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Kim H, Son S, Ko Y, Lim H, Lee J, Lee KM, Shin I. CYR61 confers chemoresistance by upregulating survivin expression in triple-negative breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2024; 45:510-519. [PMID: 38446998 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) is a protein from the CCN family of matricellular proteins that play diverse regulatory roles in the extracellular matrix. CYR61 is involved in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence. Here, we show that CYR61 induces chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We observed that CYR61 is overexpressed in TNBC patients, and CYR61 expression correlates negatively with the survival of patients who receive chemotherapy. CYR61 knockdown reduced cell migration, sphere formation and the cancer stem cell (CSC) population and increased the chemosensitivity of TNBC cells. Mechanistically, CYR61 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling and increased survivin expression, which are associated with chemoresistance, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and CSC-like phenotypes. Altogether, our study demonstrates a novel function of CYR61 in chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seogho Son
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Yunhyo Ko
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Hogeun Lim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Natural Science Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Incheol Shin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Natural Science Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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2
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Taylor J, Dubois F, Bergot E, Levallet G. Targeting the Hippo pathway to prevent radioresistance brain metastases from the lung (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 65:68. [PMID: 38785155 PMCID: PMC11155713 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The prognosis for patients with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a cancer type which represents 85% of all lung cancers, is poor with a 5‑year survival rate of 19%, mainly because NSCLC is diagnosed at an advanced and metastatic stage. Despite recent therapeutic advancements, ~50% of patients with NSCLC will develop brain metastases (BMs). Either surgical BM treatment alone for symptomatic patients and patients with single cerebral metastases, or in combination with stereotactic radiotherapy (RT) for patients who are not suitable for surgery or presenting with fewer than four cerebral lesions with a diameter range of 5‑30 mm, or whole‑brain RT for numerous or large BMs can be administered. However, radioresistance (RR) invariably prevents the action of RT. Several mechanisms of RR have been described including hypoxia, cellular stress, presence of cancer stem cells, dysregulation of apoptosis and/or autophagy, dysregulation of the cell cycle, changes in cellular metabolism, epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition, overexpression of programmed cell death‑ligand 1 and activation several signaling pathways; however, the role of the Hippo signaling pathway in RR is unclear. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway in NSCLC confers metastatic properties, and inhibitors targeting this pathway are currently in development. It is therefore essential to evaluate the effect of inhibiting the Hippo pathway, particularly the effector yes‑associated protein‑1, on cerebral metastases originating from lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Taylor
- University of Caen Normandy, National Center for Scientific Research, Normandy University, Unit of Imaging and Therapeutic Strategies for Cancers and Cerebral Tissues (ISTCT)-UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
| | - Fatéméh Dubois
- University of Caen Normandy, National Center for Scientific Research, Normandy University, Unit of Imaging and Therapeutic Strategies for Cancers and Cerebral Tissues (ISTCT)-UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
- Departments of Pathology, and Thoracic Oncology, Caen University Hospital, F-14033 Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Bergot
- University of Caen Normandy, National Center for Scientific Research, Normandy University, Unit of Imaging and Therapeutic Strategies for Cancers and Cerebral Tissues (ISTCT)-UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
- Departments of Pneumology and Thoracic Oncology, Caen University Hospital, F-14033 Caen, France
| | - Guénaëlle Levallet
- University of Caen Normandy, National Center for Scientific Research, Normandy University, Unit of Imaging and Therapeutic Strategies for Cancers and Cerebral Tissues (ISTCT)-UMR6030, GIP CYCERON, F-14074 Caen, France
- Departments of Pathology, and Thoracic Oncology, Caen University Hospital, F-14033 Caen, France
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3
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Jung O, Baek MJ, Wooldrik C, Johnson KR, Fisher KW, Lou J, Ricks TJ, Wen T, Best MD, Cryns VL, Anderson RA, Choi S. Nuclear phosphoinositide signaling promotes YAP/TAZ-TEAD transcriptional activity in breast cancer. EMBO J 2024; 43:1740-1769. [PMID: 38565949 PMCID: PMC11066040 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway effectors Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and its homolog TAZ are transcriptional coactivators that control gene expression by binding to TEA domain (TEAD) family transcription factors. The YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex is a key regulator of cancer-specific transcriptional programs, which promote tumor progression in diverse types of cancer, including breast cancer. Despite intensive efforts, the YAP/TAZ-TEAD complex in cancer has remained largely undruggable due to an incomplete mechanistic understanding. Here, we report that nuclear phosphoinositides function as cofactors that mediate the binding of YAP/TAZ to TEADs. The enzymatic products of phosphoinositide kinases PIPKIα and IPMK, including phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (P(I3,4,5)P3), bridge the binding of YAP/TAZ to TEAD. Inhibiting these kinases or the association of YAP/TAZ with PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 attenuates YAP/TAZ interaction with the TEADs, the expression of YAP/TAZ target genes, and breast cancer cell motility. Although we could not conclusively exclude the possibility that other enzymatic products of IPMK such as inositol phosphates play a role in the mechanism, our results point to a previously unrecognized role of nuclear phosphoinositide signaling in control of YAP/TAZ activity and implicate this pathway as a potential therapeutic target in YAP/TAZ-driven breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oisun Jung
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Min-Jeong Baek
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Colin Wooldrik
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Keith R Johnson
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kurt W Fisher
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jinchao Lou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Tanei J Ricks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, 3744 Walker Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Tianmu Wen
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael D Best
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Vincent L Cryns
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard A Anderson
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suyong Choi
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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4
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Che PP, Gregori A, Bergonzini C, Ali M, Mantini G, Schmidt T, Finamore F, Rodrigues SMF, Frampton AE, McDonnell LA, Danen EH, Slotman BJ, Sminia P, Giovannetti E. Differential Sensitivity to Ionizing Radiation in Gemcitabine-Resistant and Paclitaxel-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1328-1343. [PMID: 37914140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Chemoresistance remains a major challenge in treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although chemoradiation has proven effective in other tumor types, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, its role in PDAC and effect on acquired chemoresistance have yet to be fully explored. In this study, we investigated the sensitivity of gemcitabine-resistant (GR) and paclitaxel-resistant (PR) PDAC cells to ionizing radiation (IR) and their underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND MATERIALS GR and PR clones were generated from PANC-1, PATU-T, and SUIT2-007 pancreatic cancer cell lines. Cell survival after radiation was assessed using clonogenic assay, sulforhodamine B assay, apoptosis, and spheroid growth by bioluminescence. Radiation-induced DNA damage was assessed using Western blot, extra-long polymerase chain reaction, reactive oxygen species production, and immunofluorescence. Autophagy and modulation of the Hippo signaling pathway were investigated using proteomics, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS In both 2- and 3-dimensional settings, PR cells were more sensitive to IR and showed decreased β-globin amplification, indicating more DNA damage accumulation compared with GR or wild-type cells after 24 hours. Proteomic analysis of PR PATU-T cells revealed that the protein MST4, a kinase involved in autophagy and the Hippo signaling pathway, was highly downregulated. A differential association was found between autophagy and radiation treatment depending on the cell model. Interestingly, increased yes-associated protein nuclear localization and downstream Hippo signaling pathway target gene expression were observed in response to IR. CONCLUSIONS This was the first study investigating the potential of IR in targeting PDAC cells with acquired chemoresistance. Our results demonstrate that PR cells exhibit enhanced sensitivity to IR due to greater accumulation of DNA damage. Additionally, depending on the specific cellular context, radiation-induced modulation of autophagy and the Hippo signaling pathway emerged as potential underlying mechanisms, findings with potential to inform personalized treatment strategies for patients with acquired chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Pei Che
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Gregori
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bergonzini
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mahsoem Ali
- Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giulia Mantini
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, Italy
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Physics of Life Processes, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stephanie M Fraga Rodrigues
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adam E Frampton
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Erik H Danen
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ben J Slotman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Sminia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Fondazione Pisana per La Scienza, San Giuliano Terme, Italy.
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5
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Levis M, Gastino A, De Giorgi G, Mantovani C, Bironzo P, Mangherini L, Ricci AA, Ricardi U, Cassoni P, Bertero L. Modern Stereotactic Radiotherapy for Brain Metastases from Lung Cancer: Current Trends and Future Perspectives Based on Integrated Translational Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4622. [PMID: 37760591 PMCID: PMC10526239 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BMs) represent the most frequent metastatic event in the course of lung cancer patients, occurring in approximately 50% of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and in up to 70% in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Thus far, many advances have been made in the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, allowing improvements in the prognosis of these patients. The modern approach relies on the integration of several factors, such as accurate histological and molecular profiling, comprehensive assessment of clinical parameters and precise definition of the extent of intracranial and extracranial disease involvement. The combination of these factors is pivotal to guide the multidisciplinary discussion and to offer the most appropriate treatment to these patients based on a personalized approach. Focal radiotherapy (RT), in all its modalities (radiosurgery (SRS), fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), adjuvant stereotactic radiotherapy (aSRT)), is the cornerstone of BM management, either alone or in combination with surgery and systemic therapies. We review the modern therapeutic strategies available to treat lung cancer patients with brain involvement. This includes an accurate review of the different technical solutions which can be exploited to provide a "state-of-art" focal RT and also a detailed description of the systemic agents available as effective alternatives to SRS/SRT when a targetable molecular driver is present. In addition to the validated treatment options, we also discuss the future perspective for focal RT, based on emerging clinical reports (e.g., SRS for patients with many BMs from NSCLC or SRS for BMs from SCLC), together with a presentation of innovative and promising findings in translational research and the combination of novel targeted agents with SRS/SRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Levis
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.); (G.D.G.); (C.M.); (U.R.)
| | - Alessio Gastino
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.); (G.D.G.); (C.M.); (U.R.)
| | - Greta De Giorgi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.); (G.D.G.); (C.M.); (U.R.)
| | - Cristina Mantovani
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.); (G.D.G.); (C.M.); (U.R.)
| | - Paolo Bironzo
- Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy;
| | - Luca Mangherini
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessia Andrea Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Umberto Ricardi
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (M.L.); (A.G.); (G.D.G.); (C.M.); (U.R.)
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.C.)
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (L.M.); (A.A.R.); (P.C.)
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6
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Zhuang Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Li S, Du S, Li G. Yes-Associated Protein 1 Inhibition Induces Immunogenic Cell Death and Synergizes With Radiation and PD-1 Blockade. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 116:894-905. [PMID: 36608830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Danger signals released by ionizing radiation (IR) can theoretically stimulate immune activation in the tumor environment (TME), but IR alone is not sufficient to induce an effective immune response in clinical practice. In this study, we investigated whether inhibition of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) could induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) and whether the combination of YAP1 inhibition with IR could increase in vivo immune infiltration and thereby boost a tumor response to immunotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS First, the expression of ICD markers, markers of T-cell activation, and key proteins involved in innate immune signaling were measured after YAP1 inhibition. Next, the expression level of YAP1 protein was measured after different doses of IR. Then, the antitumor effect of YAP1 inhibition combined with IR was investigated in vivo, and the immune status of the TME was evaluated. Finally, the efficacy of a triple therapy including YAP1 inhibition combined with IR and programmed cell death protein 1 blockade in the treatment of resistant tumors was determined. RESULTS We found that YAP1 inhibition induced ICD and increased the levels of antigen presentation machinery, effectively causing the activation of T cells. Mechanistically, YAP1 inhibition induced cell DNA damage and activated the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. Surprisingly, IR upregulated YAP1 expression. IR combined with YAP1 inhibition significantly inhibited cancer growth and prolonged survival, which was related to the augmented infiltration, activation, and function of CD8+ T cells in the TME. Moreover, the addition of YAP1 inhibition significantly improved the efficacy of pancreatic cancer treatment when neither radiation nor programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitors were ideal. CONCLUSIONS YAP1 inhibition could trigger ICD and is a potential approach to potentiating the therapeutic efficacy of radiation therapy and anti-PD1 immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuzi Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Proton Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sihan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuyan Du
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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7
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Patrick S, Lathoria K, Suri V, Sen E. Reduced YAP1 and FOLR1 in gliomas predict better response to chemotherapeutics. Cell Signal 2023:110738. [PMID: 37269960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas harbouring mutations in IDH1 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1) are characterized by greater sensitivity to chemotherapeutics. These mutants also exhibit diminished levels of transcriptional coactivator YAP1 (yes-associated protein 1). Enhanced DNA damage in IDH1 mutant cells, as evidenced by γH2AX formation (phosphorylation of histone variant H2A.X) and ATM (serine/threonine kinase; ataxia telangiectasia mutated) phosphorylation, was accompanied by reduced FOLR1 (folate receptor 1) expression. Diminished FOLR1, concomitant with heightened γH2AX levels, was also observed in patient-derived IDH1 mutant glioma tissues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation, overexpression of mutant YAP1, and treatment with YAP1-TEAD (TEA domain transcription factors) complex inhibitor verteporfin demonstrated regulation of FOLR1 expression by YAP1 and its partner transcription factor TEAD2. TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data analysis demonstrated better patient survival with reduced FOLR1 expression. Depletion of FOLR1 rendered IDH1 wild-type gliomas more susceptible to temozolomide-mediated death. Despite heightened DNA damage, IDH1 mutants exhibited reduced levels of IL6 (interleukin 6) and IL8 (interleukin 8) - pro-inflammatory cytokines known to be associated with persistent DNA damage. While both FOLR1 and YAP1 influenced DNA damage, only YAP1 was involved in regulating IL6 and IL8. ESTIMATE and CIBERSORTx analyses revealed the association between YAP1 expression and immune cell infiltration in gliomas. By identifying the influence of YAP1-FOLR1 link in DNA damage, our findings suggest that simultaneous depletion of both could amplify the potency of DNA damaging agents, while concomitantly reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and potentially affecting immune modulation. This study also highlights the novel role of FOLR1 as a probable prognostic marker in gliomas, predicting responsiveness to temozolomide and other DNA damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vaishali Suri
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ellora Sen
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar 122052, India.
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8
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Nguyen TMH, Lai YS, Chen YC, Lin TC, Nguyen NT, Chiu WT. Hypoxia-induced YAP activation and focal adhesion turnover to promote cell migration in mesenchymal TNBC cells. Cancer Med 2023; 12:9723-9737. [PMID: 36757143 PMCID: PMC10166962 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is commonly characterized by malignant tumors that promote the aggressiveness and metastatic potential of cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with approximately 46% capacity related to distant metastasis. Transcriptional factor yes-associated protein (YAP), a core component of the Hippo pathway, is associated with poor prognosis and outcome in cancer metastasis. Here, we explored the effect of hypoxia-mediated YAP activation and focal adhesions (FAs) turnover in mesenchymal TNBC cell migration. METHODS We characterized the effect of hypoxia on YAP in different breast cancer cell lines using a hypoxia chamber and CoCl2 . RESULTS Hypoxia-induced YAP nuclear translocation is significantly observed in normal breast epithelial cells, non-TNBC cells, mesenchymal TNBC cells, but not in basal-like TNBC cells. Functionally, we demonstrated that YAP activation was required for hypoxia to promote mesenchymal TNBC cell migration. Furthermore, hypoxia induced the localization of FAs at the leading edge of mesenchymal TNBC cells. In contrast, verteporfin (VP), a YAP inhibitor, significantly reduced the migration and the recruitment of nascent FAs at the cell periphery under hypoxia conditions, which only showed in mesenchymal TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that YAP is novel factor and positively responsible for hypoxia-promoting mesenchymal TNBC cell migration. Our findings provide further evidence and outcomes to help prevent the progression of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi My Hang Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shyun Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chien Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ngoc Thang Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Taiwan.,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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9
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Lacombe J, Zenhausern F. Effect of mechanical forces on cellular response to radiation. Radiother Oncol 2022; 176:187-198. [PMID: 36228760 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While the cellular interactions and biochemical signaling has been investigated for long and showed to play a major role in the cell's fate, it is now also evident that mechanical forces continuously applied to the cells in their microenvironment are as important for tissue homeostasis. Mechanical cues are emerging as key regulators of cellular drug response and we aimed to demonstrate in this review that such effects should also be considered vital for the cellular response to radiation. In order to explore the mechanobiology of the radiation response, we reviewed the main mechanoreceptors and transducers, including integrin-mediated adhesion, YAP/TAZ pathways, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, ion channels and G protein-coupled receptors and showed their implication in the modulation of cellular radiosensitivity. We then discussed the current studies that investigated a direct effect of mechanical stress, including extracellular matrix stiffness, shear stress and mechanical strain, on radiation response of cancer and normal cells and showed through preliminary results that such stress effectively can alter cell response after irradiation. However, we also highlighted the limitations of these studies and emphasized some of the contradictory data, demonstrating that the effect of mechanical cues could involve complex interactions and potential crosstalk with numerous cellular processes also affected by irradiation. Overall, mechanical forces alter radiation response and although additional studies are required to deeply understand the underlying mechanisms, these effects should not be neglected in radiation research as they could reveal new fundamental knowledge for predicting radiosensitivity or understanding resistance to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lacombe
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 475 North 5th Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine Phoenix, University of Arizona, 425 N 5th St, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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La Verde G, Artiola V, Pugliese M, La Commara M, Arrichiello C, Muto P, Netti PA, Fusco S, Panzetta V. Radiation therapy affects YAP expression and intracellular localization by modulating lamin A/C levels in breast cancer. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:969004. [PMID: 36091449 PMCID: PMC9450017 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.969004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of breast cancer actively participates in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. The changes observed in the architecture of the extracellular matrix initiate an oncogene-mediated cell reprogramming, that leads to a massive triggering of YAP nuclear entry, and, therefore, to cancer cell proliferation, invasion and probably to increased radiation-resistance. However, it is not yet fully understood how radiotherapy regulates the expression and subcellular localization of YAP in breast cancer cells experiencing different microenvironmental stiffnesses. To elucidate the role of extracellular matrix stiffness and ionizing radiations on YAP regulation, we explored the behaviour of two different mammary cell lines, a normal epithelial cell line (MCF10A) and a highly aggressive and invasive adenocarcinoma cell line (MDA-MB-231) interacting with polyacrylamide substrates mimicking the mechanics of both normal and tumour tissues (∼1 and ∼13 kPa). We report that X-ray radiation affected in a significant way the levels of YAP expression, density, and localization in both cell lines. After 24 h, MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 increased the expression level of YAP in both nucleus and cytoplasm in a dose dependent manner and particularly on the stiffer substrates. After 72 h, MCF10A reduced mostly the YAP expression in the cytoplasm, whereas it remained high in the nucleus of cells on stiffer substrates. Tumour cells continued to exhibit higher levels of YAP expression, especially in the cytoplasmic compartment, as indicated by the reduction of nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio of total YAP. Then, we investigated the existence of a correlation between YAP localization and the expression of the nuclear envelope protein lamin A/C, considering its key role in modulating nuclear deformability and changes in YAP shuttling phenomena. As supposed, we found that the effects of radiation on YAP nucleus/cytoplasmic expression ratio, increasing in healthy cells and decreasing in tumour ones, were accompanied by lower and higher lamin A/C levels in MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. These findings point to obtain a deeper knowledge of the role of the extracellular matrix and the effects of X-rays on YAP and lamin A/C expression that can be used in the design of doses and timing of radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe La Verde
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Artiola
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagabriella Pugliese
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco La Commara
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Arrichiello
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione “G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
| | - Sabato Fusco
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sabato Fusco,
| | - Valeria Panzetta
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Biomaterials (CRIB) and Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare@CRIB, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
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11
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Relationship between Yes-Associated Protein 1 and Prognosis of Digestive System Neoplasm: Quantitative Analysis and Bioinformatics Analysis Based on 4023 Patients. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3798694. [PMID: 35911146 PMCID: PMC9325623 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3798694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) is involved in the development of a variety of malignancies. However, the prognosis of malignant digestive tumors with YAP1 expression is still controversial. This study searched 31 articles with 36 data sets of 4023 patients to explore the role of YAP1 expression on the prognosis of digestive malignant tumors by searching the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. Specifically, relevant cancer expression matrix data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In this meta-analysis, quantitative analysis showed that the overexpression of YAP1 was not conducive to OS (1.62, 95% CI (1.38, 1.90), P=0.001) and DFS (1.59, 95% CI (1.31, 1.93), P=0.001) in patients with digestive malignant tumors. In addition, TCGA database analysis showed that YAP1 was overexpressed in gastric cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, and colorectal cancer. Survival analysis showed that the patients with high expression of YAP1 in pancreatic cancer have a poor OS (MST: 394 vs. 691 days, P < 0.0001) and DFS (MST: 371 vs. 542 days, P=0.026) prognosis. YAP1 may be a molecular marker that effectively predicts the survival of malignant digestive tumors, especially pancreatic cancer, and is a potential therapeutic target for malignant digestive tumors.
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de Almeida BO, de Almeida LC, Costa-Lotufo LV, Machado-Neto JA. ANKHD1 contributes to the malignant phenotype of triple-negative breast cancer cells. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1433-1446. [PMID: 35842770 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ankyrin repeat and KH domain-containing protein 1, ANKHD1, has been identified as a regulator of signaling pathways and cellular processes of relevance in carcinogenesis. However, the role of ANKHD1 in breast cancer remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to characterize the expression pattern and involvement of ANKHD1 in the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cell lines and to investigate the clinical relevance of ANKHD1 in a breast cancer context. Gene and protein expressions were assessed in the cell lines by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively, and ANKHD1 silencing through siRNA transfection was conducted for further in vitro functional assays. The expression of ANKHD1 was identified in non-tumorigenic breast epithelium and breast cancer cell lines, but differences in cellular localization were found among the neoplasia subtypes. ANKHD1 silencing reduced the viability, clonogenicity, and migration of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Bioinformatics analyses demonstrated that patients with triple-negative basal-like 2 and mesenchymal breast cancer subtypes had high ANKHD1 expression associated with poor recurrence-free survival. Therefore, these data indicate that ANKHD1 relevance in breast cancer varies among its subtypes, indicating the importance of ANKHD1 in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna O de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa C de Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia V Costa-Lotufo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João A Machado-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Analysis of Yes-Associated Protein-1 (YAP1) Target Gene Signature to Predict Progressive Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071947. [PMID: 35407556 PMCID: PMC8999906 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers are treated according to the ER/PR or HER2 expression and show better survival outcomes with targeted therapy. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) with a lack of expression of ER/PR and HER2 are treated with systemic therapy with unpredictable responses and outcomes. It is essential to investigate novel markers to identify targeted therapies for TNBC. One such marker is YAP1, a transcription co-activator protein that shows association with poor prognosis of breast cancer. YAP1 transcriptionally regulates the expression of genes that drive the oncogenic phenotypes. Here, we assess a potential YAP target gene signature to predict a progressive subset of breast tumors from METABRIC and TCGA datasets. YAP1 target genes were shortlisted based on expression correlation and concordance with YAP1 expression and significant association with survival outcomes of patients. Hierarchical clustering was performed for the shortlisted genes. The utility of the clustered genes was assessed by survival analysis to identify a recurring subset. Expression of the shortlisted target genes showed significant association with survival outcomes of HER2-positive and TNBC subset in both datasets. The shortlisted genes were verified using an independent dataset. Further validation using IHC can prove the utility of this potential prognostic signature to identify a recurrent subset of HER2-positive and TNBC subtypes.
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14
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Koh MZ, Ho WY, Yeap SK, Ali NM, Yong CY, Boo L, Alitheen NB. Exosomal-microRNA transcriptome profiling of Parental and CSC-like MDA-MB-231 cells in response to cisplatin treatment. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 233:153854. [PMID: 35398617 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype with higher risk of metastasis and cancer reoccurrence. Cisplatin is one of the potential anticancer drugs for treating TNBC, where its effectiveness remains challenged by frequent occurrence of cisplatin resistance. Since acquirement of drug resistance often being associated with presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), investigation has been conducted, suggesting CSC-like subpopulation to be more resistant to cisplatin than their parental counterpart. On the other hand, plethora evidences showed the transmission of exosomal-miRNAs are capable of promoting drug resistance in breast cancers. In this study, we aim to elucidate the differential expression of exosomal-microRNAs profile and reveal the potential target genes in correlation to cisplatin resistance associated with CSC-like subpopulation by using TNBC cell line (MDA-MB-231). Utilizing next generation sequencing and Nanostring techniques, cisplatin-induced dysregulation of exosomal-miRNAs were evaluated in maximal for CSC-like subpopulation as compared to parental cells. Intriguingly, more oncogenic exosomal-miRNAs profile was detected from treated CSC-like subpopulation, which may correlate to enhancement of drug resistance and maintenance of CSCs. In treated CSC-like subpopulation, unique clusters of exosomal-miRNAs namely miR-221-3p, miR-196a-5p, miR-17-5p and miR-126-3p were predicted to target on six genes (ATXN1, LATS1, GSK3β, ITGA6, JAG1 and MYC), aligned with previous finding which demonstrated dysregulation of these genes in treated CSC-like subpopulation. Our results highlight the potential correlation of exosomal-miRNAs and their target genes as well as novel perspectives of the corresponding pathways that may be essential to contribute to the attenuated cytotoxicity of cisplatin in CSC-like subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Zie Koh
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia.
| | - Wan Yong Ho
- Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia.
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Sciences, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang 43900, Malaysia.
| | - Norlaily Mohd Ali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia.
| | - Chean Yeah Yong
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Lily Boo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras 43000, Malaysia.
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
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15
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The Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ interact with EGF-like signaling to regulate expansion-related events in bovine cumulus cells in vitro. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:481-492. [PMID: 35091965 PMCID: PMC8956774 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02384-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if the inhibition of the interaction between the Hippo effector YAP or its transcriptional co-activator TAZ with the TEAD family of transcription factors is critical for the cumulus expansion-related events induced by the EGF network in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). METHODS We performed a series of experiments using immature bovine COCs subjected to an IVM protocol for up 24 h in which cumulus expansion was stimulated with EGF recombinant protein or FSH. RESULTS The main results indicated that EGFR activity stimulation in bovine cumulus cells (CC) increases mRNA levels encoding the classic YAP/TAZ-TEAD target gene CTGF. To determine if important genes for cumulus expansion are transcriptional targets of YAP/TAZ-TEAD interaction in CC, COCs were then subjected to IVM in the presence of FSH with or without distinct concentrations of Verteporfin (VP; a small molecule inhibitor that interferes with YAP/TAZ binding to TEADs). COCs were then collected at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h for total RNA extraction and RT-qPCR analyses. This experiment indicated that VP inhibits in a time- and concentration-dependent manner distinct cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation-related genes, by regulating EGFR and CTGF expression in CC. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results presented herein represent considerable insight into the functional relevance of a completely novel signaling pathway underlying cumulus expansion and oocyte maturation in monovulatory species. YAP/TAZ or CTGF may represent potential targets to improve the efficiency of IVM systems, not only for monovulatory species of agricultural importance as the cow, but for human embryo production.
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16
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Wei KC, Lai SF, Huang WL, Yang KC, Lai PC, Wei WJ, Chang TH, Huang YC, Tsai YC, Lin SC, Lin SJ, Lin SC. An innovative targeted therapy for fluoroscopy-induced chronic radiation dermatitis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:135-146. [PMID: 34689211 PMCID: PMC8724166 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroscopy-induced chronic radiation dermatitis (FICRD) is a complication of fluoroscopy-guided intervention. Unlike acute radiation dermatitis, FICRD is different as delayed onset and usually appears without preexisting acute dermatitis. Unfortunately, the chronic and progressive pathology of FICRD makes it difficult to treat, and some patients need to receive wide excision and reconstruction surgery. Due to lack of standard treatment, investigating underlying mechanism is needed in order to develop an effective therapy. Herein, the Hippo pathway is specifically identified using an RNA-seq analysis in mild damaged skin specimens of patients with FICRD. Furthermore, specific increase of the Yes-associated protein (YAP1), an effector of the Hippo pathway, in skin region with mild damage plays a protective role for keratinocytes via positively regulating the numerous downstream genes involved in different biological processes. Interestingly, irradiated-keratinocytes inhibit activation of fibroblasts under TGF-β1 treatment via remote control by an exosome containing YAP1. More importantly, targeting one of YAP1 downstream genes, nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 (NR3C1), which encodes glucocorticoid receptor, has revealed its therapeutic potential to treat FICRD by inhibiting fibroblasts activation in vitro and preventing formation of radiation ulcers in a mouse model and in patients with FICRD. Taken together, this translational research demonstrates the critical role of YAP1 in FICRD and identification of a feasible, effective therapy for patients with FICRD. KEY MESSAGES: • YAP1 overexpression in skin specimens of radiation dermatitis from FICRD patient. • Radiation-induced YAP1 expression plays protective roles by promoting DNA damage repair and inhibiting fibrosis via remote control of exosomal YAP1. • YAP1 positively regulates NR3C1 which encodes glucocorticoid receptor expression. • Targeting glucocorticoid receptor by prednisolone has therapeutic potential for FICRD patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Che Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Applications and Management, Yuhing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Fan Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chung Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chin Lai
- The Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chuan Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Chih Lin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sun-Jang Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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17
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Qi L, Sun B, Yang B, Lu S. Long Noncoding-RNA Component of Mitochondrial RNA Processing Endoribonuclease Promotes Carcinogenesis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells via the Competing Endogenous RNA Mechanism. J Breast Cancer 2021; 24:428-442. [PMID: 34652079 PMCID: PMC8561136 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2021.24.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer. Increasing evidence supports that dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) plays a vital role in cancer progression. RNA component of mitochondrial RNA processing endoribonuclease (RMRP), a lncRNA, is characterized as a tumor-propeller in some cancers, but its mechanism in TNBC remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether and how RMRP functions in TNBC. Methods Cell proliferation was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays and cell apoptosis by flow cytometry analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Cell migration and invasion were determined by transwell assays. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP), luciferase reporter, and RNA pulldown assays were implemented to assess the interaction of RMRP with other molecules in TNBC cells. Results RMRP expression was elevated in TNBC cells. RMRP knockdown repressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, but induced apoptosis in TNBC. In addition, RMRP was found to target microRNA-766-5p (miR-766-5p) in TNBC cells. Silencing miR-766-5p enhanced cell viability and decreased apoptosis, whereas miR-766-5p overexpression had opposite effects. Furthermore, miR-766-5p was found to bind to yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). Moreover, miR-766-5p inhibition reversed the repressive effect of RMRP knockdown on the malignant progression of TNBC. Conclusion The present study manifested that RMRP promotes the growth, migration, and invasion of TNBC cells via the miR-766-5p/YAP1 axis. These findings provide novel perspectives for TNBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Qi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Cancer Institute and Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Sun
- The 2nd Department of Breast Cancer Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Beibei Yang
- The 2nd Department of Breast Cancer Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Su Lu
- The 2nd Department of Breast Cancer Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Yang X, Xu Y, Jiang C, Ma Z, Jin L. Verteporfin suppresses osteosarcoma progression by targeting the Hippo signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:724. [PMID: 34429764 PMCID: PMC8371961 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Verteporfin (VP) is a specific inhibitor of yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) that suppresses tumor progression by inhibiting YAP1 expression. The present study aimed to determine the inhibitory effect of VP on osteosarcoma and the underlying mechanism of its anticancer effects. Cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis and cell migration and invasion were analyzed using the MTT assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively. Expressions of YAP1 and TEA domain transcription factor 1 (TEAD1) were measured using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, while their interaction was identified by the co-immunoprecipitation assay. In vivo mouse xenograft experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of VP on osteosarcoma growth. The results demonstrated that YAP1 and TEAD1 were highly expressed in osteosarcoma cells and tissues, whereas VP significantly downregulated the expression levels of YAP1 and TEAD1 in the osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 compared with those in untreated control cells. In addition, compared with those in the control group, VP suppressed the viability, migration and invasion, induced cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and promoted apoptosis in Saos-2 cells. In addition, VP inhibited mouse xenograft tumor growth in vivo compared with that observed in the control group. Notably, VP downregulated the levels of CYR61 expression in Saos-2 cells, whereas CYR61 overexpression mitigated the inhibitory effects of VP on osteosarcoma cells, as indicated by the increased viability and reduced apoptotic rates in Saos-2 cells overexpressing CYR61 compared with those in the control group. In summary, VP suppressed osteosarcoma by downregulating the expression of YAP1 and TEAD1. Additionally, CYR61 may mediate the effects of VP on osteosarcoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianliang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Wenling Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang 317500, P.R. China
| | - Youjia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, P.R. China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Wenling Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang 317500, P.R. China
| | - Ziping Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Wenling Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang 317500, P.R. China
| | - Linguang Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First People's Hospital of Wenling Hospital, Wenling, Zhejiang 317500, P.R. China
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Qayoom H, Wani NA, Alshehri B, Mir MA. An insight into the cancer stem cell survival pathways involved in chemoresistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:4185-4206. [PMID: 34342489 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2021-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most complex, aggressive and fatal subtype of breast cancer. Owing to the lack of targeted therapy and heterogenic nature of TNBC, chemotherapy remains the sole treatment option for TNBC, with taxanes and anthracyclines representing the general chemotherapeutic regimen in TNBC therapy. But unfortunately, patients develop resistance to the existing chemotherapeutic regimen, resulting in approximately 90% treatment failure. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are one of the major causes for the development of chemoresistance in TNBC patients. After surviving the chemotherapy damage, the presence of BCSCs results in relapse and recurrence of TNBC. Several pathways are known to regulate BCSCs' survival, such as the Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, JAK/STAT and HIPPO pathways. Therefore it is imperative to target these pathways in the context of eliminating chemoresistance. In this review we will discuss the novel strategies and various preclinical and clinical studies to give an insight into overcoming TNBC chemoresistance. We present a detailed account of recent studies carried out that open an exciting perspective in relation to the mechanisms of chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Qayoom
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
| | - Nissar A Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir Nunar Ganderbal 191201, J&K, India
| | - Bader Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah, KSA
| | - Manzoor A Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India
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20
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Liu L, Lu Z, Hu X, Su T, Su L, Pu H. Clinical significance of YAP1 and TAZ in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26597. [PMID: 34260541 PMCID: PMC8284757 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is the eighth most frequent and sixth most fatal cancer worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic significance of yes related protein 1 (YAP1) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS A total of 306 ESCC pathological specimens and adjacent tissues (as control; tissues from the esophageal mucosa >5 cm from the edge of the tumor) were collected between January, 2008 and December, 2018. Immunohistochemical staining was used to assess the expression of YAP1 and TAZ proteins in the ESCC and adjacent tissues, and their relationship with clinicopathological parameters was evaluated using SPSS 21.0 software. RESULTS YAP1 and TAZ proteins were highly expressed in ESCC, and their expression was closely related to TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. Expression of YAP1 was associated with tumor size (P = .029), differentiation (P = .000), depth of invasion (P = .001), and TNM stage (P = .000). Expression of TAZ was associated with tumor size (P = .034), differentiation (P = .000), depth of invasion (P = .029), lymph node metastasis (P = .006), and ethnicity (P < .001). The expression of YAP1 protein was positively correlated with the expression of TAZ protein (r = 0.257, P < .05). YAP1 and TAZ expression (P = .039 and .000, respectively), tumor size (P = .041), and lymph node metastasis (P = .001) significantly affected the overall survival of patients with ESCC, and represent independent factors for overall survival. CONCLUSION YAP1 and TAZ proteins are highly expressed in ESCC, and closely related to the clinical and pathological parameters such as the diameter of the tumor, degree of differentiation, and depth of invasion, indicating that YAP1 and TAZ may be involved in the development of ESCC. YAP1 and TAZ may be used as prognostic markers in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Ziyang Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xiayun Hu
- Shanghai Changhai Hospital, PR China
| | - Tianyuan Su
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Hongwei Pu
- Department of Discipline Construction, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, PR China
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Morciano G, Vezzani B, Missiroli S, Boncompagni C, Pinton P, Giorgi C. An Updated Understanding of the Role of YAP in Driving Oncogenic Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123100. [PMID: 34205830 PMCID: PMC8234554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In 2020, the global cancer database GLOBOCAN estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases worldwide. The discovery of targeted therapies may help prognosis and outcome of the patients affected, but the understanding of the plethora of highly interconnected pathways that modulate cell transformation, proliferation, invasion, migration and survival remains an ambitious goal. Here we propose an updated state of the art of YAP as the key protein driving oncogenic response via promoting all those steps at multiple levels. Of interest, the role of YAP in immunosuppression is a field of evolving research and growing interest and this summary about the current pharmacological therapies impacting YAP serves as starting point for future studies. Abstract Yes-associated protein (YAP) has emerged as a key component in cancer signaling and is considered a potent oncogene. As such, nuclear YAP participates in complex and only partially understood molecular cascades that are responsible for the oncogenic response by regulating multiple processes, including cell transformation, tumor growth, migration, and metastasis, and by acting as an important mediator of immune and cancer cell interactions. YAP is finely regulated at multiple levels, and its localization in cells in terms of cytoplasm–nucleus shuttling (and vice versa) sheds light on interesting novel anticancer treatment opportunities and putative unconventional functions of the protein when retained in the cytosol. This review aims to summarize and present the state of the art knowledge about the role of YAP in cancer signaling, first focusing on how YAP differs from WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, also named as TAZ) and which upstream factors regulate it; then, this review focuses on the role of YAP in different cancer stages and in the crosstalk between immune and cancer cells as well as growing translational strategies derived from its inhibitory and synergistic effects with existing chemo-, immuno- and radiotherapies.
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22
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Li Y, Hua K, Jin J, Fang L. miR-497 inhibits proliferation and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer cells via YAP1. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:580. [PMID: 34122631 PMCID: PMC8190776 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miR)-497 has been reported as a tumor suppressor in various cancer types. Nonetheless, the regulation of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) by miR-497 remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the potential function and mechanism of miR-497 in TNBC. A total of 36 TNBC and matched non-cancerous tissue samples were collected for analysis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect the miR-497 levels in TNBC tissue. The association between miR-497 expression, clinical characteristics and survival was then analyzed. To investigate the role of miR-497 in TNBC, MTT, colony formation, Transwell invasion, cell cycle and cell apoptosis assays were conducted following transfection of miR-497 mimics into the MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines. Luciferase reporter assays and western blot analysis were used to confirm the regulation of a putative target of miR-497. The results indicated that the expression of miR-497 was downregulated in the TNBC specimens. Further analysis demonstrated that the expression of miR-497 was downregulated in patients with advanced TNBC stages and that low miR-497 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with TNBC. Transfection of miR-497 mimics inhibited TNBC cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Moreover, cell migration was inhibited following overexpression of miR-497, which also led to the arrest of the breast cancer cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a critical molecule in the Hippo pathway, was identified as a target of miR-497. Notably, the protein and mRNA expression levels of YAP1 in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells were downregulated following overexpression of miR-497. Overall, the findings of the present study indicated that miR-497 inhibited TNBC cell proliferation and migration and induced cell apoptosis by negatively regulating YAP1 expression. Thus, targeting miR-497 may represent a potential strategy for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, P.R. China
| | - Kaiyao Hua
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jiali Jin
- Department of Neurology, Kongjiang Hospital of Yangpu District, Shanghai 200093, P.R. China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shanghai No. 10 People's Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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23
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Qadir J, Riaz SK, Taj K, Sattar N, Sahar NE, Khan JS, Kayani MA, Haq F, Arshad Malik MF. Increased YAP1 expression is significantly associated with breast cancer progression, metastasis and poor survival. Future Oncol 2021; 17:2725-2734. [PMID: 33880946 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
YAP1 plays a key role as a transcriptional coactivator in the Hippo pathway. Based on conflicting reports regarding YAP1 function in cancer, this study discerned its role in breast carcinogenesis. First, a systematic review of salient breast cancer studies targeting YAP1 dysregulation was performed. Additionally, freshly excised tumor specimens of approximately 200 breast cancer patients were processed for quantification of YAP1 expression at mRNA and protein levels using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. YAP1 expression was nine folds higher in tumors versus controls and significantly associated with metastasis (p < 0.05) and poor survival in Pakistani breast cancer patients. These findings establish the role of YAP1 overexpression in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Hence, YAP1 inhibition may be considered a possible therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Qadir
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Kiran Riaz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Taj
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Natasha Sattar
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Namood-E Sahar
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.,College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Jahangir Sarwar Khan
- Department of General Surgery, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Akhtar Kayani
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Haq
- Department of Biosciences, Cancer Genetics Lab, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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24
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Pesch AM, Pierce LJ, Speers CW. Modulating the Radiation Response for Improved Outcomes in Breast Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2021; 5:PO.20.00297. [PMID: 34250414 DOI: 10.1200/po.20.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Pesch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lori J Pierce
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Corey W Speers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.,Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Triple-negative breast cancer, compared with other molecular subtypes, poses particular challenges for optimizing the timing and the extent of locoregional treatments. In the past, the combination of increased rates of both locoregional and distant recurrences led to a preference of radical surgery and extensive radiation therapy; however, since the introduction of more effective chemotherapy, a sharp de-escalation in the extent of locoregional treatments followed. Current evidence confirms that less aggressive surgery in combination with tailored radiation therapy offers improved oncological outcomes combined with better quality of life. However, further research is required to optimize locoregional treatments, considering the significant heterogeneity in biological behavior and tumor response to systemic treatments.
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26
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Guo L, Zheng J, Luo J, Zhang Z, Shao G. Targeting Yes1 Associated Transcriptional Regulator Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Improves Sensitivity to Sorafenib: An in vitro and in vivo Study. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11071-11087. [PMID: 33149619 PMCID: PMC7605682 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s249412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1) in the pathology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its potential as a therapeutic target. Methods YAP1 expression in HCC and adjacent tissues was determined via immunohistochemistry; in HCC and human normal liver cell lines, expression was examined via Western blotting. The effects of YAP1 knockdown and overexpression were detected following transfection of HCC cells with siRNA-YAP1 recombinants or pcDNA3.1-YAP1 plasmids. A tumor xenograft model was constructed by implanting YAP1-knockdown lentivirus-infected Hep-3B cells into nude mice, and the animals were treated with sorafenib. Results In patients with HCC, YAP1 was upregulated in tumor tissue compared with adjacent tissue, and its high expression in the tumor was associated with increased Edmonson grade. In vitro, YAP1 expression was increased in Hep-3B, SK-HEP-1 and Huh7 cells, while it was similar in SMMC-7721 cells and LO2 cells. Meanwhile, YAP1 increased cell proliferation and invasion, promoted the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and inhibited cell apoptosis in HCC cells; furthermore, YAP1 knockdown combined with the administration of sorafenib decreased cell viability and increased cell apoptosis compared with YAP1 knockdown or treatment with sorafenib alone. In vivo, YAP1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth and metastasis, whereas it promoted apoptosis; meanwhile, YAP1 knockdown synergized with sorafenib to suppress tumor progression in HCC mice. Conclusion YAP1 is upregulated in both HCC tumor tissues and cell lines. Moreover, it promotes cell proliferation and invasion and promoted the progression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in vitro. Furthermore, targeting YAP1 inhibits HCC progression and improves sensitivity to sorafenib in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Guo
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaping Zheng
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhewei Zhang
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Shao
- 1Department of Interventional Radiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, People's Republic of China
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27
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Kalita-de Croft P, Lim M, Chittoory H, de Luca XM, Kutasovic JR, Day BW, Al-Ejeh F, Simpson PT, McCart Reed AE, Lakhani SR, Saunus JM. Clinicopathologic significance of nuclear HER4 and phospho-YAP(S 127) in human breast cancers and matching brain metastases. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920946259. [PMID: 33014146 PMCID: PMC7517995 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920946259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor-4 (HER4) and yes-associated protein-1 (YAP) are candidate therapeutic targets in oncology. YAP's transcriptional coactivation function is modulated by the HER4 intracellular domain (HER4-ICD) in vitro, but the clinical relevance of this has not been established. This study investigated the potential for targeting the HER4-YAP pathway in brain metastatic breast cancer. Methods We performed immuno-phenotypic profiling of pathway markers in a consecutive breast cancer series with 25 years of clinical follow up (n = 371), and patient-matched breast and metastatic brain tumours (n = 91; 30 pairs). Results Membrane localisation of phospho-HER4 [pHER4(Y1162)] was infrequent in primary breast cancer, but very frequent in brain metastases (5.9% versus 75% positive), where it was usually co-expressed with pHER3(Y1289) (p < 0.05). The presence of YAP in tumour cell nuclei was associated directly with nuclear pERK5(T218/Y210) (p = 0.003). However, relationships with disease-specific survival depended on oestrogen receptor (ER) status. Nuclear pYAP(S127) was associated with smaller, good prognostic ER+ breast tumours (log-rank hazard-ratio 0.53; p = 9.6E-03), but larger, poor prognostic triple-negative cancers (log-rank hazard-ratio 2.78; p = 1.7E-02), particularly when co-expressed with nuclear HER4-ICD (p = 0.02). This phenotype was associated with stemness and mitotic instability markers (vimentin, SOX9, ID1, SPAG5, TTK, geminin; p < 0.05). YAP expression in brain metastases was higher than matched primary tumours; specifically, nuclear pYAP(S127) in ER-negative cases (p < 0.05). Nuclear YAP was detected in ~70% of ER-negative, HER4-activated brain metastases. Discussion Our findings suggest that the canonical-mechanism where Hippo pathway-mediated phosphorylation of YAP ostensibly excludes it from the nucleus is dysfunctional in breast cancer. The data are consistent with pYAP(S127) having independent transcriptional functions, which may include transducing neuregulin signals in brain metastases. Consistent with mechanistic studies implicating it as an ER co-factor, nuclear pYAP(S127) associations with breast cancer clinical outcomes were dependent on ER status. Conclusion Preclinical studies investigating HER4 and nuclear YAP combination therapy strategies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Building 71/98 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Qld 4006, Australia
| | - Malcolm Lim
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Haarika Chittoory
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Xavier M de Luca
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Jamie R Kutasovic
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Bryan W Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Fares Al-Ejeh
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Peter T Simpson
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Amy E McCart Reed
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - Jodi M Saunus
- The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Qld, Australia
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28
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Kyriazoglou A, Liontos M, Zakopoulou R, Kaparelou M, Tsiara A, Papatheodoridi AM, Georgakopoulou R, Zagouri F. The Role of the Hippo Pathway in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis, Prognosis, and Treatment: A Systematic Review. Breast Care (Basel) 2020; 16:6-15. [PMID: 33716627 DOI: 10.1159/000507538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Hippo pathway is a developmental pathway recently discovered in Drosophila melanogaster; in mammals it normally controls organ development and wound healing. Hippo signaling is deregulated in breast cancer (BC). MST1/2 and LATS1/2 kinases are the upstream molecular elements of Hippo signaling which phosphorylate and regulate the two effectors of Hippo signaling, YAP1 and TAZ cotranscriptional activators. The two molecular effectors of the Hippo pathway facilitate their activity through TEAD transcription factors. Several molecular pathways with known oncogenic functions cross-talk with the Hippo pathway. Methods A systematic review studying the correlation of the Hippo pathway with BC tumorigenesis, prognosis, and treatment was performed. Results Recent literature highlights the critical role of Hippo signaling in a wide spectrum of biological mechanisms in BC. Discussion The Hippo pathway has a crucial position in BC molecular biology, cellular behavior, and response to treatment. Targeting the Hippo pathway could potentially improve the prognosis and outcome of BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Roubini Zakopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kaparelou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Tsiara
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
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29
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IGF-1/IGF-1R/FAK/YAP Transduction Signaling Prompts Growth Effects in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041010. [PMID: 32325700 PMCID: PMC7225986 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast tumor subtype that currently lacks targeted treatment options. The role played by the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its cognate receptor IGF-1R in TNBC has been reported. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms by which the IGF-1/IGF-1R system may contribute to TNBC progression still remains to be fully understood. By computational analysis of the vast cancer genomics information in public databases (TCGA and METABRIC), we obtained evidence that high IGF-1 or IGF-1R levels correlate with a worse clinical outcome in TNBC patients. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed that both the focal adhesion and the Hippo pathways are enriched in TNBC harboring an elevated expression of IGF-1 or IGF-1R. Mechanistically, we found that in TNBC cells, the IGF-1/IGF-1R system promotes the activation of the FAK signal transduction pathway, which in turn regulates the nuclear accumulation of YAP (yes-associated protein/yes-related protein) and the expression of its target genes. At the biological level, we found that the IGF-1/IGF-1R-FAK-YAP network cascade triggers the growth potential of TNBC cells, as evaluated in different experimental systems. Overall, our results suggest that the IGF-1/IGF-1R/FAK/YAP axis may contribute to the progression of the aggressive TNBC subtype.
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30
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García-Gutiérrez L, McKenna S, Kolch W, Matallanas D. RASSF1A Tumour Suppressor: Target the Network for Effective Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010229. [PMID: 31963420 PMCID: PMC7017281 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The RASSF1A tumour suppressor is a scaffold protein that is involved in cell signalling. Increasing evidence shows that this protein sits at the crossroad of a complex signalling network, which includes key regulators of cellular homeostasis, such as Ras, MST2/Hippo, p53, and death receptor pathways. The loss of expression of RASSF1A is one of the most common events in solid tumours and is usually caused by gene silencing through DNA methylation. Thus, re-expression of RASSF1A or therapeutic targeting of effector modules of its complex signalling network, is a promising avenue for treating several tumour types. Here, we review the main modules of the RASSF1A signalling network and the evidence for the effects of network deregulation in different cancer types. In particular, we summarise the epigenetic mechanism that mediates RASSF1A promoter methylation and the Hippo and RAF1 signalling modules. Finally, we discuss different strategies that are described for re-establishing RASSF1A function and how a multitargeting pathway approach selecting druggable nodes in this network could lead to new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía García-Gutiérrez
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (L.G.-G.); (S.M.); (W.K.)
| | - Stephanie McKenna
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (L.G.-G.); (S.M.); (W.K.)
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (L.G.-G.); (S.M.); (W.K.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (L.G.-G.); (S.M.); (W.K.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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31
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Shahi Thakuri P, Gupta M, Singh S, Joshi R, Glasgow E, Lekan A, Agarwal S, Luker GD, Tavana H. Phytochemicals inhibit migration of triple negative breast cancer cells by targeting kinase signaling. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:4. [PMID: 31898540 PMCID: PMC6941316 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell migration and invasion are essential processes for metastatic dissemination of cancer cells. Significant progress has been made in developing new therapies against oncogenic signaling to eliminate cancer cells and shrink tumors. However, inherent heterogeneity and treatment-induced adaptation to drugs commonly enable subsets of cancer cells to survive therapy. In addition to local recurrence, these cells escape a primary tumor and migrate through the stroma to access the circulation and metastasize to different organs, leading to an incurable disease. As such, therapeutics that block migration and invasion of cancer cells may inhibit or reduce metastasis and significantly improve cancer therapy. This is particularly more important for cancers, such as triple negative breast cancer, that currently lack targeted drugs. METHODS We used cell migration, 3D invasion, zebrafish metastasis model, and phosphorylation analysis of 43 protein kinases in nine triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines to study effects of fisetin and quercetin on inhibition of TNBC cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. RESULTS Fisetin and quercetin were highly effective against migration of all nine TNBC cell lines with up to 76 and 74% inhibitory effects, respectively. In addition, treatments significantly reduced 3D invasion of highly motile TNBC cells from spheroids into a collagen matrix and their metastasis in vivo. Fisetin and quercetin commonly targeted different components and substrates of the oncogenic PI3K/AKT pathway and significantly reduced their activities. Additionally, both compounds disrupted activities of several protein kinases in MAPK and STAT pathways. We used molecular inhibitors specific to these signaling proteins to establish the migration-inhibitory role of the two phytochemicals against TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS We established that fisetin and quercetin potently inhibit migration of metastatic TNBC cells by interfering with activities of oncogenic protein kinases in multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Shahi Thakuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Megha Gupta
- Department of Arts and Sciences, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Sunil Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Ramila Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Eric Glasgow
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Alexander Lekan
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Seema Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
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Shah SR, Kim J, Schiapparelli P, Vazquez-Ramos CA, Martinez-Gutierrez JC, Ruiz-Valls A, Inman K, Shamul JG, Green JJ, Quinones-Hinojosa A. Verteporfin-Loaded Polymeric Microparticles for Intratumoral Treatment of Brain Cancer. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1433-1443. [PMID: 30803231 PMCID: PMC7337228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBMs) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumor in adults with dismal prognosis despite radical surgical resection coupled with chemo- and radiotherapy. Recent studies have proposed the use of small-molecule inhibitors, including verteporfin (VP), to target oncogenic networks in cancers. Here we report efficient encapsulation of water-insoluble VP in poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid) microparticles (PLGA MP) of ∼1.5 μm in diameter that allows tunable, sustained release. Treatment with naked VP and released VP from PLGA MP decreased cell viability of patient-derived primary GBM cells in vitro by ∼70%. Moreover, naked VP treatment significantly increased radiosensitivity of GBM cells, thereby enhancing overall tumor cell killing ability by nearly 85%. Our in vivo study demonstrated that two intratumoral administrations of sustained slow-releasing VP-loaded PLGA MPs separated by two weeks significantly attenuated tumor growth by ∼67% in tumor volume in a subcutaneous patient-derived GBM xenograft model over 26 d. Additionally, our in vitro data indicate broader utility of VP for treatment for other solid cancers, including chordoma, malignant meningioma, and various noncentral nervous system-derived carcinomas. Collectively, our work suggests that the use of VP-loaded PLGA MP may be an effective local therapeutic strategy for a variety of solid cancers, including unresectable and orphan tumors, which may decrease tumor burden and ultimately improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar R. Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Paula Schiapparelli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | | | | | - Alejandro Ruiz-Valls
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Kyle Inman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - James G. Shamul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Oncology, the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Gao X, Lu M, Xu W, Liu C, Wu J. miR-195 inhibits esophageal cancer cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis by downregulating YAP1. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2019; 12:275-281. [PMID: 31933743 PMCID: PMC6943995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) regulates a variety of genes related to cell proliferation, cycle and apoptosis, and plays a role in the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. It was found that the expression of miR-195 was significantly decreased in esophageal cancer tissues, suggesting its anti-cancer effect. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the targeted relationship between miR-195 and the 3'-UTR of YAP1. This study investigated the role of miR-195 in regulating YAP1 expression and affecting proliferation and apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. METHODS The tumor tissue and the adjacent tissue of patients with esophageal cancer were collected to detect the expressions of miR-195 and YAP1. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was adopted to validate the targeted regulation between miR-195 and YAP1. Esophageal cancer EC9706 cells and normal esophageal epithelial HEEC cells were cultured in vitro to measure the expression of miR-195 and YAP1. EC9706 cells were divided into miR-NC group and miR-195 mimic group followed by analysis of cell apoptosis by flow cytometry and cell proliferation by EdU staining. RESULTS Compared with adjacent tissues, miR-195 was significantly decreased, while YAP1 mRNA and protein were significantly upregulated in esophageal cancer tissues. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed that there was a targeted relationship between miR-195 and YAP1. Compared with HEEC cells, miR-195 expression was declined, whereas YAP1 was elevated in EC9706 cells. Transfection of miR-195 mimic significantly downregulated YAP1 expression, resulting in increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of EC9706 cells. CONCLUSION Decreased expression of miR-195 plays a regulatory role in increasing YAP1 expression and promoting the pathogenesis of esophageal cancer. Elevation of miR-195 inhibites the expression of YAP1, restrains cell proliferation, and promotes cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital Affiliated to Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingjun Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Weijuan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Centao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gongli Hospital, Naval Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Longhua District People’s Hospital of ShenzhenShenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Real SAS, Parveen F, Rehman AU, Khan MA, Deo SVS, Shukla NK, Husain SA. Aberrant Promoter Methylation of YAP Gene and its Subsequent Downregulation in Indian Breast Cancer Patients. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:711. [PMID: 29970036 PMCID: PMC6031145 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND YAP, a potent oncogene and major downstream effector of the mammalian Hippo tumor suppressor pathway can act as either oncogene or tumor suppressor gene based on the type of tissue involved. Despite various studies, the role and mechanism through which YAP mediates its tumor suppressor or oncogenic effects are not yet fully understood. Therefore in the present study we aimed to investigate YAP at DNA, mRNA and protein level and also attempted to correlate our molecular findings with various clinicopathological variables of the patients. METHODS The study comprised of a total 137 genetically unrelated women with sporadic breast cancer cases and normal adjacent tissues not infiltrated with tumor. Mutation of YAP gene was analyzed by automated DNA sequencing. YAP promoter methylation was studied using MS-PCR. Expression at mRNA and protein level was studied using qPCR and IHC respectively. RESULTS In our study YAP mRNA expression was found to be 8.65 ± 6.17 fold downregulated in 67.15% cases. The expression of YAP when analyzed at the protein level by IHC was found to be absent in 78.83% cases. Results from MS-PCR analysis showed that YAP promoter methylation plays an important role in declining the expression of YAP protein. The absence of YAP protein coincided with 86.60% methylated cases thereby showing a very strong correlation (p = 0.001). We also investigated YAP mutation at the major check point sites in the Hippo pathway and observed no mutation. A significant association was observed on correlating mRNA expression with clinical stages (p = 0.038) and protein expression with ER status (p = 0.018) among Indian breast cancer patients. CONCLUSION The expression of YAP was found to be downregulated in response to aberrant promoter methylation. The downregulation of YAP are consistent with previous studies suggesting it to have a tumor suppressive role in breast cancer. We did not observe any mutation at the major check point sites in the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farah Parveen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Asad Ur Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | | | | | - Nootan Kumar Shukla
- Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, 110608, India
| | - Syed Akhtar Husain
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Azria D, Brengues M, Gourgou S, Bourgier C. Personalizing Breast Cancer Irradiation Using Biology: From Bench to the Accelerator. Front Oncol 2018; 8:83. [PMID: 29675397 PMCID: PMC5895767 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
While adjuvant treatments of early breast cancers (BCs) had significantly improved patients’ overall survival, some of them will still develop locoregional relapses and/or severe late radio-induced toxicities. Here, we propose to review how to personalize locoregional treatment by identifying patients at high and low risk of locoregional relapse, patients at risk of late radio-induced side effects. We will, therefore, discuss how to enhance BC radiosensitivity. Finally, we will address how personalized radiotherapy could be implemented in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Azria
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Muriel Brengues
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Gourgou
- Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
| | - Celine Bourgier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Montpellier, France
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