1
|
Kelly Souza Silveira B, Silva AD, Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha D, Waskow K, Stampini Duarte Martino H, Bressan J, Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff H. Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) consumption in energy-restricted intervention decreases pro-inflammatory markers and intestinal permeability of women with overweight/obesity: a controlled trial (Brazilian Nuts Study). J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00397-3. [PMID: 39025334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and increased intestinal permeability (IP). The Brazil nut (BN) (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) appears to be a promising dietary intervention to control inflammation by enhancing antioxidant defenses. OBJECTIVE Assess the effect of daily BN consumption on inflammatory biomarkers and IP in the context of an energy-restricted intervention. Furthermore, we evaluated the correlation between the changes in these inflammatory markers and the changes in serum selenium and IP. METHODS In this 8-week non-randomized controlled trial, 56 women with overweight or obesity were allocated into two groups, both following an energy-restricted diet (minus 500 kcal/day). The control group (CO) followed a nut-free diet, while the BN group consumed eight grams of BN/day, providing 347.2 μg of selenium. Inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in plasma and selenium in serum. IP was assessed using the lactulose/mannitol test (LM ratio). RESULTS Forty-six women completed the intervention. Both groups achieved similar energy restriction (CO Δ= - 253.7 ± 169.4 kcal/day; BN Δ= - 265.8 ± 141.8 kcal/day) and weight loss (CO Δ= - 2.5 ± 0.5 kg; BN Δ= - 3.5 ± 0.5 kg). The BN group showed lower values of CRP, TNF, IL1-β, IL-8, lactulose excretion (%) and the LM ratio, compared to the CO group. Additionally, changes in serum Se concentration were predictive of changes in IL-8 concentration (β = - 0.054; adjusted R2 = 0.100; CI 95% = - 0.100; - 0.007; P = 0.025), and changes in IL-8 were predictive of changes in the LM ratio (β = 0.006; adjusted R2 = 0.101; CI 95% = 0.001; 0.011; P = 0.024). CONCLUSION Regular intake of BN can be a promising complementary dietary strategy for controlling low-grade inflammation and improving IP for women with overweight/obesity undergoing energy-restricted treatment. However, the effects of BN seem to be Se status-dependent. BRAZILIAN REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS - REBEC: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3ntxrm/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Karina Waskow
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics. Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 369570-900, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Martemucci G, Khalil M, Di Luca A, Abdallah H, D’Alessandro AG. Comprehensive Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: How Nutrition, Dietary Polyphenols, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle Modifications Address Diabesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Neurodegenerative Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:327. [PMID: 38921462 PMCID: PMC11206163 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to highlight some therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome involving integrative approaches to improve lifestyle and daily diet. The beneficial effects of foods containing antioxidant polyphenols, intestinal microbiota control, and physical activity were also considered. We comprehensively examined a large body of published articles involving basic, animal, and human studie, as well as recent guidelines. As a result, dietary polyphenols from natural plant-based antioxidants and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, along with physical exercise, are promising complementary therapies to delay or prevent the onset of metabolic syndrome and counteract diabesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to protect against neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota reduces the risks associated with MS, improves diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exerts neuroprotective action. Despite several studies, the estimation of dietary polyphenol intake is inconclusive and requires further evidence. Lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and reduced calorie intake can improve metabolic outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao L, Hu H, Zhang L, Liu Z, Huang Y, Liu Q, Jin L, Zhu M, Zhang L. Inflammation in diabetes complications: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e516. [PMID: 38617433 PMCID: PMC11014467 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, diabetes mellitus (DM) has been one of the most endangering healthy diseases. Current therapies contain controlling high blood sugar, reducing risk factors like obesity, hypertension, and so on; however, DM patients inevitably and eventually progress into different types of diabetes complications, resulting in poor quality of life. Unfortunately, the clear etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes complications have not been elucidated owing to intricate whole-body systems. The immune system was responsible to regulate homeostasis by triggering or resolving inflammatory response, indicating it may be necessary to diabetes complications. In fact, previous studies have been shown inflammation plays multifunctional roles in the pathogenesis of diabetes complications and is attracting attention to be the meaningful therapeutic strategy. To this end, this review systematically concluded the current studies over the relationships of susceptible diabetes complications (e.g., diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic nephropathy) and inflammation, ranging from immune cell response, cytokines interaction to pathomechanism of organ injury. Besides, we also summarized various therapeutic strategies to improve diabetes complications by target inflammation from special remedies to conventional lifestyle changes. This review will offer a panoramic insight into the mechanisms of diabetes complications from an inflammatory perspective and also discuss contemporary clinical interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Haoran Hu
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Zheting Liu
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qian Liu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Traditional Chinese Medicines Education (Zhejiang Chinese Medical University)College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia MedicaShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Meifei Zhu
- Department of Critical Care MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine)HangzhouChina
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Biology and MedicineCollege of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nishi SK, Viguiliouk E, Kendall CWC, Jenkins DJA, Hu FB, Sievenpiper JL, Atzeni A, Misra A, Salas-Salvadó J. Nuts in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040878. [PMID: 36839236 PMCID: PMC9965730 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a continuously growing global concern affecting >10% of adults, which may be mitigated by modifiable lifestyle factors. Consumption of nuts and their inclusion in dietary patterns has been associated with a range of beneficial health outcomes. Diabetes guidelines recommend dietary patterns that incorporate nuts; however, specific recommendations related to nuts have been limited. This review considers the epidemiological and clinical evidence to date for the role of nut consumption as a dietary strategy for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and related complications. Findings suggest nut consumption may have a potential role in the prevention and management of T2D, with mechanistic studies assessing nuts and individual nut-related nutritional constituents supporting this possibility. However, limited definitive evidence is available to date, and future studies are needed to elucidate better the impact of nuts on the prevention and management of T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Nishi
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.K.N.); (J.S.-S.)
| | - Effie Viguiliouk
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
| | - Cyril W. C. Kendall
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - David J. A. Jenkins
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John L. Sievenpiper
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Alessandro Atzeni
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anoop Misra
- Fortis C-DOC Hospital for Diabetes & Allied Sciences, New Delhi 110048, India
- National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, New Delhi 110016, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi 110070, India
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (S.K.N.); (J.S.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Riseberg E, Chui K, James KA, Melamed R, Alderete TL, Corlin L. A Longitudinal Study of Exposure to Manganese and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204271. [PMID: 36296955 PMCID: PMC9607173 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between manganese (Mn) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is unclear, and no prior study has studied this association longitudinally. The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal associations of Mn exposure with MetS and metabolic outcomes. We used data from the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study (SLVDS), a prospective cohort from rural Colorado with data collected from 1984−1998 (n = 1478). Urinary Mn was measured at baseline (range = 0.20−42.5 µg/L). We assessed the shape of the cross-sectional association between Mn and MetS accounting for effect modification by other metals at baseline using Bayesian kernel machine regression. We assessed longitudinal associations between baseline quartiles of Mn and incident MetS using Fine and Gray competing risks regression models (competing risk = mortality) and between quartiles of Mn and metabolic outcomes using linear mixed effects models. We did not observe evidence that quartiles of Mn were associated with incident MetS (p-value for trend = 0.52). Quartiles of Mn were significantly associated with lower fasting glucose (p-value for trend < 0.01). Lead was found to be a possible effect modifier of the association between Mn and incident MetS. Mn was associated with lower fasting glucose in this rural population. Our results support a possible beneficial effect of Mn on diabetic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Riseberg
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Kenneth Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Katherine A. James
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rachel Melamed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Laura Corlin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yi SY, Steffen LM, Zhou X, Shikany JM, Jacobs DR. Association of nut consumption with CVD risk factors in young to middle-aged adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:2321-2329. [PMID: 35970686 PMCID: PMC9529993 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few studies have examined long-term associations of walnut, other nut, and no nut consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Results from prospective studies with long-term follow-up can provide further evidence for dietary guideline messaging to consume nuts. Therefore, we examined the associations of walnut, other nut, and no nut consumption with diet quality and CVD risk factors over 30 years of follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS Data were analyzed from 3092 young adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. Dietary intake, including walnuts and other nuts, was assessed 3 times over 20 years. CVD risk factors were measured at multiple exams. General linear regression evaluated the associations of walnut, other nut, and no nut consumption with CVD risk factors over 30 years (Y30) of follow-up. The 20-year cumulative mean intake of walnuts (0.74 oz/d), other nuts (1.6 oz/d), or no nut consumption was differentially associated with HEI-2015 and CVD risk factors by Y30. Generally, walnut consumers had significantly higher HEI-2015, lower body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, and triglyceride concentration, and gained less weight since baseline than other nut consumers (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Further, walnut consumers had lower fasting blood glucose than no nut consumers (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Study findings that walnut and other nut consumption was associated with better CVD risk factors and diet quality aligns with the 2020-2025 US. Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation to consume nuts, such as walnuts, within the context of a healthy diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So-Yun Yi
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Xia Zhou
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham; Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David R Jacobs
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health; Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Khalili L, A-Elgadir TME, Mallick AK, El Enshasy HA, Sayyed RZ. Nuts as a Part of Dietary Strategy to Improve Metabolic Biomarkers: A Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:881843. [PMID: 35425791 PMCID: PMC9001892 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.881843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuts are in the spotlight because of their association with improved health outcomes. We aimed to summarize the findings of previous studies to evaluate the impact of nuts consumption on glycaemic and lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Methods Electronic searches for observational and intervention studies were undertaken in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct until 2022 for searching the studies aiming the application of different types of nuts and the beneficial effects of nuts in improving glycemia, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Results Results from 56 interventional, 9 narrative and 3 systematic reviews, and 12 meta-analysis studies, aiming at the evaluating beneficial effects of different types of nuts on metabolic markers, showed that nut consumption could improve metabolic markers, including glycaemic factors, lipid profile, and inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in both healthy and individuals with metabolic disorders in a type-, dose- and duration-dependent manner. According to their unique nutrient components, nuts can be known as a part of a healthy diet, resulting in improved metabolic biomarkers. Conclusion Considering the efficacy of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporation of, incorporating nuts the effectiveness of nuts in improving metabolic markers, incorporating nuts in the diet may prevent the incidence or aggravation of chronic metabolic diseases. Considering the health benefits of the nuts' components, including essential micronutrients, if consumed in the appropriate dose and duration to provide the necessary amount of effective micronutrients to improve health, we will see an improvement in metabolic factors. At the same time, more research is required to determine the optimal type, dose, and duration of nut intervention with regards to metabolic control and reducing the risk of developing metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Khalili
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ayaz Khurram Mallick
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Insitute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Shahada, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Effect of pecan nuts and extra-virgin olive oil on glycemic profile and nontraditional anthropometric indexes in patients with coronary artery disease: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:827-834. [PMID: 34811509 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01045-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The influence of cardioprotective foods on nontraditional indexes related to dysglycemia and body fat distribution is unknown in individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a healthy diet supplemented with pecan nuts or extra-virgin olive oil on glycemic profile and adipose tissue dysfunction assessed by anthropometric indexes in patients with stable CAD. SUBJECTS/METHODS In a randomized, pragmatic, parallel clinical trial lasting 12 weeks, 204 individuals were allocated to three interventions: a healthy diet (control group [CG], n = 67), a healthy diet plus 30 g/day of pecan nuts (pecan nut group [PNG], n = 68), or a healthy diet plus 30 mL/day of extra-virgin olive oil (olive oil group [OOG], n = 69). Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index (primary outcome) and other markers of glycemic profile were evaluated, and nontraditional anthropometric indexes as well. Diet quality was assessed according to the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (mAHEI). RESULTS After adjustment for baseline values, use of antidiabetic drugs and insulin, there were no differences in both glycemic and anthropometric profiles according to groups at the end of the study. PNG improved the quality of the diet in comparison to other groups (final mAHEI scores: CG: 19 ± 7.5; PNG: 26 ± 8; OOG: 18.9 ± 6; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There was no difference regarding glycemic and anthropometric parameters according to interventions in patients with stable CAD. However, adding pecan nuts to a healthy diet may improve its quality. Further studies must be conducted considering dietary interventions on secondary cardiovascular prevention setting. CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER NUMBER NCT02202265. First Posted: July 2014; Last Update: September 2020.
Collapse
|
9
|
Park SK, Oh CM, Jung JY. The association between insulin resistance and the consumption of nut including peanut, pine nut and almonds in working-aged Korean population. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-8. [PMID: 34482855 PMCID: PMC9991658 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies have reported that nuts intake is potentially beneficial to cardiometabolic health. However, there have been heterogeneous results regarding the association between nut intake/consumption and the risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Insulin resistance (IR) is a major pathophysiology of DM. Thus, this study was to assess the association between nuts consumption and IR. DESIGN A retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING Multivariable-adjusted OR and 95 % CI for increased IR (adjusted OR (95 % CI)) were calculated according to the frequency of consuming one serving dose (15 g) of nuts including peanut, pine nut and almond (< 1/month, 1/month-1/week, 1-3/week, 3-5/week, ≥ 5/week). Elevated IR was defined in homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance corresponding to the fourth quartile levels within each study group. Subgroup analysis was conducted for gender, glycaemic status (normal, prediabetes and DM) and age (≥ and < 40 years). PARTICIPANTS 379 310 Koreans who received health check-up. RESULTS Compared with nut consumption < 1/month (reference), nuts consumption ≥ 1/month had the lower OR and 95 % CI for elevated IR (1/month-1/week: 0·90 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·92), 1-3/week: 0·90 (95 % CI 0·87, 0·92), 3-5/week: 0·94 (95 % CI 0·89, 0·98) and ≥ 5/week: 0·90 (95 % CI 0·86, 0·94)). This association was more remarkable in women, normal glycaemic group and young age group (< 40 years). However, men, prediabetes, DM and old age group did not show the significant association. CONCLUSION Nuts consumption ≥ 1/month was less associated with elevated IR. Increased nuts consumption may have a favourable effect on IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Keun Park
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Mo Oh
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Jung
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hosseinpour-Niazi S, Bakhshi B, Zahedi AS, Akbarzadeh M, Daneshpour MS, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. TCF7L2 polymorphisms, nut consumption, and the risk of metabolic syndrome: a prospective population based study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:10. [PMID: 33436000 PMCID: PMC7802263 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00542-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate whether two variants of the TCF7L2 (rs7903146 and rs12255372) modify the association between nut consumption and the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Additionally, the modifying effect of weight change during follow-up on these associations was investigated. Material and methods We prospectively studied 1423 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose study aged 19–74 years who were followed-up for dietary assessment using a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for MetS events. Genotyping was performed by Human Omni Express-24-v1-0 chip. Results Over a median 8.9 years of follow-up, 415 new cases of MetS were documented. The median nut consumption was 20.0 g/week (Interquartile Range (IQR): 8.6–38.9 g/week). Regarding the rs7903146 genotype, in carriers of T allele (CT + TT), highest tertile of nut consumption was associated with a reduced risk of MetS after adjusting for confounders (HR: 0.67 (0.50–0.91)). Regarding the rs12255372 genotype, highest versus lowest tertile of nut consumption in participants with T allele (GT + TT) resulted in 34% reduction of MetS risk after adjustment for confounders (HR: 0.66 (0.49–0.69)). After stratification by weigh change (< 7% or ≥ 7% weight gain), in individuals with ≥ 7% weight gain, highest tertile of nut consumption was associated with reduced risk of MetS among the risk allele of rs7903146. In the risk allele of rs12255372, among individuals with < 7% weight gain, third tertile of nuts intake reduced the risk of MetS, after adjustment for confounders. Conclusion Higher consumption of nuts may reduces the risk of MetS in T-risk allele of the TCF7L2 rs7903146 and rs12255372 variants and weight change may modify this association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Hosseinpour-Niazi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Bakhshi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiyeh-Sadat Zahedi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, A'rabi St, Yeman Av, P.O. Box 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, A'rabi St, Yeman Av, P.O. Box 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, A'rabi St, Yeman Av, P.O. Box 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, A'rabi St, Yeman Av, P.O. Box 19395-4763, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhubi-Bakija F, Bajraktari G, Bytyçi I, Mikhailidis DP, Henein MY, Latkovskis G, Rexhaj Z, Zhubi E, Banach M. The impact of type of dietary protein, animal versus vegetable, in modifying cardiometabolic risk factors: A position paper from the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Clin Nutr 2021; 40:255-276. [PMID: 32620446 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proteins play a crucial role in metabolism, in maintaining fluid and acid-base balance and antibody synthesis. Dietary proteins are important nutrients and are classified into: 1) animal proteins (meat, fish, poultry, eggs and dairy), and, 2) plant proteins (legumes, nuts and soy). Dietary modification is one of the most important lifestyle changes that has been shown to significantly decrease the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) by attenuating related risk factors. The CVD burden is reduced by optimum diet through replacement of unprocessed meat with low saturated fat, animal proteins and plant proteins. In view of the available evidence, it has become acceptable to emphasize the role of optimum nutrition to maintain arterial and CV health. Such healthy diets are thought to increase satiety, facilitate weight loss, and improve CV risk. Different studies have compared the benefits of omnivorous and vegetarian diets. Animal protein related risk has been suggested to be greater with red or processed meat over and above poultry, fish and nuts, which carry a lower risk for CVD. In contrast, others have shown no association of red meat intake with CVD. The aim of this expert opinion recommendation was to elucidate the different impact of animal vs vegetable protein on modifying cardiometabolic risk factors. Many observational and interventional studies confirmed that increasing protein intake, especially plant-based proteins and certain animal-based proteins (poultry, fish, unprocessed red meat low in saturated fats and low-fat dairy products) have a positive effect in modifying cardiometabolic risk factors. Red meat intake correlates with increased CVD risk, mainly because of its non-protein ingredients (saturated fats). However, the way red meat is cooked and preserved matters. Thus, it is recommended to substitute red meat with poultry or fish in order to lower CVD risk. Specific amino acids have favourable results in modifying major risk factors for CVD, such as hypertension. Apart from meat, other animal-source proteins, like those found in dairy products (especially whey protein) are inversely correlated to hypertension, obesity and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fjolla Zhubi-Bakija
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Gani Bajraktari
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo; University of Prishtina, Medical Faculty, Prishtina, Kosovo; Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University and Heart Centre, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ibadete Bytyçi
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo; University of Prishtina, Medical Faculty, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Michael Y Henein
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University and Heart Centre, Umeå, Sweden; Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George University London, UK; Brunel University, Middlesex, UK
| | - Gustavs Latkovskis
- Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia; Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Zarife Rexhaj
- Clinic of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Kosovo, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Esra Zhubi
- University of Prishtina, Medical Faculty, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nuts and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Are Nuts Safe for Patients with Fatty Liver Disease? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113363. [PMID: 33139607 PMCID: PMC7693493 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and lifestyle interventions are the recommended treatment for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with the aim of achieving a 7-10% weight loss. Several dietary patterns have been suggested for this purpose, however, to date, the best one is represented by the Mediterranean diet (MD) as it is rich in macro- and micro- nutrients known for their effectiveness in health-promotion and cardio-vascular disease prevention. Moreover, MD is characterized by the inclusion of nuts. These foods have shown potential benefits in health-promotion as they are rich in fibers, which have lipid-lowering effects, rich in mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, which help reduce insulin-resistance and serum cholesterol, and contain anti-oxidants which reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, nuts are associated with a better control, or reduction, of Body Mass Index (BMI). All these effects are useful targets to achieve in NAFLD, so that nuts have been proposed as a suitable dietary treatment supplement for weight and metabolic control in these patients. In recent years, health authorities raised an alert on nuts consumption as these may be at high risk of aflatoxin (AF) contamination, for which controls and legislations are different among countries. AF is a well-known cancerogenic agent and a recognized risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with NAFLD have an overall, inherent sevenfold increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma as compared with the general population. In this context, one could argue that recommending the inclusion of nuts in the diet of NAFLD patients has to be balanced with the risk of potential chronic exposure to AF, and every effort should be pursued to assure the safety of these nutrients. In this review, we aim to summarize the benefits of nuts consumption, the evidence for AF contamination of nuts and the consequent potential risks in patients with NAFLD.
Collapse
|
13
|
Porchia LM, Hernandez-Garcia SC, Gonzalez-Mejia ME, López-Bayghen E. Diets with lower carbohydrate concentrations improve insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 248:110-117. [PMID: 32200247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are associated with increased levels of insulin resistance (IR). Other than treatment with insulin-sensitizing drugs, specialized diets have also been implemented to reduce the patient's IR. However, the capacity of certain diets, concerning with the severity of the patient's IR, to improve insulin sensitivity has not fully been explored. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine in PCOS subjects from low to severe IR, if hypocaloric diets improve insulin sensitivity. STUDY DESIGN PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO, and LILACS databases and retrieved studies' bibliographies were searched for prospective studies that investigated the association between diets and IR in PCOS women until October 2018. Diet was defined as a modification of the patients' nutrition intake according to caloric restriction, change in protein intake, or by using a specialized diet. IR measures (HOMA1-IR), pre- and post-intervention were extracted. Using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software, depending on the level heterogeneity, determined by the ψ2-based Q-test and the I2-test, fixed-effects or random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled standard paired differences (SPD) and 95 %CI. RESULTS 20 publications (25 studies) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Due to the heterogeneity of the diets, the random-effects model was used. In 48 % of the studies, the diets led to a decrease of IR, where 44 % had no effect. In 2 studies, the diets increased IR. Overall, the diets decreased IR (SPD=-0.58; 95 %CI: -0.81 to -0.36). Subjects with severe IR (HOMA1-IR>4.2) had a marked improvement (SPD=-1.22; 95 %CI: -1.61 to -0.84). Moreover, diets low in carbohydrate (<50 %) was also determined to improve IR (SPD=-0.86; 95 %CI: -1.23 to -0.50). CONCLUSIONS Here, we demonstrate that diets are more likely to improve IR in PCOS women with severe IR. Therefore, it is crucial to determine a subject's IR status before considering any intervention containing a diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M Porchia
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
| | - Samantha Celeste Hernandez-Garcia
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 13 Sur 2901 Col. Volcanes, C.P. 72000, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - M Elba Gonzalez-Mejia
- Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 13 Sur 2901 Col. Volcanes, C.P. 72000, Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Esther López-Bayghen
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|