four out of the six RCTs compared tamsulosin with placebo, one RCT compared tamsulosin with prazosin and the other study compared tamsulosin with tamsulosin combined with tolterodine. Two RCTs evaluated total International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and improved total IPSS compared with the placebo (standardized mean difference=-4.08, 95% confidence interval=-5.93 to -2.23, P<0.00001). IPSS (storage symptom score), IPSS (voiding symptom score) and quality-of-life score also showed the similar effects. In addition, tamsulosin improved the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire score when compared with placebo in only one RCT. For urodynamic parameters, tamsulosin improved the average flow rate and the post-void residual volume when compared with prazosin and tolterodine combined with tamsulosin, respectively. Beyond that, the other parameters showed no significant difference between the treatment and control groups. On the basis of the present evidence, tamsulosin is an effective treatment for the relief of LUTS in women when compared with placebo. However, the safety of the tamsulosin remains unknown. Further, well-conducted trials that examine long-term outcomes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Z G Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Y Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - X Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women &Infants Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - X Q Zou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - T T Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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25
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Liu TT, Achrol AS, Mitchell LA, Du WA, Loya JJ, Rodriguez SA, Feroze A, Westbroek EM, Yeom KW, Stuart JM, Chang SD, Harsh GR, Rubin DL. Computational Identification of Tumor Anatomic Location Associated with Survival in 2 Large Cohorts of Human Primary Glioblastomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:621-8. [PMID: 26744442 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tumor location has been shown to be a significant prognostic factor in patients with glioblastoma. The purpose of this study was to characterize glioblastoma lesions by identifying MR imaging voxel-based tumor location features that are associated with tumor molecular profiles, patient characteristics, and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative T1 anatomic MR images of 384 patients with glioblastomas were obtained from 2 independent cohorts (n = 253 from the Stanford University Medical Center for training and n = 131 from The Cancer Genome Atlas for validation). An automated computational image-analysis pipeline was developed to determine the anatomic locations of tumor in each patient. Voxel-based differences in tumor location between good (overall survival of >17 months) and poor (overall survival of <11 months) survival groups identified in the training cohort were used to classify patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort into 2 brain-location groups, for which clinical features, messenger RNA expression, and copy number changes were compared to elucidate the biologic basis of tumors located in different brain regions. RESULTS Tumors in the right occipitotemporal periventricular white matter were significantly associated with poor survival in both training and test cohorts (both, log-rank P < .05) and had larger tumor volume compared with tumors in other locations. Tumors in the right periatrial location were associated with hypoxia pathway enrichment and PDGFRA amplification, making them potential targets for subgroup-specific therapies. CONCLUSIONS Voxel-based location in glioblastoma is associated with patient outcome and may have a potential role for guiding personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- From the Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Biomedical Informatics Training Program (T.T.L., D.L.R.) Department of Radiology (T.T.L., L.A.M., W.A.D., K.W.Y., D.L.R.)
| | - A S Achrol
- Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences (A.S.A.) Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S.A.) Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - L A Mitchell
- Department of Radiology (T.T.L., L.A.M., W.A.D., K.W.Y., D.L.R.)
| | - W A Du
- Department of Radiology (T.T.L., L.A.M., W.A.D., K.W.Y., D.L.R.)
| | - J J Loya
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - S A Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - A Feroze
- Department of Neurological Surgery (A.F.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - E M Westbroek
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - K W Yeom
- Department of Radiology (T.T.L., L.A.M., W.A.D., K.W.Y., D.L.R.)
| | - J M Stuart
- Biomolecular Engineering (J.M.S.), University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - S D Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - G R Harsh
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - D L Rubin
- From the Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Biomedical Informatics Training Program (T.T.L., D.L.R.) Department of Radiology (T.T.L., L.A.M., W.A.D., K.W.Y., D.L.R.)
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics, fission and fusion, were first identified in yeast with investigation in heart cells beginning only in the last 5 to 7 years. In the ensuing time, it has become evident that these processes are not only required for healthy mitochondria, but also, that derangement of these processes contributes to disease. The fission and fusion proteins have a number of functions beyond the mitochondrial dynamics. Many of these functions are related to their membrane activities, such as apoptosis. However, other functions involve other areas of the mitochondria, such as OPA1's role in maintaining cristae structure and preventing cytochrome c leak, and its essential (at least a 10 kDa fragment of OPA1) role in mtDNA replication. In heart disease, changes in expression of these important proteins can have detrimental effects on mitochondrial and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Knowlton
- Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Pharmacology Department, University of California, Davis, and The Department of Veteran's Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - T T Liu
- Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Pharmacology Department, University of California, Davis, and The Department of Veteran's Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, California, USA
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Yang H, Xu HB, Liu TT, He XL. Systematic review of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for abnormal chromosome genetic diseases using free fetal DNA in maternal plasma. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:10603-8. [PMID: 26400291 DOI: 10.4238/2015.september.9.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the system accuracy of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis for abnormal chromosome genetic diseases using cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma. Previous studies were searched in the MEDLINE database using the following keywords: "prenatal" and "aneuploidy" and "noninvasive or non-invasive" and "maternal". Identified studies were filtered using a QUADAS instrument. Four studies were identified and analyzed using QUADAS. The studies included 4167 cases of Down syndrome patients determined by noninvasive prenatal diagnosis with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.3%; There were 3455 cases of Edwards syndrome patients determined by noninvasive prenatal diagnosis with a sensitivity of 97.4% and specificity of 99.95%. Therefore, noninvasive prenatal diagnosis can be used to identify abnormal chromosomes with high accuracy using free fetal DNA in the maternal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H B Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - T T Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X L He
- Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Tsao CF, Huang WT, Liu TT, Wang PW, Liou CW, Lin TK, Hsieh CJ, Weng SW. Expression of high-mobility group box protein 1 in diabetic foot atherogenesis. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:4521-31. [PMID: 25966225 DOI: 10.4238/2015.may.4.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The role of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been demonstrated in stroke and coronary artery disease but not in peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). The pathogenesis of HMGB1 in acute and chronic vascular injury is also not well understood. We hypothesized that HMGB1 induces inflammatory markers in diabetic PAOD patients. We studied 36 diabetic patients, including 29 patients with PAOD, who had undergone amputation for diabetic foot and 7 nondiabetic patients who had undergone amputation after traumatic injury. Expression of HMGB1 and inflammatory markers were quantified using immunohistochemical staining. Mitochondrial DNA copy number was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared with that in the traumatic amputation group, HMGB1 expression in vessels was significantly higher in the diabetes and diabetic PAOD groups. In all subjects, arterial stenosis grade was positively correlated with the expression levels of HMGB1, 8-hydroxyguanosine, malondialdehyde, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and inflammatory markers CD3, and CD68 in both the intima and the media of vessels. Furthermore, HMGB1 expression level was positively correlated with 8-hydroxyguanosine, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, nuclear factor-kB, CD3, and CD68 expression. Within the PAOD subgroup, subjects with HMGB1 expression had higher expression of the autophagy marker LC3A/B and higher mitochondrial DNA copy number. HMGB1 may be an inflammatory mediator with roles in oxidative damage and proinflammatory and inflammatory processes in diabetic atherogenesis. Moreover, it may have dual effects by compensating for increased mitochondrial DNA copy number and increased autophagy marker expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Tsao
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - W T Huang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T T Liu
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - P W Wang
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C W Liou
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - T K Lin
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C J Hsieh
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - S W Weng
- Mitochondrial Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Liu TT, Yi CH, Lei WY, Hung XS, Yu HC, Chen CL. Influence of repeated infusion of capsaicin-contained red pepper sauce on esophageal secondary peristalsis in humans. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:1487-93. [PMID: 25124733 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 has been implicated as a target mediator for heartburn perception and modulation of esophageal secondary peristalsis. Our aim was to determine the effect of repeated esophageal infusion of capsaicin-contained red pepper sauce on heartburn perception and secondary peristalsis in healthy adults. METHODS Secondary peristalsis was performed with mid-esophageal injections of air in 15 healthy adults. Two separate protocols including esophageal infusion with saline and capsaicin-contained red pepper sauce and 2 consecutive sessions of capsaicin-contained red pepper sauce were randomly performed. KEY RESULTS After repeated infusion of capsaicin-contained red pepper sauce, the threshold volume to activate secondary peristalsis was significantly increased during slow (p < 0.001) and rapid air injections (p = 0.004). Acute infusion of capsaicin-contained red pepper sauce enhanced heartburn perception (p < 0.001), but the intensity of heartburn perception was significantly reduced after repeated capsaicin-contained red pepper sauce infusion (p = 0.007). Acute infusion of capsaicin-contained red pepper sauce significantly increased pressure wave amplitudes of distal esophagus during slow (p = 0.003) and rapid air injections (p = 0.01), but repeated infusion of capsaicin-contained red pepper sauce significantly decreased pressure wave amplitude of distal esophagus during slow (p = 0.0005) and rapid air injections (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Repeated esophageal infusion of capsaicin appears to attenuate heartburn perception and inhibit distension-induced secondary peristalsis in healthy adults. These results suggest capsaicin-sensitive afferents in modulating sensorimotor function of secondary peristalsis in human esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- Department of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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30
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Perreault S, Ramaswamy V, Achrol AS, Chao K, Liu TT, Shih D, Remke M, Schubert S, Bouffet E, Fisher PG, Partap S, Vogel H, Taylor MD, Cho YJ, Yeom KW. MRI surrogates for molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:1263-9. [PMID: 24831600 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recently identified molecular subgroups of medulloblastoma have shown potential for improved risk stratification. We hypothesized that distinct MR imaging features can predict these subgroups. MATERIALS AND METHODS All patients with a diagnosis of medulloblastoma at one institution, with both pretherapy MR imaging and surgical tissue, served as the discovery cohort (n = 47). MR imaging features were assessed by 3 blinded neuroradiologists. NanoString-based assay of tumor tissues was conducted to classify the tumors into the 4 established molecular subgroups (wingless, sonic hedgehog, group 3, and group 4). A second pediatric medulloblastoma cohort (n = 52) from an independent institution was used for validation of the MR imaging features predictive of the molecular subtypes. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis within the discovery cohort revealed tumor location (P < .001) and enhancement pattern (P = .001) to be significant predictors of medulloblastoma subgroups. Stereospecific computational analyses confirmed that group 3 and 4 tumors predominated within the midline fourth ventricle (100%, P = .007), wingless tumors were localized to the cerebellar peduncle/cerebellopontine angle cistern with a positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI, 30%-100%), and sonic hedgehog tumors arose in the cerebellar hemispheres with a positive predictive value of 100% (95% CI, 59%-100%). Midline group 4 tumors presented with minimal/no enhancement with a positive predictive value of 91% (95% CI, 59%-98%). When we used the MR imaging feature-based regression model, 66% of medulloblastomas were correctly predicted in the discovery cohort, and 65%, in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS Tumor location and enhancement pattern were predictive of molecular subgroups of pediatric medulloblastoma and may potentially serve as a surrogate for genomic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Perreault
- From the Department of Neurology (S. Perreault, S.S., P.G.F., S. Partap, Y.J.C.), Division of Child NeurologyDivision of Child Neurology (S. Perreault), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - V Ramaswamy
- Division of Neurosurgery (V.R., D.S., M.R., M.D.T.)Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre (V.R., D.S., M.R., E.B., M.D.T.)Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (V.S., D.S., M.R., M.D.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A S Achrol
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., K.C.)
| | - K Chao
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., K.C.)
| | - T T Liu
- Department of Radiology (T.T.L.)
| | - D Shih
- Division of Neurosurgery (V.R., D.S., M.R., M.D.T.)Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre (V.R., D.S., M.R., E.B., M.D.T.)Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (V.S., D.S., M.R., M.D.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Remke
- Division of Neurosurgery (V.R., D.S., M.R., M.D.T.)Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre (V.R., D.S., M.R., E.B., M.D.T.)Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (V.S., D.S., M.R., M.D.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Schubert
- From the Department of Neurology (S. Perreault, S.S., P.G.F., S. Partap, Y.J.C.), Division of Child Neurology
| | - E Bouffet
- Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre (V.R., D.S., M.R., E.B., M.D.T.)Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (E.B), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - P G Fisher
- From the Department of Neurology (S. Perreault, S.S., P.G.F., S. Partap, Y.J.C.), Division of Child Neurology
| | - S Partap
- From the Department of Neurology (S. Perreault, S.S., P.G.F., S. Partap, Y.J.C.), Division of Child Neurology
| | - H Vogel
- Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging, and Department of Pathology (H.V.), Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - M D Taylor
- Division of Neurosurgery (V.R., D.S., M.R., M.D.T.)Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre (V.R., D.S., M.R., E.B., M.D.T.)Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (V.S., D.S., M.R., M.D.T.), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y J Cho
- From the Department of Neurology (S. Perreault, S.S., P.G.F., S. Partap, Y.J.C.), Division of Child Neurology
| | - K W Yeom
- Department of Radiology (K.W.Y.), Lucile Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
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Jiang ZD, Liu TT, Chen C. Brainstem auditory electrophysiology is supressed in term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2014; 18:193-200. [PMID: 24309481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether hyperbilirubinemia suppresses electrophysiological activity of the neonatal auditory brainstem remains to be investigated. AIM To determine whether hyperbilirubinemia suppresses the brainstem auditory electrophysiology in term neonates. METHODS Maximum length sequence brainstem auditory evoked response (MLS BAER) was recorded shortly after confirming hyperbilirubinemia in 58 term neonates. Wave amplitudes of the response were analyzed in detail. RESULTS Compared with age-matched term controls, the neonates with hyperbilirubinemia showed a significant reduction in the amplitudes of MLS BAER waves III and particularly V at all click rates 91-910/s. The reduction tended to be more significant at higher than lower rates. Wave I amplitude was reduced at 910/s. V/I amplitude ratio was decreased at all click rates. Therefore, the amplitudes of MLS BAER, particularly later, waves were all reduced. The amplitudes of all MLS BAER waves tended to be reduced with the increase in total serum bilirubin level. All wave amplitudes were correlated with the level of total serum bilirubin at some or most click rates. CONCLUSIONS Brainstem auditory electrophysiology is suppressed in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia, which related to the severity of hyperbilirubinemia. Wave amplitudes are valuable BAER variables to detect functional impairment of the brainstem and auditory pathway in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, and are recommended to be used in assessing bilirubin neurotoxicity to the neonatal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze D Jiang
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - T T Liu
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cao Chen
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
We investigated the incidence of and risk factors for persistent pain after caesarean delivery. Over a 12-month period, women having caesarean delivery were recruited prospectively at an Australian tertiary referral centre. Demographic, anaesthetic and surgical data were collected and at 24 hour follow-up, women were assessed for immediate postoperative pain and preoperative expectations of pain. Long-term telephone follow-up was conducted at two and 12 months postoperatively. Complete data were obtained from 426 of 469 women initially recruited (90.6%). The incidence of persistent pain at the abdominal wound at two months was 14.6% (n=62) but subsequently reduced to 4.2% (n=18) at 12 months. At two months, 33 patients (7.8%) experienced constant or daily pain. At 12 months, five patients (1.1%) continued to have constant or daily pain which was mild. There was no apparent increase in incidence of persistent pain associated with general versus regional anaesthesia (relative risk [RR] 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49 to 1.6); emergency vs elective procedure (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.07); higher acute pain scores (RR 1.1, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.75); or history of previous caesarean delivery (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.33). Persistent pain, usually of a mild nature, is reported by some women two months after their caesarean delivery, but by 12 months less than 1% of women had pain requiring analgesia or affecting mood or sleep. All declined a pain clinic review. Clinicians and patients can be reassured that caesarean delivery is unlikely to lead to severe persistent pain in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Management, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to apply combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and esophageal manometry (MII-EM) to test esophageal function during solid swallowing in a normal healthy population. We determined whether combined MII-EM with solid bolus is more sensitive than that with viscous bolus in the detection of motility abnormality. Eighteen healthy volunteers (11 men and 7 women; mean age 22 years, range 20-26 years) underwent combined MII-EM with a catheter containing four impedance-measuring segments and five solid-state pressure transducers. Each subject received 10 viscous and 10 solid materials. Tracings were analyzed manually for bolus presence time, total bolus transit time, contraction amplitude, duration, and onset velocity. Three hundred and sixty swallows including viscous and solid materials were analyzed. Contraction amplitude for the viscous swallows was higher at 20 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (P= 0.049) but lower at 15 cm above the LES (P < 0.001). Duration of contractions for the solid swallows was longer at 15 cm (P= 0.002) and 10 cm above the LES (P= 0.011) compared with viscous swallows. The total bolus transit time for solid was significantly shorter than that for viscous boluses (6.8 vs. 7.7 seconds, P < 0.001). Bolus presence time appeared to be similar between viscous and solid boluses (except in the proximal esophagus). The percentage of swallows with ineffective peristalsis by manometry, as well as those with incomplete bolus transit by impedance, did not differ between viscous and solid swallows. The proportion of manometrically ineffective solid swallows with incomplete bolus transit was greater than that of viscous swallows (62.1% vs. 34.8%, P= 0.05). Application of solid boluses may potentially enhance diagnostic capability of esophageal function testing. Solid boluses can be regarded as a valuable complement to viscous boluses in the detection of esophageal motility abnormalities when applied with combined MII-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chen
- Department of Medicine Radiology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, #707 Section 3 Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Yang CM, Cao GT, Ferket PR, Liu TT, Zhou L, Zhang L, Xiao YP, Chen AG. Effects of probiotic, Clostridium butyricum, on growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2012; 91:2121-9. [PMID: 22912445 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Four hundred and fifty 1-d-old male Lingnan Yellow broiler chickens were used to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance, immune function, and cecal microflora. The birds were randomly assigned to 5 treatments and offered the same antibiotic-free basal diets for 42 d. The treatments were as follows: no addition (control), 1 × 10(7) cfu C. butyricum/kg of diet (CB1), 2 × 10(7) cfu C. butyricum/kg of diet (CB2), 3 × 10(7) cfu C. butyricum/kg of diet (CB3), and 10 mg of colistine sulfate/kg of diet (antibiotic). Birds fed either CB2 or antibiotic had greater overall BW than those in the control group. During d 1 to 7, d 21 to 42, and d 1 to 42, birds fed either CB2 or CB3 or the antibiotic diet had greater ADG compared with those in the control group. No significant differences were observed in BW or ADG among the CB2, CB3, and antibiotic groups. Birds fed the CB2 or CB3 diet had greater concentrations of IgA and IgG in the serum from d 14 to 42 and greater IgM in the serum from d 21 to 42 than those in the control group. Birds fed the CB3 diet had a greater concentration of complement component 3 in the serum than those in the control group from d 7 to 42. Dietary C. butyricum decreased (P < 0.05) Escherichia coli in cecal contents on d 14 and 42, and both CB2 and CB3 decreased (P < 0.05) cecal Salmonella and Clostridium perfringen from d 14 to 42 compared with the control. Broilers fed either CB2 or CB3 had greater cecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts from d 21 to 42, and birds fed C. butyricum had greater cecal C. butyricum counts during the whole period compared with those in the control group. The results indicate that C. butyricum promotes growth performance and immune function and benefits the balance of the intestinal microflora in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Yang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary peristalsis is important for the clearance of refluxate or retained food bolus from the esophagus. Mosapride is a prokinetic agent that enhances GI motility by stimulating 5-hydroxytrypatamine(4) (5-HT(4) ) receptors, but its effects on secondary peristalsis are yet unclear in humans. We aimed to investigate the effect of a 5-HT(4) agonist mosapride on esophageal distension-induced secondary peristalsis in normal subjects. METHODS After a baseline recording esophageal motility, secondary peristalsis was generated by slow and rapid mid-esophageal injections of air in 15 healthy subjects. Two separate sessions with 40mg oral mosapride or placebo were randomly performed to test their effects on esophageal secondary peristalsis. KEY RESULTS Mosapride decreased the threshold volume for triggering secondary peristalsis during rapid air distension (4.5±0.3 vs 5.3±0.4mL; P=0.04) but not slow air distension (14.3±1.2 vs 13.3±1.3mL; P=0.41). Secondary peristalsis was triggered more frequently in response to rapid air distension after application of mosapride [100% (90-100%) vs 90% (80-100%); P=0.02]. Mosapride significantly increased pressure wave amplitudes of secondary peristalsis during slow (135.4±13.8 vs 105.0±12.9mmHg; P=0.001) and rapid air distensions (124.0±11.6 vs 95.9±14.0mmHg; P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Mosapride enhances sensitivity to distension-induced secondary peristalsis and facilitates secondary peristaltic contractility. These data provide an evidence for modulation of esophageal secondary peristalsis by the 5-HT(4) agonist mosapride, as well support for its clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chen
- Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary peristalsis is important for the clearance of retained food bolus or refluxate from the esophagus. The effects of the gamma aminobutyric acid receptor type B (GABA(B) ) agonist on secondary peristalsis remain unclear in humans. We aimed to investigate the effect of a GABA(B) agonist baclofen on esophageal secondary peristalsis. METHODS After a baseline recording of esophageal motility, secondary peristalsis was generated by slow and rapid mid-esophageal injections of air in 15 healthy subjects. Two separate sessions with 40mg oral baclofen or placebo were randomly performed to test their effects on secondary peristalsis. KEY RESULTS Baclofen increased the threshold volume for triggering secondary peristalsis during slow air distension (P=0.003) and rapid air distension (P=0.002). Baclofen reduced the rate of secondary peristalsis by rapid air distension from 90% to 30% (P=0.0002). Baclofen increased basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure (P=0.03). Baclofen did not affect any of peristaltic parameters during primary or secondary peristalsis. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES This study provides an evidence for inhibitory modulation of esophageal secondary peristalsis by the GABA(B) agonist baclofen. Activation of secondary peristalsis is probably modulated by GABA(B) receptors; however, baclofen does not lead to any motility change in secondary peristalsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chen
- Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Stice JP, Chen L, Kim SC, Jung JS, Tran AL, Liu TT, Knowlton AA. 17β-Estradiol, aging, inflammation, and the stress response in the female heart. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1589-98. [PMID: 21303943 PMCID: PMC3060632 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a cardioprotective class of proteins induced by stress and regulated by the transcription factor, heat shock factor (HSF)-1. 17β-estradiol (E(2)) indirectly regulates HSP expression through rapid activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and HSF-1 and protects against hypoxia. As males experience a loss of protective cellular responses in aging, we hypothesized that aged menopausal (old ovariectomized) rats would have an impaired HSP response, which could be prevented by immediate in vivo E(2) replacement. After measuring cardiac function in vivo, cardiac myocytes were isolated from ovariectomized adult and old rats with and without 9 weeks of E(2) replacement. Myocytes were treated with E(2) in vitro and analyzed for activation of NF-κB, HSF-1, and HSP expression. In addition, we measured inflammatory cytokine expression and susceptibility to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Cardiac contractility was reduced in old ovariectomized rats and could prevented by immediate E(2) replacement in vivo. Subsequent investigations in isolated cardiac myocytes found that in vitro E(2) activated NF-κB, HSF-1, and increased HSP 72 expression in adult but not old rats. In response to hypoxia/reoxygenation, myocytes from adult, but not old, rats had increased HSP 72 expression. In addition, expression of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, as well as oxidative stress, were increased in myocytes from old ovariectomized rats; only the change in cytokine expression could be attenuated by in vivo E(2) replacement. This study demonstrates that while aging in female rats led to a loss of the cardioprotective HSP response, E(2) retains its protective cellular properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Stice
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Genomics and Biomedical Sciences Facility, Room 6317, University of California, Davis, 451 Health Sciences Way, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Koh WL, Liu TT. A cured patient who came back for consultation: neuropathic scrotal pruritus relieved after ipsilateral inguinal hernia repair. Int J STD AIDS 2011; 21:658-9. [PMID: 21097742 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2010.010185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
When no demonstrable cause is uncovered after excluding inflammatory dermatosis, infectious disease or a manifestation of anorectal disease, anogenital pruritus is often described as 'idiopathic'. Lumbosacral radiculopathy was described by Cohen et al. as one of the possible causes of 'idiopathic' anogenital pruritus. We report a case of a patient with chronic pruritus of the right scrotum that was relieved immediately post-ipsilateral inguinal hernia repair. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of neuropathic scrotal pruritus secondary to direct nerve compression by an inguinal hernia. We propose that a proper examination for the presence of inguinal hernia be performed in the work-up for scrotal pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Koh
- Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Simei, Singapore.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsaicin-sensitive afferents have been implicated in the modulation of gastrointestinal sensorimotor functions. Secondary peristalsis is important for the clearance of retained refluxate or material from the esophagus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce suspension on esophageal secondary peristalsis in healthy adults. METHODS After a baseline recording of esophageal motility, secondary peristalsis was generated by slow and rapid mid-esophageal injections of air in 10 healthy subjects. Two separate sessions with saline and capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce were randomly performed to test their effects on esophageal secondary peristalsis. KEY RESULTS Infusion of capsaicin significantly increased pressure wave amplitude during rapid (P = 0.002) and slow air infusions (P = 0.01). After capsaicin, the threshold volume to generate secondary peristalsis was significantly decreased during rapid (P < 0.05) and slow air infusions (P = 0.02). Infusion of saline did not affect any parameters of secondary peristalsis during rapid or slow air infusion. The administration of capsaicin was accompanied by the occurrence of heartburn in all subjects. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The acute administration of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce suspension enhances sensitivity to distension-induced secondary peristalsis and facilitates secondary peristaltic contractility. These data suggest the involvement of capsaicin-sensitive afferents in the modulation of esophageal distension-induced secondary peristalsis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chen
- Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Abstract
We investigated the 5-year clinical course in a cohort of patients with typical reflux symptoms and negative endoscopy. Prospective follow-up was conducted in patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) for at least 5 years after initial evaluation with esophageal pH monitoring and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Within the last year of follow-up, reflux symptoms occurred in 27 of the 30 patients (90%). Twenty-five of twenty-seven symptomatic patients (93%) were on acid suppression therapy. The majority of our patients (70%) remained unchanged regarding their endoscopic status over 5 years. Progression to erosive esophagitis occurred in four patients with Los Angeles (LA) A (13%), three patients with LA B (10%), and two patients with LA C (7%). The presence of pathological acid exposure did not alter the presence of reflux symptoms over 5 years. Disease progression to erosive esophagitis occurred more frequently in patients with pathological acid exposure than those without pathological acid exposure (P= 0.025). Most NERD patients have symptoms and require acid suppression therapy 5 years after their initial diagnosis. Initial pathological acid exposure does not influence the use of acid suppression; however, it does influence the progression of NERD within 5 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chen
- Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Liu TT, Bannatyne BA, Maxwell DJ. Organization and neurochemical properties of intersegmental interneurons in the lumbar enlargement of the adult rat. Neuroscience 2010; 171:461-84. [PMID: 20849930 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intersegmental interneurons with relatively short axons perform an important role in the coordination of limb movement but surprisingly little is known about their organization and how they contribute to neuronal networks in the adult rat. We undertook a series of anatomical tract-tracing studies to label cell bodies and axons of intersegmental neurons in the lumbar cord and characterized their neurochemical properties by using immunocytochemistry. The b-subunit of cholera toxin was injected into L1 or L3 segments of seven rats in the vicinity of lateral or medial motor nuclei. In L5 lumbar segments, cells were found to be concentrated in contralateral lamina VIII, and in ipsilateral lamina VII and laminae V-VI following injections into the lateral and medial motor nuclei respectively. About 25% of labelled cells contained calbindin or calretinin or a combination of both. Calbindin positive cells were mainly distributed within the ipsilateral side of the L5 segment, especially within the ipsilateral dorsal horn whereas there was a concentration of calretinin cells in contralateral lamina VIII. A small population of cells around the central canal were cholinergic. We also examined axon terminals that projected from L1/3 to the L5 contralateral lateral motor nucleus. The majority of these axons were excitatory (75%) and made direct contacts with motoneurons. However, most inhibitory axons in L5 contained a mixture of GABA and glycine (20%) and about 22% of the total population of axons contained calbindin. In contrast, 19% of all intra-segmental axons in the L3 contralateral lateral motor nucleus were found to be purely glycinergic and 17% contained a mixture of GABA and glycine. This study shows that short range interneurons form extensive ipsi- and contralateral projections within the lumbar enlargement and that many of them contain calcium binding proteins. Those projecting contralaterally to motor nuclei are predominantly excitatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- Spinal Cord Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medicine, Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Shieh KR, Yi CH, Liu TT, Tseng HL, Ho HC, Hsieh HT, Chen CL. Evidence for neurotrophic factors associating with TRPV1 gene expression in the inflamed human esophagus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010; 22:971-7, e252. [PMID: 20518854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01530.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptor has been implicated in the mechanism of acid induced inflammation in gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD). It has been demonstrated that the increase in nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was associated with the increased expression of TRPV1. We aimed to determine whether expression of TRPV1 was increased in severe inflamed human esophagus, and to test the hypothesis whether the expression of TRPV1 was mediated by neurotrophic factors such as NGF and GDNF. METHODS We compared biopsies taken from the distal esophagus of 15 patients with erosive GERD, 16 asymptomatic patients (AP), and 10 healthy controls. We assessed the biopsies with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for TRPV1, NGF, and GDNF. Immunohistochemical analysis of TRPV1 protein expression was also determined. KEY RESULTS Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 mRNA level and its protein expression were significantly greater in patients with erosive esophagitis than AP (P < 0.001) and healthy controls (P < 0.001). Nerve growth factor and GDNF gene levels in the esophageal mucosa were also significantly increased in patients with erosive esophagitis compared with AP and healthy controls (all P < 0.001). Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 mRNA correlated well with NGF (r = 0.61, P < 0.001) and GDNF (r = 0.58, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES These results support the association of NGF and GDNF in the up-regulation of TRPV1 receptors in patients with erosive esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Shieh
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Secondary peristalsis is important for the clearance of retained food bolus or refluxate from the esophagus. Lidocaine has been used to evaluate the role of mucosa-mediating pathways of esophageal reflexes in animal model, but its effects on esophageal secondary peristalsis are yet unclear in humans. We aimed to investigate whether esophageal secondary peristalsis can be affected by intraluminal infusion of lidocaine into the esophagus. METHODS After a baseline recording esophageal motility, secondary peristalsis was generated by slow and rapid mid-esophageal injections of air in 13 healthy subjects. Two separate sessions with saline and lidocaine were randomly performed to test their effects on esophageal secondary peristalsis by mid-esophageal air distension. KEY RESULTS Secondary peristalsis can be induced by slow or rapid air infusion. Secondary peristalsis was triggered less frequently in response to rapid air distension after lidocaine infusion (P = 0.001). After lidocaine infusion, the threshold volume to generate secondary peristalsis was significantly increased during rapid (P = 0.001), but not slow air infusions (P = NS). Infusion of lidocaine or saline did not affect pressure wave amplitude or duration during rapid and slow air infusions (P = NS). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES We have demonstrated selectively inhibitory effect of lidocaine on the triggering of esophageal secondary peristalsis during acute gaseous esophageal distension. The data suggest that part of the activation of secondary peristalsis is probably mediated by lidocaine-sensitive mechanoreceptors; however, the infusion of lidocaine does not lead to any motility change in secondary peristalsis induced by either slow or rapid air infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-L Chen
- Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Koh MJA, Teo RYL, Liu TT. Multiple epidermal cysts occurring in a tattoo. Singapore Med J 2009; 50:e376-e377. [PMID: 19960148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In decorative tattooing, pigment is introduced into the skin with needles or a tattoo gun to create a picture, motif or symbol. Various skin reactions have been reported in association with tattoos. These include acute inflammatory reactions, eczematous hypersensitivity reactions, pseudolymphomatous reactions and skin infections. We present a 24-year-old Malay man who developed multiple epidermal cysts a month after tattooing. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature of epidermal cysts occurring after skin tattooing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J A Koh
- Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
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Buracas GT, Liu TT, Jung Y. Detection of Cognitive Brain Activation using Balanced Steady State Free Precession Imaging. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)72217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Liu TT, Bannatyne BA, Jankowska E, Maxwell DJ. Cholinergic terminals in the ventral horn of adult rat and cat: evidence that glutamate is a cotransmitter at putative interneuron synapses but not at central synapses of motoneurons. Neuroscience 2009; 161:111-22. [PMID: 19318116 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Until recently it was generally accepted that the only neurotransmitter to be released at central synapses of somatic motoneurons was acetylcholine. However, studies on young mice (P0-10) have provided pharmacological evidence indicating that glutamate may act as a cotransmitter with acetylcholine at synapses between motoneurons and Renshaw cells. We performed a series of anatomical experiments on axon collaterals obtained from intracellularly labeled motoneurons from an adult cat and labeled by retrograde transport in adult rats to determine if glutamate is co-localized with acetylcholine by these terminals. We could find no evidence for the presence of vesicular glutamate transporters in motoneuron axon terminals of either species. In addition, we were unable to establish any obvious relationship between motoneuron terminals and the R2 subunit of the AMPA receptor (GluR2). However we did observe a population of cholinergic terminals in lamina VII which did not originate from motoneurons but were immunoreactive for the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 and formed appositions to GluR2 subunits. These were smaller than motoneuron terminals and, unlike them, formed no relationship with Renshaw cells. The evidence suggests that glutamate does not act as a cotransmitter with acetylcholine at central synapses of motoneurons in the adult cat and rat. However, glutamate is present in a population of cholinergic terminals which probably originate from interneurons where its action is via an AMPA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- Spinal Cord Group, Neuroscience and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Teo L, Tay YK, Liu TT, Kwok C. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin and a review of treatment options. Singapore Med J 2009; 50:29-33. [PMID: 19224081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, severe adverse drug reaction. Steven-Johnson syndrome (SJS) represents the milder end of the spectrum. The exact pathogenesis of TEN and SJS is still unknown and many drugs, including prednisolone, cyclosporin and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), have been used in an attempt to halt the disease process. The use of IVIG in particular is controversial. We share our experience with the use of IVIG in six patients with TEN. We will also review the various proposed mechanisms underlying TEN, the mechanism of action of IVIG in TEN and summarise useful treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Teo
- Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.
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Bannatyne BA, Liu TT, Hammar I, Stecina K, Jankowska E, Maxwell DJ. Excitatory and inhibitory intermediate zone interneurons in pathways from feline group I and II afferents: differences in axonal projections and input. J Physiol 2008; 587:379-99. [PMID: 19047211 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.159129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare properties of excitatory and inhibitory spinal intermediate zone interneurons in pathways from group I and II muscle afferents in the cat. Interneurons were labelled intracellularly and their transmitter phenotypes were defined by using immunocytochemistry. In total 14 glutamatergic, 22 glycinergic and 2 GABAergic/glycinergic interneurons were retrieved. All interneurons were located in laminae V-VII of the L3-L7 segments. No consistent differences were found in the location, the soma sizes or the extent of the dendritic trees of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. However, major differences were found in their axonal projections; excitatory interneurons projected either ipsilaterally, bilaterally or contralaterally, while inhibitory interneurons projected exclusively ipsilaterally. Terminal projections of glycinergic and glutamatergic cells were found within motor nuclei as well as other regions of the grey matter which include the intermediate region, laminae VII and VIII. Cells containing GABA/glycine had more restricted projections, principally within the intermediate zone where they formed appositions with glutamatergic axon terminals and unidentified cells and therefore are likely to be involved in presynaptic as well as postsynaptic inhibition. The majority of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons were found to be coexcited by group I and II afferents (monosynaptically) and by reticulospinal neurons (mono- or disynaptically) and to integrate information from several muscles. Taken together the morphological and electrophysiological data show that individual excitatory and inhibitory intermediate zone interneurons may operate in a highly differentiated way and thereby contribute to a variety of motor synergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Bannatyne
- Spinal Cord Group, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Abstract
Landfill leachates are composed of a complex mixture of organic matter, including a wide range of potentially fluorescent organic compounds. The fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (FEEM) of leachates during treatment processes is investigated. Particular attention is paid to the fluorescence evolution of leachates during treatment processes. Two typical types of landfill, landfill A (a direct municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill) and landfill B (disposal of bottom ashes from MSW incinerators), in a city in Southern China were selected. The results show that two characteristic and intense excitation-emission peaks located at Ex/Em = 310-330 nm/395-410 nm (peak alpha) and Ex/Em = 250-260 nm/450-460 nm (peak alpha') are observed. As the aromatic chemicals, capable of emitting fluorescence, are more recalcitrant to biodegradation than aliphatic chemicals, enhancement of the dissolved organic carbon normalized fluorescence intensities is demonstrated during treatment processes of leachate A and leachate B. This is confirmed by the variation of ultraviolet absorptivity of leachates at 254 nm. Peak alpha' and peak alpha are attributed to a mixture of xenobiotic organic compounds with low molecular weight and relatively stable aromatic fulvic-like matters with high molecular weight, respectively. Humic substances are more resistant to biodegradation than xenobiotic organic compounds, so a significant reduction in the Ialpha'/Ialpha values (fluorescence intensity ratios of peak alpha' and peak a) of leachate A was observed during treatment processes. However, no evident variation for the Ialpha/Ialpha values of leachate B was found during treatment processes owing to the low concentrations of xenobiotic organic compounds in leachate B after incineration.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100871, China
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Chia MW, Tay YK, Liu TT. Phrynoderma: a forgotten entity in a developed country. Singapore Med J 2008; 49:e160-e162. [PMID: 18581010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phrynoderma is a type of follicular hyperkeratosis attributed to various nutritional deficiencies, most notably vitamin A. We report a case of a 31-year-old mentally-deficient man who was a resident of a voluntary welfare nursing home. He presented with characteristic hyperkeratotic follicular papules on his trunk in a setting of low serum level of vitamin A and malnutrition. Although commonly seen in South and East Asia, it is rarely reported in Singapore. However, there is still a population at risk here--patients with malabsorption and eating disorders, and institutionalised persons. Phrynoderma should, therefore, be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with hyperkeratotic folliculitis, especially when malnutrition is also present.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Chia
- Division of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, 2 Simei Street 3, Singapore.
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