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Zhan W, Hu H, Hao B, Zhu H, Yan T, Zhang J, Wang S, Liu S, Zhang T. Development of machine learning-based malignant pericardial effusion-related model in breast cancer: Implications for clinical significance, tumor immune and drug-therapy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27507. [PMID: 38463870 PMCID: PMC10923851 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant pericardial effusion (MPE) is a common complication of advanced breast cancer (BRCA) and plays an important role in BRCA. This study is aims to construct a prognostic model based on MPE-related genes for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer. Methods The BRCA samples are analyzed based on the expression of MPE-related genes by using an unsupervised cluster analysis method. This study processes the data by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and multivariate Cox analysis, and uses machine learning algorithms to construct BRCA prognostic model and develop web tool. Results BRCA patients are classified into three clusters and a BRCA prognostic model is constructed containing 9 MPE-related genes. There are significant differences in signature pathways, immune infiltration, immunotherapy response and drug sensitivity testing between the high and low-risk groups. Of note, a web-based tool (http://wys.helyly.top/cox.html) is developed to predict overall survival as well as drug-therapy response of BRCA patients quickly and conveniently, which can provide a basis for clinicians to formulate individualized treatment plans. Conclusion The MPE-related prognostic model developed in this study can be used as an effective tool for predicting the prognosis of BRCA and provides new insights for the diagnosis and treatment of BRCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Haihong Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jingdi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Saiyang Liu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Taolan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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2
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Alanazi J, Bender O, Dogan R, Malik JA, Atalay A, Ali TFS, Beshr EAM, Shawky AM, Aly OM, Alqahtani YNH, Anwar S. Combination of an Oxindole Derivative with (-)-β-Elemene Alters Cell Death Pathways in FLT3/ITD + Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:5253. [PMID: 37446914 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the cancers that grow most aggressively. The challenges in AML management are huge, despite many treatment options. Mutations in FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptors make the currently available therapies less responsive. Therefore, there is a need to find new lead molecules that can specifically target mutated FLT3 to block growth factor signaling and inhibit AML cell proliferation. Our previous studies on FLT3-mutated AML cells demonstrated that β-elemene and compound 5a showed strong inhibition of proliferation by blocking the mutated FLT3 receptor and altering the key apoptotic genes responsible for apoptosis. Furthermore, we hypothesized that both β-elemene and compound 5a could be therapeutically effective. Therefore, combining these drugs against mutated FLT3 cells could be promising. In this context, dose-matrix combination-based cellular inhibition analyses, cell morphology studies and profiling of 43 different apoptotic protein targets via combinatorial treatment were performed. Our studies provide strong evidence for the hypothesis that β-elemene and compound 5a combination considerably increased the therapeutic potential of both compounds by enhancing the activation of several key targets implicated in AML cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jowaher Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Onur Bender
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, Turkey
| | - Rumeysa Dogan
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, Turkey
| | - Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, India
| | - Arzu Atalay
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, Turkey
| | - Taha F S Ali
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Eman A M Beshr
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Shawky
- Science and Technology Unit (STU), Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar M Aly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt
| | | | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Nagao T, Yoshifuji K, Sadato D, Motomura Y, Saito M, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto K, Nogami A. Establishment and characterization of a new activated B-cell-like DLBCL cell line, TMD12. Exp Hematol 2022; 116:37-49. [PMID: 36191884 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the establishment of a novel activated B-cell-like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell line, designated as TMD12, from a patient with highly refractory DLBCL. ABC-DLBCL is a subtype with a relatively unfavorable prognosis that was originally categorized using gene expression profiling according to its cell of origin. TMD12 cells were isolated from the pleural effusion of the patient at relapse and passaged continuously in vitro for >4 years. The cells displayed cluster of differentiation (CD)19, CD20, CD22, CD38, human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype, and κ positivity and CD5, CD10, CD23, and λ negativity, as detected using flow cytometric analysis. The chromosomal karyotypic analysis, including the spectral karyotyping method, confirmed t(1;19)(q21:q13.1), del(6q23), gain of chromosome 18, and other abnormalities. Mutation analyses, including whole-exome sequencing, revealed that TMD12 cells harbored mutations in MYD88 and CD79B, indicating an ABC subtype. TMD12 cells exhibited chronic active B-cell receptor signaling and constitutive activation of the nuclear factor κB pathway, which is typically associated with sensitivity to a specific Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, ibrutinib. Intriguingly, TMD12 cells displayed moderate resistance to ibrutinib and lacked activation of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling, another hallmark of this DLBCL subtype. Treatment with an inhibitor against tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), a multifunctional intracellular kinase that is activated particularly downstream of Toll-like receptors or MYD88 and IκB kinase α/β (IKKα/β), suppressed the proliferation of TMD12 cells, implying the possible involvement of the TPL2-p105 pathway in the tumorigenesis of ABC-DLBCL. Because only a limited number of ABC-DLBCL cell lines are currently available, TMD12 cells might provide a useful tool in the search for novel druggable targets for this intractable lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikage Nagao
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kota Yoshifuji
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Sadato
- Clinical Research Support Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Center and Infection Disease Center, Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yotaro Motomura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makiko Saito
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kurara Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Brown JS. Treatment of cancer with antipsychotic medications: Pushing the boundaries of schizophrenia and cancer. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104809. [PMID: 35970416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Over a century ago, the phenothiazine dye, methylene blue, was discovered to have both antipsychotic and anti-cancer effects. In the 20th-century, the first phenothiazine antipsychotic, chlorpromazine, was found to inhibit cancer. During the years of elucidating the pharmacology of the phenothiazines, reserpine, an antipsychotic with a long historical background, was likewise discovered to have anti-cancer properties. Research on the effects of antipsychotics on cancer continued slowly until the 21st century when efforts to repurpose antipsychotics for cancer treatment accelerated. This review examines the history of these developments, and identifies which antipsychotics might treat cancer, and which cancers might be treated by antipsychotics. The review also describes the molecular mechanisms through which antipsychotics may inhibit cancer. Although the overlap of molecular pathways between schizophrenia and cancer have been known or suspected for many years, no comprehensive review of the subject has appeared in the psychiatric literature to assess the significance of these similarities. This review fills that gap and discusses what, if any, significance the similarities have regarding the etiology of schizophrenia.
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5
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Bruno S, Bandini L, Patuelli A, Robustelli V, Venturi C, Mancini M, Forte D, De Santis S, Monaldi C, Grassi A, Chiurumbolo G, Paolini S, Cristiano G, Papayannidis C, Sartor C, Nanni J, Ottaviani E, Curti A, Cavo M, Soverini S. Case Report: A Novel Activating FLT3 Mutation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:728613. [PMID: 34660293 PMCID: PMC8514815 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.728613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is among the most common driver genes recurrently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), accounting for approximately 30% of cases. Activating mutations of the FLT3 receptor include internal tandem duplications (ITD) that map to the auto-inhibitory juxtamembrane (JM) domain or point mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD). Several FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been developed in the last few years, but midostaurin is currently the only one approved for the treatment of newly diagnosed patients harboring FLT3 mutations. Here we describe for the first time a novel in-frame deletion in exon 14 (JM domain) of the FLT3 gene, that we identified in a young woman with CBFb-MYH11-positive AML. We demonstrated that this novel FLT3 variant is pathogenic, since it is responsible for constitutive activation of FLT3 receptor. Finally, ex-vivo studies demonstrated that this novel mutation is sensitive to midostaurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenza Bandini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnese Patuelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Robustelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Venturi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Mancini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Dorian Forte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara De Santis
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Monaldi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Grassi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriella Chiurumbolo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cristiano
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Papayannidis
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Sartor
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Nanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ottaviani
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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6
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Allegra A, Sant'Antonio E, Musolino C, Ettari R. New insights into neuropeptides regulation of immune system and hemopoiesis: effects on hematologic malignancies. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2412-2437. [PMID: 34521320 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210914120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several neurotransmitters and neuropeptides were reported to join to or to cooperate with different cells of the immune system, bone marrow, and peripheral cells and numerous data support that neuroactive molecules might control immune system activity and hemopoiesis operating on lymphoid organs, and the primary hematopoietic unit, the hematopoietic niche. Furthermore, many compounds seem to be able to take part to the leukemogenesis and lymphomagenesis process, and in the onset of multiple myeloma. In this review, we will assess the possibility that neurotransmitters and neuropeptides may have a role in the onset of haematological neoplasms, may affect the response to treatment or may represent a useful starting point for a new therapeutic approach. More in vivo investigations are needed to evaluate neuropeptide's role in haematological malignancies and the possible utilization as an antitumor therapeutic target. Comprehending the effect of the pharmacological administration of neuropeptide modulators on hematologic malignancies opens up new possibilities in curing clonal hematologic diseases to achieve more satisfactory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina. Italy
| | | | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina. Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina. Italy
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7
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Pimozide and Imipramine Blue Exploit Mitochondrial Vulnerabilities and Reactive Oxygen Species to Cooperatively Target High Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060956. [PMID: 34203664 PMCID: PMC8232307 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a high relapse rate. Cytokine receptor targeted therapies are therapeutically attractive but are subject to resistance-conferring mutations. Likewise, targeting downstream signaling pathways has been difficult. Recent success in the development of synergistic combinations has provided new hope for refractory AML patients. While generally not efficacious as monotherapy, BH3 mimetics are very effective in combination with chemotherapy agents. With this in mind, we further explored novel BH3 mimetic drug combinations and showed that pimozide cooperates with mTOR inhibitors and BH3 mimetics in AML cells. The three-drug combination was able to reach cells that were not as responsive to single or double drug combinations. In Flt3-internal tandem duplication (ITD)-positive cells, we previously showed pimozide to be highly effective when combined with imipramine blue (IB). Here, we show that Flt3-ITD+ cells are sensitive to an IB-induced dynamin 1-like (Drp1)-p38-ROS pathway. Pimozide contributes important calcium channel blocker activity converging with IB on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. Overall, these data support the concept that antioxidants are a double-edged sword. Rationally designed combination therapies have significant promise for further pre-clinical development and may ultimately lead to improved responses.
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8
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CD52 is a novel target for the treatment of FLT3-ITD-mutated myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:121. [PMID: 34035227 PMCID: PMC8149417 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication (ITD) of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) confers poor prognosis and is found in approximately 25% of cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although FLT3 inhibitors have shown clinical benefit in patients with AML harboring FLT3-ITD, the therapeutic effect is limited. Here, to explore alternative therapeutics, we established a cellular model of monoallelic FLT3ITD/WT cells using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in a human myeloid leukemia cell line, K562. cDNA microarray analysis revealed elevated CD52 expression in K562–FLT3ITD/WT cells compared to K562–FLT3WT/WT cells, an observation that was further confirmed by quantitative real-time-PCR and flow cytometric analyses. The elevated expression of CD52 in K562–FLT3ITD/WT cells was decreased in wild-type FLT3 (FLT3-WT) knock-in K562–FLT3ITD/WT cells. In K562–FLT3ITD/WT cells, a STAT5 inhibitor, pimozide, downregulated CD52 protein expression while an AKT inhibitor, afuresertib, did not affect CD52 expression. Notably, an anti-CD52 antibody, alemtuzumab, induced significant antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in K562-FLT3ITD/WT cells compared to K562–FLT3WT/WT cells. Furthermore, alemtuzumab significantly suppressed the xenograft tumor growth of K562–FLT3ITD/WT cells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Taken together, our data suggested that genetically modified FLT3-ITD knock-in human myeloid leukemia K562 cells upregulated CD52 expression via activation of STAT5, and alemtuzumab showed an antitumor effect via induction of ADCC in K562–FLT3ITD/WT cells. Our findings may allow establishment of a new therapeutic option, alemtuzumab, to treat leukemia with the FLT3-ITD mutation.
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9
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Scarpa M, Singh P, Bailey CM, Lee JK, Kapoor S, Lapidus RG, Niyongere S, Sangodkar J, Wang Y, Perrotti D, Narla G, Baer MR. PP2A-activating Drugs Enhance FLT3 Inhibitor Efficacy through AKT Inhibition-Dependent GSK-3β-Mediated c-Myc and Pim-1 Proteasomal Degradation. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:676-690. [PMID: 33568357 PMCID: PMC8027945 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine-like kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is present in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in 30% of patients and is associated with short disease-free survival. FLT3 inhibitor efficacy is limited and transient but may be enhanced by multitargeting of FLT3-ITD signaling pathways. FLT3-ITD drives both STAT5-dependent transcription of oncogenic Pim-1 kinase and inactivation of the tumor-suppressor protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), and FLT3-ITD, Pim-1, and PP2A all regulate the c-Myc oncogene. We studied mechanisms of action of cotreatment of FLT3-ITD-expressing cells with FLT3 inhibitors and PP2A-activating drugs (PADs), which are in development. PADs, including FTY720 and DT-061, enhanced FLT3 inhibitor growth suppression and apoptosis induction in FLT3-ITD-expressing cell lines and primary AML cells in vitro and MV4-11 growth suppression in vivo PAD and FLT3 inhibitor cotreatment independently downregulated c-Myc and Pim-1 protein through enhanced proteasomal degradation. c-Myc and Pim-1 downregulation was preceded by AKT inactivation, did not occur in cells expressing myristoylated (constitutively active) AKT1, and could be induced by AKT inhibition. AKT inactivation resulted in activation of GSK-3β, and GSK-3β inhibition blocked downregulation of both c-Myc and Pim-1 by PAD and FLT3 inhibitor cotreatment. GSK-3β activation increased c-Myc proteasomal degradation through c-Myc phosphorylation on T58; infection with c-Myc with T58A substitution, preventing phosphorylation, blocked downregulation of c-Myc by PAD and FLT3 inhibitor cotreatment. GSK-3β also phosphorylated Pim-1L/Pim-1S on S95/S4. Thus, PADs enhance efficacy of FLT3 inhibitors in FLT3-ITD-expressing cells through a novel mechanism involving AKT inhibition-dependent GSK-3β-mediated increased c-Myc and Pim-1 proteasomal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Scarpa
- The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine
| | - Prerna Singh
- The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Christopher M Bailey
- Department of Surgery and
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonelle K Lee
- The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Shivani Kapoor
- The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine
| | - Sandrine Niyongere
- The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine
| | - Jaya Sangodkar
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yin Wang
- The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Surgery and
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Danilo Perrotti
- The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center
- Department of Medicine
| | - Goutham Narla
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maria R Baer
- The University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center,
- Department of Medicine
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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10
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Zhang S, Wang M, Li Q, Zhu P. MiR-101 reduces cell proliferation and invasion and enhances apoptosis in endometrial cancer via regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Cancer Biomark 2021; 21:179-186. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted, and the online PDF replaced with this retraction notice.
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11
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Long Y, Yu M, Ochnik AM, Karanjia JD, Basnet SK, Kebede AA, Kou L, Wang S. Discovery of novel 4-azaaryl-N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine derivatives as potent and selective FLT3 inhibitors for acute myeloid leukaemia with FLT3 mutations. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113215. [PMID: 33516985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Feline McDonough sarcoma (FMS)-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is one of the most pursued targets in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) as its gene amplification and mutations, particularly internal tandem duplication (ITD), contribute to the pathogenesis of AML and the resistance to known FLT3 inhibitors. To conquer this challenge, there is a quest for structurally novel FLT3 inhibitors. Herein, we report the discovery of a new series of 4-azaaryl-N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amine derivatives as potent and selective FLT3 inhibitors. Compounds 12b and 12r were capable of suppressing a wide range of mutated FLT3 kinases including ITD and D835Y mutants; the latter isoform is closely associated with acquired drug resistance. In addition, both compounds displayed an anti-proliferative specificity for FLT3-ITD-harbouring cell lines (i.e., MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cells) over those with expression of the wild-type kinase or even without FLT3 expression. In mechanistic studies using MV4-11 cells, 12b was found to diminish the phosphorylation of key downstream effectors of FLT3 and induce apoptosis, supporting an FLT3-ITD-targeted mechanism of its anti-proliferative action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Long
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Mingfeng Yu
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Aleksandra M Ochnik
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Jasmine D Karanjia
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Sunita Kc Basnet
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Alemwork A Kebede
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Lianmeng Kou
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Drug Discovery and Development, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
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12
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Bjelosevic S, Gruber E, Newbold A, Shembrey C, Devlin JR, Hogg SJ, Kats L, Todorovski I, Fan Z, Abrehart TC, Pomilio G, Wei A, Gregory GP, Vervoort SJ, Brown KK, Johnstone RW. Serine Biosynthesis Is a Metabolic Vulnerability in FLT3-ITD-Driven Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1582-1599. [PMID: 33436370 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 gene (FLT3-ITD) occurs in 30% of all acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Limited clinical efficacy of FLT3 inhibitors highlights the need for alternative therapeutic modalities in this subset of disease. Using human and murine models of FLT3-ITD-driven AML, we demonstrate that FLT3-ITD promotes serine synthesis and uptake via ATF4-dependent transcriptional regulation of genes in the de novo serine biosynthesis pathway and neutral amino acid transport. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of PHGDH, the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo serine biosynthesis, selectively inhibited proliferation of FLT3-ITD AMLs in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, pharmacologic inhibition of PHGDH sensitized FLT3-ITD AMLs to the standard-of-care chemotherapeutic cytarabine. Collectively, these data reveal novel insights into FLT3-ITD-induced metabolic reprogramming and reveal a targetable vulnerability in FLT3-ITD AML. SIGNIFICANCE: FLT3-ITD mutations are common in AML and are associated with poor prognosis. We show that FLT3-ITD stimulates serine biosynthesis, thereby rendering FLT3-ITD-driven leukemias dependent upon serine for proliferation and survival. This metabolic dependency can be exploited pharmacologically to sensitize FLT3-ITD-driven AMLs to chemotherapy.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1307.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Bjelosevic
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily Gruber
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Newbold
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carolyn Shembrey
- Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Devlin
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Simon J Hogg
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lev Kats
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Izabela Todorovski
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zheng Fan
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas C Abrehart
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Giovanna Pomilio
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Wei
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gareth P Gregory
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Stephin J Vervoort
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristin K Brown
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. .,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ricky W Johnstone
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. .,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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13
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Marensi V, Keeshan KR, MacEwan DJ. Pharmacological impact of FLT3 mutations on receptor activity and responsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114348. [PMID: 33242449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer characterized by the rapid proliferation of immature myeloid blast cells, resulting in a high mortality rate. The 5-year overall survival rate for AML patients is approximately 25%. Circa 35% of all patients carry a mutation in the FLT3 gene which have a poor prognosis. Targeting FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase has become a treatment strategy in AML patients possessing FLT3 mutations. The most common mutations are internal tandem duplications (ITD) within exon 14 and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that leads to a point mutation in the D835 of the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD). Variations in the ITD sequence and the occurrence of other point mutations that lead to ligand-independent FLT3 receptor activation create difficulties in developing personalized therapeutic strategies to overcome observed mutation-driven drug resistance. Midostaurin and quizartinib are tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with inhibitory efficacy against FLT3-ITD, but exhibit limited clinical impact. In this review, we focus on the structural aspects of the FLT3 receptor and correlate those mutations with receptor activation and the consequences for molecular and clinical responsiveness towards therapies targeting FLT3-ITD positive AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Marensi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Karen R Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - David J MacEwan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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14
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Darici S, Alkhaldi H, Horne G, Jørgensen HG, Marmiroli S, Huang X. Targeting PI3K/Akt/mTOR in AML: Rationale and Clinical Evidence. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092934. [PMID: 32932888 PMCID: PMC7563273 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy characterized by excessive proliferation and accumulation of immature myeloid blasts in the bone marrow. AML has a very poor 5-year survival rate of just 16% in the UK; hence, more efficacious, tolerable, and targeted therapy is required. Persistent leukemia stem cell (LSC) populations underlie patient relapse and development of resistance to therapy. Identification of critical oncogenic signaling pathways in AML LSC may provide new avenues for novel therapeutic strategies. The phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, is often hyperactivated in AML, required to sustain the oncogenic potential of LSCs. Growing evidence suggests that targeting key components of this pathway may represent an effective treatment to kill AML LSCs. Despite this, accruing significant body of scientific knowledge, PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors have not translated into clinical practice. In this article, we review the laboratory-based evidence of the critical role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in AML, and outcomes from current clinical studies using PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors. Based on these results, we discuss the putative mechanisms of resistance to PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition, offering rationale for potential candidate combination therapies incorporating PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors for precision medicine in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salihanur Darici
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (X.H.); Tel.: +44-0141-301-7883 (S.D.); +44-0141-301-7884 (X.H.)
| | - Hazem Alkhaldi
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
| | - Gillian Horne
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
| | - Heather G. Jørgensen
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Xu Huang
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O’Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 0ZD, UK; (H.A.); (G.H.); (H.G.J.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.); (X.H.); Tel.: +44-0141-301-7883 (S.D.); +44-0141-301-7884 (X.H.)
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15
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Involvement of STAT5 in Oncogenesis. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090316. [PMID: 32872372 PMCID: PMC7555335 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins, and in particular STAT3, have been established as heavily implicated in cancer. Recently, the involvement of STAT5 signalling in the pathology of cancer has been shown to be of increasing importance. STAT5 plays a crucial role in the development of the mammary gland and the homeostasis of the immune system. However, in various cancers, aberrant STAT5 signalling promotes the expression of target genes, such as cyclin D, Bcl-2 and MMP-2, that result in increased cell proliferation, survival and metastasis. To target constitutive STAT5 signalling in cancers, there are several STAT5 inhibitors that can prevent STAT5 phosphorylation, dimerisation, or its transcriptional activity. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that target molecules upstream of STAT5 could also be utilised. Consequently, since STAT5 contributes to tumour aggressiveness and cancer progression, inhibiting STAT5 constitutive activation in cancers that rely on its signalling makes for a promising targeted treatment option.
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16
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Wang X, Mak PY, Mu H, Tao W, Rao A, Visweswaran R, Ruvolo V, Pachter JA, Weaver DT, Andreeff M, Xu B, Carter BZ. Combinatorial Inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase and BCL-2 Enhances Antileukemia Activity of Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1636-1648. [PMID: 32404407 PMCID: PMC7416436 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) promotes cancer cell growth and metastasis. We previously reported that FAK inhibition by the selective inhibitor VS-4718 exerted antileukemia activities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mechanisms involved, and whether VS-4718 potentiates efficacy of other therapeutic agents, have not been investigated. Resistance to apoptosis inducted by the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 (venetoclax) in AML is mediated by preexisting and ABT-199-induced overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-XL. We observed that VS-4718 or silencing FAK with siRNA decreased MCL-1 and BCL-XL levels. Importantly, VS-4718 antagonized ABT-199-induced MCL-1 and BCL-XL. VS-4718 markedly synergized with ABT-199 to induce apoptosis in AML cells, including primary AML CD34+ cells and AML cells overexpressing MCL-1 or BCL-XL. In a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model derived from a patient sample with NPM1/FLT3-ITD/TET2/DNMT3A/WT1 mutations and complex karyotype, VS-4718 statistically significantly reduced leukemia tissue infiltration and extended survival (72 vs. control 36 days, P = 0.0002), and only its combination with ABT-199 effectively decreased systemic leukemia tissue infiltration and circulating blasts, and prolonged survival (65.5 vs. control 36 days, P = 0.0119). Furthermore, the combination decreased NFκB signaling and induced the expression of IFN genes in vivo The combination also markedly extended survival of a second PDX model developed from an aggressive, TP53-mutated complex karyotype AML sample. The data suggest that the combined inhibition of FAK and BCL-2 enhances antileukemia activity in AML at least in part by suppressing MCL-1 and BCL-XL and that this combination may be effective in AML with TP53 and other mutations, and thus benefit patients with high-risk AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Nucleophosmin
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmeng Wang
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Po Yee Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hong Mu
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Arvind Rao
- The Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ravikumar Visweswaran
- The Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vivian Ruvolo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China.
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P.R. China
| | - Bing Z Carter
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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17
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Long L, Assaraf YG, Lei ZN, Peng H, Yang L, Chen ZS, Ren S. Genetic biomarkers of drug resistance: A compass of prognosis and targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100703. [PMID: 32599434 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematological malignancy with complex heterogenous genetic and biological nature. Thus, prognostic prediction and targeted therapies might contribute to better chemotherapeutic response. However, the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) markedly impedes chemotherapeutic efficacy and dictates poor prognosis. Therefore, prior evaluation of chemoresistance is of great importance in therapeutic decision making and prognosis. In recent years, preclinical studies on chemoresistance have unveiled a compendium of underlying molecular basis, which facilitated the development of targetable small molecules. Furthermore, routing genomic sequencing has identified various genomic aberrations driving cellular response during the course of therapeutic treatment through adaptive mechanisms of drug resistance, some of which serve as prognostic biomarkers in risk stratification. However, the underlying mechanisms of MDR have challenged the certainty of the prognostic significance of some mutations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of MDR in therapeutic decision making and prognostic prediction in AML. We present an updated genetic landscape of the predominant mechanisms of drug resistance with novel targeted therapies and potential prognostic biomarkers from preclinical and clinical chemoresistance studies in AML. We particularly highlight the unfolded protein response (UPR) that has emerged as a critical regulatory pathway in chemoresistance of AML with promising therapeutic horizon. Futhermore, we outline the most prevalent mutations associated with mechanisms of chemoresistance and delineate the future directions to improve the current prognostic tools. The molecular analysis of chemoresistance integrated with genetic profiling will facilitate decision making towards personalized prognostic prediction and enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Prognosis
- Unfolded Protein Response/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Long
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Simei Ren
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.
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18
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Li T, Zhang G, Wang L, Li S, Xu X, Gao Y. Defects in mTORC1 Network and mTORC1-STAT3 Pathway Crosstalk Contributes to Non-inflammatory Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:225. [PMID: 32363190 PMCID: PMC7182440 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is frequently hyperactivated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cases of HCC without inflammation and cirrhosis are not rarely seen in clinics. However, the molecular basis of non-inflammatory HCC remains unclear. Methods Spontaneous non-inflammatory HCC in mice was triggered by constitutive elevation of mTORC1 by liver-specific TSC1 knockout (LTsc1KO). A multi-omics approach was utilized on tumor tissues to better understand the molecular basis for the development of HCC in the LTsc1KO model. Results We showed that LTsc1KO in mice triggered spontaneous non-inflammatory HCC, with molecular characteristics similar to those of diethylnitrosamine-mediated non-cirrhotic HCC. Mitochondrial and autophagy defects, as well as hepatic metabolic disorder were manifested in HCC development by LTsc1KO. mTORC1 activation on its own regulated an oncogenic network (DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4, nuclear protein 1, and fibroblast growth factor 21), and mTORC1-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway crosstalk that altered specific metabolic pathways contributed to the development of non-inflammatory HCC. Conclusion Our findings reveal the mechanisms of mTORC1-driven non-inflammatory HCC and provide insight into further development of a protective strategy against non-inflammatory HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Susu Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Artificial Organs and Tissue Engineering Centre of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Improving the sensitivity and selectivity of a DNA probe using graphene oxide-protected and T7 exonuclease-assisted signal amplification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:3029-3035. [PMID: 32206848 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The accurate analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms is of great significance for clinical detection and diagnosis. Based on the hybridization hindrance caused by graphene oxide (GO) and hairpin probe, we report a T7 Exo-assisted cyclic amplification technique to distinguish single-base mismatch for highly sensitive and selective detection of mutant-type DNA. When the mutant-type target is completely complementary to the probe, the T7 Exo hydrolyzes the probe and releases the fluorescent molecule from the GO surface, resulting in a fluorescence signal. Conversely, when the wild-type mismatch target is present, the weak hybridization prevents the release of FAM-labeled probe from the GO surface. Therefore, the FAM-labeled probe cannot be degraded efficiently by T7 Exo, and the fluorescence is still quenched by GO. The detection limit of the proposed method can be as low as 34 fM due to the cyclic signal amplification. The experimental results showed that the established method could be used to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms accurately and sensitively at low cost.
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20
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Akiyama H, Umezawa Y, Watanabe D, Okada K, Ishida S, Nogami A, Miura O. Inhibition of USP9X Downregulates JAK2-V617F and Induces Apoptosis Synergistically with BH3 Mimetics Preferentially in Ruxolitinib-Persistent JAK2-V617F-Positive Leukemic Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020406. [PMID: 32050632 PMCID: PMC7072561 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
JAK2-V617F plays a key role in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasm. However, its inhibitor ruxolitinib has shown limited clinical efficacies because of the ruxolitinib-persistent proliferation of JAK2-V617F-positive cells. We here demonstrate that the USP9X inhibitor WP1130 or EOAI3402143 (G9) inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis more efficiently in cells dependent on JAK2-V617F than on cytokine-activated JAK2. WP1130 preferentially downregulated activated and autophosphorylated JAK2-V617F by enhancing its K63-linked polyubiquitination and inducing its aggresomal translocation to block downstream signaling. Furthermore, JAK2-V617F associated physically with USP9X in leukemic HEL cells. Induction of apoptosis by inhibition of USP9X was mediated through the intrinsic mitochondria-mediated pathway, synergistically enhanced by BH3 mimetics, prevented by overexpression of Bcl-xL, and required oxidative stress to activate stress-related MAP kinases p38 and JNK as well as DNA damage responses in HEL cells. Although autophosphorylated JAK2-V617F was resistant to WP1130 in the ruxolitinib-persistent HEL-R cells, these cells expressed Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL at lower levels and showed an increased sensitivity to WP1130 as well as BH3 mimetics as compared with ruxolitinib-naive HEL cells. Thus, USP9X represents a promising target along with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members for novel therapeutic strategies against JAK2-V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms, particularly under the ruxolitinib persistence conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Yoshihiro Umezawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Daisuke Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Keigo Okada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Shinya Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
| | - Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (H.A.); (Y.U.); (D.W.); (K.O.); (S.I.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Watanabe D, Nogami A, Okada K, Akiyama H, Umezawa Y, Miura O. FLT3-ITD Activates RSK1 to Enhance Proliferation and Survival of AML Cells by Activating mTORC1 and eIF4B Cooperatively with PIM or PI3K and by Inhibiting Bad and BIM. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121827. [PMID: 31756944 PMCID: PMC6966435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
FLT3-ITD is the most frequent tyrosine kinase mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) associated with poor prognosis. We previously found that FLT3-ITD activates the mTORC1/S6K/4EBP1 pathway cooperatively through the STAT5/PIM and PI3K/AKT pathways to promote proliferation and survival by enhancing the eIF4F complex formation required for cap-dependent translation. Here, we show that, in contrast to BCR/ABL causing Ph-positive leukemias, FLT3-ITD distinctively activates the serine/threonine kinases RSK1/2 through activation of the MEK/ERK pathway and PDK1 to transduce signals required for FLT3-ITD-dependent, but not BCR/ABL-dependent, proliferation and survival of various cells, including MV4-11. Activation of the MEK/ERK pathway by FLT3-ITD and its negative feedback regulation by RSK were mediated by Gab2/SHP2 interaction. RSK1 phosphorylated S6RP on S235/S236, TSC2 on S1798, and eIF4B on S422 and, in cooperation with PIM, on S406, thus activating the mTORC1/S6K/4EBP1 pathway and eIF4B cooperatively with PIM. RSK1 also phosphorylated Bad on S75 and downregulated BIM-EL in cooperation with ERK. Furthermore, inhibition of RSK1 increased sensitivities to BH3 mimetics inhibiting Mcl-1 or Bcl-2 and induced activation of Bax, leading to apoptosis, as well as inhibition of proliferation synergistically with inhibition of PIM or PI3K. Thus, RSK1 represents a promising target, particularly in combination with PIM or PI3K, as well as anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members, for novel therapeutic strategies against therapy-resistant FLT3-ITD-positive AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (D.W.); (A.N.); (K.O.); (H.A.); (Y.U.)
| | - Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (D.W.); (A.N.); (K.O.); (H.A.); (Y.U.)
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Keigo Okada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (D.W.); (A.N.); (K.O.); (H.A.); (Y.U.)
| | - Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (D.W.); (A.N.); (K.O.); (H.A.); (Y.U.)
| | - Yoshihiro Umezawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (D.W.); (A.N.); (K.O.); (H.A.); (Y.U.)
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan; (D.W.); (A.N.); (K.O.); (H.A.); (Y.U.)
- Correspondence:
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Shaw V, Srivastava S, Srivastava SK. Repurposing antipsychotics of the diphenylbutylpiperidine class for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 68:75-83. [PMID: 31618686 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of high throughput compound screening has allowed drug repurposing to emerge as an effective avenue for discovering novel treatments for cancer. FDA-approved antipsychotic drugs fluspirilene, penfluridol, and pimozide are clinically used for the treatment of psychotic disorders, primarily schizophrenia. These compounds, belong to diphenylbutylpiperidine class of antipsychotic drugs, are the potent inhibitors of dopamine D2 receptor and calcium channel. A correlation has been found that patients treated for schizophrenia have lower incidences of certain types of cancer, such as respiratory, prostate, and bladder cancers. These compounds have also been shown to inhibit cancer proliferation in a variety of cancer cells, including melanoma, lung carcinoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioma, and prostate cancer, among others. Antipsychotic drugs induce apoptosis and suppress metastasis in in vitro and in vivo models through mechanisms involving p53, STAT3, STAT5, protein phosphatase 2A, cholesterol homeostasis, integrins, autophagy, USP1, wnt/β-catenin signaling, and DNA repair. Additionally, pre-clinical evidence suggests that penfluridol and pimozide act synergistically with existing chemotherapeutic agents, such as dasatinib, temozolomide, and cisplatin. Some studies have also reported that the cytotoxic activity of the antipsychotics is selective for dividing cells. Based on this growing body of evidence and the availability and previous FDA-approval of the drugs, the compounds appear to be promising anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Shaw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Suyash Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA
| | - Sanjay K Srivastava
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, 79106, USA; Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, and Center for Tumor Immunology and Targeted Cancer Therapy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, 79601, USA.
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Orlova A, Neubauer HA, Moriggl R. The stromal microenvironment provides an escape route from FLT3 inhibitors through the GAS6-AXL-STAT5 axis. Haematologica 2019; 104:1907-1909. [PMID: 31575669 PMCID: PMC6886418 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.225862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Heidi A. Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine
- Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lei Y, Wang QL, Shen L, Tao YY, Liu CH. MicroRNA-101 suppresses liver fibrosis by downregulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019; 43:575-584. [PMID: 30857885 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-101 (miR-101) is markedly downregulated in both hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of miR-101 on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS HSC LX-2 was treated with TGF-β1 and with or without miR-101 mimics. LX-2 vitality and proliferation, the expression of F-actin and mRNAs for α-SMA, collagen 1α1 (Col 1α1), and connective tissue growth factor 2 (CCN2) were measured. A 6-week intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce experimental liver fibrosis in mice, which were treated using a miR-101 negative control or miR-101 agomir from the fourth week until the end of the experiment. Liver function, hepatic hydroxyproline, liver histopathology, collagen deposition, α-SMA, type I collagen (Col I) and the protein-expressions of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR were measured. RESULTS MiR-101 significantly suppressed the increased LX-2 vitality and high accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) induced by TGF-β1. Exposure to CCl4 led to the impairment of liver function and disruption of normal hepatic parenchyma in mice, as well as obvious liver fibrosis indicated by elevated levels of hydroxyproline, α-SMA, and Col 1α1 in liver tissues. MiR-101 administration significantly improved liver function, relieved hepatic parenchyma damage, and reversed liver fibrosis by decreasing the accumulation of ECM components. Furthermore, miR-101 substantially downregulated the CCl4-increased p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR in mouse liver. CONCLUSIONS MiR-101 has antifibrotic effects in experimental liver fibrosis, and downregulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway may be one of its antifibrotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lei
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China
| | - Qing-Lan Wang
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Li Shen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yan-Yan Tao
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Cheng-Hai Liu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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Akiyama H, Umezawa Y, Ishida S, Okada K, Nogami A, Miura O. Inhibition of USP9X induces apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-positive AML cells cooperatively by inhibiting the mutant kinase through aggresomal translocation and inducing oxidative stress. Cancer Lett 2019; 453:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Homoharringtonine Combined with the Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor IPI504 in the Treatment of FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Transl Oncol 2019; 12:801-809. [PMID: 30953928 PMCID: PMC6449739 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a heterogeneous group of clonal disorders, acute myeloid leukemia with internal tandem duplication of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-ITD) mutation usually shows an inferior prognosis. In the present study, we found that homoharringtonine (HHT), a protein translation inhibitor of plant alkaloid in China, exhibited potent cytotoxic effect against FLT3-ITD (+) cell lines and primary leukemia cells, and a remarkable synergistic anti-leukemia action was demonstrated in vitro and in vivo in xenograft mouse models when co-treated with the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor IPI504. Mechanistically, HHT combined with IPI504 synergistically inhibited the growth of leukemia cells by inducing apoptosis and G1 phase arrest. This synergistic action resulted in a prominent reduction of total and phosphorylated FLT3 (p-FLT3) as well as inhibition of its downstream signaling molecules such as STAT5, AKT, ERK and 4E-BP1. Furthermore, co-treatment of HHT and IPI504 led to a synergistic or additive effect on 55.56%(10/18) of acute myeloid leukemia cases tested, including three relapsed/refractory patients. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the combination of HHT and HSP90 inhibitor provides an alternative way for the treatment of FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia, especially for relapsed/refractory AML.
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Fernández-Torras A, Duran-Frigola M, Aloy P. Encircling the regions of the pharmacogenomic landscape that determine drug response. Genome Med 2019; 11:17. [PMID: 30914058 PMCID: PMC6436215 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of large-scale drug sensitivity screens and genome-wide experiments is changing the field of pharmacogenomics, revealing molecular determinants of drug response without the need for previous knowledge about drug action. In particular, transcriptional signatures of drug sensitivity may guide drug repositioning, prioritize drug combinations, and point to new therapeutic biomarkers. However, the inherent complexity of transcriptional signatures, with thousands of differentially expressed genes, makes them hard to interpret, thus giving poor mechanistic insights and hampering translation to clinics. METHODS To simplify drug signatures, we have developed a network-based methodology to identify functionally coherent gene modules. Our strategy starts with the calculation of drug-gene correlations and is followed by a pathway-oriented filtering and a network-diffusion analysis across the interactome. RESULTS We apply our approach to 189 drugs tested in 671 cancer cell lines and observe a connection between gene expression levels of the modules and mechanisms of action of the drugs. Further, we characterize multiple aspects of the modules, including their functional categories, tissue-specificity, and prevalence in clinics. Finally, we prove the predictive capability of the modules and demonstrate how they can be used as gene sets in conventional enrichment analyses. CONCLUSIONS Network biology strategies like module detection are able to digest the outcome of large-scale pharmacogenomic initiatives, thereby contributing to their interpretability and improving the characterization of the drugs screened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrià Fernández-Torras
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Duran-Frigola
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Patrick Aloy
- Joint IRB-BSC-CRG Program in Computational Biology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Gonçalves JM, Silva CAB, Rivero ERC, Cordeiro MMR. Inhibition of cancer stem cells promoted by Pimozide. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 46:116-125. [PMID: 30383889 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past years, studies have described that users of antipsychotics are less likely to develop cancer than the population in general due to cytotoxic properties of this class of drugs on cancer cells. For this reason, Pimozide has been widely studied as a potential anticancer treatment, and satisfactory results in melanoma, central nervous system tumours, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, myeloproliferative neoplasms, breast, lung, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinoma have been showed. Moreover, advantages as clinical use approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), high clinical safety, low side effects, and reasonable price have stimulated the treatment with Pimozide instead of other agents. The action mechanism remains unclear, but three vias associated to cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis show that Pimozide: (a) blocks CSC features, as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), through inhibition of Wnt-β/catenin signalling; (b) acts as an inhibitor of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT-3 and 5), pathway which is activated and up-regulated in CSCs; (c) inhibits ubiquitine specific protease (USP1) and WD repeat-containing protein 48 (WDR48), that are proteins responsible to inhibit the differentiation and to maintain the cell in an undifferentiated state. Based on this perspective, the aim of this manuscript is to review the antineoplastic role of Pimozide during tumorigenesis and its potential to revert the process of undifferentiation and proliferation of CSC through different vias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussara Maria Gonçalves
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Elena Riet Correa Rivero
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Nogami A, Okada K, Ishida S, Akiyama H, Umezawa Y, Miura O. Inhibition of the STAT5/Pim Kinase Axis Enhances Cytotoxic Effects of Proteasome Inhibitors on FLT3-ITD-Positive AML Cells by Cooperatively Inhibiting the mTORC1/4EBP1/S6K/Mcl-1 Pathway. Transl Oncol 2018; 12:336-349. [PMID: 30472492 PMCID: PMC6335494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
FLT3-ITD and FLT3-TKD are the most frequent tyrosine kinase mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with the former conferring a poor prognosis. We have recently revealed that FLT3-ITD confers resistance to the PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitors by protecting the mTORC1/4EBP1/Mcl-1 pathway through Pim kinases induced by STAT5 activation in AML. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib has recently been reported as a promising agent for treatment of AML. Here, we show that the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib as well as carfilzomib induces apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway more conspicuously in cells transformed by FLT3-TKD than FLT3-ITD. Mechanistically, bortezomib upregulated the stress-regulated protein REDD1 and induced downregulation of the mTORC1 pathway more distinctively in cells transformed by FLT3-TKD than FLT-ITD, while overexpression of Pim-1 partly prevented this downregulation and apoptosis in FLT3-TKD-transformed cells. Genetic enhancement of the REDD1 induction or pharmacological inhibition of STAT5, Pim kinases, mTORC1, or S6K by specific inhibitors, such as pimozide, AZD1208, PIM447, rapamycin, and PF-4708671, accelerated the downregulation of mTORC1/Mcl-1 pathway to enhance bortezomib-induced apoptosis in FLT3-ITD-expressing cells, including primary AML cells, while overexpression of Mcl-1 prevented induction of apoptosis. Thus, FLT3-ITD confers a resistance to the proteasome inhibitors on AML cells by protecting the mTORC1/Mcl-1 pathway through the STAT5/Pim axis, and inhibition of these signaling events remarkably enhances the therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Medical Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Okada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Umezawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Elmaci I, Altinoz MA. Targeting the cellular schizophrenia. Likely employment of the antipsychotic agent pimozide in treatment of refractory cancers and glioblastoma. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 128:96-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Ishida S, Akiyama H, Umezawa Y, Okada K, Nogami A, Oshikawa G, Nagao T, Miura O. Mechanisms for mTORC1 activation and synergistic induction of apoptosis by ruxolitinib and BH3 mimetics or autophagy inhibitors in JAK2-V617F-expressing leukemic cells including newly established PVTL-2. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26834-26851. [PMID: 29928488 PMCID: PMC6003557 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The activated JAK2-V617F mutant is very frequently found in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and its inhibitor ruxolitinib has been in clinical use, albeit with limited efficacies. Here, we examine the signaling mechanisms from JAK2-V617F and responses to ruxolitinib in JAK2-V617F-positive leukemic cell lines, including PVTL-2, newly established from a patient with post-MPN secondary acute myeloid leukemia, and the widely used model cell line HEL. We have found that ruxolitinib downregulated the mTORC1/S6K/4EBP1 pathway at least partly through inhibition of the STAT5/Pim-2 pathway with concomitant downregulation of c-Myc, MCL-1, and BCL-xL as well as induction of autophagy in these cells. Ruxolitinib very efficiently inhibited proliferation but only modestly induced apoptosis. However, inhibition of BCL-xL/BCL-2 by the BH3 mimetics ABT-737 and navitoclax or BCL-xL by A-1331852 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis involving activation of Bak and Bax synergistically with ruxolitinib in HEL cells. On the other hand, the putative pan-BH3 mimetic obatoclax as well as chloroquine and bafilomycin A1 inhibited autophagy at its late stage and induced apoptosis in PVTL-2 cells synergistically with ruxolitinib. The present study suggests that autophagy as well as the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, regulated at least partly by the mTORC1 pathway downstream of STAT5/Pim-2, protects JAK2-V617F-positive leukemic cells from ruxolitinib-induced apoptosis depending on cell types and may contribute to development of new strategies against JAK2-V617F-positive neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Umezawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keigo Okada
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Nogami
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Oshikawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikage Nagao
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Grundy M, Jones T, Elmi L, Hall M, Graham A, Russell N, Pallis M. Early changes in rpS6 phosphorylation and BH3 profiling predict response to chemotherapy in AML cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196805. [PMID: 29723246 PMCID: PMC5933738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blasts from different patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) vary in the agent(s) to which they are most responsive. With a myriad of novel agents to evaluate, there is a lack of predictive biomarkers to precisely assign targeted therapies to individual patients. Primary AML cells often survive poorly in vitro, thus confounding conventional cytotoxicity assays. The purpose of this work was to assess the potential of two same-day functional predictive assays in AML cell lines to predict long-term response to chemotherapy. (i) Ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) is a downstream substrate of PI3K/akt/mTOR/ kinase and MAPK kinase pathways and its dephosphorylation is also triggered by DNA double strand breaks. Phospho-rpS6 is reliably measurable by flow cytometry and thus has the potential to function as a biomarker of responsiveness to several therapeutic agents. (ii) A cell's propensity for apoptosis can be interrogated via a functional assay termed "Dynamic BH3 Profiling" in which mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization in drug-treated cells can be driven by pro-apoptotic BH3 domain peptides such as PUMA-BH3. The extent to which a particular cell is primed for apoptosis by the drug can be determined by measuring the amount of cytochrome C released on addition of BH3 peptide. We demonstrate that phospho-rpS6 expression and PUMA-BH3 peptide-induced cytochrome C release after 4 hours both predict long term chemoresponsiveness to tyrosine kinase inhibitors and DNA double strand break inducers in AML cell lines. We also describe changes in expression levels of the prosurvival BCL-2 family member Mcl-1 and the pro-apoptotic protein BIM after short term drug culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grundy
- Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Thomas Jones
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Liban Elmi
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hall
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Graham
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Russell
- Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Pallis
- Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Zjablovskaja P, Danek P, Kardosova M, Alberich-Jorda M. Proliferation and Differentiation of Murine Myeloid Precursor 32D/G-CSF-R Cells. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553501 DOI: 10.3791/57033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell biology has important implications for regenerative medicine and the treatment of hematological pathologies. Despite the most relevant data that can be acquired using in vivo models or primary cultures, the low abundance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells considerably restricts the pool of suitable techniques for their investigation. Therefore, the use of cell lines allows sufficient production of biological material for the performance of screenings or assays that require large cell numbers. Here we present a detailed description, readout, and interpretation of proliferation and differentiation assays which are used for the investigation of processes involved in myelopoiesis and neutrophilic differentiation. These experiments employ the 32D/G-CSF-R cytokine dependent murine myeloid cell line, which possesses the ability to proliferate in the presence of IL-3 and differentiate in G-CSF. We provide optimized protocols for handling 32D/G-CSF-R cells and discuss major pitfalls and drawbacks that might compromise the described assays and expected results. Additionally, this article contains protocols for lentiviral and retroviral production, titration, and transduction of 32D/G-CSF-R cells. We demonstrate that genetic manipulation of these cells can be employed to successfully perform functional and molecular studies, which can complement results obtained with primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells or in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Zjablovskaja
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR; Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University
| | - Petr Danek
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR
| | | | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR; Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University;
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Predicting effective pro-apoptotic anti-leukaemic drug combinations using co-operative dynamic BH3 profiling. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190682. [PMID: 29298347 PMCID: PMC5752038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The BH3-only apoptosis agonists BAD and NOXA target BCL-2 and MCL-1 respectively and co-operate to induce apoptosis. On this basis, therapeutic drugs targeting BCL-2 and MCL-1 might have enhanced activity if used in combination. We identified anti-leukaemic drugs sensitising to BCL-2 antagonism and drugs sensitising to MCL-1 antagonism using the technique of dynamic BH3 profiling, whereby cells were primed with drugs to discover whether this would elicit mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation in response to BCL-2-targeting BAD-BH3 peptide or MCL-1-targeting MS1-BH3 peptide. We found that a broad range of anti-leukaemic agents–notably MCL-1 inhibitors, DNA damaging agents and FLT3 inhibitors–sensitise leukaemia cells to BAD-BH3. We further analysed the BCL-2 inhibitors ABT-199 and JQ1, the MCL-1 inhibitors pladienolide B and torin1, the FLT3 inhibitor AC220 and the DNA double-strand break inducer etoposide to correlate priming responses with co-operative induction of apoptosis. ABT-199 in combination with pladienolide B, torin1, etoposide or AC220 strongly induced apoptosis within 4 hours, but the MCL-1 inhibitors did not co-operate with etoposide or AC220. In keeping with the long half-life of BCL-2, the BET domain inhibitor JQ1 was found to downregulate BCL-2 and to prime cells to respond to MS1-BH3 at 48, but not at 4 hours: prolonged priming with JQ1 was then shown to induce rapid cytochrome C release when pladienolide B, torin1, etoposide or AC220 were added. In conclusion, dynamic BH3 profiling is a useful mechanism-based tool for understanding and predicting co-operative lethality between drugs sensitising to BCL-2 antagonism and drugs sensitising to MCL-1 antagonism. A plethora of agents sensitised cells to BAD-BH3-mediated mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation in the dynamic BH3 profiling assay and this was associated with effective co-operation with the BCL-2 inhibitory compounds ABT-199 or JQ1.
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Zhang C, Yang L, Geng YD, An FL, Xia YZ, Guo C, Luo JG, Zhang LY, Guo QL, Kong LY. Icariside II, a natural mTOR inhibitor, disrupts aberrant energy homeostasis via suppressing mTORC1-4E-BP1 axis in sarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27819-37. [PMID: 27056897 PMCID: PMC5053690 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant energy homeostasis that characterized by high rate of energy production (glycolysis) and energy consumption (mRNA translation) is associated with the development of cancer. As mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a critical regulator of aberrant energy homeostasis, it is an attractive target for anti-tumor intervention. The flavonoid compound Icariside II (IS) is a natural mTOR inhibitor derived from Epimedium. Koreanum. Herein, we evaluate the effect of IS on aberrant energy homeostasis. The reduction of glycolysis and mRNA translation in U2OS (osteosarcoma), S180 (fibrosarcoma) and SW1535 (chondrosarcoma) cells observed in our study, indicate that, IS inhibits aberrant energy homeostasis. This inhibition is found to be due to suppression of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) axis through blocking the assembly of mTORC1. Furthermore, IS inhibits the cap-dependent translation of c-myc through mTORC1-4E-BP1 axis which links the relationship between mRNA translation and glycolysis. Inhibition of aberrant energy homeostasis by IS, contributes to its in vitro and in vivo anti-proliferation activity. These data indicate that IS disrupts aberrant energy homeostasis of sarcoma cells through suppression of mTORC1-4E-BP1 axis, providing a novel mechanism of IS to inhibit cell proliferation in sarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-di Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fa-Liang An
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Zheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Guang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu-Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Long Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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FLT3-ITD induces expression of Pim kinases through STAT5 to confer resistance to the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors on leukemic cells by enhancing the mTORC1/Mcl-1 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8870-8886. [PMID: 29507660 PMCID: PMC5823622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FLT3-ITD is the most frequent tyrosine kinase mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) associated with poor prognosis. We previously reported that activation of STAT5 confers resistance to PI3K/Akt inhibitors on the FLT3-ITD-positive AML cell line MV4-11 and 32D cells driven by FLT3-ITD (32D/ITD) but not by FLT3 mutated in the tyrosine kinase domain (32D/TKD). Here, we report the involvement of Pim kinases expressed through STAT5 activation in acquisition of this resistance. The specific pan-Pim kinase inhibitor AZD1208 as well as PIM447 in combination with the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 or the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 cooperatively downregulated the mTORC1/4EBP1 pathway, formation of the eIF4E/eIF4G complex, and Mcl-1 expression leading to activation of Bak and Bax to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis synergistically in these cells. These cooperative effects were enhanced or inhibited by knock down of mTOR or expression of its activated mutant, respectively. Overexpression of Mcl-1 conferred the resistance on 32D/ITD cells to combined inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway and Pim kinases, while the Mcl-1-specific BH3 mimetic A-1210477 conquered the resistance of MV4-11 cells to GDC-0941. Furthermore, overexpression of Pim-1 in 32D/TKD enhanced the mTORC1/Mcl-1 pathway and partially protected it from the PI3K/Akt inhibitors or the FLT3 inhibitor gilteritinib to confer the resistance to PI3K/Akt inhibitors. Finally, AZD1208 and GDC-0941 cooperatively inhibited the mTORC1/Mcl-1 pathway and reduced viable cell numbers of primary AML cells from some FLT3-ITD positive cases. Thus, Pim kinases may protect the mTORC1/4EBP1/Mcl-1 pathway to confer the resistance to the PI3K/Akt inhibitors on FLT3-ITD cells and represent promising therapeutic targets.
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37
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Herschbein L, Liesveld JL. Dueling for dual inhibition: Means to enhance effectiveness of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors in AML. Blood Rev 2017; 32:235-248. [PMID: 29276026 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway is amplified in 60-80% of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). Since this complex pathway is crucial to cell functions such as growth, proliferation, and survival, inhibition of this pathway would be postulated to inhibit leukemia initiation and propagation. Inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway has met with limited success in AML due to multiple resistance mechanisms including direct insensitivity of the mTORC1 complex, feedback activation of the PI3k/Akt signaling network, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) activation of PI3K, and others. This review explores the role of mTOR inhibition in AML, mechanisms of resistance, and means to improve outcomes through use of dual mTORC1/2 inhibitors or dual TORC/PI3K inhibitors. How these inhibitors interface with currently available therapies in AML will require additional preclinical experiments and conduct of well-designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Herschbein
- Department of Medicine, The James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jane L Liesveld
- Department of Medicine, The James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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38
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Koda Y, Kikuzato K, Mikuni J, Tanaka A, Yuki H, Honma T, Tomabechi Y, Kukimoto-Niino M, Shirouzu M, Shirai F, Koyama H. Identification of pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidines as potent HCK and FLT3-ITD dual inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4994-4998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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39
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Tanaka K, Oshikawa G, Akiyama H, Ishida S, Nagao T, Yamamoto M, Miura O. Acute myeloid leukemia with t(3;21)(q26.2;q22) developing following low-dose methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis and expressing two AML1/MDS1/EVI1 fusion proteins: A case report. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:97-102. [PMID: 28693140 PMCID: PMC5494941 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The t(3;21)(q26.2;q22) translocation is a rare chromosomal abnormality exhibited almost exclusively in therapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML) or in the blastic crisis phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, which results in the fusion of the runt related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1, also called AML1) gene at 21q22 to the myelodysplasia syndrome 1 (MDS1)-ecotropic virus integration site 1 (EVI1) complex locus (MECOM) at 3q26.2, generating various fusion transcripts, including AML1/MDS1/EVI1 (AME). The present study examined the case of an 84-year-old Japanese woman who developed t-MDS/AML with t(3;21)(q26.2;q22) subsequent to receiving low-dose methotrexate (MTX) treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Following treatment with MTX for 6 years, the patient developed anemia and neutropenia, and MTX was discontinued. A total of 3 years later, the patient was diagnosed with MDS with t(3;21)(q26.2;q22) and del (5q), which progressed rapidly to AML within 3 months. The patients was subsequently treated with azacitidine and cytarabine chemotherapy, but succumbed to the disease 6 months after diagnosis. Sequencing analysis of the nested reverse transcription-PCR products from the leukemic cells revealed the expression of two types of alternatively-spliced AME transcripts with or without RUNX1 exon 6 sequences. Western blot analysis of the leukemic cells of the patient additionally revealed that the corresponding AME fusion protein products were expressed at high levels, and that these cells also prominently expressed CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α, the repression of which has been reported to be involved in leukemogenesis mediated by AME. To the best of our knowledge, the case discussed in the present study represents the first report of MDS/AML with t(3;21)(q26.2;q22) developing following low-dose MTX therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Nonetheless, the clinical and molecular features of the patient in the present study were representative of those patients who typically develop this disease following exposure to chemotherapy or radiotherapy for primary malignancy, which implicates MTX in the pathogenesis of t-MDS/AML. Moreover, we confirmed the expression of two AME fusion proteins for the first time in primary leukemic cells and analyzed several cellular factors implicated in AME-mediated leukemogenesis to gain some insight into its molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tanaka
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Gaku Oshikawa
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Akiyama
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishida
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Toshikage Nagao
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Masahide Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Osamu Miura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
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40
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Ginsenoside PPD's Antitumor Effect via Down-Regulation of mTOR Revealed by Super-Resolution Imaging. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030486. [PMID: 28335497 PMCID: PMC6155369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Derived from Panax ginseng, the natural product 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) has been reported for its cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines. The molecular mechanism is, however, not well understood. Here we show that PPD significantly inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis and causes G2/M cell cycle arrest in human laryngeal carcinoma cells (Hep-2 cells). PPD also decreases the levels of proteins related to cell proliferation. Moreover, PPD-induced apoptosis is characterized by a dose-dependent down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bax, and is accompanied by the activation of Caspase-3 as well. Further molecular mechanism is revealed by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM)—a novel high-precision localization microscopy which enables effective resolution down to the order of 10 nm. It shows the expression and spatial arrangement of mTOR and its downstream effectors, demonstrating that this ginsenoside exerts its excellent anticancer effects via down-regulation of mTOR signaling pathway in Hep-2 cells. Taken together, our findings elucidate that the antitumor effect of PPD is associated with its regulation of mTOR expression and distribution, which encourages further studies of PPD as a promising therapeutic agent against laryngeal carcinoma.
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41
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Brumatti G, Lalaoui N, Wei AH, Silke J. 'Did He Who Made the Lamb Make Thee?' New Developments in Treating the 'Fearful Symmetry' of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:264-281. [PMID: 28196625 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Malignant cells must circumvent endogenous cell death pathways to survive and develop into cancers. Acquired cell death resistance also sets up malignant cells to survive anticancer therapies. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer characterized by high relapse rate and resistance to cytotoxic therapies. Recent collaborative profiling projects have led to a greater understanding of the 'fearful symmetry' of the genomic landscape of AML, and point to the development of novel potential therapies that can overcome factors linked to chemoresistance. We review here the most recent research in the genetics of AML and how these discoveries have led, or might lead, to therapies that specifically activate cell death pathways to substantially challenge this 'fearful' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brumatti
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Najoua Lalaoui
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew H Wei
- Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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42
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Chen Y, Chauhan SK, Tan X, Dana R. Interleukin-7 and -15 maintain pathogenic memory Th17 cells in autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2016; 77:96-103. [PMID: 27899224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Th17 cells are principal mediators of many autoimmune conditions. Recently, memory Th17 cells have been revealed as crucial in mediating the chronicity of various refractory autoimmune disorders; however, the underlying mechanisms maintaining memory Th17 cells have remained elusive. Here, using a preclinical model of ocular autoimmune disease we show that both IL-7 and IL-15 are critical for maintaining pathogenic memory Th17 cells. Neutralization of these cytokines leads to substantial reduction of memory Th17 cells; both IL-7 and IL-15 provide survival signals via activating STAT5, and IL-15 provides additional proliferation signals via activating both STAT5 and Akt. Topical neutralization of ocular IL-7 or IL-15 effectively reduces memory Th17 cells at the inflammatory site and draining lymphoid tissues, while topical neutralization of IL-17 alone, the major pathogenic cytokine secreted by Th17 cells, does not diminish memory Th17 cells at the draining lymphoid tissues. Our results suggest that the effective removal of pathogenic memory Th17 cells via abolishing environmental IL-7 or IL-15 is likely to be a novel strategy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihe Chen
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sunil K Chauhan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Xuhua Tan
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Reza Dana
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Molecular Changes During Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Evolution and Identification of Novel Treatment Strategies Through Molecular Stratification. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2016; 144:383-436. [PMID: 27865463 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematopoietic malignancy characterized by impaired differentiation and uncontrollable proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells. Due to high relapse rates, overall survival for this rapidly progressing disease is poor. The significant challenge in AML treatment is disease heterogeneity stemming from variability in maturation state of leukemic cells of origin, genetic aberrations among patients, and existence of multiple disease clones within a single patient. Disease heterogeneity and the lack of biomarkers for drug sensitivity lie at the root of treatment failure as well as selective efficacy of AML chemotherapies and the emergence of drug resistance. Furthermore, standard-of-care treatment is aggressive, presenting significant tolerability concerns to the commonly advanced-age AML patient. In this review, we examine the concept and potential of molecular stratification, particularly with biologically relevant drug responses, in identifying low-toxicity precision therapeutic combinations and clinically relevant biomarkers for AML patient care as a way to overcome these challenges in AML treatment.
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44
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Ghosh J, Kapur R. Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Leukemia Maintenance by the PI3K-mTORC1 Pathway. CURRENT STEM CELL REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40778-016-0067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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45
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Lindblad O, Cordero E, Puissant A, Macaulay L, Ramos A, Kabir NN, Sun J, Vallon-Christersson J, Haraldsson K, Hemann MT, Borg Å, Levander F, Stegmaier K, Pietras K, Rönnstrand L, Kazi JU. Aberrant activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway promotes resistance to sorafenib in AML. Oncogene 2016; 35:5119-31. [PMID: 26999641 PMCID: PMC5399143 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapy directed against oncogenic FLT3 has been shown to induce response in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but these responses are almost always transient. To address the mechanism of FLT3 inhibitor resistance, we generated two resistant AML cell lines by sustained treatment with the FLT3 inhibitor sorafenib. Parental cell lines carry the FLT3-ITD (tandem duplication) mutation and are highly responsive to FLT3 inhibitors, whereas resistant cell lines display resistance to multiple FLT3 inhibitors. Sanger sequencing and protein mass-spectrometry did not identify any acquired mutations in FLT3 in the resistant cells. Moreover, sorafenib treatment effectively blocked FLT3 activation in resistant cells, whereas it was unable to block colony formation or cell survival, suggesting that the resistant cells are no longer FLT3 dependent. Gene expression analysis of sensitive and resistant cell lines, as well as of blasts from patients with sorafenib-resistant AML, suggested an enrichment of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in the resistant phenotype, which was further supported by next-generation sequencing and phospho-specific-antibody array analysis. Furthermore, a selective PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, gedatolisib, efficiently blocked proliferation, colony and tumor formation, and induced apoptosis in resistant cell lines. Gedatolisib significantly extended survival of mice in a sorafenib-resistant AML patient-derived xenograft model. Taken together, our data suggest that aberrant activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway in FLT3-ITD-dependent AML results in resistance to drugs targeting FLT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Lindblad
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Hematology and Vascular Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - E Cordero
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Puissant
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Macaulay
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Ramos
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - N N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - J Sun
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - K Haraldsson
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M T Hemann
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Å Borg
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - F Levander
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure for Life Sciences (BILS), Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - L Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
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Abstract
The discovery of small molecules that selectively inhibit Mnks is considered of paramount importance towards deciphering the exact role of these proteins in carcinogenesis and to further validate them as anti-cancer drug targets. However, the dearth of structural information of Mnks is a major hurdle. This study unveils the 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent inhibitors of Mnks. ATP and substrate competition assays showed that this scaffold interacts with the ATP binding site, but not with the substrate site. Screened against a panel of cancer cells, Mnk inhibitors were most potent against MV4-11 acute myeloid leukemia cells. The induction of apoptosis was shown to be mediated by downregulation of Mcl-1.
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47
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Xu P, Zhou D, Ouyang J, Chen B. STAT5gene polymorphisms are associated with the response of acute myeloid leukemia patients to Ara-C-based chemotherapy. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:921-6. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1087521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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