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Chauvin M, Meinsohn MC, Dasari S, May P, Iyer S, Nguyen NMP, Oliva E, Lucchini Z, Nagykery N, Kashiwagi A, Mishra R, Maser R, Wells J, Bult CJ, Mitra AK, Donahoe PK, Pépin D. Cancer-associated mesothelial cells are regulated by the anti-Müllerian hormone axis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112730. [PMID: 37453057 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated mesothelial cells (CAMCs) in the tumor microenvironment are thought to promote growth and immune evasion. We find that, in mouse and human ovarian tumors, cancer cells express anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) while CAMCs express its receptor AMHR2, suggesting a paracrine axis. Factors secreted by cancer cells induce AMHR2 expression during their reprogramming into CAMCs in mouse and human in vitro models. Overexpression of AMHR2 in the Met5a mesothelial cell line is sufficient to induce expression of immunosuppressive cytokines and growth factors that stimulate ovarian cancer cell growth in an AMH-dependent way. Finally, syngeneic cancer cells implanted in transgenic mice with Amhr2-/- CAMCs grow significantly slower than in wild-type hosts. The cytokine profile of Amhr2-/- tumor-bearing mice is altered and their tumors express less immune checkpoint markers programmed-cell-death 1 (PD1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4). Taken together, these data suggest that the AMH/AMHR2 axis plays a critical role in regulating the pro-tumoral function of CAMCs in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chauvin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M-C Meinsohn
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Dasari
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - P May
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Iyer
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - N M P Nguyen
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Oliva
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Z Lucchini
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Nagykery
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Kashiwagi
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Mishra
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - R Maser
- Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - J Wells
- Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - C J Bult
- Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - A K Mitra
- Indiana University School of Medicine-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Patricia K Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D Pépin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Mouse Genome Informatics, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
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António JPM, Gandioso A, Nemati F, Soliman N, Vinck R, Sun F, Robert C, Burckel P, Decaudin D, Thomas CM, Gasser G. Polymeric encapsulation of a ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complex: from synthesis to in vivo studies against high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:362-371. [PMID: 36687351 PMCID: PMC9811505 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05693c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro to in vivo translation of metal-based cytotoxic drugs has proven to be a significant hurdle in their establishment as effective anti-cancer alternatives. Various nano-delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles, have been explored to address the pharmacokinetic limitations associated with the use of these complexes. However, these systems often suffer from poor stability or involve complex synthetic procedures. To circumvent these problems, we report here a simple, one-pot procedure for the preparation of covalently-attached Ru-polylactide nanoparticles. This methodology relies on the ring-opening polymerization of lactide initiated by a calcium alkoxide derivative formed from calcium bis(trimethylsilyl amide) and a hydroxyl-bearing ruthenium complex. This procedure proceeds with high efficiency (near-quantitative incorporation of Ru in the polymer) and enables the preparation of polymers with varying molecular weights (2000-11000 Da) and high drug loadings (up to 68% w/w). These polymers were formulated as narrowly dispersed nanoparticles (110 nm) that exhibited a slow and predictable release of the ruthenium payload. Unlike standard encapsulation methods routinely used, the release kinetics of these nanoparticles is controlled and may be adjusted on demand, by tuning the size of the polymer chain. In terms of cytotoxicity, the nanoparticles were assessed in the ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and displayed potency comparable to cisplatin and the free drug, in the low micromolar range. Interestingly, the activity was maintained when tested in a cisplatin-resistant cell line, suggesting a possible orthogonal mechanism of action. Additionally, the internalization in tumour cells was found to be significantly higher than the free ruthenium complex (>200 times in some cases), clearly showcasing the added benefit in the drug's cellular permeation and accumulation of the drug. Finally, the in vivo performance was evaluated for the first time in mice. The experiments showed that the intravenously injected nanoparticles were well tolerated and were able to significantly improve the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the parent drug. Not only was the nanosystem able to promote an 18-fold increase in tumour accumulation, but it also allowed a considerable reduction of drug accumulation in vital organs, achieving, for example, reduction levels of 90% and 97% in the brain and lungs respectively. In summary, this simple and efficient one-pot procedure enables the generation of stable and predictable nanoparticles capable of improving the cellular penetration and systemic accumulation of the Ru drug in the tumour. Altogether, these results showcase the potential of covalently-loaded ruthenium polylactide nanoparticles and pave the way for its exploitation and application as a viable tool in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- João P. M. António
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology75005 ParisFrancehttps://www.gassergroup.com,Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris75005 ParisFrancehttps://www.ircp.cnrs.fr/la-recherche/equipe-cocp/
| | - Albert Gandioso
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology75005 ParisFrancehttps://www.gassergroup.com
| | - Fariba Nemati
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, PSL University, Institut Curie26 rue d'UlmParis 75248France
| | - Nancy Soliman
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology75005 ParisFrancehttps://www.gassergroup.com,Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris75005 ParisFrancehttps://www.ircp.cnrs.fr/la-recherche/equipe-cocp/
| | - Robin Vinck
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology75005 ParisFrancehttps://www.gassergroup.com
| | - Fan Sun
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris75005 ParisFrance
| | - Carine Robert
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris75005 ParisFrancehttps://www.ircp.cnrs.fr/la-recherche/equipe-cocp/
| | - Pierre Burckel
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRSF-75005 ParisFrance
| | - Didier Decaudin
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of Preclinical Investigation, PSL University, Institut Curie26 rue d'UlmParis 75248France,Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie26 rue d'UlmParis 75248France
| | - Christophe M. Thomas
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris75005 ParisFrancehttps://www.ircp.cnrs.fr/la-recherche/equipe-cocp/
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology75005 ParisFrancehttps://www.gassergroup.com
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Idlas P, Ladaycia A, Némati F, Lepeltier E, Pigeon P, Jaouen G, Decaudin D, Passirani C. Ferrocifen stealth LNCs and conventional chemotherapy: A promising combination against multidrug-resistant ovarian adenocarcinoma. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122164. [PMID: 36089209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest epithelial malignancies in women, owing to the multidrug resistance that restricts the success of conventional chemotherapy, carboplatin and paclitaxel. High grade serous ovarian carcinoma can be classified into two subtypes, the chemosensitive High OXPHOS and the Low OXPHOS tumour, less sensitive to chemotherapy. This difference of treatment efficacy could be explained by the redox status of these tumours, High OXPHOS exhibiting a chronic oxidative stress and an accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Ferrocifens, bio-organometallic compounds, are believed to be ROS producers with a good cytotoxicity on ovarian cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of ferrocifen stealth lipid nanocapsules on High and Low OXPHOS ovarian Patient-Derived Xenograft models, alone or in combination to standard chemotherapy. Accordingly, two ferrocifens, P53 and P722, were encapsulated in stealth LNCs. The treatment by stealth P722-LNCs in combination with standard chemotherapy induced, with a concentration eight time lower than in stealth P53-LNCs, similar tumour reduction on a Low OXPHOS model, allowing us to conclude that P722 could be a leading ferrocifen to treat ovarian cancer. This combination of treatments may represent a promising synergistic approach to treat resistant ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Idlas
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Angers, France
| | - Abdallah Ladaycia
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Angers, France
| | - Fariba Némati
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of preclinical Investigation, PSL University, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Angers, France
| | - Pascal Pigeon
- PSL Chimie Paris Tech, 11 rue P. et M. Curie and Sorbonne Université IPCM, CNRS, UMR 8232, IPCM, Paris 75005, France
| | - Gerard Jaouen
- PSL Chimie Paris Tech, 11 rue P. et M. Curie and Sorbonne Université IPCM, CNRS, UMR 8232, IPCM, Paris 75005, France
| | - Didier Decaudin
- Translational Research Department, Laboratory of preclinical Investigation, PSL University, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, Paris 75248, France
| | - Catherine Passirani
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, INSERM 1066, CNRS 6021, Angers, France
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Chauvin M, Garambois V, Choblet S, Colombo PE, Chentouf M, Gros L, De Brauwere DP, Duonor-Cerutti M, Dumas K, Robert B, Jarlier M, Martineau P, Navarro-Teulon I, Pépin D, Chardès T, Pèlegrin A. Anti-Müllerian hormone concentration regulates activin receptor-like kinase-2/3 expression levels with opposing effects on ovarian cancer cell survival. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:43. [PMID: 34013359 PMCID: PMC8131086 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti‑Müllerian hormone (AMH) type II receptor (AMHRII) and the AMH/AMHRII signaling pathway are potential therapeutic targets in ovarian carcinoma. Conversely, the role of the three AMH type I receptors (AMHRIs), namely activin receptor‑like kinase (ALK)2, ALK3 and ALK6, in ovarian cancer remains to be clarified. To determine the respective roles of these three AMHRIs, the present study used four ovarian cancer cell lines (COV434‑AMHRII, SKOV3‑AMHRII, OVCAR8, KGN) and primary cells isolated from tumor ascites from patients with ovarian cancer. The results demonstrated that ALK2 and ALK3 may be the two main AMHRIs involved in AMH signaling at physiological endogenous and supraphysiological exogenous AMH concentrations, respectively. Supraphysiological AMH concentrations (25 nM recombinant AMH) were associated with apoptosis in all four cell lines and decreased clonogenic survival in COV434‑AMHRII and SKOV3‑AMHRII cells. These biological effects were induced via ALK3 recruitment by AMHRII, as ALK3‑AMHRII dimerization was favored at increasing AMH concentrations. By contrast, ALK2 was associated with AMHRII at physiological endogenous concentrations of AMH (10 pM). Based on these results, tetravalent IgG1‑like bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) against AMHRII and ALK2, and against AMHRII and ALK3 were designed and evaluated. In vivo, COV434‑AMHRII tumor cell xenograft growth was significantly reduced in all BsAb‑treated groups compared with that in the vehicle group (P=0.018 for BsAb 12G4‑3D7; P=0.001 for all other BsAbs). However, the growth of COV434‑AMHRII tumor cell xenografts was slower in mice treated with the anti‑AMRII‑ALK2 BsAb 12G4‑2F9 compared with that in animals that received a control BsAb that targeted AMHRII and CD5 (P=0.048). These results provide new insights into type I receptor specificity in AMH signaling pathways and may lead to an innovative therapeutic approach to modulate AMH signaling using anti‑AMHRII/anti‑AMHRI BsAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Chauvin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Véronique Garambois
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Choblet
- CNRS UPS3044 Baculovirus et Thérapie, F-30380 Saint-Christol-Lèz Alès, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Colombo
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Myriam Chentouf
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Gros
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Robert
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Jarlier
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, ICM, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Martineau
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Navarro-Teulon
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - David Pépin
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Thierry Chardès
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
| | - André Pèlegrin
- IRCM, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Université de Montpellier, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier, F-34298 Montpellier, France
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Prat M, Salon M, Allain T, Dubreuil O, Noël G, Preisser L, Jean B, Cassard L, Lemée F, Tabah-Fish I, Pipy B, Jeannin P, Prost JF, Barret JM, Coste A. Murlentamab, a Low Fucosylated Anti-Müllerian Hormone Type II Receptor (AMHRII) Antibody, Exhibits Anti-Tumor Activity through Tumor-Associated Macrophage Reprogrammation and T Cell Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081845. [PMID: 33924378 PMCID: PMC8070390 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary AMHRII, the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor, is selectively expressed in normal sexual organs in healthy adults but is also re-expressed in ovarian, colorectal and lung cancers. In this context, we developed murlentamab, a humanized glyco-engineered anti-AMHRII monoclonal antibody, currently in clinical trial. Preliminary data suggest that murlentamab anti-tumor activity involves immune response activation. Thus, in vitro experiments were performed to precisely characterize the murlentamab effect on the human immune system. We show that murlentamab treatment is associated with evidences of innate and adaptive immune cell activation in cancer patient samples. Moreover, we demonstrate that the murlentamab opsonization of AMHRII-expressing ovarian tumor cells promotes a polarization switch of both naïve and tumor-associated macrophages towards an anti-tumor M1-like phenotype. Our work also supports that, through macrophage reeducation, murlentamab activates an anti-tumor adaptive immune response. Finally, the combination of murlentamab with pembrolizumab confirmed novel clinical perspectives of murlentamab association with checkpoint inhibitors and other immuno-modulators. Abstract AMHRII, the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor, is selectively expressed in normal sexual organs but is also re-expressed in gynecologic cancers. Hence, we developed murlentamab, a humanized glyco-engineered anti-AMHRII monoclonal antibody currently in clinical trial. Low-fucosylated antibodies are known to increase the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) potency of effector cells, but some preliminary results suggest a more global murlentamab-dependent activation of the immune system. In this context, we demonstrate here that the murlentamab opsonization of AMHRII-expressing ovarian tumor cells, in the presence of unstimulated- or tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-like macrophages, significantly promotes macrophage-mediated ADCC and shifts the whole microenvironment towards a pro-inflammatory and anti-tumoral status, thus triggering anti-tumor activity. We also report that murlentamab orients both unstimulated- and TAM-like macrophages to an M1-like phenotype characterized by a strong expression of co-stimulation markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, favoring T cell recruitment and activation. Moreover, we show that murlentamab treatment shifts CD4+ Th1/Th2 balance towards a Th1 response and activates CD8+ T cells. Altogether, these results suggest that murlentamab, through naïve macrophage orientation and TAM reprogrammation, stimulates the anti-tumor adaptive immune response. Those mechanisms might contribute to the sustained clinical benefit observed in advanced cancer patients treated with murlentamab. Finally, the enhanced murlentamab activity in combination with pembrolizumab opens new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Prat
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.P.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Marie Salon
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.P.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (B.P.)
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, UPS, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Allain
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.P.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Olivier Dubreuil
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Grégory Noël
- Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Laurence Preisser
- Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, CHU Angers, Inserm, CRCINA, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France; (L.P.); (P.J.)
| | - Bérangère Jean
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Lydie Cassard
- Laboratory of Immunomonitoring in Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94905 Villejuif, France;
| | - Fanny Lemée
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Isabelle Tabah-Fish
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Bernard Pipy
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.P.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (B.P.)
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, UPS, 31100 Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Jeannin
- Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, CHU Angers, Inserm, CRCINA, SFR ICAT, 49000 Angers, France; (L.P.); (P.J.)
| | - Jean-François Prost
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Jean-Marc Barret
- GamaMabs Pharma, 31106 Toulouse, France; (O.D.); (B.J.); (F.L.); (J.-F.P.); (J.-M.B.)
| | - Agnès Coste
- UMR 152 Pharma Dev, Université de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France; (M.P.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (B.P.)
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, EFS, UPS, 31100 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-534-609-501
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The Expression of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Type II Receptor (AMHRII) in Non-Gynecological Solid Tumors Offers Potential for Broad Therapeutic Intervention in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040305. [PMID: 33917111 PMCID: PMC8067808 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Until now, only a few studies have examined the AMHRII expression in tumors. Here, with more than 1000 tumor samples and using several complementary techniques we confirmed AMHRII expression in gynecological cancer and demonstrated AMHRII expression in certain non-gynecological cancers such as colorectal cancers. These findings open the way for new therapeutic approaches targeting AMHRII and emphasize the need to better understand the role of AMH/AMHRII in cancer. Abstract The anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) belongs to the TGF-β family and plays a key role during fetal sexual development. Various reports have described the expression of AMH type II receptor (AMHRII) in human gynecological cancers including ovarian tumors. According to qRT-PCR results confirmed by specific In-Situ Hybridization (ISH) experiments, AMHRII mRNA is expressed in an extremely restricted number of normal tissues. By performing ISH on tissue microarray of solid tumor samples AMHRII mRNA was unexpectedly detected in several non-gynecological primary cancers including lung, breast, head and neck, and colorectal cancers. AMHRII protein expression, evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) was detected in approximately 70% of epithelial ovarian cancers. Using the same IHC protocol on more than 900 frozen samples covering 18 different cancer types we detected AMHRII expression in more than 50% of hepato-carcinomas, colorectal, lung, and renal cancer samples. AMHRII expression was not observed in neuroendocrine lung tumor samples nor in non-Hodgkin lymphoma samples. Complementary analyses by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry confirmed the detection of AMHRII on a panel of ovarian and colorectal cancers displaying comparable expression levels with mean values of 39,000 and 50,000 AMHRII receptors per cell, respectively. Overall, our results suggest that this embryonic receptor could be a suitable target for treating AMHRII-expressing tumors with an anti-AMHRII selective agent such as murlentamab, also named 3C23K or GM102. This potential therapeutic intervention was confirmed in vivo by showing antitumor activity of murlentamab against AMHRII-expressing colorectal cancer and hepatocarcinoma Patient-Derived tumor Xenografts (PDX) models.
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7
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Fogg KC, Miller AE, Li Y, Flanigan W, Walker A, O'Shea A, Kendziorski C, Kreeger PK. Ovarian cancer cells direct monocyte differentiation through a non-canonical pathway. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:1008. [PMID: 33069212 PMCID: PMC7568422 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07513-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternatively-activated macrophages (AAMs), an anti-inflammatory macrophage subpopulation, have been implicated in the progression of high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Increased levels of AAMs are correlated with poor HGSOC survival rates, and AAMs increase the attachment and spread of HGSOC cells in vitro. However, the mechanism by which monocytes in the HGSOC tumor microenvironment are differentiated and polarized to AAMs remains unknown. METHODS Using an in vitro co-culture device, we cultured naïve, primary human monocytes with a panel of five HGSOC cell lines over the course of 7 days. An empirical Bayesian statistical method, EBSeq, was used to couple RNA-seq with observed monocyte-derived cell phenotype to explore which HGSOC-derived soluble factors supported differentiation to CD68+ macrophages and subsequent polarization towards CD163+ AAMs. Pathways of interest were interrogated using small molecule inhibitors, neutralizing antibodies, and CRISPR knockout cell lines. RESULTS HGSOC cell lines displayed a wide range of abilities to generate AAMs from naïve monocytes. Much of this variation appeared to result from differential ability to generate CD68+ macrophages, as most CD68+ cells were also CD163+. Differences in tumor cell potential to generate macrophages was not due to a MCSF-dependent mechanism, nor variance in established pro-AAM factors. TGFα was implicated as a potential signaling molecule produced by tumor cells that could induce macrophage differentiation, which was validated using a CRISPR knockout of TGFA in the OVCAR5 cell line. CONCLUSIONS HGSOC production of TGFα drives monocytes to differentiate into macrophages, representing a central arm of the mechanism by which AAMs are generated in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin C Fogg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 4553, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrew E Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 4553, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Will Flanigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 4553, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Alyssa Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 4553, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrea O'Shea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christina Kendziorski
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Pamela K Kreeger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave, WIMR 4553, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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8
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Prat M, Le Naour A, Coulson K, Lemée F, Leray H, Jacquemin G, Rahabi MC, Lemaitre L, Authier H, Ferron G, Barret JM, Martinez A, Ayyoub M, Delord JP, Gladieff L, Tabah-Fisch I, Prost JF, Couderc B, Coste A. Circulating CD14 high CD16 low intermediate blood monocytes as a biomarker of ascites immune status and ovarian cancer progression. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000472. [PMID: 32503947 PMCID: PMC7279676 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Besides the interest of an early detection of ovarian cancer, there is an urgent need for new predictive and prognostic biomarkers of tumor development and cancer treatment. In healthy patients, circulating blood monocytes are typically subdivided into classical (85%), intermediate (5%) and non-classical (10%) populations. Although these circulating monocyte subsets have been suggested as biomarkers in several diseases, few studies have investigate their potential as a predictive signature for tumor immune status,tumor growth and treatment adaptation. METHODS In this study, we used a homogeneous cohort of 28 chemotherapy-naïve patients with ovarian cancer to evaluate monocyte subsets as biomarkers of the ascites immunological status. We evaluated the correlations between circulating monocyte subsets and immune cells and tumor burden in peritoneal ascites. Moreover, to validate the use of circulating monocyte subsets tofollow tumor progression and treatment response, we characterized blood monocytes from ovarian cancer patients included in a phase 1 clinical trial at baseline and following murlentamab treatment. RESULTS We demonstrate here a robust expansion of the intermediate blood monocytes (IBMs) in ovarian cancer patients. We establish a significant positive correlation between IBM percentage and tumor-associate macrophages with a CCR2high/CD163high/CD206high/CD86lowprofile. Moreover, IBM expansion is associated with a decreased effector/regulatory T-cell ratio in ascites and with the presence of soluble immunosuppressive mediators. We also establish that IBM proportion positively correlates with the peritoneum tumor burden. Finally, the study of IBMs in patients with ovarian cancer under immunotherapy during the phase clinical trial supports IBMs to follow the evolution of tumor development and the treatment adaptation. CONCLUSIONS This study, which links IBM level with immunosuppression and tumor burden in peritoneum, identifies IBMs as apotential predictive signature of ascites immune status and as a biomarker ofovarian cancer development and treatment response. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER EudraCT: 2015-004252-22 NCT02978755.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Prat
- UMR152 Pharmadev, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, Occitanie, France
- UMR152 Pharmadev, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Augustin Le Naour
- UMR152 Pharmadev, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, Occitanie, France
- UMR152 Pharmadev, IRD, Toulouse, France
- UMR1037, CRCT, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi, France
| | - Kimberley Coulson
- UMR152 Pharmadev, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, Occitanie, France
- UMR152 Pharmadev, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Lemée
- Gamamabs Pharma, Toulouse, Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi, France
| | - Hélène Leray
- UMR1037, CRCT, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi, France
| | - Godefroy Jacquemin
- UMR152 Pharmadev, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, Occitanie, France
- UMR152 Pharmadev, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Mouna Chirine Rahabi
- UMR152 Pharmadev, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, Occitanie, France
- UMR152 Pharmadev, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Léa Lemaitre
- UMR1037, CRCT, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi, France
| | - Hélène Authier
- UMR152 Pharmadev, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, Occitanie, France
- UMR152 Pharmadev, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwenaël Ferron
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi, France
| | | | - Alejandra Martinez
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi, France
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- UMR1037, CRCT, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi, France
| | - Laurence Gladieff
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi, France
| | | | | | - Bettina Couderc
- UMR1037, CRCT, Toulouse, Midi-Pyrénées, France
- Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT Oncopole, Toulouse, Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi, France
| | - Agnès Coste
- UMR152 Pharmadev, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, Occitanie, France
- UMR152 Pharmadev, IRD, Toulouse, France
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9
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Mazumder S, Swank V, Komar AA, Johnson JM, Tuohy VK. Immunotherapy of ovarian cancer with a monoclonal antibody specific for the extracellular domain of anti-Müllerian hormone receptor II. Oncotarget 2020; 11:1894-1910. [PMID: 32499873 PMCID: PMC7244012 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is the most prevalent and lethal form of ovarian cancer. The low five-year overall survival after EOC diagnosis indicates an urgent need for more effective ways to control this disease. Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 2 (AMHR2) is an ovarian protein overexpressed in the majority of human EOCs. We have previously found that vaccination against the ovarian-specific extracellular domain of AMHR2 (AMHR2-ED) significantly inhibits growth of murine EOCs through an IgG-mediated mechanism that agonizes receptor signaling of a Bax/caspase-3 dependent proapoptotic cascade. To determine if a single monoclonal antibody (mAb) could inhibit growth of human EOC, we generated a panel of mAbs specific for recombinant human AMHR2-ED and characterized a candidate mAb for humanization and use in clinical trials. We found that our candidate 4D12G1 mAb is an IgG1 that shows high affinity antigen-specific binding to the 7-mer 20KTLGELL26 sequence of AMHR2-ED that facilitates induction of programmed cell death in EOC cells. Most importantly, the 4D12G1 mAb significantly inhibits growth of primary human EOCs in patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) by inducing direct apoptosis of EOC tumors. Our results support the view that a humanized 4D12G1 mAb may be a much needed and effective reagent for passive immunotherapy of human EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suparna Mazumder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Valerie Swank
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anton A Komar
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Justin M Johnson
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vincent K Tuohy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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10
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Yousefzadeh Y, Hallaj S, Baghi Moornani M, Asghary A, Azizi G, Hojjat-Farsangi M, Ghalamfarsa G, Jadidi-Niaragh F. Tumor associated macrophages in the molecular pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106471. [PMID: 32305830 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a critical factor that enhances cancer progression, drug resistance, and failure of therapeutic approaches. Several cellular and non-cellular factors are involved in cancer promotion. Among the several cell populations in the tumor microenvironment, macrophages, as one of the most abundant innate immune cells within the tumor milieu, have attracted extensive attention among several researchers because of their critical role in innate pathophysiology of multiple disorders, as well as ovarian cancer. High plasticity and consequent high ability to adapt to environmental alternations by adjusting their cellular metabolism and immunological phenotype is the notable characteristic of macrophages. Therefore, the critical function of tumor-associated macrophages in ovarian cancer is highlighted in the growing body of recent studies. In this article, we will comprehensively focus on significant impacts of the macrophages on ovarian cancer progression, by discussing the role of macrophages as one of the fundamental immune cells present in tumor milieu, in metabolic reprogramming of transformed cells, and involvement of these cells in the ovarian cancer initiation, progression, invasion, and angiogenesis. Moreover, we will summarise recent studies evaluating the effects of targeting macrophages in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Yousefzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahin Hallaj
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Baghi Moornani
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Asghary
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi
- Bioclinicum, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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11
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de Romeuf C. [EMABling ®, a technology boosting the effector function of monoclonal antibodies: history and clinical applications twenty years after the discovery]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 35:1160-1162. [PMID: 31903931 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Rak AY, Trofimov AV, Ischenko AM. Anti-mullerian hormone receptor type II as a Potential Target for Antineoplastic Therapy. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES B: BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750819030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Bercovici N, Guérin MV, Trautmann A, Donnadieu E. The Remarkable Plasticity of Macrophages: A Chance to Fight Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1563. [PMID: 31354719 PMCID: PMC6640155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) found in most advanced tumors have a pro-tumoral role. In this context, TAM limit the activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and a number of mechanisms have been described including a trapping in the stroma, impeding TIL to reach malignant cells. Based on these results, a number of therapeutic approaches have been designed to deplete TAM. However, during tumor regression induced by immunotherapeutic treatments, recent studies revealed that TAM can switch from pro-tumoral to anti-tumoral and actively cooperate with TIL. Here, we will review the two faces of TAM in their interaction with TIL. We will summarize how they can inhibit T cell activities in growing tumors, and how they may also, together with T cells, successfully contribute to tumor eradication after an appropriate stimulation. Finally, we will discuss current promising therapies combining TAM reprogramming with T cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Bercovici
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marion V. Guérin
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alain Trautmann
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Donnadieu
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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14
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Rak AY, Trofimov AV, Ischenko AM. [Mullerian inhibiting substance type II receptor as a potential target for antineoplastic therapy]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 65:202-213. [PMID: 31258143 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196503202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The review considers properties of the type II anti-Mullerian hormone receptor (mullerian inhibiting substance receptor type II, MISRII), a transmembrane sensor with its own serine/threonine protein kinase activity, triggering apoptosis of the Mullerian ducts in mammalian embryogenesis and providing formation of the male type reproductive system. According to recent data, MISRII overexpression in the postnatal period is found in cells of a number of ovarian, mammary gland, and prostate tumors, and anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has a pro-apoptotic effect on MISRII-positive tumor cells. This fact makes MISRII a potential target for targeted anti-cancer therapy. Treatment based on targeting MISRII seems to be a much more effective alternative to the traditional one and will significantly reduce the drug dose. However, the mechanism of MISRII-AMH interaction is still poorly understood, so the development of new anticancer drugs is complicated. The review analyzes MISRII molecular structure and expression levels in various tissues and cell lines, as well as current understanding of the AMH binding mechanisms and data on the possibility of using MISRII as a target for the action of AMH-based antineoplastic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ya Rak
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Trofimov
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - A M Ischenko
- State Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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