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Huang L, Chen X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Qiu X. Elucidating epigenetic mechanisms governing odontogenic differentiation in dental pulp stem cells: an in-depth exploration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1394582. [PMID: 38863943 PMCID: PMC11165363 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1394582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to the mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification that influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These epigenetic modifications can regulate gene transcription, splicing, and stability, thereby impacting cell differentiation, development, and disease occurrence. The formation of dentin is intrinsically linked to the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are recognized as the optimal cell source for dentin-pulp regeneration due to their varied odontogenic potential, strong proliferative and angiogenic characteristics, and ready accessibility Numerous studies have demonstrated the critical role of epigenetic regulation in DPSCs differentiation into specific cell types. This review thus provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms by which epigenetic regulation controls the odontogenesis fate of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoling Qiu
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Rice RC, Gil DV, Baratta AM, Frawley RR, Hill SY, Farris SP, Homanics GE. Inter- and transgenerational heritability of preconception chronic stress or alcohol exposure: Translational outcomes in brain and behavior. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100603. [PMID: 38234394 PMCID: PMC10792982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress and alcohol (ethanol) use are highly interrelated and can change an individual's behavior through molecular adaptations that do not change the DNA sequence, but instead change gene expression. A recent wealth of research has found that these nongenomic changes can be transmitted across generations, which could partially account for the "missing heritability" observed in genome-wide association studies of alcohol use disorder and other stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize the molecular and behavioral outcomes of nongenomic inheritance of chronic stress and ethanol exposure and the germline mechanisms that could give rise to this heritability. In doing so, we outline the need for further research to: (1) Investigate individual germline mechanisms of paternal, maternal, and biparental nongenomic chronic stress- and ethanol-related inheritance; (2) Synthesize and dissect cross-generational chronic stress and ethanol exposure; (3) Determine cross-generational molecular outcomes of preconception ethanol exposure that contribute to alcohol-related disease risk, using cancer as an example. A detailed understanding of the cross-generational nongenomic effects of stress and/or ethanol will yield novel insight into the impact of ancestral perturbations on disease risk across generations and uncover actionable targets to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Rice
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniela V. Gil
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annalisa M. Baratta
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Remy R. Frawley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shirley Y. Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sean P. Farris
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gregg E. Homanics
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Lan YW, Chen WR, Chang GRL, Chen YC, Chong KY, Chuang KC, Kao YT, Chen MS, Chen CM. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 (AKR1A1) exerts a protective function in alcohol-associated liver disease by reducing 4-HNE accumulation and p53 activation. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:18. [PMID: 38308335 PMCID: PMC10837880 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01200-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is influenced by the amount and duration of alcohol consumption. The resulting liver damage can range from reversible stages, such as steatosis, steatohepatitis and alcoholic fibrosis, to the advanced and irreversible stage of cirrhosis. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 (AKR1A1) is a member of the aldo-keto reductase family that catalyzes the reduction of aldehyde groups to their corresponding alcohols in an NADPH-dependent manner. AKR1A1 was found to be downregulated in patients diagnosed with ALD. This study aims to interpret the protective effects of AKR1A1 on the development of ALD. METHODS A 5% alcohol-fed (AF) Akr1a1 knockout (Akr1a1-/-) mouse model and an AML12 hepatocyte model were used. The effects of AKR1A1 on liver function, inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and fibrosis were assessed by ELISA, western blotting, RT‒PCR, and a variety of histological staining methods in AF-induced wild-type (WT) and Akr1a1-/- mice compared to control liquid diet-fed (PF) WT and Akr1a1-/- mice. RESULTS The results demonstrated that AF-WT mice expressed higher levels of AKR1A1 than WT mice fed a control diet, and they did not show any noticeable liver steatosis. However, AF-Akr1a1-/- mice displayed a lower survival rate and more severe liver injury than AF-WT mice, as demonstrated by increased proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, fibrosis, and reduced antioxidant enzymes in their livers. Additionally, elevated levels of 4-HNE and p53 phosphorylation were observed in AF-Akr1a1-/- mice, suggesting that the loss of AKR1A1 led to increased 4-HNE accumulation and subsequent activation of p53, which contributed to the progression of ALD. Furthermore, in AML12 hepatocytes, Akr1a1 knockdown aggravated oxidative stress and steatosis induced by palmitic acid/oleic acid (P/O) inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and fibrosis induced by TGF-β1. CONCLUSIONS This loss-of-function study suggests that AKR1A1 plays a liver-protective role during chronic alcohol consumption by reducing the accumulation of 4-HNE and inhibiting 4-HNE-mediated p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Wei Lan
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wan-Ru Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Gary Ro-Lin Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Cheng Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Medical Research Lab, Bone and Joint Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tsung Kao
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, 600, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Doctoral Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Kuo Kuang Rd, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.
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Kurokawa S, Kobori T, Yoneda M, Ogawa Y, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Imajo K, Saito S, Nakajima A, Hotta K. Identification of differentially methylated regions associated with both liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:57. [PMID: 38302914 PMCID: PMC10832174 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have previously reported that differentially methylated regions (DMRs) are correlated with the fibrosis stages of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In this study, the methylation levels of those DMRs in liver fibrosis and subsequent HCC were examined. METHODS The methylation levels of DMRs were investigated using alcoholic cirrhosis and HCC (GSE60753). The data of hepatitis C virus-infected cirrhosis and HCC (GSE60753), and two datasets (GSE56588 and GSE89852) were used for replication analyses. The transcriptional analyses were performed using GSE114564, GSE94660, and GSE142530. RESULTS Hypomethylated DMR and increased transcriptional level of zinc finger and BTB domain containing 38 (ZBTB38) were observed in HCC. Hypermethylated DMRs, and increased transcriptional levels of forkhead box K1 (FOXK1) and zinc finger CCCH-type containing 3 (ZC3H3) were observed in HCC. The methylation levels of DMR of kazrin, periplakin interacting protein (KAZN) and its expression levels were gradually decreased as cirrhosis progressed to HCC. CONCLUSIONS Changes in the methylation and transcriptional levels of ZBTB38, ZC3H3, FOXK1, and KAZN are important for the development of fibrosis and HCC; and are therefore potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic tools for cirrhosis and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Kurokawa
- Laboratoy of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Takuro Kobori
- Laboratoy of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan
| | - Masato Yoneda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Yokohama Medical Center, 3-60-2 Harajyuku, Totsuka, Yokohama, 245-8675, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takaomi Kessoku
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
- Department of Palliative Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852, Hatakeda, Narita, 286-8520, Japan
| | - Kento Imajo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, 255 Furusawatsuko, Asao, Kawasaki, 2150-0026, Japan
| | - Satoru Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kikuko Hotta
- Laboratoy of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka, 584-8540, Japan.
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Bian Y, Gao Y, Lu C, Tian B, Xin L, Lin H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhou S, Wan K, Zhou J, Li Z, Chen H, Wang L. Genome-wide methylation profiling identified methylated KCNA3 and OTOP2 as promising diagnostic markers for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023:00029330-990000000-00789. [PMID: 37650127 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) can considerably improve the prognosis of patients. Aberrant cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation signatures are a promising tool for detecting ESCC. However, available markers based on cell-free DNA methylation are still inadequate. This study aimed to identify ESCC-specific cfDNA methylation markers and evaluate the diagnostic performance in the early detection of ESCC. METHODS We performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) for 24 ESCC tissues and their normal adjacent tissues. Based on the WGBS data, we identified 21,469,837 eligible CpG sites (CpGs). By integrating several methylation datasets, we identified several promising ESCC-specific cell-free DNA methylation markers. Finally, we developed a dual-marker panel based on methylated KCNA3 and OTOP2, and then, we evaluated its performance in our training and validation cohorts. RESULTS The ESCC diagnostic model constructed based on KCNA3 and OTOP2 had an AUC of 0.91 [95% CI: 0.85-0.95], and an optimal sensitivity and specificity of 84.91% and 94.32%, respectively, in the training cohort. In the independent validation cohort, the AUC was 0.88 [95% CI: 0.83-0.92], along with an optimal sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity of 92.9%. The model sensitivity for stage I-II ESCC was 78.4%, which was slightly lower than the sensitivity of the model (85.7%) for stage III-IV ESCC. CONCLUSIONS The dual-target panel based on cfDNA showed excellent performance for detecting ESCC and might be an alternative strategy for screening ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Bian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Chaojing Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Lei Xin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Kangkang Wan
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei430000, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Wuhan Ammunition Life-tech Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei430000, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Hezhong Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Luowei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai200433, China
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Jia X, Li R, Zhang X, Zhou T, Sun D, Yang N, Luo Z. Increased age, bilirubin, international normalized ratio, and creatinine score to triglyceride ratio are associated with alcohol-associated primary liver carcinoma: a single-centered retrospective study. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:117. [PMID: 37537579 PMCID: PMC10401853 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01888-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study analyzed the clinical features and biomarkers of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) to investigate the diagnostic value of age, bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), and creatinine (ABIC) score to triglyceride (TG) ratio (ABIC/TG) in ALD-associated primary liver carcinoma (PLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from 410 participants with ALD, and the epidemiological and clinical records of 266 participants were analyzed. Participants were divided into ALD-without-PLC and ALD-associated-PLC groups. Relationships between clinical characteristics, biomarkers and ALD-associated PLC were estimated. Serum lipid levels and liver function were compared between ALD patients without PLC and patients with ALD-associated PLC. Scoring systems were calculated to investigate ALD severity. The robustness of the relationship was analyzed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Age and dyslipidemia were more strongly associated with ALD-associated PLC than with ALD-without PLC, with AORs of 2.39 and 0.25, respectively, with P less than 0.05. Drinking time and average daily intake, ABIC score, and ABIC/TG ratio were significantly higher in the ALD-associated-PLC group than in the ALD-without-PLC group. The AUC for the ABIC/TG ratio predicting the incidence of PLC was 0.80 (P < 0.01), which was higher than that of the ABIC and TG scores alone; additionally, the specificity and Youden index for the ABIC/TG ratio were also higher, and the cutoff value was 6.99. CONCLUSIONS In ALD patients, age, drinking time, and average daily intake were risk factors for PLC. Drinking time, average daily intake, TG and ABIC score have diagnostic value for ALD-associated PLC. The ABIC/TG ratio had a higher AUC value and Youden index than the ABIC score and TG level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, 250010, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, 250010, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, 250010, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, 250010, P.R. China
| | - Dalong Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, 250010, P.R. China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, 250010, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, 250010, P.R. China.
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Goncharova IA, Zarubin AA, Babushkina NP, Koroleva IA, Nazarenko MS. Changes in DNA methylation profile in liver tissue during progression of HCV-induced fibrosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:72-82. [PMID: 36923478 PMCID: PMC10009477 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we compared methylation levels of 27,578 CpG sites between paired samples of the tumor and surrounding liver tissues with various degrees of damage (fibrosis, cirrhosis) in HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, as well as between tumor and normal tissue in non-viral HCC patients, using GSE73003 and GSE37988 data from GEODataSets (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). A significantly lower number of differentially methylated sites (DMS) were found between HCC of non-viral etiology and normal liver tissue, as well as between HCC and fibrosis (32 and 40), than between HCC and cirrhosis (2450 and 2304, respectively, according to GSE73003 and GSE37988 datasets). As the pathological changes in the tissue surrounding the tumor progress, the ratio of hyper-/hypomethylated DMSs in the tumor decreases. Thus, in tumor tissues compared with normal/fibrosis/cirrhosis of the liver, 75/62.5/47.7 % (GSE73003) and 16 % (GSE37988) of CpG sites are hypermethylated, respectively. Persistent hypermethylation of the ZNF154 and ZNF540 genes, as well as CCL20 hypomethylation, were registered in tumor tissue in relation to both liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. Protein products of the EDG4, CCL20, GPR109A, and GRM8 genes, whose CpG sites are characterized by changes in DNA methylation level in tumor tissue in the setting of cirrhosis and fibrosis, belong to "Signaling by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)" category. However, changes in the methylation level of the "driver" genes for oncopathology (АРС, CDKN2B, GSTP1, ELF4, TERT, WT1) are registered in tumor tissue in the setting of liver cirrhosis but not fibrosis. Among the genes hypermethylated in tumor tissue in the setting of liver cirrhosis, the most represented biological pathways are developmental processes, cell-cell signaling, transcription regulation, Wnt-protein binding. Genes hypomethylated in liver tumor tissue in the setting of liver cirrhosis are related to olfactory signal transduction, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, keratinization, immune response, inhibition of serine proteases, and zinc metabolism. The genes hypermethylated in the tumor are located at the 7p15.2 locus in the HOXA cluster region, and the hypomethylated CpG sites occupy extended regions of the genome in the gene clusters of olfactory receptors (11p15.4), keratin and keratin-associated proteins (12q13.13, 17q21.2, and 21q22.11), epidermal differentiation complex (1q21.3), and immune system function loci 9p21.3 (IFNA, IFNB1, IFNW1 cluster) and 19q13.41-19q13.42 (KLK, SIGLEC, LILR, KIR clusters). Among the genes of fibrogenesis or DNA repair, cg14143055 (ADAMDEC1) is located in the binding region of the HOX gene family transcription factors (TFs), while cg05921699 (CD79A), cg06196379 (TREM1) and cg10990993 (MLH1) are located in the binding region of the ZNF protein family transcription factor (TF). Thus, the DNA methylation profile in the liver in HCV-induced HCC is unique and differs depending on the degree of surrounding tissue lesion - liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Goncharova
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A A Zarubin
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N P Babushkina
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - I A Koroleva
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M S Nazarenko
- Research Institute of Medical Genetics, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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Tao S, Liang S, Zeng T, Yin D. Epigenetic modification-related mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1043667. [PMID: 36685594 PMCID: PMC9845774 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes most primary liver cancers and is one of the most lethal and life-threatening malignancies globally. Unfortunately, a substantial proportion of HCC patients are identified at an advanced stage that is unavailable for curative surgery. Thus, palliative therapies represented by multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) sorafenib remained the front-line treatment over the past decades. Recently, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially targeting the PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 axis, has achieved an inspiring clinical breakthrough for treating unresectable solid tumors. However, many HCC patients with poor responses lead to limited benefits in clinical applications, which has quickly drawn researchers' attention to the regulatory mechanisms of immune checkpoints in HCC immune evasion. Evasion of immune surveillance by cancer is attributed to intricate reprogramming modulation in the tumor microenvironment. Currently, more and more studies have found that epigenetic modifications, such as chromatin structure remodeling, DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and non-coding RNA levels, may contribute significantly to remodeling the tumor microenvironment to avoid immune clearance, affecting the efficacy of immunotherapy for HCC. This review summarizes the rapidly emerging progress of epigenetic-related changes during HCC resistance to ICIs and discusses the mechanisms of underlying epigenetic therapies available for surmounting immune resistance. Finally, we summarize the clinical advances in combining epigenetic therapies with immunotherapy, aiming to promote the formation of immune combination therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Tao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuhang Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Taofei Zeng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dalong Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Kim M, Delgado E, Ko S. DNA methylation in cell plasticity and malignant transformation in liver diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108334. [PMID: 36535346 PMCID: PMC9841769 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The liver possesses extraordinary regenerative capacity mainly attributable to the ability of hepatocytes (HCs) and biliary epithelial cells (BECs) to self-replicate. This ability is left over from their bipotent parent cell, the hepatoblast, during development. When this innate regeneration is compromised due to the absence of proliferative parenchymal cells, such as during cirrhosis, HCs and BEC can transdifferentiate; thus, adding another layer of complexity to the process of liver repair. In addition, dysregulated lineage maintenance in these two cell populations has been shown to promote malignant growth in experimental conditions. Here, malignant transformation, driven in part by insufficient maintenance of lineage reprogramming, contributes to end-stage liver disease. Epigenetic changes are key drivers for cell fate decisions as well as transformation by finetuning overall transcription and gene expression. In this review, we address how altered DNA methylation contributes to the initiation and progression of hepatic cell fate conversion and cancer formation. We also discussed the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting DNA methylation in liver cancer, its current limitations, and what future research is necessary to facilitate its contribution to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwook Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Evan Delgado
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sungjin Ko
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
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10
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Fan Z, Chen R, Li M, Gu J, Li X, Wei W. Association between CDH1 methylation and esophageal cancer risk: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics study. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:895-903. [PMID: 36254608 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2132853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim is to evaluate the association of CDH1 methylation with esophageal cancer (EC) risk. METHODS The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify relevant articles. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the fixed- or random-effects models. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of CDH1 methylation for EC. The results of the meta-analysis were validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. RESULTS Thirteen studies consisting of 1,633 samples were included. A high CDH1 methylation was significantly associated with an increased risk of EC (OR = 10.40, 95% CI = 6.29-17.18). Furthermore, CDH1 methylation status was related to tumor status, lymph node status, and metastasis. For the diagnosis of EC, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of CDH1 methylation were 0.57 (95% CI = 0.39-0.74) and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.81-0.94), respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that CDH1 methylation occurred more frequently in EC tissues than in normal controls, in good agreement with the results of the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION A significant association was found between CDH1 methylation and EC risk. We therefore suggest that CDH1 methylation can serve as a promising diagnostic marker for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fan
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Ru Chen
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Minjuan Li
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Jianhua Gu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Peking, China
| | - Xinqing Li
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Peking, China
| | - Wenqiang Wei
- National Central Cancer Registry, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, Peking, China
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11
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Gonçalves E, Gonçalves-Reis M, Pereira-Leal JB, Cardoso J. DNA methylation fingerprint of hepatocellular carcinoma from tissue and liquid biopsies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11512. [PMID: 35798798 PMCID: PMC9262906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is amongst the cancers with highest mortality rates and is the most common malignancy of the liver. Early detection is vital to provide the best treatment possible and liquid biopsies combined with analysis of circulating tumour DNA methylation show great promise as a non-invasive approach for early cancer diagnosis and monitoring with low false negative rates. To identify reliable diagnostic biomarkers of early HCC, we performed a systematic analysis of multiple hepatocellular studies and datasets comprising > 1500 genome-wide DNA methylation arrays, to define a methylation signature predictive of HCC in both tissue and cell-free DNA liquid biopsy samples. Our machine learning pipeline identified differentially methylated regions in HCC, some associated with transcriptional repression of genes related with cancer progression, that benchmarked positively against independent methylation signatures. Combining our signature of 38 DNA methylation regions, we derived a HCC detection score which confirmed the utility of our approach by identifying in an independent dataset 96% of HCC tissue samples with a precision of 98%, and most importantly successfully separated cfDNA of tumour samples from healthy controls. Notably, our risk score could identify cell-free DNA samples from patients with other tumours, including colorectal cancer. Taken together, we propose a comprehensive HCC DNA methylation fingerprint and an associated risk score for detection of HCC from tissue and liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Gonçalves
- Ophiomics, Pólo Tecnológico de 8, R. Cupertino de Miranda 9, 1600-513, Lisbon, Portugal.,INESC-ID, 1000-029, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Gonçalves-Reis
- Ophiomics, Pólo Tecnológico de 8, R. Cupertino de Miranda 9, 1600-513, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José B Pereira-Leal
- Ophiomics, Pólo Tecnológico de 8, R. Cupertino de Miranda 9, 1600-513, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Cardoso
- Ophiomics, Pólo Tecnológico de 8, R. Cupertino de Miranda 9, 1600-513, Lisbon, Portugal.
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12
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Kurokawa S, Yoneda M, Ogawa Y, Honda Y, Kessoku T, Imajo K, Saito S, Nakajima A, Hotta K. Two differentially methylated region networks in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:278. [PMID: 35655171 PMCID: PMC9164838 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02360-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that two differentially methylated region (DMR) networks identified by DMR and co-methylation analyses are strongly correlated with the fibrosis stages of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the current study, we examined these DMR networks in viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We performed co-methylation analysis of DMRs using a normal dataset (GSE48325), two NAFLD datasets (JGAS000059 and GSE31803), and two HCC datasets (GSE89852 and GSE56588). The dataset GSE60753 was used for validation. Results One DMR network was clearly observed in viral hepatitis and two HCC populations. Methylation levels of genes in this network were higher in viral hepatitis and cirrhosis, and lower in HCC. Fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1), serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2 (SGK2), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4A) were potential hub genes in this network. Increased methylation levels of the FABP1 gene may be correlated with reduced protection of hepatocytes from oxidative metabolites in NAFLD and viral hepatitis. The decreased methylation levels of SGK2 may facilitate the growth and proliferation of HCC cells. Decreased methylation levels of HNF4A in HCC may be associated with tumorigenesis. The other DMR network was observed in NAFLD, but not in viral hepatitis or HCC. This second network included genes involved in transcriptional regulation, cytoskeleton organization, and cellular proliferation, which are specifically related to fibrosis and/or tumorigenesis in NAFLD. Conclusions Our results suggest that one DMR network was associated with fibrosis and tumorigenesis in both NAFLD and viral hepatitis, while the other network was specifically associated with NAFLD progression. Furthermore, FABP1, SGK2, and HNF4A are potential candidate targets for the prevention and treatment of HCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02360-4.
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13
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5-Azacytidine Downregulates the Proliferation and Migration of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo by Targeting miR-139-5p/ROCK2 Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071630. [PMID: 35406401 PMCID: PMC8996928 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the second most common cause of cancer-related death, effective therapeutic approaches are lacking. As aberrant gene methylation is a major contributor to the development of HCC, demethylating drugs such as 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) have been proposed. However, despite the potential efficacy of 5-Aza in HCC, most of its mechanisms of action are still unknown. Here, we investigate the phenotypic/molecular effects of 5-Aza with a focus on miR-139-5p. Using multiple in vitro and in vivo models of HCC, we show for the first time that 5-Aza can impair HCC development via upregulation of miR-139-5p, which in turn downregulates the ROCK2/cyclin D1/E2F1/cyclin B1 pro-proliferative pathway and the ROCK2/MMP-2 pro-migratory pathway. These observations elucidate the mechanisms of action of 5-Aza in HCC, strengthen its therapeutic potential, and provide novel information about the crosstalk among ROCK2/cyclin D1/E2F1/cyclin B1/MMP-2 in HCC. Abstract Background: For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), effective therapeutic approaches are lacking. As aberrant gene methylation is a major contributor to HCC development, demethylating drugs such as 5-azacytidine (5-Aza) have been proposed. As most 5-Aza mechanisms of action are unknown, we investigated its phenotypic/molecular effects. Methods: 5-Aza effects were examined in the human HCC cell lines JHH-6/HuH-7 and in the rat cell-line N1-S1. We also employed a xenograft mouse model (HuH-7), a zebrafish model (JHH-6), and an orthotopic syngeneic rat model (N1-S1) of HCC. Results: 5-Aza downregulated cell viability/growth/migration/adhesion by upregulating miR-139-5p, which in turn downregulated ROCK2/cyclin D1/E2F1 and increased p27kip1, resulting in G1/G0 cell accumulation. Moreover, a decrease in cyclin B1 and an increase in p27kip1 led to G2/M accumulation. Finally, we observed a decrease in MMP-2 levels, a stimulator of HCC cell migration. Aza effects were confirmed in the mouse model; in the zebrafish model, we also demonstrated the downregulation of tumor neo-angiogenesis, and in the orthotopic rat model, we observed impaired N1-S1 grafting in a healthy liver. Conclusion: We demonstrate for the first time that 5-Aza can impair HCC development via upregulation of miR-139-5p, which in turn impairs the ROCK2/cyclin D1/E2F1/cyclin B1 pro-proliferative pathway and the ROCK2/MMP-2 pro-migratory pathway. Thus, we provide novel information about 5-Aza mechanisms of action and deepen the knowledge about the crosstalk among ROCK2/cyclin D1/E2F1/cyclin B1/p27kip1/MMP-2 in HCC.
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14
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Mensah IK, Norvil AB, AlAbdi L, McGovern S, Petell CJ, He M, Gowher H. Misregulation of the expression and activity of DNA methyltransferases in cancer. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab045. [PMID: 34870206 PMCID: PMC8634572 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, DNA methyltransferases DNMT1 and DNMT3's (A, B and L) deposit and maintain DNA methylation in dividing and nondividing cells. Although these enzymes have an unremarkable DNA sequence specificity (CpG), their regional specificity is regulated by interactions with various protein factors, chromatin modifiers, and post-translational modifications of histones. Changes in the DNMT expression or interacting partners affect DNA methylation patterns. Consequently, the acquired gene expression may increase the proliferative potential of cells, often concomitant with loss of cell identity as found in cancer. Aberrant DNA methylation, including hypermethylation and hypomethylation at various genomic regions, therefore, is a hallmark of most cancers. Additionally, somatic mutations in DNMTs that affect catalytic activity were mapped in Acute Myeloid Leukemia cancer cells. Despite being very effective in some cancers, the clinically approved DNMT inhibitors lack specificity, which could result in a wide range of deleterious effects. Elucidating distinct molecular mechanisms of DNMTs will facilitate the discovery of alternative cancer therapeutic targets. This review is focused on: (i) the structure and characteristics of DNMTs, (ii) the prevalence of mutations and abnormal expression of DNMTs in cancer, (iii) factors that mediate their abnormal expression and (iv) the effect of anomalous DNMT-complexes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaiah K Mensah
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Lama AlAbdi
- Department of Zoology, Collage of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah McGovern
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Ming He
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Humaira Gowher
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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15
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Bai Y, Tong W, Xie F, Zhu L, Wu H, Shi R, Wang L, Yang L, Liu Z, Miao F, Zhao Q, Zhang Y. DNA methylation biomarkers for diagnosis of primary liver cancer and distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17592-17606. [PMID: 34237708 PMCID: PMC8312421 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are the two most common pathology subtypes of primary liver cancer (PLC). Identifying DNA methylation biomarkers for diagnosis of PLC and further distinguishing HCC from ICC plays a vital role in subsequent treatment options selection. To obtain potential diagnostic DNA methylation sites for PLC, differentially methylated CpG (DMC) sites were first screened by comparing the methylation data between normal liver samples and PLC samples (ICC samples and HCC samples). A random forest algorithm was then used to select specific DMC sites with top Gini value. To avoid overfitting, another cohort was taken as an external validation for evaluating the area under curves (AUCs) of different DMC sites combination. A similar model construction strategy was applied to distinguish HCC from ICC. In addition, we identified DNA Methylation-Driven Genes in HCC and ICC via MethylMix method and performed pathway analysis by utilizing MetaCore. Finally, we not only performed methylator phenotype based on independent prognostic sites but also analyzed the correlations between methylator phenotype and clinical factors in HCC and ICC, respectively. To diagnose PLC, we developed a model based on three PLC-specific methylation sites (cg24035245, cg21072795, and cg00261162), whose sensitivity and specificity achieved 98.8%,94.8% in training set and 97.3%,81% in validation set. Then, to further divide the PLC samples into HCC and ICC, we established another mode through three methylation sites (cg17769836, cg17591574, and cg07823562), HCC accuracy and ICC accuracy achieved 95.8%, 89.8% in the training set and 96.8%,85.4% in the validation set. In HCC, the enrichment pathways were mainly related to protein folding, oxidative stress, and glutathione metabolism. While in ICC, immune response, embryonic hepatocyte maturation were the top pathways. Both in HCC and ICC, methylator phenotype correlated well with overall survival time and clinical factors involved in tumor progression. In summary, our study provides the biomarkers based on methylation sites not only for the diagnosis of PLC but also for distinguishing HCC from ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Tong
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fucun Xie
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS and PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Liuyang Zhu
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Tianjin First Central Hospital Clinic Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lianjiang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhisong Liu
- Department of Statistics, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics Pearl River College, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Miao
- Department of Statistics, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics Pearl River College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaming Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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16
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Arechederra M, Recalde M, Gárate-Rascón M, Fernández-Barrena MG, Ávila MA, Berasain C. Epigenetic Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1265. [PMID: 33809263 PMCID: PMC7998165 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in the last decades has demonstrated the relevance of epigenetics in controlling gene expression to maintain cell homeostasis, and the important role played by epigenome alterations in disease development. Moreover, the reversibility of epigenetic marks can be harnessed as a therapeutic strategy, and epigenetic marks can be used as diagnosis biomarkers. Epigenetic alterations in DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications (PTMs), and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression have been associated with the process of hepatocarcinogenesis. Here, we summarize epigenetic alterations involved in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease (CLD), particularly focusing on DNA methylation. We also discuss their utility as epigenetic biomarkers in liquid biopsy for the diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Finally, we discuss the potential of epigenetic therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Arechederra
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Recalde
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
| | - María Gárate-Rascón
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
| | - Maite G. Fernández-Barrena
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías A. Ávila
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Program of Hepatology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (M.A.); (M.R.); (M.G.-R.); (M.G.F.-B.)
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Grady WM, Yu M, Markowitz SD. Epigenetic Alterations in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Current and Emerging Use for Biomarkers of Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:690-709. [PMID: 33279516 PMCID: PMC7878343 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, and esophageal cancer are leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. A fundamental trait of virtually all gastrointestinal cancers is genomic and epigenomic DNA alterations. Cancer cells acquire genetic and epigenetic alterations that drive the initiation and progression of the cancers by altering the molecular and cell biological processes of the cells. These alterations, as well as other host and microenvironment factors, ultimately mediate the clinical behavior of the precancers and cancers and can be used as biomarkers for cancer risk determination, early detection of cancer and precancer, determination of the prognosis of cancer and prediction of the response to therapy. Epigenetic alterations have emerged as one of most robust classes of biomarkers and are the basis for a growing number of clinical tests for cancer screening and surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M. Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ming Yu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
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18
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Aftab A, Afzal S, Idrees M, Shahid AA. p53 and rb promoter methylation in hepatitis C virus-related chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Future Virol 2021. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2020-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To identify methylation in p53 and rb during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in individuals in Pakistan. Materials & methods: Methylation-specific PCR was used on liver biopsies from hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis C patients and on blood samples from healthy individuals. Real-time PCR was used to assess changes in the expression of p53 and rb in Huh-7 cells transfected with HCV-3a. Results: The p53 and rb promoters were methylated in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. The presence of HCV-3a- Core (p = 0.03), HCV-3a- NS-3 (p = 0.01) and HCV-3a- NS-5a (p = 0.02) downregulated p53 expression. Exposure to HCV-3a- Core (p = 0.04) downregulated rb expression. Conclusion: It can be hypothesized that HCV-induced epigenetic modifications may lead to the development of hepatic cancer that in turn inactivates p53 and rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayma Aftab
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samia Afzal
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali Shahid
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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19
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Fernández-Barrena MG, Arechederra M, Colyn L, Berasain C, Avila MA. Epigenetics in hepatocellular carcinoma development and therapy: The tip of the iceberg. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100167. [PMID: 33134907 PMCID: PMC7585149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a deadly tumour whose causative agents are generally well known, but whose pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Nevertheless, key genetic alterations are emerging from a heterogeneous molecular landscape, providing information on the tumorigenic process from initiation to progression. Among these molecular alterations, those that affect epigenetic processes are increasingly recognised as contributing to carcinogenesis from preneoplastic stages. The epigenetic machinery regulates gene expression through intertwined and partially characterised circuits involving chromatin remodelers, covalent DNA and histone modifications, and dedicated proteins reading these modifications. In this review, we summarise recent findings on HCC epigenetics, focusing mainly on changes in DNA and histone modifications and their carcinogenic implications. We also discuss the potential drugs that target epigenetic mechanisms for HCC treatment, either alone or in combination with current therapies, including immunotherapies.
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Key Words
- 5acC, 5-acetylcytosine
- 5fC, 5-formylcytosine
- 5hmC, 5-hydoxymethyl cytosine
- 5mC, 5-methylcytosine
- Acetyl-CoA, acetyl coenzyme A
- BER, base excision repair
- BRD, bromodomain
- CDA, cytidine deaminase
- CGI, CpG island
- CIMP, CGI methylator phenotype
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- DNMTi, DNMT inhibitor
- Epigenetics
- FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide
- HAT, histone acetyltransferases
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HDAC, histone deacetylase
- HDACi, HDAC inhibitor
- HDM, histone demethylase
- HMT, histone methyltransferase
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- KMT, lysine methyltransferase
- LSD/KDM, lysine specific demethylases
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NK, natural killer
- NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand-1
- PD1, programmed cell death protein 1
- PHD, plant homeodomain
- PTM, post-translational modification
- SAM, S-adenosyl-L-methionine
- TDG, thymidine-DNA-glycosylase
- TERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase
- TET, ten-eleven translocation
- TME, tumour microenvironment
- TSG, tumour suppressor gene
- Therapy
- UHRF1, ubiquitin like with PHD and ring finger domains 1
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- ncRNAs, non-coding RNAs
- α-KG, α-ketoglutarate
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite G. Fernández-Barrena
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Arechederra
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leticia Colyn
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Berasain
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Matias A. Avila
- Hepatology Program CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- National Institute for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd, Carlos III Health Institute), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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20
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Schmidt M, Maié T, Dahl E, Costa IG, Wagner W. Deconvolution of cellular subsets in human tissue based on targeted DNA methylation analysis at individual CpG sites. BMC Biol 2020; 18:178. [PMID: 33234153 PMCID: PMC7687708 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The complex composition of different cell types within a tissue can be estimated by deconvolution of bulk gene expression profiles or with various single-cell sequencing approaches. Alternatively, DNA methylation (DNAm) profiles have been used to establish an atlas for multiple human tissues and cell types. DNAm is particularly suitable for deconvolution of cell types because each CG dinucleotide (CpG site) has only two states per DNA strand—methylated or non-methylated—and these epigenetic modifications are very consistent during cellular differentiation. So far, deconvolution of DNAm profiles implies complex signatures of many CpGs that are often measured by genome-wide analysis with Illumina BeadChip microarrays. In this study, we investigated if the characterization of cell types in tissue is also feasible with individual cell type-specific CpG sites, which can be addressed by targeted analysis, such as pyrosequencing. Results We compiled and curated 579 Illumina 450k BeadChip DNAm profiles of 14 different non-malignant human cell types. A training and validation strategy was applied to identify and test for cell type-specific CpGs. We initially focused on estimating the relative amount of fibroblasts using two CpGs that were either hypermethylated or hypomethylated in fibroblasts. The combination of these two DNAm levels into a “FibroScore” correlated with the state of fibrosis and was associated with overall survival in various types of cancer. Furthermore, we identified hypomethylated CpGs for leukocytes, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, hepatocytes, glia, neurons, fibroblasts, and induced pluripotent stem cells. The accuracy of this eight CpG signature was tested in additional BeadChip datasets of defined cell mixtures and the results were comparable to previously published signatures based on several thousand CpGs. Finally, we established and validated pyrosequencing assays for the relevant CpGs that can be utilized for classification and deconvolution of cell types. Conclusion This proof of concept study demonstrates that DNAm analysis at individual CpGs reflects the cellular composition of cellular mixtures and different tissues. Targeted analysis of these genomic regions facilitates robust methods for application in basic research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Schmidt
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Cell Biology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tiago Maié
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Edgar Dahl
- RWTH centralized Biomaterial Bank (RWTH cBMB), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University Medical School, 52074, Aachen, Germany. .,Institute for Biomedical Engineering - Cell Biology, University Hospital of RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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21
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Abstract
An excessive alcohol intake may result in fatty liver, acute/chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this review is to clarify the present condition and the mechanisms of alcohol-related hepatocarcinogenesis and clinical risk factors for alcohol-related HCC. There are several possible mechanisms through which alcohol may induce hepatocarcinogenesis, including the mutagenic effects of acetaldehyde toxicity through the formation of protein and DNA adducts and the production of reactive oxygen species due to the excessive hepatic deposition of iron, changes to lipid peroxidation and metabolism, inflammation and an impaired immune response and modifications to DNA methylation. Furthermore, it has been reported that alcohol accelerates liver carcinogenesis through several signaling pathways including gut-liver axis. From a clinical perspective, it is well known that alcohol interacts with other factors, such as age, gender, viral hepatitis, obesity, and diabetes leading to an increased risk of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Taniai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Yang D, Holsten T, Börnigen D, Frank S, Mawrin C, Glatzel M, Schüller U. Ependymoma relapse goes along with a relatively stable epigenome, but a severely altered tumor morphology. Brain Pathol 2020; 31:33-44. [PMID: 32633004 PMCID: PMC8018105 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular biology of ependymomas is not well understood and this is particularly true for ependymoma relapses. We aimed at finding out if and to which extent, relapses differ from their corresponding primary tumors on the morphological, chromosomal and epigenetic level. We investigated 24 matched ependymoma primary and relapsed tumor samples and, as a first step, compared cell density, necrosis, vessel proliferation, Ki67 proliferative index, trimethylation at H3K27 and expression of CXorf67. For the investigation of global methylation profiles, we used public data in order to analyze copy number variation profiles, differential methylation, methylation status and fractions of hypo‐ and hypermethylated CpGs in different epigenomic substructures. Morphologically, we found a significant increase with relapse in cell density and proliferation. H3K27 trimethylation and CXorf67 expression remained stable between primary and relapse tumor samples, and the analysis of DNA methylation profiles neither revealed significant differences in copy number variations nor differentially methylated regions. Significant differences in the methylation status were found for CpG islands, but also in N Shelves or S Shelves, depending on the molecular subgroup. The fraction of probes changing their methylation in the epigenomic substructures appeared subgroup‐specific. Most changes occur in CpG islands, for which relapsed tumors demonstrate higher methylation values than primary tumors. The morphological differences reflect increased aggressiveness upon ependymoma relapse, but, despite slight changes, this observation does not appear to be sufficiently explained by epigenetic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Yang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Holsten
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Börnigen
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Frank
- Division for Neuropathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Institute for Neuropathology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Lv L, Zhao Y, Wei Q, Zhao Y, Yi Q. Downexpression of HSD17B6 correlates with clinical prognosis and tumor immune infiltrates in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:210. [PMID: 32514254 PMCID: PMC7268300 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxysteroid 17-Beta Dehydrogenase 6 (HSD17B6), a key protein involved in synthetizing dihydrotestosterone, is abundant in the liver. Previous studies have suggested a role for dihydrotestosterone in modulating progress of various malignancies, and HSD17B6 dysfunction was associated with lung cancer and prostate cancer. However, little is known about the detailed role of HSD17B6 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Clinical implication and survival data related to HSD17B6 expression in patients with HCC were obtained through TCGA, ICGC, ONCOMINE, GEO and HPA databases. Survival analysis plots were drawn with Kaplan–Meier Plotter. The ChIP-seq data were obtained from Cistrome DB. Protein–Protein Interaction and gene functional enrichment analyses were performed in STRING database. The correlations between HSD17B6 and tumor immune infiltrates was investigated via TIMER and xCell. The proliferation, migration and invasion of liver cancer cells transfected with HSD17B6 were evaluated by the CCK8 assay, wound healing test and transwell assay respectively. Expression of HSD17B6, TGFB1 and PD-L1 were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. Results HSD17B6 expression was lower in HCC compared to normal liver and correlated with tumor stage and grade. Lower expression of HSD17B6 was associated with worse OS, PFS, RFS and DSS in HCC patients. HNF4A bound to enhancer and promoter regions of HSD17B6 gene, activating its transcription, and DNA methylation of HSD17B6 promoter negatively controlled the expression. HSD17B6 and its interaction partners were involved in androgen metabolism and biosynthesis in liver. HSD17B6 inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion in liver cancer cells and low expression of HSD17B6 correlated with high immune cells infiltration, relative reduction of immune responses and multiple immune checkpoint genes expression in HCC, probably by regulating the expression of TGFB1. Conclusions This study indicate that HSD17B6 could be a new biomarker for the prognosis of HCC and an important negative regulator of immune responses in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230031 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Yujia Zhao
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Wei
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyi Yi
- Teaching and Research Section of Nuclear Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032 Anhui People's Republic of China
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24
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Yue X, Jiang X, Zou H, Li G, Wang J, Liu Y. Association of hepatocellular carcinoma risk with polymorphisms in tumour necrosis factor alpha gene in a Chinese Han population. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 47:286-293. [PMID: 31943768 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Studies have shown that the tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays an important role in the development of HCC; however, the association between genetic variations of TNF-α and HCC is not yet fully understood. To evaluate the correlation of TNF-α polymorphisms with HCC, we randomly selected 327 HCC patients and 432 healthy controls, all these subjects reported Han nationality. Genotyping of four TNF-α SNPs (rs1799724, rs1800629, rs1799964 and rs1800610) was performed using the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) method. Distributions of rs1799964 genotypes and rs1800610 alleles were found to be significantly different between cases and controls (p = .011, p = .001). The recessive model of rs1799964 significantly increased HCC risk (p = .0015), while the dominant and over-dominant models of rs1800610 significantly reduced HCC risk (p = .0096, p = .014). Haplotype analysis of the four TNF-α SNPs revealed that the TGTA haplotype was associated with a reduced HCC risk (p = .0033, OR = 0.53), while the TGTG haplotype was associated with an increased HCC risk (p = .0032, OR = 9.69). These findings indicated that specific TNF-α polymorphisms may be associated with the susceptibility to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongjiu Zou
- Changchun International Travel Healthcare Center, Changchun, China
| | - Gaokai Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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25
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Wang Y, Zhang S, Xie X, Chen Z, Wu L, Yu Z, Guo X, Chen G. Association of TNFRSF12A Methylation With Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma With History of Alcohol Consumption. Front Genet 2020; 10:1299. [PMID: 31998364 PMCID: PMC6964049 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer related death worldwide with a poor prognosis. Alcoholic liver disease accounts for approximately one-third of all HCC cases. Current evidence proved that aberrant over-expression of TNFRSF12A correlates with the severity of disease, making it a likely indicator of disease a more aggressive and worse prognosis outcome. Emerging studies have confirmed that epigenetic changes are critical events in the development and progression of liver cancer. The study to investigate the mechanisms by which alcohol abuse mediated changes in the methylation level of TNFRSF12A affect the occurrence, development and prognosis of HCC were under warranted. Thus, in this study we mined two publicly available datasets to detect the association between DNA methylation level of CpG sites in gene TNFRSF12A and the development of HCC in those with alcohol abuse history. Finally, we discovered that the hypomethylation of two methylation sites-cg00510447 and cg26808293-could identify HCC from other non-HCC liver diseases. Also, hypomethylation of these two sites could identify alcoholic cirrhosis from other non-hepatocellular carcinoma liver diseases. Most important, the prognostic analysis revealed that the hypomethylation of cg00510447 and cg26808293 in HCC patients with alcohol abuse history could predict poor prognosis. Further stratified analyses by gender discovered that in male HCC patients with alcohol abuse history, hypomethylation of cg26808293 signified poor prognosis. The further mechanism analysis revealed that the DNA methyltransferases DNMT3L might regulate TNFRSF12A methylation and affect the occurrence, development and prognosis of HCC, especially in patients with a history of alcohol abuse. These findings provide new insights into the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the transformation of alcoholic liver disease into HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Research Center of Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sina Zhang
- School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiaozai Xie
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Chen
- Division of Clinical Medicine, First School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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26
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Zheng Y, Hlady RA, Joyce BT, Robertson KD, He C, Nannini DR, Kibbe WA, Achenbach CJ, Murphy RL, Roberts LR, Hou L. DNA methylation of individual repetitive elements in hepatitis C virus infection-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:145. [PMID: 31639042 PMCID: PMC6802191 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The two most common repetitive elements (REs) in humans, long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) and Alu element (Alu), have been linked to various cancers. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) may cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by suppressing host defenses, through DNA methylation that controls the mobilization of REs. We aimed to investigate the role of RE methylation in HCV-induced HCC (HCV-HCC). Results We studied methylation of over 30,000 locus-specific REs across the genome in HCC, cirrhotic, and healthy liver tissues obtained by surgical resection. Relative to normal liver tissue, we observed the largest number of differentially methylated REs in HCV-HCC followed by alcohol-induced HCC (EtOH-HCC). After excluding EtOH-HCC-associated RE methylation (FDR < 0.001) and those unable to be validated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified 13 hypomethylated REs (11 LINE-1 and 2 Alu) and 2 hypermethylated REs (1 LINE-1 and 1 Alu) in HCV-HCC (FDR < 0.001). A majority of these REs were located in non-coding regions, preferentially enriched with chromatin repressive marks H3K27me3, and positively associated with gene expression (median correlation r = 0.32 across REs). We further constructed an HCV-HCC RE methylation score that distinguished HCV-HCC (lowest score), HCV-cirrhosis, and normal liver (highest score) in a dose-responsive manner (p for trend < 0.001). HCV-cirrhosis had a lower score than EtOH-cirrhosis (p = 0.038) and HCV-HCC had a lower score than EtOH-HCC in TCGA (p = 0.024). Conclusions Our findings indicate that HCV infection is associated with loss of DNA methylation in specific REs, which could implicate molecular mechanisms in liver cancer development. If our findings are validated in larger sample sizes, methylation of these REs may be useful as an early detection biomarker for HCV-HCC and/or a target for prevention of HCC in HCV-positive individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-019-0733-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Zheng
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611-4402, USA.
| | - Ryan A Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian T Joyce
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611-4402, USA
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Chunyan He
- University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Drew R Nannini
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611-4402, USA
| | - Warren A Kibbe
- Duke Cancer Institute and Duke School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Chad J Achenbach
- Center for Global Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robert L Murphy
- Center for Global Health, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Center for Global Oncology, Institute for Global Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 680 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL, 60611-4402, USA
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27
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Hlady RA, Zhao X, Pan X, Yang JD, Ahmed F, Antwi SO, Giama NH, Patel T, Roberts LR, Liu C, Robertson KD. Genome-wide discovery and validation of diagnostic DNA methylation-based biomarkers for hepatocellular cancer detection in circulating cell free DNA. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7239-7250. [PMID: 31695765 PMCID: PMC6831291 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent form of liver cancer, is growing in incidence but treatment options remain limited, particularly for late stage disease. As liver cirrhosis is the principal risk state for HCC development, markers to detect early HCC within this patient population are urgently needed. Perturbation of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation (5mC), is a hallmark of human cancers, including HCC. Identification of regions with consistently altered 5mC levels in circulating cell free DNA (cfDNA) during progression from cirrhosis to HCC could therefore serve as markers for development of minimally-invasive screens of early HCC diagnosis and surveillance. Methods: To discover DNA methylation derived biomarkers of HCC in the background of liver cirrhosis, we profiled genome-wide 5mC landscapes in patient cfDNA using the Infinium HumanMethylation450k BeadChip Array. We further linked these findings to primary tissue data available from TCGA and other public sources. Using biological and statistical frameworks, we selected CpGs that robustly differentiated cirrhosis from HCC in primary tissue and cfDNA followed by validation in an additional independent cohort. Results: We identified CpGs that segregate patients with cirrhosis, from patients with HCC within a cirrhotic liver background, through genome-wide analysis of cfDNA 5mC landscapes. Lasso regression analysis pinpointed a panel of probes in our discovery cohort that were validated in two independent datasets. A panel of five CpGs (cg04645914, cg06215569, cg23663760, cg13781744, and cg07610777) yielded area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves of 0.9525, 0.9714, and 0.9528 in cfDNA discovery and tissue validation cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Validation of a 5-marker panel created from combining hypermethylated and hypomethylated CpGs in an independent cfDNA set by bisulfite pyrosequencing yielded an AUROC of 0.956, compared to the discovery AUROC of 0.996. Conclusion: Our finding that 5mC markers derived from primary tissue did not perform well in cfDNA, compared to those identified directly from cfDNA, reveals potential advantages of starting with cfDNA to discover high performing markers for liquid biopsy development.
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28
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Qin Y, Wu CW, Taylor WR, Sawas T, Burger KN, Mahoney DW, Sun Z, Yab TC, Lidgard GP, Allawi HT, Buttar NS, Smyrk TC, Iyer PG, Katzka DA, Ahlquist DA, Kisiel JB. Discovery, Validation, and Application of Novel Methylated DNA Markers for Detection of Esophageal Cancer in Plasma. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:7396-7404. [PMID: 31527170 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The burden of esophageal cancer continues to rise, and noninvasive screening tools are needed. Methylated DNA markers (MDM) assayed from plasma show promise in detection of other cancers. For esophageal cancer detection, we aimed to discover and validate MDMs in tissue, and determine their feasibility when assayed from plasma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Whole-methylome sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from 37 tissues (28 EC; 9 normal esophagus) and 8 buffy coat samples. Top MDMs were validated by methylation specific PCR on tissue from 76 EC (41 adeno, 35 squamous cell) and 17 normal esophagus. Quantitative allele-specific real-time target and signal amplification was used to assay MDMs in plasma from 183 patients (85 EC, 98 controls). Recursive partitioning (rPART) identified MDM combinations predictive of esophageal cancer. Validation was performed in silico by bootstrapping. RESULTS From discovery, 23 candidate MDMs were selected for independent tissue validation; median area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for individual MDMs was 0.93. Among 12 MDMs advanced to plasma testing, rPART modeling selected a 5 MDM panel (FER1L4, ZNF671, ST8SIA1, TBX15, ARHGEF4) which achieved an AUC of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.89-0.96) on best-fit and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75-0.88) on cross-validation. At 91% specificity, the panel detected 74% of esophageal cancer overall, and 43%, 64%, 77%, and 92% of stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Discrimination was not affected by age, sex, smoking, or body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Novel MDMs assayed from plasma detect esophageal cancer with moderate accuracy. Further optimization and clinical testing are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qin
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chung W Wu
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - William R Taylor
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tarek Sawas
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kelli N Burger
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Douglas W Mahoney
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tracy C Yab
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Navtej S Buttar
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Thomas C Smyrk
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Prasad G Iyer
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David A Katzka
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David A Ahlquist
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - John B Kisiel
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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29
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Ma Z, Liu Y, Hao Z, Hua X, Li W. DNA hypermethylation of aurora kinase A in hepatitis C virus‑positive hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2519-2532. [PMID: 31322223 PMCID: PMC6691273 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the methylation levels of tumor suppressor genes or proto-oncogenes are involved in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to identify novel aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes by integrating mRNA expression profile (GSE19665 and GSE62232) and methylation profile (GSE60753) microarrays downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Functional enrichment analysis of screened genes was performed using the DAVID software and BinGO database. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using the STRING database, followed by module analysis with MCODE software. The transcriptional and translational expression levels of crucial genes were confirmed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets and Human Protein Atlas database (HPA). A total of 122 downregulated/hypermethylated genes and 63 upregulated/hypomethylated genes were identified. These genes were enriched in the Gene Ontology biological processes terms of ‘inflammatory response’ [Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit (FOS)] and ‘cell cycle process’ [aurora kinase A (AURKA), cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 3 (CDKN3) and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 C (UBE2C)]. PPI network and module analysis indicated that human oncogenes FOS, AURKA, CDKN3 and UBE2C may be hub genes. mRNA, protein expression and methylation levels of AURKA and FOS were validated by TCGA and HPA data. In conclusion, aberrantly methylated AURKA and FOS may be potential therapeutic targets for HCV-positive HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuohong Ma
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Yefu Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Hao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Xiangdong Hua
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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Wang L, Marek GW, Hlady RA, Wagner RT, Zhao X, Clark VC, Fan AX, Liu C, Brantly M, Robertson KD. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency Liver Disease, Mutational Homogeneity Modulated by Epigenetic Heterogeneity With Links to Obesity. Hepatology 2019; 70:51-66. [PMID: 30681738 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) liver disease is characterized by marked heterogeneity in presentation and progression, despite a common underlying gene mutation, strongly suggesting the involvement of other genetic and/or epigenetic modifiers. Variation in clinical phenotype has added to the challenge of detection, diagnosis, and testing of new therapies in patients with AATD. We examined the contribution of DNA methylation (5-methylcytosine [5mC]) to AATD liver disease heterogeneity because 5mC responds to environmental and genetic cues and its deregulation is a major driver of liver disease. Using liver biopsies from adults with early-stage AATD and the ZZ genotype, genome-wide 5mC patterns were interrogated. We compared DNA methylation among patients with early AATD, and among patients with normal liver, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma derived from multiple etiologic exposures, and linked patient clinical/demographic features. Global analysis revealed significant genomic hypomethylation in AATD liver-impacting genes related to liver cancer, cell cycle, and fibrosis, as well as key regulatory molecules influencing growth, migration, and immune function. Further analysis indicated that 5mC changes are localized, with hypermethylation occurring within a background of genome-wide 5mC loss and with patients with AATD manifesting distinct epigenetic landscapes despite their mutational homogeneity. By integrating clinical data with 5mC landscapes, we observed that CpGs differentially methylated among patients with AATD disease are linked to hallmark clinical features of AATD (e.g., hepatocyte degeneration and polymer accumulation) and further reveal links to well-known sex-specific effects of liver disease progression. Conclusion: Our data reveal molecular epigenetic signatures within this mutationally homogeneous group that point to ways to stratify patients for liver disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liguo Wang
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - George W Marek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ryan A Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ryan T Wagner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Virginia C Clark
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Alex Xiucheng Fan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Mark Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Keith D Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.,Center for Individualized Medicine Epigenomics Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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31
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Matsushita H, Takaki A. Alcohol and hepatocellular carcinoma. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2019; 6:e000260. [PMID: 31139422 PMCID: PMC6505979 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2018-000260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alcohol is classified as a Group 1 carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer because it induces hepatocellular carcinoma (among other cancers) in humans. An excessive alcohol intake may result in fatty liver, acute/chronic hepatitis, and cirrhosis and eventually lead to hepatocellular carcinoma. It has been reported that alcohol abuse increases the relative risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by 3- to 10-fold. Aim and Methods To clarify the known mechanisms of alcohol-related carcinogenesis, we searched Pubmed using the terms alcohol and immune mechanism, alcohol and cancer, and immune mechanism and cancer and summarized the articles as a qualitative review. Results From a clinical perspective, it is well known that alcohol interacts with other factors, such as smoking, viral hepatitis, and diabetes, leading to an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. There are several possible mechanisms through which alcohol may induce liver carcinogenicity, including the mutagenic effects of acetaldehyde and the production of ROS due to the excessive hepatic deposition of iron. Furthermore, it has been reported that alcohol accelerates hepatitis C virus-induced liver tumorigenesis through TLR4 signaling. Despite intense investigations to elucidate the mechanisms, they remain poorly understood. Conclusion This review summarizes the recent findings of clinical and pathological studies that have investigated the carcinogenic effects of alcohol in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsushita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akinobu Takaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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32
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Takeshima H, Ushijima T. Accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations in normal cells and cancer risk. NPJ Precis Oncol 2019; 3:7. [PMID: 30854468 PMCID: PMC6403339 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-019-0079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers develop due to the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Genetic alterations are induced by aging, mutagenic chemicals, ultraviolet light, and other factors; whereas, epigenetic alterations are mainly by aging and chronic inflammation. The accumulation and patterns of alterations in normal cells reflect our past exposure levels and life history. Most accumulated alterations are considered as passengers, but their accumulation is correlated with cancer drivers. This has been shown for aberrant DNA methylation but has only been speculated for genetic alterations. However, recent technological advancements have enabled measurement of rare point mutations, and studies have shown that their accumulation levels are indeed correlated with cancer risk. When the accumulation levels of aberrant DNA methylation and point mutations are combined, risk prediction becomes even more accurate. When high levels of alterations accumulate, the tissue has a high risk of developing cancer or even multiple cancers and is considered as a “cancerization field”, with or without expansion of physiological patches of clonal cells. In this review, we describe the formation of a cancerization field and how we can apply its detection in precision cancer risk diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Takeshima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, 104-0045 Tokyo, Japan
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Kisiel JB, Dukek BA, Kanipakam RVSR, Ghoz HM, Yab TC, Berger CK, Taylor WR, Foote PH, Giama NH, Onyirioha K, Abdallah MA, Burger KN, Slettedahl SW, Mahoney DW, Smyrk TC, Lewis JT, Giakoumopoulos M, Allawi HT, Lidgard G, Roberts LR, Ahlquist DA. Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detection by Plasma Methylated DNA: Discovery, Phase I Pilot, and Phase II Clinical Validation. Hepatology 2019; 69:1180-1192. [PMID: 30168613 PMCID: PMC6429916 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early detection improves hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcomes, but better noninvasive surveillance tools are needed. We aimed to identify and validate methylated DNA markers (MDMs) for HCC detection. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from 18 HCC and 35 control tissues. Candidate MDMs were confirmed by quantitative methylation-specific PCR in DNA from independent tissues (74 HCC, 29 controls). A phase I plasma pilot incorporated quantitative allele-specific real-time target and signal amplification assays on independent plasma-extracted DNA from 21 HCC cases and 30 controls with cirrhosis. A phase II plasma study was then performed in 95 HCC cases, 51 controls with cirrhosis, and 98 healthy controls using target enrichment long-probe quantitative amplified signal (TELQAS) assays. Recursive partitioning identified best MDM combinations. The entire MDM panel was statistically cross-validated by randomly splitting the data 2:1 for training and testing. Random forest (rForest) regression models performed on the training set predicted disease status in the testing set; median areas under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUCs; and 95% confidence interval [CI]) were reported after 500 iterations. In phase II, a six-marker MDM panel (homeobox A1 [HOXA1], empty spiracles homeobox 1 [EMX1], AK055957, endothelin-converting enzyme 1 [ECE1], phosphofructokinase [PFKP], and C-type lectin domain containing 11A [CLEC11A]) normalized by beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 6 (B3GALT6) level yielded a best-fit AUC of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93-0.99) with HCC sensitivity of 95% (88%-98%) at specificity of 92% (86%-96%). The panel detected 3 of 4 (75%) stage 0, 39 of 42 (93%) stage A, 13 of 14 (93%) stage B, 28 of 28 (100%) stage C, and 7 of 7 (100%) stage D HCCs. The AUC value for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was 0.80 (0.74-0.87) compared to 0.94 (0.9-0.97) for the cross-validated MDM panel (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: MDMs identified in this study proved to accurately detect HCC by plasma testing. Further optimization and clinical testing of this promising approach are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tracy C. Yab
- Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hatim T. Allawi
- Exact Sciences Development Company, LLC, 441 Charmany Drive, Madison, WI 53719
| | - Graham Lidgard
- Exact Sciences Development Company, LLC, 441 Charmany Drive, Madison, WI 53719
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Hlady RA, Sathyanarayan A, Thompson JJ, Zhou D, Wu Q, Pham K, Lee JH, Liu C, Robertson KD. Integrating the Epigenome to Identify Drivers of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2019; 69:639-652. [PMID: 30136421 PMCID: PMC6351162 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of epigenetic mechanisms has been intimately linked to the etiology of human cancer. Understanding how these epigenetic mechanisms (including DNA methylation [5mC], hydroxymethylation [5hmC], and histone post-translational modifications) work in concert to drive cancer initiation and progression remains unknown. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in frequency in Western countries but lacks efficacious treatments. The epigenome of HCC remains understudied. To better understand the epigenetic underpinnings of HCC, we performed a genome-wide assessment of 5mC, 5hmC, four histone modifications linked to promoter/enhancer function (H3K4me1, H3K27ac, H3K4me3, and H3K27me3), and transcription across normal, cirrhotic, and HCC liver tissue. Implementation of bioinformatic strategies integrated these epigenetic marks with each other and with transcription to provide a comprehensive epigenetic profile of how and when the liver epigenome is perturbed during progression to HCC. Our data demonstrate significant deregulation of epigenetic regulators combined with disruptions in the epigenome hallmarked by profound loss of 5hmC, locus-specific gains in 5mC and 5hmC, and markedly altered histone modification profiles, particularly remodeling of enhancers. Data integration demonstrates that these marks collaborate to influence transcription (e.g., hyper-5hmC in HCC-gained active enhancers is linked to elevated expression) of genes regulating HCC proliferation. Two such putative epigenetic driver loci identified through our integrative approach, COMT and FMO3, increase apoptosis and decrease cell viability in liver-derived cancer cell lines when ectopically re-expressed. Conclusion: Altogether, integration of multiple epigenetic parameters is a powerful tool for identifying epigenetically regulated drivers of HCC and elucidating how epigenome deregulation contributes to liver disease and HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- RA Hlady
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - A Sathyanarayan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - JJ Thompson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - D Zhou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Q Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - K Pham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - JH Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905 Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - KD Robertson
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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35
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Liu Y, Zhu H, Zhang Z, Tu C, Yao D, Wen B, Jiang R, Li X, Yi P, Zhan J, Hu J, Ding J, Jiang L, Zhang F. Effects of a single transient transfection of Ten-eleven translocation 1 catalytic domain on hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207139. [PMID: 30551127 PMCID: PMC6294611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), including Ten-eleven translocation 1 (TET1), are hypermethylated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TET1 catalytic domain (TET1-CD) induces genome-wide DNA demethylation to activate TSGs, but so far, anticancer effects of TET1-CD are unclear. Here we showed that after HCC cells were transiently transfected with TET1-CD, the methylation levels of TSGs, namely APC, p16, RASSF1A, SOCS1 and TET1, were distinctly reduced, and their mRNA levels were significantly increased and HCC cells proliferation, migration and invasion were suppressed, but the methylation and mRNA levels of oncogenes, namely C-myc, Bmi1, EMS1, Kpna2 and c-fos, were not significantly change. Strikingly, HCC subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice remained to be significantly repressed even 54 days after transient transfection of TET1-CD. So, transient transfection of TET1-CD may be a great advance in HCC treatment due to its activation of multiple TSGs and persistent anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxue Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Changchun Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Dongyuan Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Ru Jiang
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xing Li
- Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Yi
- Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiejie Zhan
- Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jiaping Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Jianwu Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Liping Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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36
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Rosen AD, Robertson KD, Hlady RA, Muench C, Lee J, Philibert R, Horvath S, Kaminsky ZA, Lohoff FW. DNA methylation age is accelerated in alcohol dependence. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:182. [PMID: 30185790 PMCID: PMC6125381 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-018-0233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (ALC) is a chronic, relapsing disorder that increases the burden of chronic disease and significantly contributes to numerous premature deaths each year. Previous research suggests that chronic, heavy alcohol consumption is associated with differential DNA methylation patterns. In addition, DNA methylation levels at certain CpG sites have been correlated with age. We used an epigenetic clock to investigate the potential role of excessive alcohol consumption in epigenetic aging. We explored this question in five independent cohorts, including DNA methylation data derived from datasets from blood (n = 129, n = 329), liver (n = 92, n = 49), and postmortem prefrontal cortex (n = 46). One blood dataset and one liver tissue dataset of individuals with ALC exhibited positive age acceleration (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0069, respectively), whereas the other blood and liver tissue datasets both exhibited trends of positive age acceleration that were not significant (p = 0.83 and p = 0.57, respectively). Prefrontal cortex tissue exhibited a trend of negative age acceleration (p = 0.19). These results suggest that excessive alcohol consumption may be associated with epigenetic aging in a tissue-specific manner and warrants further investigation using multiple tissue samples from the same individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison D. Rosen
- 0000 0004 0481 4802grid.420085.bSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Keith D. Robertson
- 0000 0004 0459 167Xgrid.66875.3aDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Ryan A. Hlady
- 0000 0004 0459 167Xgrid.66875.3aDepartment of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Christine Muench
- 0000 0004 0481 4802grid.420085.bSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jisoo Lee
- 0000 0004 0481 4802grid.420085.bSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Robert Philibert
- 0000 0004 1936 8294grid.214572.7Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- 0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eDepartment of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA ,0000 0000 9632 6718grid.19006.3eDepartment of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Zachary A. Kaminsky
- 0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA ,0000 0001 2171 9311grid.21107.35Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- 0000 0004 0481 4802grid.420085.bSection on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
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37
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Lohoff FW, Sorcher JL, Rosen AD, Mauro KL, Fanelli RR, Momenan R, Hodgkinson CA, Vendruscolo LF, Koob GF, Schwandt M, George DT, Jones IS, Holmes A, Zhou Z, Xu MJ, Gao B, Sun H, Phillips MJ, Muench C, Kaminsky ZA. Methylomic profiling and replication implicates deregulation of PCSK9 in alcohol use disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1900-1910. [PMID: 28848234 PMCID: PMC5832488 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a common and chronic disorder with substantial effects on personal and public health. The underlying pathophysiology is poorly understood but strong evidence suggests significant roles of both genetic and epigenetic components. Given that alcohol affects many organ systems, we performed a cross-tissue and cross-phenotypic analysis of genome-wide methylomic variation in AUD using samples from 3 discovery, 4 replication, and 2 translational cohorts. We identified a differentially methylated region in the promoter of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) gene that was associated with disease phenotypes. Biological validation showed that PCSK9 promoter methylation is conserved across tissues and positively correlated with expression. Replication in AUD datasets confirmed PCSK9 hypomethylation and a translational mouse model of AUD showed that alcohol exposure leads to PCSK9 downregulation. PCSK9 is primarily expressed in the liver and regulates low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Our finding of alcohol-induced epigenetic regulation of PCSK9 represents one of the underlying mechanisms between the well-known effects of alcohol on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk, with light alcohol use generally being protective while chronic heavy use has detrimental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD,Corresponding Author: Falk W. Lohoff, M.D., Chief, Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics (CGET), Lasker Clinical Research Scholar, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/2-2352), Bethesda, MD 20892-1540, Office: 301-827-1542,
| | - Jill L. Sorcher
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Allison D. Rosen
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kelsey L. Mauro
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Rebecca R. Fanelli
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Reza Momenan
- Section on Brain and Electrophysiology and Imaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Colin A. Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Leandro F. Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - George F. Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Melanie Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - David T. George
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ilenna S. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Genomic Neuroscience, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ming-Jiang Xu
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Hui Sun
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Monte J. Phillips
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Christine Muench
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Zachary A. Kaminsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Lu YY, Gao JH, Zhao C, Wen SL, Tang CW, Wang YF. Cyclooxygenase-2 up-regulates hepatic somatostatin receptor 2 expression. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11033. [PMID: 30038293 PMCID: PMC6056476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29349-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin and its analogues, which function by binding to somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) 1-5, play a protective role in liver cirrhosis. Hepatic SSTR-2 expression is up-regulated in subjects with liver cirrhosis. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this process. In the present study, we observed the up-regulation of hepatic SSTR-2 expression in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced cirrhotic rats and further showed that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) might play a role in this process via the protein kinase C (PKC)-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathway. In vivo, the up-regulated SSTR-2 in liver cirrhosis was inhibited by the addition of a selective COX-2 inhibitor, such as celecoxib. In vitro, the up-regulation of COX-2 by either transfection with COX-2 plasmids or treatment with TAA increased levels of SSTR-2 and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) in the human hepatocyte cell line L02. Furthermore, the increase in SSTR-2 expression was inhibited by the addition of celecoxib and a PKC inhibitor. Moreover, for comparable DNA methylation levels in the region upstream of the hepatic SSTR-2 gene in normal and cirrhotic livers, DNA methylation may not contribute to the up-regulation of SSTR-2 expression in cirrhotic livers. In conclusion, the up-regulation of hepatic SSTR-2 might be induced by COX-2 via the PKC-CREB signaling pathway but is probably not induced by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Lu
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Hang Gao
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Digestive Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Digestive Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shi-Lei Wen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Academy of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, West China Medicine College, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Tang
- Division of Peptides Related with Human Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Division of Digestive Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu-Fang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Gentilini D, Scala S, Gaudenzi G, Garagnani P, Capri M, Cescon M, Grazi GL, Bacalini MG, Pisoni S, Dicitore A, Circelli L, Santagata S, Izzo F, Di Blasio AM, Persani L, Franceschi C, Vitale G. Epigenome-wide association study in hepatocellular carcinoma: Identification of stochastic epigenetic mutations through an innovative statistical approach. Oncotarget 2018; 8:41890-41902. [PMID: 28514750 PMCID: PMC5522036 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results from accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic alterations. We investigated the genome-wide DNA methylation profile in 69 pairs of HCC and adjacent non-cancerous liver tissues using the Infinium HumanMethylation 450K BeadChip array. An innovative analytical approach has been adopted to identify Stochastic Epigenetic Mutations (SEMs) in HCC.HCC and peritumoral tissues showed a different epigenetic profile, mainly characterized by loss of DNA methylation in HCC. Total number of SEMs was significantly higher in HCC tumor (median: 77,370) than in peritumoral (median: 5,656) tissues and correlated with tumor grade. A significant positive association emerged between SEMs measured in peritumoral tissue and hepatitis B and/or C virus infection status. A restricted number of SEMs resulted to be shared by more than 90% of HCC tumor samples and never present in peritumoral tissue. This analysis allowed the identification of four epigenetically regulated candidate genes (AJAP1, ADARB2, PTPRN2, SDK1), potentially involved in the pathogenesis of HCC.In conclusion, HCC showed a methylation profile completely deregulated and very far from adjacent non-cancerous liver tissues. The SEM analysis provided valuable clues for further investigations in understanding the process of tumorigenesis in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gentilini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Scala
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Germano Gaudenzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center
| | - Matteo Cescon
- DIMEC-Department of General Surgery and Medicine Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Grazi
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Serena Pisoni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Circelli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Sara Santagata
- Functional Genomics, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Izzo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Abdominal and Hepatobiliary Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione " G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Luca Persani
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center.,IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vitale
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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40
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O'Rourke CJ, Munoz-Garrido P, Aguayo EL, Andersen JB. Epigenome dysregulation in cholangiocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Bhat V, Srinathan S, Pasini E, Angeli M, Chen E, Baciu C, Bhat M. Epigenetic basis of hepatocellular carcinoma: A network-based integrative meta-analysis. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:155-165. [PMID: 29399289 PMCID: PMC5787679 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i1.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify the key epigenetically modulated genes and pathways in HCC by performing an integrative meta-analysis of all major, well-annotated and publicly available methylation datasets using tools of network analysis.
METHODS PubMed and Gene Expression Omnibus were searched for genome-wide DNA methylation datasets. Patient clinical and demographic characteristics were obtained. DNA methylation data were integrated using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, a software package for visualizing and analyzing biological networks. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using IPA, which also provides literature-driven and computationally-predicted annotations for significant association of genes to curated molecular pathways.
RESULTS From an initial 928 potential abstracts, we identified and analyzed 11 eligible high-throughput methylation datasets representing 354 patients. A significant proportion of studies did not provide concomitant clinical data. In the promoter region, HIST1H2AJ and SPDYA were the most commonly methylated, whereas HRNBP3 gene was the most commonly hypomethylated. ESR1 and ERK were central genes in the principal networks. The pathways most associated with the frequently methylated genes were G-protein coupled receptor and cAMP-mediated signalling.
CONCLUSION Using an integrative network-based analysis approach of genome-wide DNA methylation data of both the promoter and body of genes, we identified G-protein coupled receptor signalling as the most highly associated with HCC. This encompasses a diverse range of cancer pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Ras/Raf/MAPK pathways, and is therefore supportive of previous literature on gene expression in HCC. However, there are novel targetable genes such as HIST1H2AJ that are epigenetically modified, suggesting their potential as biomarkers and for therapeutic targeting of the HCC epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkat Bhat
- Department of Psychiatry, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto M5G2N2, Canada
| | - Sujitha Srinathan
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto M5G2N2, Canada
| | - Elisa Pasini
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto M5G2N2, Canada
| | - Marc Angeli
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto M5G2N2, Canada
| | - Emily Chen
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto M5G2N2, Canada
| | - Cristina Baciu
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto M5G2N2, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto M5G2N2, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto M5G2N2, Canada
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42
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The construction of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma model in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13419. [PMID: 29042681 PMCID: PMC5645375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a highly malignant tumor, difficult to diagnose even at an early stage. In this study, we successfully constructed an nras61K-induced ICC model in zebrafish. Transcriptome analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of liver samples of the ICC and WT (wild-type) zebrafish revealed that the genes differentially expressed between the two groups were mainly involved in focal adhesion, chemokine signaling and metabolic pathways. Analysis of DNA methylomes revealed that compared with WT samples, methylated genes in ICC samples were enriched in functions associated with cellular, single-organism and metabolic processes. In particular, our result discovered eleven potential biomarker genes of ICC which were conserved between zebrafish and humans. Moreover, three potential biomarker genes were hypomethylated in the tumorigenesis of ICC: ehf, epha4 and itgb6. In summary, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of molecular mechanisms accompanying the progressive nras61K-induced ICC. This work indicates that our transgenic zebrafish could be a valuable model, not only for studying liver cancer, but also for exploring new therapeutic targets.
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43
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Ramadori P, Cubero FJ, Liedtke C, Trautwein C, Nevzorova YA. Alcohol and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Adding Fuel to the Flame. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9100130. [PMID: 28946672 PMCID: PMC5664069 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary tumors of the liver represent the fifth most common type of cancer in the world and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Case-control studies from different countries report that chronic ethanol consumption is associated with an approximately 2-fold increased odds ratio for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite the substantial epidemiologic data in humans demonstrating that chronic alcohol consumption is a major risk factor for HCC development, the pathways causing alcohol-induced liver cancer are poorly understood. In this overview, we summarize the epidemiological evidence for the association between alcohol and liver cancer, review the genetic, oncogenic, and epigenetic factors that drive HCC development synergistically with ethanol intake and discuss the essential molecular and metabolic pathways involved in alcohol-induced liver tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Ramadori
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid 28040, Spain.
- 13 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid 28041, Spain.
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Yulia A Nevzorova
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Animal Physiology II, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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44
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Brar TS, Hilgenfeldt E, Soldevila-Pico C. Etiology and Pathogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68082-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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45
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Boyle M, Mann J. WITHDRAWN: Epigenetics in Chronic Liver Disease. J Hepatol 2017:S0168-8278(17)32255-9. [PMID: 28855099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editors. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Boyle
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4(th) Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jelena Mann
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, 4(th) Floor, William Leech Building, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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46
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Hlady RA, Zhou D, Puszyk W, Roberts LR, Liu C, Robertson KD. Initiation of aberrant DNA methylation patterns and heterogeneity in precancerous lesions of human hepatocellular cancer. Epigenetics 2017; 12:215-225. [PMID: 28059585 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1277297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While intratumor heterogeneity contributes to disease progression, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy, it also provides a route to understanding the evolution and drivers of disease. Defects in epigenetic landscapes are intimately linked to pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases, with epigenetic deregulation promoting tumorigenesis. Understanding epigenetic heterogeneity is crucial in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), where epigenetic alterations are frequent, early, and pathogenic events. We determined genome-wide DNA methylation and copy number variation leveraging the Infinium 450K in a series of regenerative nodules from within single patient livers. Bioinformatics strategies were used to ascertain within-patient heterogeneity, link epigenetic changes to clinical features, and determine their relevance to disease pathogenesis. Our data demonstrate that DNA methylation and copy number alterations evolve during the pre-neoplastic phase of HCC and independently segregate regenerative nodules into distinct clusters. Regenerative nodules with a high frequency of epigenetic changes have significantly lower copy number variation, suggesting that individual nodules have differential enrichment of epigenetic and genetic components, with both contributing to disease progression. Regenerative nodules were scored based on 'epigenetic progression' with higher scores associated with increased proliferation measured by Ki67 staining. Early events observed in epigenetically 'aggressive' nodules are enriched for genes involved in liver cancer. Our study demonstrates that marked epigenetic and genetic heterogeneity exists in early pre-neoplastic liver tissue within individual patients, emphasizing the potential contributions of each mechanism to driving liver disease progression, and it unveils strategies for identifying epigenetic drivers of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A Hlady
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Dan Zhou
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - William Puszyk
- b Shands Cancer Center, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- c Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Chen Liu
- d Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Rutgers University , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Keith D Robertson
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,e Center for Individualized Medicine , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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47
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Dynamic reprogramming of DNA methylation in SETD2-deregulated renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:1927-46. [PMID: 26646321 PMCID: PMC4811507 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) harbor frequent mutations in epigenetic modifiers including SETD2, the H3K36me3 writer. We profiled DNA methylation (5mC) across the genome in cell line-based models of SETD2 inactivation and SETD2 mutant primary tumors because 5mC has been linked to H3K36me3 and is therapeutically targetable. SETD2 depleted cell line models (long-term and acute) exhibited a DNA hypermethylation phenotype coinciding with ectopic gains in H3K36me3 centered across intergenic regions adjacent to low expressing genes, which became upregulated upon dysregulation of the epigenome. Poised enhancers of developmental genes were prominent hypermethylation targets. SETD2 mutant primary ccRCCs, papillary renal cell carcinomas, and lung adenocarcinomas all demonstrated a DNA hypermethylation phenotype that segregated tumors by SETD2 genotype and advanced grade. These findings collectively demonstrate that SETD2 mutations drive tumorigenesis by coordinated disruption of the epigenome and transcriptome,and they have important implications for future therapeutic strategies targeting chromatin regulator mutant tumors.
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48
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Zhou D, Hlady RA, Schafer MJ, White TA, Liu C, Choi JH, Miller JD, Roberts LR, LeBrasseur NK, Robertson KD. High fat diet and exercise lead to a disrupted and pathogenic DNA methylome in mouse liver. Epigenetics 2016; 12:55-69. [PMID: 27858497 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1261239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet consumption and sedentary lifestyle elevates risk for obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Exercise training conveys health benefits in populations with or without these chronic conditions. Diet and exercise regulate gene expression by mediating epigenetic mechanisms in many tissues; however, such effects are poorly documented in the liver, a central metabolic organ. To dissect the consequences of diet and exercise on the liver epigenome, we measured DNA methylation, using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, and transcription, using RNA-seq, in mice maintained on a fast food diet with sedentary lifestyle or exercise, compared with control diet with and without exercise. Our analyses reveal that genome-wide differential DNA methylation and expression of gene clusters are induced by diet and/or exercise. A combination of fast food and exercise triggers extensive gene alterations, with enrichment of carbohydrate/lipid metabolic pathways and muscle developmental processes. Through evaluation of putative protective effects of exercise on diet-induced DNA methylation, we show that hypermethylation is effectively prevented, especially at promoters and enhancers, whereas hypomethylation is only partially attenuated. We assessed diet-induced DNA methylation changes associated with liver cancer-related epigenetic modifications and identified significant increases at liver-specific enhancers in fast food groups, suggesting partial loss of liver cell identity. Hypermethylation at a subset of gene promoters was associated with inhibition of tissue development and promotion of carcinogenic processes. Our study demonstrates extensive reprogramming of the epigenome by diet and exercise, emphasizing the functional relevance of epigenetic mechanisms as an interface between lifestyle modifications and phenotypic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Ryan A Hlady
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Marissa J Schafer
- b Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,c Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Thomas A White
- b Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Chen Liu
- d Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Rutgers University , NJ , USA
| | - Jeong-Hyeon Choi
- e Department of Applied Research , Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea , Korea
| | - Jordan D Miller
- b Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,f Department of Surgery , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- g Mayo Clinic Cancer Center , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,h Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Nathan K LeBrasseur
- b Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,c Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Keith D Robertson
- a Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,g Mayo Clinic Cancer Center , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA.,i Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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49
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Wang F, Feng Y, Li P, Wang K, Feng L, Liu YF, Huang H, Guo YB, Mao QS, Xue WJ. RASSF10 is an epigenetically inactivated tumor suppressor and independent prognostic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4279-97. [PMID: 26701853 PMCID: PMC4826205 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylation of the Ras-association domain family 10 (RASSF10) promoter region correlates with clinicopathological characteristics and poor prognosis in several human cancers. Here, we examined RASSF10 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its role in hepatocarcinogenesis. RASSF10 mRNA and protein levels were downregulated in both HCC cell lines and patient tissue samples. In patient tissues, low RASSF10 levels correlated with hepatocirrhosis, poor tumor differentiation, tumor thrombus and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, and were indicative of increased tumor recurrence and reduced patient survival. Low RASSF10 expression was associated with promoter hypermethylation, which was in turn associated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and aflatoxin B1 exposure, but not DNA methyltransferase expression. Overexpression of RASSF10 in HCC cell lines suppressed cell growth and colony formation, and induced apoptosis by up- or down-regulating specific Bcl-2 family proteins. RASSF10 overexpression increased pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad levels, but decreased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl expression. Overexpression also inhibited tumor formation in nude mice and reduced cell migration and invasion by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. RASSF10 knockdown promoted cell growth. Our results show that RASSF10 is frequently hypermethylated and down-regulated in HCC and can potentially serve as a useful biomarker predictive of HCC patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of General Surgery, Changzhou Wujin People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Bing Guo
- Department of Surgical Comprehensive Laboratory, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin-Sheng Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wan-Jiang Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Nantong University Affiliated Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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50
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Siddiqui NN, Ul Haq A, Siddiqui OA, Khan R. DNA methyltransferase 1, 3a, and 3b expression in hepatitis C associated human hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinicopathological association. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:10487-97. [PMID: 26850594 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of biomarker will obligate a substantial influence on various cancer management and treatment. We hypothesize that genetic/proteomic and epigenetic studies should be uncovering modifications which may be independently or jointly affect the expression of the genes that are involved in the progression of liver cancer (LC). For this purpose, we examined the effect of expressional changes of DNMTs on HCV infected LC of different genotypes. We found that both mRNA and protein expression levels of DNMT1, 3a, and 3b were upregulated in genotype 1b and 3a HCV infected patients as compared to control. However, DNMT3b mRNA levels did not change in genotypes 2a, 3, and 4, but were upregulated at the protein level by genotype 1b, 2a, and 3a. Furthermore, no significant changes were observed for DNMTs investigated in sample expressing the genotypes 5 and 6. Our findings suggest that HCV at least in part by altering DNMTs expression may play a significant role in HCC progression.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/biosynthesis
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/physiology
- DNA Methylation
- DNA Methyltransferase 3A
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Enzyme Induction
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genotype
- Hepacivirus/classification
- Hepacivirus/isolation & purification
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Tumor Virus Infections/virology
- Up-Regulation
- DNA Methyltransferase 3B
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Naveed Siddiqui
- The Karachi Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, (KIBGE), University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahtesham Ul Haq
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi-Pakistan, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, North Nazimabad, Karachi, 74700, Pakistan
| | - Owais Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, North Nazimabad, Karachi, 74700, Pakistan
| | - Rizma Khan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dr. Ziauddin Hospital, North Nazimabad, Karachi, 74700, Pakistan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi, 75600, Pakistan.
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