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Soon JW, Manca MA, Laskowska A, Starkova J, Rohlenova K, Rohlena J. Aspartate in tumor microenvironment and beyond: Metabolic interactions and therapeutic perspectives. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167451. [PMID: 39111633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Aspartate is a proteinogenic non-essential amino acid with several essential functions in proliferating cells. It is mostly produced in a cell autonomous manner from oxalacetate via glutamate oxalacetate transaminases 1 or 2 (GOT1 or GOT2), but in some cases it can also be salvaged from the microenvironment via transporters such as SLC1A3 or by macropinocytosis. In this review we provide an overview of biosynthetic pathways that produce aspartate endogenously during proliferation. We discuss conditions that favor aspartate uptake as well as possible sources of exogenous aspartate in the microenvironment of tumors and bone marrow, where most available data have been generated. We highlight metabolic fates of aspartate, its various functions, and possible approaches to target aspartate metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wong Soon
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Antonietta Manca
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Laskowska
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Julia Starkova
- CLIP (Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague), Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Rohlenova
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic.
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2
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Ohgaki R, Hirase Y, Xu M, Okanishi H, Kanai Y. LAT1 expression in colorectal cancer cells is unresponsive to HIF-1/2α accumulation under experimental hypoxia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19635. [PMID: 39179631 PMCID: PMC11343765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70603-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is upregulated in various cancer types and contributes to disease progression. Previous studies have demonstrated or suggested that hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), the key transcription factors in hypoxic responses, control the expression of LAT1 gene in several types of cancer cells. However, this regulatory relationship has not been investigated yet in colorectal cancer (CRC), one of the cancer types in which the increased LAT1 expression holds prognostic significance. In this study, we found that neither LAT1 mRNA nor protein is induced under hypoxic condition (1% O2) in CRC HT-29 cells in vitro, regardless of the prominent HIF-1/2α accumulation and HIFs-dependent upregulation of glucose transporter 1. The hypoxic treatment generally did not increase either the mRNA or protein expression of LAT1 in eight CRC cell lines tested, in contrast to the pronounced upregulation by amino acid restriction. Interestingly, knockdown of von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitin ligase to inhibit the proteasomal degradation of HIFs caused an accumulation of HIF-2α and increased the LAT1 expression in certain CRC cell lines. This study contributes to delineating the molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathological expression of LAT1 in CRC cells, emphasizing the ambiguity of HIFs-dependent transcriptional upregulation of LAT1 across cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Ohgaki
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuma Hirase
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okanishi
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-System Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Metabolic Reprogramming and Signal Regulation, Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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3
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Rogers ZJ, Colombani T, Khan S, Bhatt K, Nukovic A, Zhou G, Woolston BM, Taylor CT, Gilkes DM, Slavov N, Bencherif SA. Controlling Pericellular Oxygen Tension in Cell Culture Reveals Distinct Breast Cancer Responses to Low Oxygen Tensions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402557. [PMID: 38874400 PMCID: PMC11321643 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In oxygen (O2)-controlled cell culture, an indispensable tool in biological research, it is presumed that the incubator setpoint equals the O2 tension experienced by cells (i.e., pericellular O2). However, it is discovered that physioxic (5% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) setpoints regularly induce anoxic (0% O2) pericellular tensions in both adherent and suspension cell cultures. Electron transport chain inhibition ablates this effect, indicating that cellular O2 consumption is the driving factor. RNA-seq analysis revealed that primary human hepatocytes cultured in physioxia experience ischemia-reperfusion injury due to cellular O2 consumption. A reaction-diffusion model is developed to predict pericellular O2 tension a priori, demonstrating that the effect of cellular O2 consumption has the greatest impact in smaller volume culture vessels. By controlling pericellular O2 tension in cell culture, it is found that hypoxia vs. anoxia induce distinct breast cancer transcriptomic and translational responses, including modulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and metabolic reprogramming. Collectively, these findings indicate that breast cancer cells respond non-monotonically to low O2, suggesting that anoxic cell culture is not suitable for modeling hypoxia. Furthermore, it is shown that controlling atmospheric O2 tension in cell culture incubators is insufficient to regulate O2 in cell culture, thus introducing the concept of pericellular O2-controlled cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of BioengineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Khushbu Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Alexandra Nukovic
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | - Guanyu Zhou
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA
| | | | - Cormac T. Taylor
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of MedicineUniversity College DublinBelfieldDublinD04 V1W8Ireland
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- Department of OncologyThe Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21321USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine ProgramThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21321USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnologyThe Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA
| | - Nikolai Slavov
- Department of BioengineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Departments of BioengineeringBiologyChemistry and Chemical BiologySingle Cell Center and Barnett InstituteNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Parallel Squared Technology InstituteWatertownMA02472USA
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical EngineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Department of BioengineeringNortheastern UniversityBostonMA02115USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied SciencesHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138USA
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI)UTC CNRS UMR 7338University of Technology of CompiègneSorbonne UniversityCompiègne60203France
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Hushmandi K, Einollahi B, Saadat SH, Lee EHC, Farani MR, Okina E, Huh YS, Nabavi N, Salimimoghadam S, Kumar AP. Amino acid transporters within the solute carrier superfamily: Underappreciated proteins and novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101952. [PMID: 38705513 PMCID: PMC11112377 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solute carrier (SLC) transporters, a diverse family of membrane proteins, are instrumental in orchestrating the intake and efflux of nutrients including amino acids, vitamins, ions, nutrients, etc, across cell membranes. This dynamic process is critical for sustaining the metabolic demands of cancer cells, promoting their survival, proliferation, and adaptation to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Amino acids are fundamental building blocks of cells and play essential roles in protein synthesis, nutrient sensing, and oncogenic signaling pathways. As key transporters of amino acids, SLCs have emerged as crucial players in maintaining cellular amino acid homeostasis, and their dysregulation is implicated in various cancer types. Thus, understanding the intricate connections between amino acids, SLCs, and cancer is pivotal for unraveling novel therapeutic targets and strategies. SCOPE OF REVIEW In this review, we delve into the significant impact of amino acid carriers of the SLCs family on the growth and progression of cancer and explore the current state of knowledge in this field, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms that underlie these relationships and highlighting potential avenues for future research and clinical interventions. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Amino acids transportation by SLCs plays a critical role in tumor progression. However, some studies revealed the tumor suppressor function of SLCs. Although several studies evaluated the function of SLC7A11 and SLC1A5, the role of some SLC proteins in cancer is not studied well. To exert their functions, SLCs mediate metabolic rewiring, regulate the maintenance of redox balance, affect main oncogenic pathways, regulate amino acids bioavailability within the TME, and alter the sensitivity of cancer cells to therapeutics. However, different therapeutic methods that prevent the function of SLCs were able to inhibit tumor progression. This comprehensive review provides insights into a rapidly evolving area of cancer biology by focusing on amino acids and their transporters within the SLC superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiavash Hushmandi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behzad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Hui Clarissa Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marzieh Ramezani Farani
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Elena Okina
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- NanoBio High-Tech Materials Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Li X, Peng X, Li Y, Wei S, He G, Liu J, Li X, Yang S, Li D, Lin W, Fang J, Yang L, Li H. Glutamine addiction in tumor cell: oncogene regulation and clinical treatment. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:12. [PMID: 38172980 PMCID: PMC10763057 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
After undergoing metabolic reprogramming, tumor cells consume additional glutamine to produce amino acids, nucleotides, fatty acids, and other substances to facilitate their unlimited proliferation. As such, the metabolism of glutamine is intricately linked to the survival and progression of cancer cells. Consequently, targeting the glutamine metabolism presents a promising strategy to inhibit growth of tumor cell and cancer development. This review describes glutamine uptake, metabolism, and transport in tumor cells and its pivotal role in biosynthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, nucleotides, and more. Furthermore, we have also summarized the impact of oncogenes like C-MYC, KRAS, HIF, and p53 on the regulation of glutamine metabolism and the mechanisms through which glutamine triggers mTORC1 activation. In addition, role of different anti-cancer agents in targeting glutamine metabolism has been described and their prospective applications are assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Guangpeng He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Weikai Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jianjun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
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6
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Rogers ZJ, Colombani T, Khan S, Bhatt K, Nukovic A, Zhou G, Woolston BM, Taylor CT, Gilkes DM, Slavov N, Bencherif SA. Controlling pericellular oxygen tension in cell culture reveals distinct breast cancer responses to low oxygen tensions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560369. [PMID: 37873449 PMCID: PMC10592900 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) tension plays a key role in tissue function and pathophysiology. O2-controlled cell culture, in which the O2 concentration in an incubator's gas phase is controlled, is an indispensable tool to study the role of O2 in vivo. For this technique, it is presumed that the incubator setpoint is equal to the O2 tension that cells experience (i.e., pericellular O2). We discovered that physioxic (5% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) setpoints regularly induce anoxic (0.0% O2) pericellular tensions in both adherent and suspension cell cultures. Electron transport chain inhibition ablates this effect, indicating that cellular O2 consumption is the driving factor. RNA-seq revealed that primary human hepatocytes cultured in physioxia experience ischemia-reperfusion injury due to anoxic exposure followed by rapid reoxygenation. To better understand the relationship between incubator gas phase and pericellular O2 tensions, we developed a reaction-diffusion model that predicts pericellular O2 tension a priori. This model revealed that the effect of cellular O2 consumption is greatest in smaller volume culture vessels (e.g., 96-well plate). By controlling pericellular O2 tension in cell culture, we discovered that MCF7 cells have stronger glycolytic and glutamine metabolism responses in anoxia vs. hypoxia. MCF7 also expressed higher levels of HIF2A, CD73, NDUFA4L2, etc. and lower levels of HIF1A, CA9, VEGFA, etc. in response to hypoxia vs. anoxia. Proteomics revealed that 4T1 cells had an upregulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) response and downregulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) management, glycolysis, and fatty acid metabolism pathways in hypoxia vs. anoxia. Collectively, these results reveal that breast cancer cells respond non-monotonically to low O2, suggesting that anoxic cell culture is not suitable to model hypoxia. We demonstrate that controlling atmospheric O2 tension in cell culture incubators is insufficient to control O2 in cell culture and introduce the concept of pericellular O2-controlled cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Rogers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thibault Colombani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khushbu Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Nukovic
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guanyu Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Woolston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cormac T. Taylor
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniele M. Gilkes
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21321, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Program, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21321, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Nikolai Slavov
- Departments of Bioengineering, Biology, Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Single Cell Center and Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
- Parallel Squared Technology Institute, Watertown, MA 02135 USA
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Biomechanics and Bioengineering (BMBI), UTC CNRS UMR 7338, University of Technology of Compiègne, Sorbonne University, 60203 Compiègne, France
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Zohar Y, Mabjeesh NJ. Targeting HIF-1 for prostate cancer: a synthesis of preclinical evidence. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:715-731. [PMID: 37596912 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2248381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) mediates multiple intracellular processes that drive cellular metabolism and induce proliferation. Dysregulated HIF expression is associated with oncogenic cellular transformation. Moreover, high HIF levels correlate with tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance, indicating the vital effect of HIF-1α on tumorigenicity. Currently, widespread in-vitro and in-vivo research is focusing on targeting HIF with drugs that have already been approved for use by the FDA, such as belzutifan, in renal cell carcinoma. HIF inhibition is mostly associated with tumor size reduction; however, drug toxicity remains a challenge. AREA COVERED In this review, we focus on the potential of targeting HIF in prostate cancer (PC) and summarize the scientific background of HIF activity in PC. This finding emphasizes the rationale for using HIF as a therapeutic target in this malignancy. We have listed known HIF inhibitors that are being investigated in preclinical studies and their potential as anticancer drugs for PC. EXPERT OPINION Although HIF-targeting agents have been investigated for over a decade, their use in therapy-resistant cancers remains relevant and should be explored further. In addition, the use of naturally occurring HIF inhibitors should be considered as an add-on therapy for the currently used regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Zohar
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nicola J Mabjeesh
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er-Sheva, Israel
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Aboouf MA, Thiersch M, Soliz J, Gassmann M, Schneider Gasser EM. The Brain at High Altitude: From Molecular Signaling to Cognitive Performance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10179. [PMID: 37373327 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain requires over one-fifth of the total body oxygen demand for normal functioning. At high altitude (HA), the lower atmospheric oxygen pressure inevitably challenges the brain, affecting voluntary spatial attention, cognitive processing, and attention speed after short-term, long-term, or lifespan exposure. Molecular responses to HA are controlled mainly by hypoxia-inducible factors. This review aims to summarize the cellular, metabolic, and functional alterations in the brain at HA with a focus on the role of hypoxia-inducible factors in controlling the hypoxic ventilatory response, neuronal survival, metabolism, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Aboouf
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Thiersch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jorge Soliz
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Max Gassmann
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Edith M Schneider Gasser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec (IUCPQ), Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Navarrete-Meneses MDP, Salas-Labadía C, Juárez-Velázquez MDR, Moreno-Lorenzana D, Gómez-Chávez F, Olaya-Vargas A, Pérez-Vera P. Exposure to Insecticides Modifies Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Hematopoietic Tissues In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6259. [PMID: 37047231 PMCID: PMC10094043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The evidence supporting the biological plausibility of the association of permethrin and malathion with hematological cancer is limited and contradictory; thus, further studies are needed. This study aimed to investigate whether in vitro exposure to 0.1 μM permethrin and malathion at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after cell culture initiation induced changes in the gene expression and DNA methylation in mononuclear cells from bone marrow and peripheral blood (BMMCs, PBMCs). Both pesticides induced several gene expression modifications in both tissues. Through gene ontology analysis, we found that permethrin deregulates ion channels in PBMCs and BMMCs and that malathion alters genes coding proteins with nucleic acid binding capacity, which was also observed in PBMCs exposed to permethrin. Additionally, we found that both insecticides deregulate genes coding proteins with chemotaxis functions, ion channels, and cytokines. Several genes deregulated in this study are potentially associated with cancer onset and development, and some of them have been reported to be deregulated in hematological cancer. We found that permethrin does not induce DNA hypermethylation but can induce hypomethylation, and that malathion generated both types of events. Our results suggest that these pesticides have the potential to modify gene expression through changes in promoter DNA methylation and potentially through other mechanisms that should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Pilar Navarrete-Meneses
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (M.d.P.N.-M.); (C.S.-L.); (M.d.R.J.-V.); (D.M.-L.)
| | - Consuelo Salas-Labadía
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (M.d.P.N.-M.); (C.S.-L.); (M.d.R.J.-V.); (D.M.-L.)
| | - María del Rocío Juárez-Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (M.d.P.N.-M.); (C.S.-L.); (M.d.R.J.-V.); (D.M.-L.)
| | - Dafné Moreno-Lorenzana
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (M.d.P.N.-M.); (C.S.-L.); (M.d.R.J.-V.); (D.M.-L.)
| | - Fernando Gómez-Chávez
- Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Vacunas y Bioterapéuticos, Doctorado en Ciencias en Biotecnología, Laboratorio de Enfermedades Osteoarticulares e Inmunológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-ENMyH, Mexico City 07738, Mexico;
| | - Alberto Olaya-Vargas
- Unidad de Trasplante de Células Hematopoyeticas y Terapia Celular, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | - Patricia Pérez-Vera
- Laboratorio de Genética y Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico; (M.d.P.N.-M.); (C.S.-L.); (M.d.R.J.-V.); (D.M.-L.)
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10
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Li N, Xu X, Liu D, Gao J, Gao Y, Wu X, Sheng H, Li Q, Mi J. The delta subunit of the GABA A receptor is necessary for the GPT2-promoted breast cancer metastasis. Theranostics 2023; 13:1355-1369. [PMID: 36923530 PMCID: PMC10008743 DOI: 10.7150/thno.80544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT2) catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to generate pyruvate and glutamate during cellular glutamine catabolism. The glutamate could be further converted to γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). However, the role of GPT2 in tumor metastasis remains unclear. Methods: The wound healing and transwell assays were carried out to analyze breast cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Gene ontology analysis was utilized following RNA-sequencing to discover the associated molecule function. The mass spectrometry analysis following phosphoprotein enrichment was performed to discover the associated transcription factors. Most importantly, both the tail vein model and Mammary gland conditional Gpt2-/- spontaneous tumor mouse models were used to evaluate the effect of GPT2 on breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Results: GPT2 overexpression increases the content of GABA and promotes breast cancer metastasis by activating GABAA receptors. The delta subunit GABRD is necessary for the GPT2/GABA-induced breast cancer metastasis in xenograft and transgenic mouse models. Gpt2 knockout reduces the lung metastasis of the genetic Gpt2-/- breast cancer in mice and prolongs the overall survival of tumor burden mice. Mechanistically, GPT2-induced GABAA receptor activation increases Ca2+ influx by turning on its associated calcium channel, and the surged intracellular calcium triggers the PKC-CREB pathway activation. The activated transcription factor CREB accelerates breast cancer metastasis by upregulating metastasis-related gene expressions, such as PODXL, MMP3, and MMP9. Conclusion: In summary, this study demonstrates that GPT2 promotes breast cancer metastasis through up-regulated GABA activation of GABAAR-PKC-CREB signaling, suggesting it is a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital; Basic Medical Institute; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Xiang Xu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital; Basic Medical Institute; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital Jiading Branch, Shanghai
| | - Dan Liu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital; Basic Medical Institute; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University
| | - Ying Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University
| | - Xufeng Wu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital; Basic Medical Institute; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
| | - Huiming Sheng
- Department of Clinic Laboratory, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Huiming Sheng: ; Qun Li, ; Jun Mi,
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Huiming Sheng: ; Qun Li, ; Jun Mi,
| | - Jun Mi
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Tongren Hospital; Basic Medical Institute; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Huiming Sheng: ; Qun Li, ; Jun Mi,
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11
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Semenza GL. Hypoxia-inducible factors: roles in cardiovascular disease progression, prevention, and treatment. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 119:371-380. [PMID: 35687650 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF)-1 and HIF-2 are master regulators of oxygen homeostasis that regulate the expression of thousands of genes in order to match O2 supply and demand. A large body of experimental data links HIF activity to protection against multiple disorders affecting the cardiovascular system: ischemic cardiovascular disease (including coronary artery disease and peripheral artery disease), through collateral blood vessel formation and preconditioning phenomena; emphysema; lymphedema; and lung transplant rejection. In these disorders, strategies to increase the expression of one or both HIFs may be of therapeutic utility. Conversely, extensive data link HIFs to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and drugs that inhibit one or both HIFs may be useful in treating this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg L Semenza
- Armstrong Oxygen Biology Research Center, Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering; and Departments of Genetic Medicine, Pediatrics, Medicine, Oncology, Radiation Oncology, and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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12
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Kołat D, Kałuzińska Ż, Bednarek AK, Płuciennik E. Prognostic significance of AP-2α/γ targets as cancer therapeutics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5497. [PMID: 35361846 PMCID: PMC8971500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09494-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying genes with prognostic importance could improve cancer treatment. An increasing number of reports suggest the existence of successful strategies based on seemingly "untargetable" transcription factors. In addition to embryogenesis, AP-2 transcription factors are known to play crucial roles in cancer development. Members of this family can be used as prognostic factors in oncological patients, and AP-2α/γ transcription factors were previously investigated in our pan-cancer comparative study using their target genes. The present study investigates tumors that were previously found similar with an emphasis on the possible role of AP-2 factors in specific cancer types. The RData workspace was loaded back to R environment and 3D trajectories were built via Monocle3. The genes that met the requirement of specificity were listed using top_markers(), separately for mutual and unique targets. Furthermore, the candidate genes had to meet the following requirements: correlation with AP-2 factor (through Correlation AnalyzeR) and validated prognostic importance (using GEPIA2 and subsequently KM-plotter or LOGpc). Eventually, the ROC analysis was applied to confirm their predictive value; co-dependence of expression was visualized via BoxPlotR. Some similar tumors were differentiated by AP-2α/γ targets with prognostic value. Requirements were met by only fifteen genes (EMX2, COL7A1, GRIA1, KRT1, KRT14, SLC12A5, SEZ6L, PTPRN, SCG5, DPP6, NTSR1, ARX, COL4A3, PPEF1 and TMEM59L); of these, the last four were excluded based on ROC curves. All the above genes were confronted with the literature, with an emphasis on the possible role played by AP-2 factors in specific cancers. Following ROC analysis, the genes were verified using immunohistochemistry data and progression-related signatures. Staining differences were observed, as well as co-dependence on the expression of e.g. CTNNB1, ERBB2, KRAS, SMAD4, EGFR or MKI67. In conclusion, prognostic value of targets suggested AP-2α/γ as candidates for novel cancer treatment. It was also revealed that AP-2 targets are related to tumor progression and that some mutual target genes could be inversely regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Kołat
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej K Bednarek
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752, Lodz, Poland
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13
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García-Gaytán AC, Hernández-Abrego A, Díaz-Muñoz M, Méndez I. Glutamatergic system components as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer in non-neural organs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1029210. [PMID: 36457557 PMCID: PMC9705578 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1029210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is one of the most abundant amino acids in the blood. Besides its role as a neurotransmitter in the brain, it is a key substrate in several metabolic pathways and a primary messenger that acts through its receptors outside the central nervous system (CNS). The two main types of glutamate receptors, ionotropic and metabotropic, are well characterized in CNS and have been recently analyzed for their roles in non-neural organs. Glutamate receptor expression may be particularly important for tumor growth in organs with high concentrations of glutamate and might also influence the propensity of such tumors to set metastases in glutamate-rich organs, such as the liver. The study of glutamate transporters has also acquired relevance in the physiology and pathologies outside the CNS, especially in the field of cancer research. In this review, we address the recent findings about the expression of glutamatergic system components, such as receptors and transporters, their role in the physiology and pathology of cancer in non-neural organs, and their possible use as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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14
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Cho-Clark MJ, Sukumar G, Vidal NM, Raiciulescu S, Oyola MG, Olsen C, Mariño-Ramírez L, Dalgard CL, Wu TJ. Comparative transcriptome analysis between patient and endometrial cancer cell lines to determine common signaling pathways and markers linked to cancer progression. Oncotarget 2021; 12:2500-2513. [PMID: 34966482 PMCID: PMC8711572 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.28161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence and mortality of endometrial cancer (EC) in the United States calls for an improved understanding of the disease's progression. Current methodologies for diagnosis and treatment rely on the use of cell lines as models for tumor biology. However, due to inherent heterogeneity and differential growing environments between cell lines and tumors, these comparative studies have found little parallels in molecular signatures. As a consequence, the development and discovery of preclinical models and reliable drug targets are delayed. In this study, we established transcriptome parallels between cell lines and tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) with the use of optimized normalization methods. We identified genes and signaling pathways associated with regulating the transformation and progression of EC. Specifically, the LXR/RXR activation, neuroprotective role for THOP1 in Alzheimer's disease, and glutamate receptor signaling pathways were observed to be mostly downregulated in advanced cancer stage. While some of these highlighted markers and signaling pathways are commonly found in the central nervous system (CNS), our results suggest a novel function of these genes in the periphery. Finally, our study underscores the value of implementing appropriate normalization methods in comparative studies to improve the identification of accurate and reliable markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelaine J. Cho-Clark
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gauthaman Sukumar
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Newton Medeiros Vidal
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Sorana Raiciulescu
- Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mario G. Oyola
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Cara Olsen
- Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Clifton L. Dalgard
- Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - T. John Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Surgery & Obstetrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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15
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Kanai Y. Amino acid transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5) as a molecular target for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 230:107964. [PMID: 34390745 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells require a massive supply of nutrients, including sugars and amino acids-the upregulation of transporters for each nutrient contributes to meet the demand. Distinct from glucose transporters, amino acid transporters include ones whose expression is specific to cancer cells. For example, LAT1 (SLC7A5) displays protein expression mostly limited to the plasma membrane of cancer cells. The exceptions are the placental barrier and the blood-brain barrier, where immunohistochemical and mass spectrometric studies have shown LAT1 expression, although their levels are supposed to be lower than those in cancers. The expression of LAT1 has been reported in cancers from various tissue origins, where high LAT1 expression is related to the poor prognosis of patients. LAT1 is essential for cancer cell growth because the pharmacologic inhibition and knockdown/knockout of LAT1 suppress the proliferation of cancer cells and the growth of xenograft tumors. The inhibition of LAT1 suppresses protein synthesis by downregulating the mTORC1 signaling pathway and mobilizing the general amino acid control (GAAC) pathway in cancer cells. LAT1 is, thus, a candidate molecular target for the diagnosis and therapeutics of cancers. 18F-labeled 3-fluoro-l-α-methyl-tyrosine (FAMT) is used as a LAT1-specific PET probe for cancer detection due to the LAT1 specificity of α-methyl aromatic amino acids. FAMT accumulation is cancer-specific and avoids non-cancer lesions, including inflammation, confirming the cancer-specific expression of LAT1 in humans. Due to the cancer-specific nature, LAT1 can also be used for cancer-specific delivery of anti-tumor agents such as l-para-boronophenylalanine used for boron neutron capture therapy and α-emitting nuclide-labeled LAT1 substrates developed for nuclear medicine treatment. Based on the importance of LAT1 in cancer progression, high-affinity LAT1-specific inhibitors have been developed for anti-tumor drugs. JPH203 (KYT0353) is such a compound designed based on the structure-activity relationship of LAT1 ligands. It is one of the highest-affinity inhibitors with less affecting other transporters. It suppresses tumor growth in vivo without significant toxicity in preclinical studies at doses enough to suppress tumor growth. In the phase-I clinical trial, JPH203 appeared to provide promising activity. Because the mechanisms of action of LAT1 inhibitors are novel, with or without combination with other anti-tumor drugs, they could contribute to the treatment of cancers that do not respond to current therapy. The LAT1-specific PET probe could also be used as companion diagnostics of the LAT1-targeting therapies to select patients to whom therapeutic benefits could be expected. Recently, the cryo-EM structure of LAT1 has been solved, which would facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms of the dynamic interaction of ligands and the binding site, and further designing new compounds with higher activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikatsu Kanai
- Department of Bio-system Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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16
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Arnaiz E, Miar A, Bridges E, Prasad N, Hatch SB, Ebner D, Lawrie CH, Harris AL. Differential effects of HIF2α antagonist and HIF2α silencing in renal cancer and sensitivity to repurposed drugs. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:896. [PMID: 34353313 PMCID: PMC8344147 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clear cell renal cell carcinoma, 80% of cases have biallelic inactivation of the VHL gene, leading to constitutive activation of both HIF1α and HIF2α. As HIF2α is the driver of the disease promoting tumour growth and metastasis, drugs targeting HIF2α have been developed. However, resistance is common, therefore new therapies are needed. METHODS We assessed the effect of the HIF2α antagonist PT2385 in several steps of tumour development and performed RNAseq to identify genes differentially expressed upon treatment. A drug screening was used to identify drugs with antiproliferative effects on VHL-mutated HIF2α-expressing cells and could increase effectiveness of PT2385. RESULTS PT2385 did not reduce cell proliferation or clonogenicity but, in contrast to the genetic silencing of HIF2α, it reduced in vitro cell invasion. Many HIF-inducible genes were down-regulated upon PT2385 treatment, whereas some genes involved in cell migration or extracellular matrix were up-regulated. HIF2α was associated with resistance to statins, addition to PT2385 did not increase the sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS this study shows key differences between inhibiting a target versus knockdown, which are potentially targetable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Arnaiz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Ana Miar
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Esther Bridges
- Department of Medical Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Naveen Prasad
- Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stephanie B Hatch
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, NDM Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Charles H Lawrie
- Department of Oncology, Molecular Oncology Group, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Paseo Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014, San-Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
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17
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Murphy DA, Cheng H, Yang T, Yan X, Adjei IM. Reversing Hypoxia with PLGA-Encapsulated Manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles Improves Natural Killer Cell Response to Tumor Spheroids. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2935-2946. [PMID: 34191525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells, which can recognize and obliterate cancer cells, provides a practical alternative to current treatment modalities to improve cancer patients' survival. However, translating NK cell therapies to treat solid tumors has proven challenging due to the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hypoxia in the TME induces immunosuppression that inhibits the cytotoxic function of NK cells. Thus, reversing hypoxia-induced immunosuppression is critical for effective adoptive NK cell immunotherapy. In this study, we use manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) to catalyze the degradation of tumor-produced hydrogen peroxide, thereby generating oxygen. For improved biocompatibility and modulation of oxygen production, the MnO2 NPs were encapsulated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic) to produce particles that are 116 nm in size and with a ζ-potential of +17 mV (PLGA-MnO2 NPs). The PLGA-MnO2 NPs showed first-order oxygen production and sustained high oxygen tension compared to equivalent amounts of bare MnO2 NPs in the presence of H2O2. The PLGA-MnO2 NPs were biocompatible, reduced hypoxia after penetration into the core of cancer spheroids, and decreased hypoxia-induced factor 1 α expression. Reducing hypoxia in the spheroid resulted in a decrease in the potent immunosuppressors, adenosine, and lactate, which was confirmed by electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS). ESI-MS also showed a change in the metabolism of the amino acids aspartate, glutamine, and glutamate after hypoxia reduction in the cancer cells. Notably, the spheroids' microenvironment changes enhanced NK cells' cytotoxicity, which obliterated the spheroids. These results demonstrate that reducing hypoxia-induced immunosuppression in tumors is a potent strategy to increase the potency of cytotoxic immune cells in the TME. The developed NPs are promising new tools to improve adoptive NK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Heyong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tingyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Isaac M Adjei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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18
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Nachef M, Ali AK, Almutairi SM, Lee SH. Targeting SLC1A5 and SLC3A2/SLC7A5 as a Potential Strategy to Strengthen Anti-Tumor Immunity in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:624324. [PMID: 33953707 PMCID: PMC8089370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.624324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are metabolically vigorous and are superior in the uptake of nutrients and in the release of the tumor microenvironment (TME)-specific metabolites. They create an acidic, hypoxic, and nutrient-depleted TME that makes it difficult for the cytotoxic immune cells to adapt to the metabolically hostile environment. Since a robust metabolism in immune cells is required for optimal anti-tumor effector functions, the challenges caused by the TME result in severe defects in the invasion and destruction of the established tumors. There have been many recent developments in NK and T cell-mediated immunotherapy, such as engineering them to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to enhance tumor-recognition and infiltration. However, to defeat the tumor and overcome the limitations of the TME, it is essential to fortify these novel therapies by improving the metabolism of the immune cells. One potential strategy to enhance the metabolic fitness of immune cells is to upregulate the expression of nutrient transporters, specifically glucose and amino acid transporters. In particular, the amino acid transporters SLC1A5 and SLC7A5 as well as the ancillary subunit SLC3A2, which are required for efficient uptake of glutamine and leucine respectively, could strengthen the metabolic capabilities and effector functions of tumor-directed CAR-NK and T cells. In addition to enabling the influx and efflux of essential amino acids through the plasma membrane and within subcellular compartments such as the lysosome and the mitochondria, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the amino acid transporters participate in sensing amino acid levels and thereby activate mTORC1, a master metabolic regulator that promotes cell metabolism, and induce the expression of c-Myc, a transcription factor essential for cell growth and proliferation. In this review, we discuss the regulatory pathways of these amino acid transporters and how we can take advantage of these processes to strengthen immunotherapy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Nachef
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alaa Kassim Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,The University of Ottawa Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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19
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Prikhodko VA, Selizarova NO, Okovityi SV. [Molecular mechanisms for hypoxia development and adaptation to it. Part I]. Arkh Patol 2021; 83:52-61. [PMID: 33822555 DOI: 10.17116/patol20218302152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a typical pathological process characterized by the occurrence of oxygen deficiency in tissues and cells and accompanied by the development of immediate and delayed compensatory and adaptive reactions. Reprogramming of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function is one the most essential regulatory mechanisms that allow for immediate adaptation to hypoxia. Succinic acid, or succinate, is involved in this process not only as one of the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TAC) cycle, but also as a signaling molecule. In this connection, the purpose of this review was to systematize the available data on the molecular mechanisms for the development of hypoxia and its adaptation at the ETC/TAC coupling site, as well as on the role of succinic acid in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Prikhodko
- Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - N O Selizarova
- Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - S V Okovityi
- Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Indio V, Schipani A, Nannini M, Urbini M, Rizzo A, De Leo A, Altimari A, Di Scioscio V, Messelodi D, Tarantino G, Astolfi A, Pantaleo MA. Gene Expression Landscape of SDH-Deficient Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051057. [PMID: 33806389 PMCID: PMC7961685 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 20-40% of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) lacking KIT/PDGFRA mutations show defects in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex. This study uncovers the gene expression profile (GEP) of SDH-deficient GIST in order to identify new signaling pathways or molecular events actionable for a tailored therapy. METHODS We analyzed 36 GIST tumor samples, either from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded by microarray or from fresh frozen tissue by RNA-seq, retrospectively collected among KIT-mutant and SDH-deficient GISTs. Pathway analysis was performed to highlight enriched and depleted transcriptional signatures. Tumor microenvironment and immune profile were also evaluated. RESULTS SDH-deficient GISTs showed a distinct GEP with respect to KIT-mutant GISTs. In particular, SDH-deficient GISTs were characterized by an increased expression of neural markers and by the activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling and several biological pathways related to invasion and tumor progression. Among them, hypoxia and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition emerged as features shared with SDH-deficient pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. In addition, the study of immune landscape revealed the depletion of tumor microenvironment and inflammation gene signatures. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an update of GEP in SDH-deficient GISTs, highlighting differences and similarities compared to KIT-mutant GISTs and to other neoplasm carrying the SDH loss of function. Our findings add a piece of knowledge in SDH-deficient GISTs, shedding light on their putative histology and on the dysregulated biological processes as targets of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Indio
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.I.); (G.T.)
| | - Angela Schipani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Margherita Nannini
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Milena Urbini
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Altimari
- Laboratory of Oncologic Molecular Pathology, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Valerio Di Scioscio
- Radiology Unit, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Daria Messelodi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Tarantino
- “Giorgio Prodi” Cancer Research Center, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (V.I.); (G.T.)
| | - Annalisa Astolfi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Abbondanza Pantaleo
- Division of Oncology, IRCCS—Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (M.N.); (M.A.P.)
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21
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Xu L, Chen J, Jia L, Chen X, Awaleh Moumin F, Cai J. SLC1A3 promotes gastric cancer progression via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:14392-14404. [PMID: 33145952 PMCID: PMC7753768 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a major cause of mortality worldwide. The glutamate/aspartate transporter SLC1A3 has been implicated in tumour metabolism and progression, but the roles of SLC1A3 in gastric cancer remain unclear. We used bioinformatics approaches to analyse the expression of SLC1A3 and its role in gastric cancer. The expression levels of SLC1A3 were examined using RT-qPCR and Western bolting. SLC1A3 overexpressing and knock-down cell lines were constructed, and the cell viability was evaluated. Glucose consumption, lactate excretion and ATP levels were determined. The roles of SLC1A3 in tumour growth were evaluated using a xenograft tumour growth model. SLC1A3 was found to be overexpressed in gastric cancer, and this overexpression was associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that SLC1A3 affected glucose metabolism and promoted gastric cancer growth. GSEA analysis suggested that SLC1A3 was positively associated with the up-regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. SLC1A3 overexpression activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and up-regulated GLUT1, HK II and LDHA expression. The PI3K/AKT inhibitor LY294002 prevented SLC1A3-induced glucose metabolism and cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that SLC1A3 promotes gastric cancer progression via the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. SLC1A3 is therefore a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterologythe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterologythe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Litao Jia
- Department of Gastroenterologythe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Chen
- Emergency Departmentthe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Faycal Awaleh Moumin
- Department of Gastroenterologythe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jianting Cai
- Department of Gastroenterologythe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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22
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Metabolic Constrains Rule Metastasis Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092081. [PMID: 32932943 PMCID: PMC7563739 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis formation accounts for the majority of tumor-associated deaths and consists of different steps, each of them being characterized by a distinctive adaptive phenotype of the cancer cells. Metabolic reprogramming represents one of the main adaptive phenotypes exploited by cancer cells during all the main steps of tumor and metastatic progression. In particular, the metabolism of cancer cells evolves profoundly through all the main phases of metastasis formation, namely the metastatic dissemination, the metastatic colonization of distant organs, the metastatic dormancy, and ultimately the outgrowth into macroscopic lesions. However, the metabolic reprogramming of metastasizing cancer cells has only recently become the subject of intense study. From a clinical point of view, the latter steps of the metastatic process are very important, because patients often undergo surgical removal of the primary tumor when cancer cells have already left the primary tumor site, even though distant metastases are not clinically detectable yet. In this scenario, to precisely elucidate if and how metabolic reprogramming drives acquisition of cancer-specific adaptive phenotypes might pave the way to new therapeutic strategies by combining chemotherapy with metabolic drugs for better cancer eradication. In this review we discuss the latest evidence that claim the importance of metabolic adaptation for cancer progression.
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23
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Eckert AW, Kappler M, Große I, Wickenhauser C, Seliger B. Current Understanding of the HIF-1-Dependent Metabolism in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6083. [PMID: 32846951 PMCID: PMC7504563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the 10th most frequent human malignancy and is thus a global burden. Despite some progress in diagnosis and therapy, patients' overall survival rate, between 40 and 55%, has stagnated over the last four decades. Since the tumor node metastasis (TNM) system is not precise enough to predict the disease outcome, additive factors for diagnosis, prognosis, prediction and therapy resistance are urgently needed for OSCC. One promising candidate is the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which functions as an early regulator of tumor aggressiveness and is a key promoter of energy adaptation. Other parameters comprise the composition of the tumor microenvironment, which determines the availability of nutrients and oxygen. In our opinion, these general processes are linked in the pathogenesis of OSCC. Based on this assumption, the review will summarize the major features of the HIF system-induced activities, its target proteins and related pathways of nutrient utilization and metabolism that are essential for the initiation, progression and therapeutic stratification of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W. Eckert
- Klinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Universitätsklinik der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität, Breslauer Str. 201, 90471 Nurnberg, Germany
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenebrg, Ernst- Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Matthias Kappler
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenebrg, Ernst- Grube-Straße 40, 06120 Halle, Germany;
| | - Ivo Große
- Institut für Informatik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Seckendorff-Platz 1, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Claudia Wickenhauser
- Institut für Pathologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 14, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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24
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Bhutia YD, Ogura J, Grippo PJ, Torres C, Sato T, Wachtel M, Ramachandran S, Babu E, Sivaprakasam S, Rajasekaran D, Schniers B, On N, Smoot L, Thangaraju M, Gnana-Prakasam JP, Ganapathy V. Chronic exposure to excess iron promotes EMT and cancer via p53 loss in pancreatic cancer. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:237-251. [PMID: 32373202 PMCID: PMC7193456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the evidence that hemochromatosis, an iron-overload disease, drives hepatocellular carcinoma, we hypothesized that chronic exposure to excess iron, either due to genetic or environmental causes, predisposes an individual to cancer. Using pancreatic cancer as our primary focus, we employed cell culture studies to interrogate the connection between excess iron and cancer, and combined in vitro and in vivo studies to explore the connection further. Ferric ammonium citrate was used as an exogenous iron source. Chronic exposure to excess iron induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in normal and cancer cell lines, loss of p53, and suppression of p53 transcriptional activity evidenced from decreased expression of p53 target genes (p21, cyclin D1, Bax, SLC7A11). To further extrapolate our cell culture data, we generated EL-KrasG12D (EL-Kras) mouse (pancreatic neoplastic mouse model) expressing Hfe+/+and Hfe−/− genetic background. p53 target gene expression decreased in EL-Kras/Hfe−/− mouse pancreas compared to EL-Kras/Hfe+/+ mouse pancreas. Interestingly, the incidence of acinar-to-ductal metaplasia and cystic pancreatic neoplasms (CPN) decreased in EL-Kras/Hfe−/− mice, but the CPNs that did develop were larger in these mice than in EL-Kras/Hfe+/+ mice. In conclusion, these in vitro and in vivo studies support a potential role for chronic exposure to excess iron as a promoter of more aggressive disease via p53 loss and SLC7A11 upregulation within pancreatic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzom D Bhutia
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Carolina Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8574, Japan
| | - Mitchell Wachtel
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sabarish Ramachandran
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ellappan Babu
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sathish Sivaprakasam
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Devaraja Rajasekaran
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Bradley Schniers
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Nhu On
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79410, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79410, USA
| | - Logan Smoot
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79410, USA
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | | | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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25
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Kou L, Jiang X, Huang H, Lin X, Zhang Y, Yao Q, Chen R. The role of transporters in cancer redox homeostasis and cross-talk with nanomedicines. Asian J Pharm Sci 2020; 15:145-157. [PMID: 32373196 PMCID: PMC7193452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell usually exhibits high levels of reactive oxygen species and adaptive antioxidant system due to the metabolic, genetic, and microenvironment-associated alterations. The altered redox homeostasis can promote tumor progression, development, and treatment resistance. Several membrane transporters are involved in the resetting redox homeostasis and play important roles in tumor progression. Therefore, targeting the involved transporters to disrupt the altered redox balance emerges as a viable strategy for cancer therapy. In addition, nanomedicines have drawn much attention in the past decades. Using nanomedicines to target or reset the redox homeostasis alone or combined with other therapies has brought convincing data in cancer treatment. In this review, we will introduce the altered redox balance in cancer metabolism and involved transporters, and highlight the recent advancements of redox-modulating nanomedicines for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfa Kou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huirong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xinlu Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Youting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Corresponding author. Wenzhou Medical University, University Town, Wenzhou 325035, China. Tel: +86 18958969225
| | - Ruijie Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Corresponding author. Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou 325027, China. Tel: +86 13806890233
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26
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Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Correlates with Favorable Overall Survival in High Grade Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020505. [PMID: 32098278 PMCID: PMC7072166 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is still a question of debate whether neutrophils, often found in the tumor microenvironment, mediate tumor-promoting or rather tumor-inhibiting activities. The present study focuses on the involvement of neutrophils in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Macroscopic features classify two types of peritoneal tumor spread in HGSOC. Widespread and millet sized lesions characterize the miliary type, while non-miliary metastases are larger and associated with better prognosis. Multi-omics and FACS data were generated from ascites samples. Integrated data analysis demonstrates a significant increase of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-associated molecules in non-miliary ascites samples. A co-association network analysis performed with the ascites data further revealed a striking correlation between NETosis-associated metabolites and several eicosanoids. The congruence of data generated from primary neutrophils with ascites analyses indicates the predominance of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX)-independent NETosis. NETosis is associated with protein S100A8/A9 release. An increase of the S100A8/CRP abundance ratio was found to correlate with favorable survival of HGSOC patients. The analysis of additional five independent proteome studies with regard to S100A8/CRP ratios confirmed this observation. In conclusion, NET formation seems to relate with better cancer patient outcome.
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27
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Ni T, Huang T, Gu SL, Wang J, Liu Y, Sun X, Wang YD. DRG Neurons Promote Perineural Invasion of Endometrial Cancer via GluR2. J Cancer 2020; 11:2518-2528. [PMID: 32201522 PMCID: PMC7066017 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Perineural invasion (PNI) is correlated with negative prognosis in multiple cancers, but its role in endometrial cancer (EC) is still largely unknown; thus, targeted treatment for nerve infiltration is lacking as well. Methods: The interaction between nerve and EC cells were investigated by in vitro neural invasion assay and transwell coculture system. Then the nerve-related receptor gene glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 (GRIA2) was detected in EC tissues and cells using PCR array, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. The role of GluR2 (gene name GRIA2) on EC proliferation, migration and invasion was evaluated by a GluR2 antagonist and shRNA. At the same time, the neurotransmitter effect on GluR2 (glutamate) from the cocultured conditional medium was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: EC cell line Ishikawa (ISK) showed the ability to migrate along neurites in vitro and the numbers of migrated/invaded EC cells in the DRG neuron coculture group were significantly increased. The expression of GluR2 in EC tissue was found to be higher than that in para-carcinoma tissue. After GluR2 antagonist and GluR2 shRNA treatment, the proliferation, migration and invasion of ISK cells was markedly inhibited. Moreover, the ability of DRG neurons to promote the migration and invasion of ISK cells could also be attenuated by downregulation of GluR2, and the concentration of the neurotransmitter glutamate was notably increased in the coculture conditional medium compared to that in the DRG neuron or ISK cells alone. Conclusions: DRG neurons promote metastasis of EC cells via GluR2, which might be a risk factor for PNI in EC. Moreover, the perineural system may promote tumor invasion and metastasis under certain circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ni
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Sheng-Lan Gu
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Laboratory for Gynecologic Oncology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yu-Dong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 910 Hengshan Road, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
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28
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Morotti M, Bridges E, Valli A, Choudhry H, Sheldon H, Wigfield S, Gray N, Zois CE, Grimm F, Jones D, Teoh EJ, Cheng WC, Lord S, Anastasiou D, Haider S, McIntyre A, Goberdhan DCI, Buffa F, Harris AL. Hypoxia-induced switch in SNAT2/SLC38A2 regulation generates endocrine resistance in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12452-12461. [PMID: 31152137 PMCID: PMC6589752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818521116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is associated with poor patient outcomes in estrogen receptor-α-positive (ERα+) breast cancer. Hypoxia is known to affect tumor growth by reprogramming metabolism and regulating amino acid (AA) uptake. Here, we show that the glutamine transporter, SNAT2, is the AA transporter most frequently induced by hypoxia in breast cancer, and is regulated by hypoxia both in vitro and in vivo in xenografts. SNAT2 induction in MCF7 cells was also regulated by ERα, but it became predominantly a hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent gene under hypoxia. Relevant to this, binding sites for both HIF-1α and ERα overlap in SNAT2's cis-regulatory elements. In addition, the down-regulation of SNAT2 by the ER antagonist fulvestrant was reverted in hypoxia. Overexpression of SNAT2 in vitro to recapitulate the levels induced by hypoxia caused enhanced growth, particularly after ERα inhibition, in hypoxia, or when glutamine levels were low. SNAT2 up-regulation in vivo caused complete resistance to antiestrogen and, partially, anti-VEGF therapies. Finally, high SNAT2 expression levels correlated with hypoxia profiles and worse outcome in patients given antiestrogen therapies. Our findings show a switch in the regulation of SNAT2 between ERα and HIF-1α, leading to endocrine resistance in hypoxia. Development of drugs targeting SNAT2 may be of value for a subset of hormone-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Morotti
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom;
| | - Esther Bridges
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Valli
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah F6VM+J2, Saudi Arabia
| | - Helen Sheldon
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Wigfield
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Nicki Gray
- Computational Biology Research Group, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Christos E Zois
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Grimm
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1ST, United Kingdom
| | - Dylan Jones
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene J Teoh
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Chen Cheng
- Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lord
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitrios Anastasiou
- Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1ST, United Kingdom
| | - Syed Haider
- Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah C I Goberdhan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Buffa
- Computational Biology and Integrative Genomics, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Hypoxia and Angiogenesis Group, Cancer Research UK Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom;
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29
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Janker L, Mayer RL, Bileck A, Kreutz D, Mader JC, Utpatel K, Heudobler D, Agis H, Gerner C, Slany A. Metabolic, Anti-apoptotic and Immune Evasion Strategies of Primary Human Myeloma Cells Indicate Adaptations to Hypoxia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:936-953. [PMID: 30792264 PMCID: PMC6495257 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy primarily localized within the bone marrow (BM). It develops from a premalignant stage, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), often via an intermediate stage, smoldering MM (SMM). The mechanisms of MM progression have not yet been fully understood, all the more because patients with MGUS and SMM already carry similar initial mutations as found in MM cells. Over the last years, increased importance has been attributed to the tumor microenvironment and its role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Adaptations of MM cells to hypoxic conditions in the BM have been shown to contribute significantly to MM progression, independently from the genetic predispositions of the tumor cells. Searching for consequences of hypoxia-induced adaptations in primary human MM cells, CD138-positive plasma cells freshly isolated from BM of patients with different disease stages, comprising MGUS, SMM, and MM, were analyzed by proteome profiling, which resulted in the identification of 6218 proteins. Results have been made fully accessible via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD010600. Data previously obtained from normal primary B cells were included for comparative purposes. A principle component analysis revealed three clusters, differentiating B cells as well as MM cells corresponding to less and more advanced disease stages. Comparing these three clusters pointed to the alteration of pathways indicating adaptations to hypoxic stress in MM cells on disease progression. Protein regulations indicating immune evasion strategies of MM cells were determined, supported by immunohistochemical staining, as well as transcription factors involved in MM development and progression. Protein regulatory networks related to metabolic adaptations of the cells became apparent. Results were strengthened by targeted analyses of a selected panel of metabolites in MM cells and MM-associated fibroblasts. Based on our data, new opportunities may arise for developing therapeutic strategies targeting myeloma disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert L Mayer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominique Kreutz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna C Mader
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kirsten Utpatel
- Department of Pathology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Heudobler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hermine Agis
- Department of Oncology, University Clinic for Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;.
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30
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ERGÜN S, GÜNEŞ S, BÜYÜKALPELLİ R, AYDIN O. Glutamate transporter SLC1A1 is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:531-537. [PMID: 30862152 PMCID: PMC7024430 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1808-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim This study aimed to comparatively analyze the expression levels of the SLC1A1 gene in renal specimens from tumors and adjacent healthy kidney tissues of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Material and methods Nineteen patients diagnosed with ccRCC were included in the study. The expression levels of the SLC1A1 and GAPDH genes were measured in tumor and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens from the adjacent healthy kidney of each subject. Via the GEPIA database, the distribution of SLC1A1 gene expressions in ccRCC and healthy kidney tissues was obtained. The relative expression of SLC1A1 was evaluated for the association with the clinical parameters of the patients. Results The expression of the SLC1A1 gene was significantly higher in males than females (P = 0.029). Also, there were statistically significant associations between stages II–IV and Fuhrman grades 2–4 with respect to SLC1A1 gene expression (P < 0.001 for both). Moreover, low levels of red blood cell and hemoglobin counts were significantly associated with the SLC1A1 expression (P < 0.001 and P = 0.005, respectively). The expression of the SLC1A1 gene in tumor tissues increased approximately 3 times compared with normal kidney tissues (P < 0.05). According to the GEPIA database, SLC1A1 gene expression is significantly higher in ccRCC patients than healthy persons (P = 0.01). Conclusion The change in the expression of SLC1A1 may be crucial for ccRCC pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan ERGÜN
- Ulubey Vocational Higher School, Ordu University, OrduTurkey
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Sezgin GÜNEŞ
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, SamsunTurkey
| | - Recep BÜYÜKALPELLİ
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, SamsunTurkey
| | - Oğuz AYDIN
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, SamsunTurkey
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Tedesco L, Elguero B, Pacin DG, Senin S, Pollak C, Garcia Marchiñena PA, Jurado AM, Isola M, Labanca MJ, Palazzo M, Yankilevich P, Fuertes M, Arzt E. von Hippel-Lindau mutants in renal cell carcinoma are regulated by increased expression of RSUME. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:266. [PMID: 30890701 PMCID: PMC6424967 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the major cause of death among patients with von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. Resistance to therapies targeting tumor angiogenesis opens the question about the underlying mechanisms. Previously we have described that RWDD3 or RSUME (RWD domain-containing protein SUMO Enhancer) sumoylates and binds VHL protein and negatively regulates HIF degradation, leading to xenograft RCC tumor growth in mice. In this study, we performed a bioinformatics analysis in a ccRCC dataset showing an association of RSUME levels with VHL mutations and tumor progression, and we demonstrate the molecular mechanism by which RSUME regulates the pathologic angiogenic phenotype of VHL missense mutations. We report that VHL mutants fail to downregulate RSUME protein levels accounting for the increased RSUME expression found in RCC tumors. Furthermore, we prove that targeting RSUME in RCC cell line clones carrying missense VHL mutants results in decreased early tumor angiogenesis. The mechanism we describe is that RSUME sumoylates VHL mutants and beyond its sumoylation capacity, interacts with Type 2 VHL mutants, reduces HIF-2α-VHL mutants binding, and negatively regulates the assembly of the Type 2 VHL, Elongins and Cullins (ECV) complex. Altogether these results show RSUME involvement in VHL mutants deregulation that leads to the angiogenic phenotype of RCC tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Tedesco
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Belén Elguero
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Gonilski Pacin
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Senin
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cora Pollak
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Alberto M Jurado
- Departamento de Urología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, VHL Clinical Care Center, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Isola
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Labanca
- Departamento de Patología, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martin Palazzo
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricio Yankilevich
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Fuertes
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Arzt
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Godoy Cruz 2390, C1425FQD, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Guiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon II, 2do Piso, C1428EGA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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32
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Gide TN, Quek C, Menzies AM, Tasker AT, Shang P, Holst J, Madore J, Lim SY, Velickovic R, Wongchenko M, Yan Y, Lo S, Carlino MS, Guminski A, Saw RPM, Pang A, McGuire HM, Palendira U, Thompson JF, Rizos H, Silva IPD, Batten M, Scolyer RA, Long GV, Wilmott JS. Distinct Immune Cell Populations Define Response to Anti-PD-1 Monotherapy and Anti-PD-1/Anti-CTLA-4 Combined Therapy. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:238-255.e6. [PMID: 30753825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 525] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies provide survival benefits in responding patients, but many patients fail to respond. Identifying the biology of treatment response and resistance are a priority to optimize drug selection and improve patient outcomes. We performed transcriptomic and immune profiling on 158 tumor biopsies from melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy (n = 63) or combined anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 (n = 57). These data identified activated T cell signatures and T cell populations in responders to both treatments. Further mass cytometry analysis identified an EOMES+CD69+CD45RO+ effector memory T cell phenotype that was significantly more abundant in responders to combined immunotherapy compared with non-responders (n = 18). The gene expression profile of this population was associated with longer progression-free survival in patients treated with single agent and greater tumor shrinkage in both treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/administration & dosage
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- CTLA-4 Antigen/antagonists & inhibitors
- CTLA-4 Antigen/immunology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory/drug effects
- Ipilimumab/administration & dosage
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/drug effects
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Male
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Nivolumab/administration & dosage
- Phenotype
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/immunology
- Retrospective Studies
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/immunology
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Treatment Outcome
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba N Gide
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Camelia Quek
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Annie T Tasker
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Ping Shang
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Jeff Holst
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jason Madore
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Su Yin Lim
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Rebecca Velickovic
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Matthew Wongchenko
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Yibing Yan
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Serigne Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead and Blacktown Hospitals, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Alexander Guminski
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Robyn P M Saw
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Angel Pang
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Umaimainthan Palendira
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Helen Rizos
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ines Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Marcel Batten
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Mater Hospital, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia; Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Glutaminase 1 expression in colorectal cancer cells is induced by hypoxia and required for tumor growth, invasion, and metastatic colonization. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:40. [PMID: 30674873 PMCID: PMC6426853 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells re-program their metabolic machinery to meet the requirements of malignant transformation and progression. Glutaminase 1 (GLS1) was traditionally known as a mitochondrial enzyme that hydrolyzes glutamine into glutamate and fuels rapid proliferation of cancer cells. However, emerging evidence has now revealed that GLS1 might be a novel oncogene involved in tumorigenesis and progression of human cancers. In this study, we sought to determine whether GLS1 implicated in invasion and metastasis of colorectal carcinoma, and its underlying molecular mechanism. By analyzing a large set of clinical data from online datasets, we found that GLS1 is overexpressed in cancers compared with adjacent normal tissues, and associated with increased patient mortality. Immunohistochemical analysis of GLS1 staining showed that high GLS1 expression is significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced clinical stage in colorectal cancer patients. To investigate the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the Cancer Genome Atlas database and found that GLS1 mRNA expression is associated with a hypoxia signature, which is correlated with an increased risk of metastasis and mortality. Furthermore, reduced oxygen availability increases GLS1 mRNA and protein expression, due to transcriptional activation by hypoxia-inducible factor 1. GLS1 expression in colorectal cancer cells is required for hypoxia-induced migration and invasion in vitro and for tumor growth and metastatic colonization in vivo.
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34
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Chappell JC, Payne LB, Rathmell WK. Hypoxia, angiogenesis, and metabolism in the hereditary kidney cancers. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:442-451. [PMID: 30614813 DOI: 10.1172/jci120855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of hereditary kidney cancer has begun to mature following the identification of several germline syndromes that define genetic and molecular features of this cancer. Molecular defects within these hereditary syndromes demonstrate consistent deficits in angiogenesis and metabolic signaling, largely driven by altered hypoxia signaling. The classical mutation, loss of function of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor, provides a human pathogenesis model for critical aspects of pseudohypoxia. These features are mimicked in a less common hereditary renal tumor syndrome, known as hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma. Here, we review renal tumor angiogenesis and metabolism from a HIF-centric perspective, considering alterations in the hypoxic landscape, and molecular deviations resulting from high levels of HIF family members. Mutations underlying HIF deregulation drive multifactorial aberrations in angiogenic signals and metabolism. The mechanisms by which these defects drive tumor growth are still emerging. However, the distinctive patterns of angiogenesis and glycolysis-/glutamine-dependent bioenergetics provide insight into the cellular environment of these cancers. The result is a scenario permissive for aggressive tumorigenesis especially within the proximal renal tubule. These features of tumorigenesis have been highly actionable in kidney cancer treatments, and will likely continue as central tenets of kidney cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chappell
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Laura Beth Payne
- Center for Heart and Regenerative Medicine, Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech Carilion Research Institute, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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35
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Bowie D. Polyamine-mediated channel block of ionotropic glutamate receptors and its regulation by auxiliary proteins. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18789-18802. [PMID: 30333231 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.003794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most excitatory neurotransmission in the mammalian brain is mediated by a family of plasma membrane-bound signaling proteins called ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). iGluRs assemble at central synapses as tetramers, forming a central ion-channel pore whose primary function is to rapidly transport Na+ and Ca2+ in response to binding the neurotransmitter l-glutamic acid. The pore of iGluRs is also accessible to bulkier cytoplasmic cations, such as the polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, which are drawn into the permeation pathway, but get stuck and block the movement of other ions. The degree of this polyamine-mediated channel block is highly regulated by processes that control the free cytoplasmic polyamine concentration, the membrane potential, or the iGluR subunit composition. Recently, an additional regulation by auxiliary proteins, most notably transmembrane AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs), cornichons, and neuropilin and tolloid-like proteins (NETOs), has been identified. Here, I review what we have learned of polyamine block of iGluRs and its regulation by auxiliary subunits. TARPs, cornichons, and NETOs attenuate the channel block by enabling polyamines to exit the pore. As a result, polyamine permeation occurs at more negative and physiologically relevant membrane potentials. The structural basis for enhanced polyamine transport remains unresolved, although alterations in both channel architecture and charge-screening mechanisms have been proposed. That auxiliary subunits can attenuate the polyamine block reveals an unappreciated impact of polyamine permeation in shaping the signaling properties of neuronal AMPA- and kainate-type iGluRs. Moreover, enhanced polyamine transport through iGluRs may have a role in regulating cellular polyamine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Bowie
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
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36
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Bamji-Stocke S, van Berkel V, Miller DM, Frieboes HB. A review of metabolism-associated biomarkers in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. Metabolomics 2018; 14:81. [PMID: 29983671 PMCID: PMC6033515 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Early detection has proven essential to extend survival. Genomic and proteomic advances have provided impetus to the effort dedicated to detect and diagnose the disease at an earlier stage. Recently, the study of metabolites associated with tumor formation and progression has inaugurated the era of cancer metabolomics to aid in this effort. OBJECTIVES This review summarizes recent work regarding novel metabolites with the potential to serve as biomarkers for early lung tumor detection, evaluation of disease progression, and prediction of patient outcomes. METHOD We compare the metabolite profiling of cancer patients with that of healthy individuals, and the metabolites identified in tissue and biofluid samples and their usefulness as lung cancer biomarkers. We discuss metabolite alterations in tumor versus paired non-tumor lung tissues, as well as metabolite alterations in different stages of lung cancers and their usefulness as indicators of disease progression and overall survival. We evaluate metabolite dysregulation in different types of lung cancers, and those associated with lung cancer versus other lung diseases. We also examine metabolite differences between lung cancer patients and smokers/risk-factor individuals. RESULT Although an extensive list of metabolites has been evaluated to distinguish between these cases, refinement of methods is further required for adequate patient diagnosis. CONCLUSION We conclude that with technological advancement, metabolomics may be able to replace more invasive and costly diagnostic procedures while also providing the means to more effectively tailor treatment to patient-specific tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaya Bamji-Stocke
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall 419, Louisville, KY, 40208, USA
| | - Victor van Berkel
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Donald M Miller
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall 419, Louisville, KY, 40208, USA.
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
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37
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Cha YJ, Kim ES, Koo JS. Amino Acid Transporters and Glutamine Metabolism in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E907. [PMID: 29562706 PMCID: PMC5877768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid transporters are membrane transport proteins, most of which are members of the solute carrier families. Amino acids are essential for the survival of all types of cells, including tumor cells, which have an increased demand for nutrients to facilitate proliferation and cancer progression. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide and is still associated with high mortality rates, despite improved treatment strategies. Recent studies have demonstrated that the amino acid metabolic pathway is altered in breast cancer and that amino acid transporters affect tumor growth and progression. In breast cancer, glutamine is one of the key nutrients, and glutamine metabolism is closely related to the amino acid transporters. In this review, we focus on amino acid transporters and their roles in breast cancer. We also highlight the different subsets of upregulated amino acid transporters in breast cancer and discuss their potential applications as treatment targets, cancer imaging tracers, and drug delivery components. Glutamine metabolism as well as its regulation and therapeutic implication in breast cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Eun-Sol Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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38
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Brown PMGE, McGuire H, Bowie D. Stargazin and cornichon-3 relieve polyamine block of AMPA receptors by enhancing blocker permeation. J Gen Physiol 2017; 150:67-82. [PMID: 29222130 PMCID: PMC5749116 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201711895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamine block of AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors is attenuated by auxiliary proteins stargazin and cornichon-3. Brown et al. show that relief from block is due to enhanced blocker permeation and present a modified model of permeant channel block to account for their experimental findings. Most ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels assemble as signaling complexes consisting of pore-forming and auxiliary subunits. In the mammalian brain, AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (AMPARs) coassemble with several families of auxiliary subunits that regulate channel gating as well as ion channel block and permeation. Previous work has shown that auxiliary proteins stargazin (or γ2) and cornichon-3 (CNIH-3) attenuate the cytoplasmic polyamine channel block of AMPARs, although the underlying mechanism has yet to be established. Here, we show that γ2 and CNIH-3 relieve channel block by enhancing the rate of blocker permeation. Surprisingly, the relative permeability of the polyamine spermine (Spm) through the pore of the AMPAR-γ2 or -CNIH-3 complexes is considerably more than AMPARs expressed alone. Spm permeability is comparable to that of Na+ for the GluA2-γ2 complex and four times greater than Na+ with GluA2 + CNIH-3. A modified model of permeant channel block fully accounts for both the voltage- and time-dependent nature of Spm block. Estimates of block rate constants reveal that auxiliary subunits do not attenuate block by shifting the location of the block site within the membrane electric field, and they do not affect the blocker’s ability to reach it. Instead, γ2 and CNIH-3 relieve channel block by facilitating the blocker’s exit rates from the open channel. From a physiological perspective, the relief of channel block exerted by γ2 and CNIH-3 ensures that there is unfettered signaling by AMPARs at glutamatergic synapses. Moreover, the pronounced ability of AMPARs to transport polyamines may have an unexpected role in regulating cellular polyamine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M G E Brown
- Integrated Program in Neurosciences, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hugo McGuire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Derek Bowie
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Pazhouhandeh M, Samiee F, Boniadi T, Khedmat AF, Vahedi E, Mirdamadi M, Sigari N, Siadat SD, Vaziri F, Fateh A, Ajorloo F, Tafsiri E, Ghanei M, Mahboudi F, Rahimi Jamnani F. Comparative Network Analysis of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Smokers for Representing Potential Therapeutic Targets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13812. [PMID: 29062084 PMCID: PMC5653836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the serum autoantibody (AAb) repertoires of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and smokers (SM), leading to the identification of overactivated pathways and hubs involved in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. Surface- and solution-phase biopanning were performed on immunoglobulin G purified from the sera of NSCLC and SM groups. In total, 20 NSCLC- and 12 SM-specific peptides were detected, which were used to generate NSCLC and SM protein datasets. NSCLC- and SM-related proteins were visualized using STRING and Gephi, and their modules were analyzed using Enrichr. By integrating the overrepresented pathways such as pathways in cancer, epithelial growth factor receptor, c-Met, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-6 signaling pathways, along with a set of proteins (e.g. phospholipase D (PLD), IL-4 receptor, IL-17 receptor, laminins, collagens, and mucins) into the PLD pathway and inflammatory cytokines network as the most critical events in both groups, two super networks were made to elucidate new aspects of NSCLC pathogenesis and to determine the influence of cigarette smoking on tumour formation. Taken together, assessment of the AAb repertoires using a systems biology approach can delineate the hidden events involved in various disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Samiee
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Boniadi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Fadaei Khedmat
- Department of Pulmonology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Vahedi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mirdamadi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naseh Sigari
- Internal Medicine Department, Medical Faculty, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ajorloo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Tafsiri
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani
- Human Antibody Lab, Innovation Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- Microbiology Research Center, Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Jun JC, Rathore A, Younas H, Gilkes D, Polotsky VY. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Cancer. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017. [PMID: 28944164 DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0062-7.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediate the transcription of hundreds of genes that allow cells to adapt to hypoxic environments. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about mechanisms of HIF activation in cancer, as well as downstream cancer-promoting consequences such as altered substrate metabolism, angiogenesis, and cell differentiation. In addition, we examine the proposed relationship between respiratory-related hypoxia, HIFs, and cancer. RECENT FINDINGS HIFs are increased in many forms of cancer, and portend a poor prognosis and response to therapy. CONCLUSION HIFs play a critical role in various stages of carcinogenesis. HIF and its transcription targets may be useful as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aman Rathore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haris Younas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniele Gilkes
- Division of Breast Cancer, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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41
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Cao Y, Lin SH, Wang Y, Chin YE, Kang L, Mi J. Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase GPT2 Promotes Tumorigenesis of Breast Cancer Cells by Activating Sonic Hedgehog Signaling. Theranostics 2017; 7:3021-3033. [PMID: 28839461 PMCID: PMC5566103 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased glutamine metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Mitochondrial glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT2) catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), also known as 2-oxoglutarate, to generate pyruvate and glutamate during cellular glutamine catabolism. However, the precise role of GPT2 in tumorigenesis remains elusive. Here, we report that in breast cancer tissue samples and breast cancer cell lines, GPT2 expression level was markedly elevated and correlated with the pathological grades of breast cancers. GPT2 overexpression increased the subpopulation of breast cancer stem cells in vitro and promoted tumorigenesis in mice. GPT2 reduced α-KG level in cells leading to the inhibition of proline hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) activity involved in the regulation of HIF1α stability. Accumulation of HIF1α, resulting from GPT2-α-KG-PHD2 axial, constitutively activates sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway. Overall, GPT2 promotes tumorigenesis and stemness of breast cancer cells by activating the Shh signaling, suggesting that GTP2 is a potential target for breast cancer therapy.
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42
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Zhang Z, Wen M, Guo J, Shi J, Wang Z, Tan B, Zhang G, Zheng X, Zhang A. Clinical value of miR-425-5p detection and its association with cell proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2017. [PMID: 28647207 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Researches have shown that miR-425-5p expression altered in lung, esophageal, and glial cancer. Similarly, in our previous study, we found miR-425-5p expression was up-regulated in GC cells and could promote gastric cancer (GC) cell invasion and metastasis. However, the functional mechanism and the prognostic significance of miR-425-5p in GC remain unclear. Therefore, the present study examined miR-425-5p expression in GC tissues and also evaluated miR-425-5p of the therapeutic and prognostic value. Moreover, with interference of miR-425-5p expression in cell lines, we investigated the molecular mechanism of miR-425-5p and the expression level was higher in GC tissues comparing with that in gastric tumor-adjacent mucosa. These results suggested that miR-425-5p over-expression may be associated with depth of invasion and TNM stages and can be a prognostic marker of poor outcome. After inhibition of miR-425-5p expression in MKN45 cells, the cell activity was weakened. The number of G0/G1 cells increased while G2/M and S cells decreased, and the cell apoptotic rates elevated (P<0.05). Some proliferation and apoptosis related genes were altered (P<0.05). Consequently, miR-425-5p can be considered as a marker of poor prognosis and it is probably involved in GC cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulating some of the genes which participate these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China.
| | - Ming Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Jianwei Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Oncology Department, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Bibo Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Xiangkui Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
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43
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Zhang HY, Yang W, Lu JB. Knockdown of GluA2 induces apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer A549 cells through the p53 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1005-1010. [PMID: 28693266 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors are important glutamatergic receptors that mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. Previous studies have demonstrated that glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 (GluA2), one of the four subunits that comprise AMPA receptors, is a potential novel marker for poor prognosis in patients with human lung cancer. However, the mechanisms of GluA2-induced apoptosis, proliferation and migration in lung cancer remain unknown. The present study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying these effects of GluA2 in human lung cancer by silencing GluA2 in A549 cells. Using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, western blot analysis and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, downregulation of GluA2 was revealed to significantly inhibit the proliferation and significantly promote the apoptosis of A549 cells. Knockdown of GluA2 was also revealed to be associated with increased caspase-3 activity, increased Bcl-2-associated X protein and Bcl-2-associated death promoter (Bad) expression, and decreased expression of B-cell lymphoma-2, p-Bad and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. In addition, GluA2 silencing upregulated cellular tumor antigen p53 (p53)/p21Cip1/Waf1/p16INK4a protein. In conclusion, these results indicate that the effects of GluA2 in lung cancer are mediated by the caspase-3 and p53/p21Cip1/Waf1/p16INK4a signaling pathways. Therefore, GluA2 may be a potential novel therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 150000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 150000, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Bin Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 150000, P.R. China
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Node-Structured Integrative Gaussian Graphical Model Guided by Pathway Information. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8520480. [PMID: 28487748 PMCID: PMC5405575 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8520480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Up to date, many biological pathways related to cancer have been extensively applied thanks to outputs of burgeoning biomedical research. This leads to a new technical challenge of exploring and validating biological pathways that can characterize transcriptomic mechanisms across different disease subtypes. In pursuit of accommodating multiple studies, the joint Gaussian graphical model was previously proposed to incorporate nonzero edge effects. However, this model is inevitably dependent on post hoc analysis in order to confirm biological significance. To circumvent this drawback, we attempt not only to combine transcriptomic data but also to embed pathway information, well-ascertained biological evidence as such, into the model. To this end, we propose a novel statistical framework for fitting joint Gaussian graphical model simultaneously with informative pathways consistently expressed across multiple studies. In theory, structured nodes can be prespecified with multiple genes. The optimization rule employs the structured input-output lasso model, in order to estimate a sparse precision matrix constructed by simultaneous effects of multiple studies and structured nodes. With an application to breast cancer data sets, we found that the proposed model is superior in efficiently capturing structures of biological evidence (e.g., pathways). An R software package nsiGGM is publicly available at author's webpage.
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45
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Ju JA, Godet I, Ye IC, Byun J, Jayatilaka H, Lee SJ, Xiang L, Samanta D, Lee MH, Wu PH, Wirtz D, Semenza GL, Gilkes DM. Hypoxia Selectively Enhances Integrin α 5β 1 Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer to Promote Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:723-734. [PMID: 28213554 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of breast cancer mortality. Previous studies have implicated hypoxia-induced changes in the composition and stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the metastatic process. Therefore, the contribution of potential ECM-binding receptors in this process was explored. Using a bioinformatics approach, the expression of all integrin receptor subunits, in two independent breast cancer patient datasets, were analyzed to determine whether integrin status correlates with a validated hypoxia-inducible gene signature. Subsequently, a large panel of breast cancer cell lines was used to validate that hypoxia induces the expression of integrins that bind to collagen (ITGA1, ITGA11, ITGB1) and fibronectin (ITGA5, ITGB1). Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1 and HIF-2) are directly required for ITGA5 induction under hypoxic conditions, which leads to enhanced migration and invasion of single cells within a multicellular 3D tumor spheroid but did not affect migration in a 2D microenvironment. ITGB1 expression requires HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, for hypoxic induction in breast cancer cells. ITGA5 (α5 subunit) is required for metastasis to lymph nodes and lungs in breast cancer models, and high ITGA5 expression in clinical biopsies is associated with an increased risk of mortality.Implications: These results reveal that targeting ITGA5 using inhibitors that are currently under consideration in clinical trials may be beneficial for patients with hypoxic tumors. Mol Cancer Res; 15(6); 723-34. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Ju
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Inês Godet
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - I Chae Ye
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jungmin Byun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hasini Jayatilaka
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sun Joo Lee
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisha Xiang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Debangshu Samanta
- Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Meng Horng Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gregg L Semenza
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Vascular Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniele M Gilkes
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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46
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Jun JC, Rathore A, Younas H, Gilkes D, Polotsky VY. Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and Cancer. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2017; 3:1-10. [PMID: 28944164 DOI: 10.1007/s40675-017-0062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) mediate the transcription of hundreds of genes that allow cells to adapt to hypoxic environments. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about mechanisms of HIF activation in cancer, as well as downstream cancer-promoting consequences such as altered substrate metabolism, angiogenesis, and cell differentiation. In addition, we examine the proposed relationship between respiratory-related hypoxia, HIFs, and cancer. RECENT FINDINGS HIFs are increased in many forms of cancer, and portend a poor prognosis and response to therapy. CONCLUSION HIFs play a critical role in various stages of carcinogenesis. HIF and its transcription targets may be useful as biomarkers of disease and therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Aman Rathore
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Haris Younas
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniele Gilkes
- Division of Breast Cancer, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vsevolod Y Polotsky
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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47
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Day TF, Mewani RR, Starr J, Li X, Chakravarty D, Ressom H, Zou X, Eidelman O, Pollard HB, Srivastava M, Kasid UN. Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses of TNFAIP8 Knockdown Cancer Cells Reveal New Insights into Molecular Determinants of Cell Survival and Tumor Progression. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1513:83-100. [PMID: 27807832 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6539-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α-inducible protein 8 (TNFAIP8) is the first discovered oncogenic and an anti-apoptotic member of a conserved TNFAIP8 or TIPE family of proteins. TNFAIP8 mRNA is induced by NF-kB, and overexpression of TNFAIP8 has been correlated with poor prognosis in many cancers. Downregulation of TNFAIP8 expression has been associated with decreased pulmonary colonization of human tumor cells, and enhanced sensitivities of tumor xenografts to radiation and docetaxel. Here we have investigated the effects of depletion of TNFAIP8 on the mRNA, microRNA and protein expression profiles in prostate and breast cancers and melanoma. Depending on the tumor cell type, knockdown of TNFAIP8 was found to be associated with increased mRNA expression of several antiproliferative and apoptotic genes (e.g., IL-24, FAT3, LPHN2, EPHA3) and fatty acid oxidation gene ACADL, and decreased mRNA levels of oncogenes (e.g., NFAT5, MALAT1, MET, FOXA1, KRAS, S100P, OSTF1) and glutamate transporter gene SLC1A1. TNFAIP8 knockdown cells also exhibited decreased expression of multiple onco-proteins (e.g., PIK3CA, SRC, EGFR, IL5, ABL1, GAP43), and increased expression of the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 and alpha 1 adaptin subunit of the adaptor-related protein complex 2 AP2 critical to clathrin-mediated endocytosis. TNFAIP8-centric molecules were found to be predominately implicated in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway, and cancer and development signaling networks. Thus TNFAIP8 seems to regulate the cell survival and cancer progression processes in a multifaceted manner. Future validation of the molecules identified in this study is likely to lead to new subset of molecules and functional determinants of cancer cell survival and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy F Day
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Rajshree R Mewani
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Joshua Starr
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Center for Medical Proteomics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Debyani Chakravarty
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Habtom Ressom
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Xiaojun Zou
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Ofer Eidelman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Center for Medical Proteomics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Harvey B Pollard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Center for Medical Proteomics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Meera Srivastava
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Center for Medical Proteomics, Uniformed Services University School of Medicine, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Usha N Kasid
- Georgetown-Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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48
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Multiple across-strain and within-strain QTLs suggest highly complex genetic architecture for hypoxia tolerance in channel catfish. Mol Genet Genomics 2016; 292:63-76. [PMID: 27734158 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-016-1256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ability to survive hypoxic conditions is important for various organisms, especially for aquatic animals. Teleost fish, representing more than 50 % of vertebrate species, are extremely efficient in utilizing low levels of dissolved oxygen in water. However, huge variations exist among various taxa of fish in their ability to tolerate hypoxia. In aquaculture, hypoxia tolerance is among the most important traits because hypoxia can cause major economic losses. Genetic enhancement for hypoxia tolerance in catfish is of great interest, but little was done with analysis of the genetic architecture of hypoxia tolerance. The objective of this study was to conduct a genome-wide association study to identify QTLs for hypoxia tolerance using the catfish 250K SNP array with channel catfish families from six strains. Multiple significant and suggestive QTLs were identified across and within strains. One significant QTL and four suggestive QTLs were identified across strains. Six significant QTLs and many suggestive QTLs were identified within strains. There were rare overlaps among the QTLs identified within the six strains, suggesting a complex genetic architecture of hypoxia tolerance. Overall, within-strain QTLs explained larger proportion of phenotypic variation than across-strain QTLs. Many of genes within these identified QTLs have known functions for regulation of oxygen metabolism and involvement in hypoxia responses. Pathway analysis indicated that most of these genes were involved in MAPK or PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways that were known to be important for hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis and survival.
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49
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Glutamate release inhibitor, Riluzole, inhibited proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells by elevated ROS production. Cancer Lett 2016; 382:157-165. [PMID: 27612558 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the common malignancies in many countries and an increasing cause of cancer death. Despite of that, there are few therapeutic options available with inconsistent outcome, raising a need for developing alternative therapeutic options. Through a drug repositioning screening, we identified and investigated the action mechanism of the Riluzole, an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) drug, on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Treatment of the Riluzole leads to a suppression of cell proliferation in liver primary cancer cells and cancer cell lines. In addition, Riluzole induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest in SNU449 and Huh7 cell lines. In a line with the known function of glutamate release inhibitor, we found Riluzole-treated cells have increased the level of inner cellular glutamate that in turn decrease the glutathione (GSH) level and finally augment the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We confirm this finding in vivo by showing the Riluzole-induced GSH and ROS changes in a Huh7 xenograft cancer model. Altogether, these data suggest the anti-cancer effect of Riluzole on hepatocellular carcinoma and the suppression of glutamate signaling might be a new target pathway for HCC therapy.
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50
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Teng L, Lei HM, Sun F, An SM, Tang YB, Meng S, Wang CH, Shen Y, Chen HZ, Zhu L. Autocrine glutamatergic transmission for the regulation of embryonal carcinoma stem cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:49552-49564. [PMID: 27322683 PMCID: PMC5226528 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate behaves as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system and recently demonstrates intercellular signaling activities in periphery cancer cells. How the glutamatergic transmission is organized and operated in cancer stem cells remains undefined. We have identified a glutamatergic transmission circuit in embryonal carcinoma stem cells. The circuit is organized and operated in an autocrine mechanism and suppresses the cell proliferation and motility. Biological analyses determined a repertoire of glutamatergic transmission components, glutaminase, vesicular glutamate transporter, glutamate NMDA receptor, and cell membrane excitatory amino-acid transporter, for glutamate biosynthesis, package for secretion, reaction, and reuptake in mouse and human embryonal carcinoma stem cells. The glutamatergic components were also identified in mouse transplanted teratocarcinoma and in human primary teratocarcinoma tissues. Released glutamate acting as the signal was directly quantified by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Genetic and pharmacological abolishment of the endogenously released glutamate-induced tonic activation of the NMDA receptors increased the cell proliferation and motility. The finding suggests that embryonal carcinoma stem cells can be actively regulated by establishing a glutamatergic autocrine/paracrine niche via releasing and responding to the transmitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Teng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Present address: Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Hubei 443003, China
| | - Hui-Min Lei
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shi-Min An
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ya-Bin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuang Meng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Cong-Hui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Basic Medicine Faculty of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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