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Chen Y, Zhang K, Tan J, Fan Z, Fu Y, Li X, Liu B, Wang G. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of novel benzothiazole derivatives targeting LCK in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107180. [PMID: 38335758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK), a member of the Src family of tyrosine kinases, is implicated in the pathogenesis of almost all types of leukemia via T cells activation and signal transduction. LCK is highly expressed in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and knockdown of the LCK gene can significantly inhibit the proliferation of leukemia cell lines. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of benzothiazole derivatives as novel LCK inhibitors using both docking-based virtual screening and activity assays for structural optimization. Among these compounds, 7 m showed a strong inhibitory activity in the proliferation of leukemia cell lines and LCK kinase activity. Moreover, we found that compound 7 m could induce apoptosis while simultaneously blocking cell cycle via decreasing its phosphorylation at Tyr394 of the LCK. Collectively, these findings shed new light on compound 7 m that would be utilized as a promising drug candidate with apoptosis-triggered and cell cycle arrest activities for the future ALL therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiacheng Tan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuqi Fu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Division of Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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2
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Fouad FM, Eid JI. PAX5 fusion genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33836. [PMID: 37335685 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common cancer affecting children worldwide. The development of ALL is driven by several genes, some of which can be targeted for treatment by inhibiting gene fusions. PAX5 is frequently mutated in ALL and is involved in chromosomal rearrangements and translocations. Mutations in PAX5 interact with other genes, such as ETV6 and FOXP1, which influence B-cell development. PAX5/ETV6 has been observed in both B-ALL patients and a mouse model. The interaction between PAX5 and FOXP1 negatively suppresses the Pax5 gene in B-ALL patients. Additionally, ELN and PML genes have been found to fuse with PAX5, leading to adverse effects on B-cell differentiation. ELN-PAX5 interaction results in the decreased expression of LEF1, MB1, and BLNK, while PML-PAX5 is critical in the early stages of leukemia. PAX5 fusion genes prevent the transcription of the PAX5 gene, making it an essential target gene for the study of leukemia progression and the diagnosis of B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Mohamed Fouad
- Biology Department, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Chemistry Department, Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jehane I Eid
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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3
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Angot L, Schneider P, Vannier JP, Abdoul-Azize S. Beyond Corticoresistance, A Paradoxical Corticosensitivity Induced by Corticosteroid Therapy in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2812. [PMID: 37345151 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Known as a key effector in relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), resistance to drug-induced apoptosis, is tightly considered one of the main prognostic factors for the disease. ALL cells are constantly developing cellular strategies to survive and resist therapeutic drugs. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are one of the most important agents used in the treatment of ALL due to their ability to induce cell death. The mechanisms of GC resistance of ALL cells are largely unknown and intense research is currently focused on this topic. Such resistance can involve different cellular and molecular mechanisms, including the modulation of signaling pathways involved in the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, epigenetic modifications and tumor suppressors. Recently, several studies point to the paradoxical role of GCs in many survival processes that may lead to therapy-induced resistance in ALL cells, which we called "paradoxical corticosensitivity". In this review, we aim to summarize all findings on cell survival pathways paradoxically activated by GCs with an emphasis on previous and current knowledge on gene expression and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Angot
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, IRIB, Inserm, U1234, 76183 Rouen, France
| | - Pascale Schneider
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, IRIB, Inserm, U1234, 76183 Rouen, France
- Department of Pediatric Immuno-Hemato-Oncology, Rouen University Hospital, 76038 Rouen, France
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4
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Jia Z, Gu Z. PAX5 alterations in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023606. [PMID: 36387144 PMCID: PMC9640836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX5, a master regulator of B cell development and maintenance, is one of the most common targets of genetic alterations in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). PAX5 alterations consist of copy number variations (whole gene, partial, or intragenic), translocations, and point mutations, with distinct distribution across B-ALL subtypes. The multifaceted functional impacts such as haploinsufficiency and gain-of-function of PAX5 depending on specific variants have been described, thereby the connection between the blockage of B cell development and the malignant transformation of normal B cells has been established. In this review, we provide the recent advances in understanding the function of PAX5 in orchestrating the development of both normal and malignant B cells over the past decade, with a focus on the PAX5 alterations shown as the initiating or driver events in B-ALL. Recent large-scale genomic analyses of B-ALL have identified multiple novel subtypes driven by PAX5 genetic lesions, such as the one defined by a distinct gene expression profile and PAX5 P80R mutation, which is an exemplar leukemia entity driven by a missense mutation. Although altered PAX5 is shared as a driver in B-ALL, disparate disease phenotypes and clinical outcomes among the patients indicate further heterogeneity of the underlying mechanisms and disturbed gene regulation networks along the disease development. In-depth mechanistic studies in human B-ALL and animal models have demonstrated high penetrance of PAX5 variants alone or concomitant with other genetic lesions in driving B-cell malignancy, indicating the altered PAX5 and deregulated genes may serve as potential therapeutic targets in certain B-ALL cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilian Jia
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Zhaohui Gu
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Gu,
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5
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Fazio G, Bresolin S, Silvestri D, Quadri M, Saitta C, Vendramini E, Buldini B, Palmi C, Bardini M, Grioni A, Rigamonti S, Galbiati M, Mecca S, Savino AM, Peloso A, Tu JW, Bhatia S, Borkhardt A, Micalizzi C, Lo Nigro L, Locatelli F, Conter V, Rizzari C, Valsecchi MG, te Kronnie G, Biondi A, Cazzaniga G. PAX5 fusion genes are frequent in poor risk childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and can be targeted with BIBF1120. EBioMedicine 2022; 83:104224. [PMID: 35985167 PMCID: PMC9403348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Findings Interpretation Funding
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6
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Elkamhawy A, Ali EMH, Lee K. New horizons in drug discovery of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) inhibitors: a decade review (2011-2021) focussing on structure-activity relationship (SAR) and docking insights. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1574-1602. [PMID: 34233563 PMCID: PMC8274522 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1937143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), a non-receptor Src family kinase, has a vital role in various cellular processes such as cell cycle control, cell adhesion, motility, proliferation, and differentiation. Lck is reported as a key factor regulating the functions of T-cell including the initiation of TCR signalling, T-cell development, in addition to T-cell homeostasis. Alteration in expression and activity of Lck results in numerous disorders such as cancer, asthma, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, and neuronal diseases. Accordingly, Lck has emerged as a novel target against different diseases. Herein, we amass the research efforts in literature and pharmaceutical patents during the last decade to develop new Lck inhibitors. Additionally, structure-activity relationship studies (SAR) and docking models of these new inhibitors within the active site of Lck were demonstrated offering deep insights into their different binding modes in a step towards the identification of more potent, selective, and safe Lck inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eslam M H Ali
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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7
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Liew K, Yu GQS, Wei Pua LJ, Wong LZ, Tham SY, Hii LW, Lim WM, OuYong BM, Looi CK, Mai CW, Fei-Lei Chung F, Tan LP, Ahmad M, Soo-Beng Khoo A, Leong CO. Parallel genome-wide RNAi screens identify lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) as a targetable vulnerability of cell proliferation and chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2021; 504:81-90. [PMID: 33587980 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent in advances in the management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), development of targeted therapy remains challenging particularly in patients with recurrent or metastatic disease. To search for clinically relevant targets for the treatment of NPC, we carried out parallel genome-wide functional screens to identified essential genes that are required for NPC cells proliferation and cisplatin resistance. We identified lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) as a key vulnerability of both proliferation and cisplatin resistance. Depletion of endogenous LCK or treatment of cells with LCK inhibitor induced tumor-specific cell death and synergized cisplatin sensitivity in EBV-positive C666-1 and EBV-negative SUNE1 cells. Further analyses demonstrated that LCK is regulating the proliferation and cisplatin resistance through activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). Taken together, our study provides a molecular basis for targeting LCK and STAT5 signaling as potential druggable targets for the management of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitson Liew
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gibson Qi Sheng Yu
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lesley Jia Wei Pua
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Li Zhe Wong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Ying Tham
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Brian Ming OuYong
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin King Looi
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA), Epigenetics Group (EGE), International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organization, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Lu Ping Tan
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Munirah Ahmad
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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8
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Recurrent genetic fusions redefine MLL germ line acute lymphoblastic leukemia in infants. Blood 2021; 137:1980-1984. [PMID: 33512459 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Bonaccorso P, Bugarin C, Buracchi C, Fazio G, Biondi A, Lo Nigro L, Gaipa G. Single‐cell profiling of pediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Impact of
PTEN
exon 7 mutation on
PI3K
/
Akt
and
JAK–STAT
signaling pathways. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2020; 98:491-503. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Bonaccorso
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
- Center of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Azienda Policlinico‐OVE, University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - Cristina Bugarin
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
| | - Chiara Buracchi
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
| | - Grazia Fazio
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
- Pediatric Clinic University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo Monza Italy
| | - Luca Lo Nigro
- Center of Pediatric Hematology Oncology Azienda Policlinico‐OVE, University of Catania Catania Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- M. Tettamanti Research Center University of Milano‐Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital Monza Italy
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10
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Beyond TCR Signaling: Emerging Functions of Lck in Cancer and Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143500. [PMID: 31315298 PMCID: PMC6679228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) has emerged as one of the key molecules regulating T-cell functions. Studies using Lck knock-out mice or Lck-deficient T-cell lines have shown that Lck regulates the initiation of TCR signaling, T-cell development, and T-cell homeostasis. Because of the crucial role of Lck in T-cell responses, strategies have been employed to redirect Lck activity to improve the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and to potentiate T-cell responses in cancer immunotherapy. In addition to the well-studied role of Lck in T cells, evidence has been accumulated suggesting that Lck is also expressed in the brain and in tumor cells, where it actively takes part in signaling processes regulating cellular functions like proliferation, survival and memory. Therefore, Lck has emerged as a novel druggable target molecule for the treatment of cancer and neuronal diseases. In this review, we will focus on these new functions of Lck.
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11
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Wan R, Wu J, Ouyang M, Lei L, Wei J, Peng Q, Harrison R, Wu Y, Cheng B, Li K, Zhu C, Tang L, Wang Y, Lu S. Biophysical basis underlying dynamic Lck activation visualized by ZapLck FRET biosensor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau2001. [PMID: 31223643 PMCID: PMC6584686 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Lck plays crucial roles in TCR signaling. We developed a new and sensitive FRET biosensor (ZapLck) to visualize Lck kinase activity with high spatiotemporal resolutions in live cells. ZapLck revealed that 62% of Lck signal was preactivated in T-cells. In Lck-deficient JCam T-cells, Lck preactivation was abolished, which can be restored to 51% by reconstitution with wild-type Lck (LckWT) but not a putatively inactive mutant LckY394F. LckWT also showed a stronger basal Lck-Lck interaction and a slower diffusion rate than LckY394F. Interestingly, aggregation of TCR receptors by antibodies in JCam cells led to a strong activation of reconstituted LckY394F similar to LckWT. Both activated LckY394F and LckWT diffused more slowly and displayed increased Lck-Lck interaction at a similar level. Therefore, these results suggest that a phosphorylatable Y394 is necessary for the basal-level interaction and preactivation of LckWT, while antibody-induced TCR aggregation can trigger the full activation of LckY394F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxue Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jenny Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mingxing Ouyang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jiaming Wei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Qin Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Reed Harrison
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yiqian Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Binbin Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kaitao Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shaoying Lu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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12
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Jones N, Vincent EE, Cronin JG, Panetti S, Chambers M, Holm SR, Owens SE, Francis NJ, Finlay DK, Thornton CA. Akt and STAT5 mediate naïve human CD4+ T-cell early metabolic response to TCR stimulation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2042. [PMID: 31053703 PMCID: PMC6499791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways that regulate T-cell function show promise as therapeutic targets in diverse diseases. Here, we show that at rest cultured human effector memory and central memory CD4+ T-cells have elevated levels of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in comparison to naïve T-cells. Despite having low resting metabolic rates, naive T-cells respond to TCR stimulation with robust and rapid increases in glycolysis and OXPHOS. This early metabolic switch requires Akt activity to support increased rates of glycolysis and STAT5 activity for amino acid biosynthesis and TCA cycle anaplerosis. Importantly, both STAT5 inhibition and disruption of TCA cycle anaplerosis are associated with reduced IL-2 production, demonstrating the functional importance of this early metabolic program. Our results define STAT5 as a key node in modulating the early metabolic program following activation in naive CD4+ T-cells and in turn provide greater understanding of how cellular metabolism shapes T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Silvia Panetti
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Megan Chambers
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Sean R Holm
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Sian E Owens
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Nigel J Francis
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - David K Finlay
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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13
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Glucocorticoid resistance is reverted by LCK inhibition in pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2017; 130:2750-2761. [PMID: 29101238 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-784603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patients often display resistance to glucocorticoid (GC) treatment. These patients, classified as prednisone poor responders (PPR), have poorer outcome than do the other pediatric T-ALL patients receiving a high-risk adapted therapy. Because glucocorticoids are administered to ALL patients during all the different phases of therapy, GC resistance represents an important challenge to improving the outcome for these patients. Mechanisms underlying resistance are not yet fully unraveled; thus our research focused on the identification of deregulated signaling pathways to point out new targeted approaches. We first identified, by reverse-phase protein arrays, the lymphocyte cell-specific protein-tyrosine kinase (LCK) as aberrantly activated in PPR patients. We showed that LCK inhibitors, such as dasatinib, bosutinib, nintedanib, and WH-4-023, are able to induce cell death in GC-resistant T-ALL cells, and remarkably, cotreatment with dexamethasone is able to reverse GC resistance, even at therapeutic drug concentrations. This was confirmed by specific LCK gene silencing and ex vivo combined treatment of cells from PPR patient-derived xenografts. Moreover, we observed that LCK hyperactivation in PPR patients upregulates the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells signaling triggering to interleukin-4 (IL-4) overexpression. GC-sensitive cells cultured with IL-4 display an increased resistance to dexamethasone, whereas the inhibition of IL-4 signaling could increase GC-induced apoptosis in resistant cells. Treatment with dexamethasone and dasatinib also impaired engraftment of leukemia cells in vivo. Our results suggest a quickly actionable approach to supporting conventional therapies and overcoming GC resistance in pediatric T-ALL patients.
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The Src family kinase LCK cooperates with oncogenic FLT3/ITD in cellular transformation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13734. [PMID: 29062038 PMCID: PMC5653865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase LCK belongs to the SRC family of kinases. SRC family kinases are proto-oncogenes that have long been known to play key roles in cell proliferation, motility, morphology and survival. Here we show that LCK regulates the function of the type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 in murine pro-B cells. We observed that expression of LCK significantly enhances the colony forming capacity of the constitutively active FLT3 mutant FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication). Furthermore, cells expressing LCK developed tumor earlier compared to cells transfected with empty control vector. Staining of the tissues from mouse xenografts showed higher Ki67 staining in cells expressing LCK suggesting that expression of LCK enhances the FLT3-ITD-mediated proliferative capacity. LCK expression did not affect either FLT3-WT or FLT3-ITD -induced AKT, ERK1/2 or p38 phosphorylation. However, LCK expression significantly enhanced FLT3-ITD-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation. Taken together, our data suggest that LCK cooperates with oncogenic FLT3-ITD in cellular transformation.
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15
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Smeenk L, Fischer M, Jurado S, Jaritz M, Azaryan A, Werner B, Roth M, Zuber J, Stanulla M, den Boer ML, Mullighan CG, Strehl S, Busslinger M. Molecular role of the PAX5-ETV6 oncoprotein in promoting B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. EMBO J 2017; 36:718-735. [PMID: 28219927 PMCID: PMC5350564 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX5 is a tumor suppressor in B-ALL, while the role of PAX5 fusion proteins in B-ALL development is largely unknown. Here, we studied the function of PAX5-ETV6 and PAX5-FOXP1 in mice expressing these proteins from the Pax5 locus. Both proteins arrested B-lymphopoiesis at the pro-B to pre-B-cell transition and, contrary to their proposed dominant-negative role, did not interfere with the expression of most regulated Pax5 target genes. Pax5-Etv6, but not Pax5-Foxp1, cooperated with loss of the Cdkna2a/b tumor suppressors in promoting B-ALL development. Regulated Pax5-Etv6 target genes identified in these B-ALLs encode proteins implicated in pre-B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and migration/adhesion, which could contribute to the proliferation, survival, and tissue infiltration of leukemic B cells. Together with similar observations made in human PAX5-ETV6+ B-ALLs, these data identified PAX5-ETV6 as a potent oncoprotein that drives B-cell leukemia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Smeenk
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Fischer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Jurado
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Jaritz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Azaryan
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Werner
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Mareike Roth
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Zuber
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Stanulla
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monique L den Boer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charles G Mullighan
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sabine Strehl
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung e.V., Vienna, Austria
| | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
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16
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Sahni H, Ross S, Barbarulo A, Solanki A, Lau CI, Furmanski A, Saldaña JI, Ono M, Hubank M, Barenco M, Crompton T. A genome wide transcriptional model of the complex response to pre-TCR signalling during thymocyte differentiation. Oncotarget 2016; 6:28646-60. [PMID: 26415229 PMCID: PMC4745683 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing thymocytes require pre-TCR signalling to differentiate from CD4-CD8- double negative to CD4+CD8+ double positive cell. Here we followed the transcriptional response to pre-TCR signalling in a synchronised population of differentiating double negative thymocytes. This time series analysis revealed a complex transcriptional response, in which thousands of genes were up and down-regulated before changes in cell surface phenotype were detected. Genome-wide measurement of RNA degradation of individual genes showed great heterogeneity in the rate of degradation between different genes. We therefore used time course expression and degradation data and a genome wide transcriptional modelling (GWTM) strategy to model the transcriptional response of genes up-regulated on pre-TCR signal transduction. This analysis revealed five major temporally distinct transcriptional activities that up regulate transcription through time, whereas down-regulation of expression occurred in three waves. Our model thus placed known regulators in a temporal perspective, and in addition identified novel candidate regulators of thymocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Sahni
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Susan Ross
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Anisha Solanki
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ching-In Lau
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Anna Furmanski
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | | | - Masahiro Ono
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mike Hubank
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Martino Barenco
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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