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Ruggeri E, Frezzato F, Mouawad N, Pizzi M, Scarmozzino F, Capasso G, Trimarco V, Quotti Tubi L, Cellini A, Cavarretta CA, Ruocco V, Serafin A, Angotzi F, Danesin N, Manni S, Facco M, Piazza F, Trentin L, Visentin A. Protein kinase CK2α is overexpressed in classical hodgkin lymphoma, regulates key signaling pathways, PD-L1 and may represent a new target for therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393485. [PMID: 38807597 PMCID: PMC11130512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), the survival of neoplastic cells is mediated by the activation of NF-κB, JAK/STAT and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. CK2 is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase, consisting of two catalytic (α) and two regulatory (β) subunits, which is involved in several cellular processes and both subunits were found overexpressed in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Methods and results Biochemical analyses and in vitro assays showed an impaired expression of CK2 subunits in cHL, with CK2α being overexpressed and a decreased expression of CK2β compared to normal B lymphocytes. Mechanistically, CK2β was found to be ubiquitinated in all HL cell lines and consequently degraded by the proteasome pathway. Furthermore, at basal condition STAT3, NF-kB and AKT are phosphorylated in CK2-related targets, resulting in constitutive pathways activation. The inhibition of CK2 with CX-4945/silmitasertib triggered the de-phosphorylation of NF-κB-S529, STAT3-S727, AKT-S129 and -S473, leading to cHL cell lines apoptosis. Moreover, CX-4945/silmitasertib was able to decrease the expression of the immuno-checkpoint CD274/PD-L1 but not of CD30, and to synergize with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), the microtubule inhibitor of brentuximab vedotin. Conclusions Our data point out a pivotal role of CK2 in the survival and the activation of key signaling pathways in cHL. The skewed expression between CK2α and CK2β has never been reported in other lymphomas and might be specific for cHL. The effects of CK2 inhibition on PD-L1 expression and the synergistic combination of CX-4945/silmitasertib with MMAE pinpoints CK2 as a high-impact target for the development of new therapies for cHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Ruggeri
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nayla Mouawad
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federico Scarmozzino
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Guido Capasso
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cellini
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Valeria Ruocco
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Serafin
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Angotzi
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicolò Danesin
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Manni
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Facco
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Quotti Tubi L, Canovas Nunes S, Mandato E, Pizzi M, Vitulo N, D’Agnolo M, Colombatti R, Martella M, Boaro MP, Doriguzzi Breatta E, Fregnani A, Spinello Z, Nabergoj M, Filhol O, Boldyreff B, Albiero M, Fadini GP, Gurrieri C, Vianello F, Semenzato G, Manni S, Trentin L, Piazza F. CK2β Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Biology and Erythropoiesis. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e978. [PMID: 38026791 PMCID: PMC10673422 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ser-Thr kinase CK2 plays important roles in sustaining cell survival and resistance to stress and these functions are exploited by different types of blood tumors. Yet, the physiological involvement of CK2 in normal blood cell development is poorly known. Here, we discovered that the β regulatory subunit of CK2 is critical for normal hematopoiesis in the mouse. Fetal livers of conditional CK2β knockout embryos showed increased numbers of hematopoietic stem cells associated to a higher proliferation rate compared to control animals. Both hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) displayed alterations in the expression of transcription factors involved in cell quiescence, self-renewal, and lineage commitment. HSPCs lacking CK2β were functionally impaired in supporting both in vitro and in vivo hematopoiesis as demonstrated by transplantation assays. Furthermore, KO mice developed anemia due to a reduced number of mature erythroid cells. This compartment was characterized by dysplasia, proliferative defects at early precursor stage, and apoptosis at late-stage erythroblasts. Erythroid cells exhibited a marked compromise of signaling cascades downstream of the cKit and erythropoietin receptor, with a defective activation of ERK/JNK, JAK/STAT5, and PI3K/AKT pathways and perturbations of several transcriptional programs as demonstrated by RNA-Seq analysis. Moreover, we unraveled an unforeseen molecular mechanism whereby CK2 sustains GATA1 stability and transcriptional proficiency. Thus, our work demonstrates new and crucial functions of CK2 in HSPC biology and in erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Canovas Nunes
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisa Mandato
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medicine, Cytopathology and Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Mirco D’Agnolo
- Department of Women’s and Child’s Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Paola Boaro
- Department of Women’s and Child’s Health, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Doriguzzi Breatta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fregnani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Mitja Nabergoj
- Hematology Service, Institut Central des Hôpitaux (ICH), Hôpital du Valais, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Odile Filhol
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1036, Institute de Reserches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Experimental Diabetology Lab, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Experimental Diabetology Lab, Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vianello
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis and Pathobiology of Myeloma and Lymphoma. Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
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Quotti Tubi L, Mandato E, Canovas Nunes S, Arjomand A, Zaffino F, Manni S, Casellato A, Macaccaro P, Vitulo N, Zumerle S, Filhol O, Boldyreff B, Siebel CW, Viola A, Valle G, Mainoldi F, Casola S, Cancila V, Gulino A, Tripodo C, Pizzi M, Dei Tos AP, Trentin L, Semenzato G, Piazza F. CK2β-regulated signaling controls B cell differentiation and function. Front Immunol 2023; 13:959138. [PMID: 36713383 PMCID: PMC9874936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.959138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine-Threonine kinase CK2 supports malignant B-lymphocyte growth but its role in B-cell development and activation is largely unknown. Here, we describe the first B-cell specific knockout (KO) mouse model of the β regulatory subunit of CK2. CK2βKO mice present an increase in marginal zone (MZ) and a reduction in follicular B cells, suggesting a role for CK2 in the regulation of the B cell receptor (BCR) and NOTCH2 signaling pathways. Biochemical analyses demonstrate an increased activation of the NOTCH2 pathway in CK2βKO animals, which sustains MZ B-cell development. Transcriptomic analyses indicate alterations in biological processes involved in immune response and B-cell activation. Upon sheep red blood cells (SRBC) immunization CK2βKO mice exhibit enlarged germinal centers (GCs) but display a limited capacity to generate class-switched GC B cells and immunoglobulins. In vitro assays highlight that B cells lacking CK2β have an impaired signaling downstream of BCR, Toll-like receptor, CD40, and IL-4R all crucial for B-cell activation and antigen presenting efficiency. Somatic hypermutations analysis upon 4-Hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl hapten conjugated to Chicken Gamma Globulin (NP-CGG) evidences a reduced NP-specific W33L mutation frequency in CK2βKO mice suggesting the importance of the β subunit in sustaining antibody affinity maturation. Lastly, since diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells derive from GC or post-GC B cells and rely on CK2 for their survival, we sought to investigate the consequences of CK2 inhibition on B cell signaling in DLBCL cells. In line with the observations in our murine model, CK2 inactivation leads to signaling defects in pathways that are essential for malignant B-lymphocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Unit of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Mandato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Unit of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sara Canovas Nunes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Unit of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arash Arjomand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Unit of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Fortunato Zaffino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Unit of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Unit of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Casellato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Unit of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Macaccaro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Unit of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biology, Interdepartmental Research Center for Biotechnologies (CRIBI) Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Zumerle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Odile Filhol
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1036, Institute de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant/Biologie du Cancer et de l’Infection, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christian W. Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Valle
- Department of Biology, Interdepartmental Research Center for Biotechnologies (CRIBI) Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Casola
- IFOM-ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Tripodo
- IFOM-ETS-The AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy,Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medicine, Cytopathology and Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine, Cytopathology and Surgical Pathology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Unit of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Unit of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy,Unit of Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Veneto of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy,*Correspondence: Francesco Piazza,
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Manni S, Pesavento M, Spinello Z, Saggin L, Arjomand A, Fregnani A, Quotti Tubi L, Scapinello G, Gurrieri C, Semenzato G, Trentin L, Piazza F. Protein Kinase CK2 represents a new target to boost Ibrutinib and Venetoclax induced cytotoxicity in mantle cell lymphoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:935023. [PMID: 36035991 PMCID: PMC9403710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.935023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by frequent relapses. In the last decade, the pro-survival pathways related to BCR signaling and Bcl-2 have been considered rational therapeutic targets in B cell derived lymphomas. The BTK inhibitor Ibrutinib and the Bcl-2 inhibitor Venetoclax are emerging as effective drugs for MCL. However, primary and acquired resistance also to these agents may occur. Protein Kinase CK2 is a S/T kinase overexpressed in many solid and blood-derived tumours. CK2 promotes cancer cell growth and clonal expansion, sustaining pivotal survival signaling cascades, such as the ones dependent on AKT, NF-κB, STAT3 and others, counteracting apoptosis through a “non-oncogene” addiction mechanism. We previously showed that CK2 is overexpressed in MCL and regulates the levels of activating phosphorylation on S529 of the NF-κB family member p65/RelA. In the present study, we investigated the effects of CK2 inactivation on MCL cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis and this kinase’s involvement in the BCR and Bcl-2 related signaling. By employing CK2 loss of function MCL cell models, we demonstrated that CK2 sustains BCR signaling (such as BTK, NF-κB and AKT) and the Bcl-2-related Mcl-1 expression. CK2 inactivation enhanced Ibrutinib and Venetoclax-induced cytotoxicity. The demonstration of a CK2-dependent upregulation of pathways that may antagonize the effect of these drugs may offer a novel strategy to overcome primary and secondary resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sabrina Manni, ; Francesco Piazza,
| | - Maria Pesavento
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Zaira Spinello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Lara Saggin
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Arash Arjomand
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fregnani
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Greta Scapinello
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Carmela Gurrieri
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology Lab, Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Sabrina Manni, ; Francesco Piazza,
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The Immune Regulatory Role of Protein Kinase CK2 and Its Implications for Treatment of Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121932. [PMID: 34944749 PMCID: PMC8698504 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein Kinase CK2, a constitutively active serine/threonine kinase, fulfills its functions via phosphorylating hundreds of proteins in nearly all cells. It regulates a variety of cellular signaling pathways and contributes to cell survival, proliferation and inflammation. CK2 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hematologic and solid cancers. Recent data have documented that CK2 has unique functions in both innate and adaptive immune cells. In this article, we review aspects of CK2 biology, functions of the major innate and adaptive immune cells, and how CK2 regulates the function of immune cells. Finally, we provide perspectives on how CK2 effects in immune cells, particularly T-cells, may impact the treatment of cancers via targeting CK2.
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Wu R, Tang W, Qiu K, Li P, Li Y, Li D, He Z. An Integrative Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Prognostic and Immunological Role of Casein Kinase 2 Alpha Protein 1 (CSNK2A1) in Human Cancers: A Study Based on Bioinformatics and Immunohistochemical Analysis. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:6215-6232. [PMID: 34621130 PMCID: PMC8487869 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s330500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although emerging animal- or cell-based evidence supports the relationship between casein kinase 2 alpha protein 1 (CSNK2A1) and cancers, no pan-cancer analysis is available. Thus, this report aimed to display the prognostic landscape of CSNK2A1 in pan-cancer and investigate the relationship between CSNK2A1 and tumor immunity. Methods In the current study, we investigated the expression pattern, genetic alterations and survival analysis of CSNK2A1 in pan-cancer across multiple datasets and online platforms. The correlations between CSNK2A1 expression and tumor immunity were explored and visualized via R language software. Following this, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were conducted in clinical patients for proving the bioinformatic findings. Analysis of protein–protein interaction and gene functional enrichment was conducted using GeneMANIA platform and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), respectively. Results In TCGA, tumor tissue had a higher expression level of CSNK2A1 compared with that in corresponding normal tissue. An increased expression level of CSNK2A1 was related to poor clinical prognosis in most types of cancer such as LIHC. The following expression and survival analysis in clinical liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) patients confirmed these TCGA findings. CSNK2A1 expression had significant positive correlations with pro-tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) like M1-macrophages and fibroblasts, and significant negative correlations with anti-tumor-TIICs like activated CD8+ T cells and NK cells, suggesting specific interactions between CSNK2A1 and certain TIICs subtypes. Furthermore, CSNK2A1 expression had the most significant positive correlations with common markers of immune checkpoint including programmed death ligand-1 (PDL1) in LIHC. These findings were validated by an IHC analysis. GSEA analysis demonstrated that high expression of CSNK2A1 was related to cell signaling pathways and immunity-related activities. Conclusion These findings suggested that CSNK2A1 was not only related to poor clinical prognosis in cancer like LIHC but also a novel immunotherapy-related biomarker in cancers, especially in LIHC, shedding new light on anti-tumor strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyin Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinggan Li
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Li
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanwen He
- Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong High Education Institutes, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Wei H, Yang W, Hong H, Yan Z, Qin H, Benveniste EN. Protein Kinase CK2 Regulates B Cell Development and Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:799-808. [PMID: 34301844 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (also known as Casein Kinase 2) is a serine/threonine kinase composed of two catalytic subunits (CK2α and/or CK2α') and two regulatory CK2β subunits. CK2 is overexpressed and overactive in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B cell lymphomas, leading to inappropriate activation of the NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways and tumor growth. However, whether CK2 regulates normal B cell development and differentiation is not known. We generated mice lacking CK2α specifically in B cells (using CD19-driven Cre recombinase). These mice exhibited cell-intrinsic expansion of marginal zone B cells at the expense of transitional B cells, without changes in follicular B cells. Transitional B cells required CK2α to maintain adequate BCR signaling. In the absence of CK2α, reduced BCR signaling and elevated Notch2 signaling activation increased marginal zone B cell differentiation. Our results identify a previously unrecognized function for CK2α in B cell development and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Wei
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Huixian Hong
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Zhaoqi Yan
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and.,Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Hongwei Qin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Etty N Benveniste
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
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Spinello Z, Fregnani A, Quotti Tubi L, Trentin L, Piazza F, Manni S. Targeting Protein Kinases in Blood Cancer: Focusing on CK1α and CK2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073716. [PMID: 33918307 PMCID: PMC8038136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of protein kinase activity may result in dramatic consequences that often lead to cancer development and progression. In tumors of blood origin, both tyrosine kinases and serine/threonine kinases are altered by different types of mutations, critically regulating cancer hallmarks. CK1α and CK2 are highly conserved, ubiquitously expressed and constitutively active pleiotropic kinases, which participate in multiple biological processes. The involvement of these kinases in solid and blood cancers is well documented. CK1α and CK2 are overactive in multiple myeloma, leukemias and lymphomas. Intriguingly, they are not required to the same degree for the viability of normal cells, corroborating the idea of “druggable” kinases. Different to other kinases, mutations on the gene encoding CK1α and CK2 are rare or not reported. Actually, these two kinases are outside the paradigm of oncogene addiction, since cancer cells’ dependency on these proteins resembles the phenomenon of “non-oncogene” addiction. In this review, we will summarize the general features of CK1α and CK2 and the most relevant oncogenic and stress-related signaling nodes, regulated by kinase phosphorylation, that may lead to tumor progression. Finally, we will report the current data, which support the positioning of these two kinases in the therapeutic scene of hematological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Spinello
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Fregnani
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Quotti Tubi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +39-049-792-3263 (F.P. & S.M.); Fax: +39-049-792-3250 (F.P. & S.M.)
| | - Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via N. Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; (Z.S.); (A.F.); (L.Q.T.); (L.T.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Via G. Orus 2, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +39-049-792-3263 (F.P. & S.M.); Fax: +39-049-792-3250 (F.P. & S.M.)
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Multitarget Anticancer Agents Based on Histone Deacetylase and Protein Kinase CK2 inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071497. [PMID: 32218358 PMCID: PMC7180456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of multitarget drugs (MTDs) has become an innovative approach for the search of effective treatments in complex diseases such as cancer. In this work, we communicate our efforts in the design of multi-targeting histone deacetylase (HDAC) and protein kinase CK2 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic strategy against cancer. Using tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) and 2-dimethylamino-4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-benzimidazole (DMAT) as scaffolds for CK2 inhibition, and a hydroxamate to coordinate the zinc atom present in the active site of HDAC (zinc binding group, ZBG), new multitarget inhibitors have been designed and synthesized. According to the in vitro assays, N-Hydroxy-6-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-(dimethylamino)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)hexanamide (11b) is the most interesting compound, with IC50 values of 0.66; 1.46 and 3.67 µM. for HDAC6; HDAC1 and CK2; respectively. Cellular assays on different cancer cell lines rendered promising results for N-Hydroxy-8-(4,5,6,7-tetrabromo-2-(dimethylamino)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)octanamide (11d). This inhibitor presented the highest cytotoxic activity, proapoptotic capability, and the best mitochondria-targeting and multidrug-circumventing properties, thus being the most promising drug candidate for further in vivo studies.
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Piazza F, Manni S, Arjomand A, Visentin A, Trentin L, Semenzato G. New responsibilities for aged kinases in B-lymphomas. Hematol Oncol 2019; 38:3-11. [PMID: 31782972 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge accumulated over the last decade on B-cell-derived non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) pathogenesis has led to the identification of several molecular abnormalities, opening new perspectives in the design of novel therapies. Indeed, drugs targeting specific biochemical pathways critical for B-NHL cell survival, proliferation, and fitness within the malignant microenvironment are now available to the clinician: the B-cell receptor signaling inhibitors of BTK, PI3Kδ, ζ, γ, and SYK or the pro-apoptotic BH3-mimetics are clear examples of it. Moreover, it is emerging that malignant B-cell growth is sustained not only by mutations in oncogenes/tumor suppressors but also by the "addiction" to nononcogene (ie, nonstructurally altered) molecules. In this regard, a consistent body of data has established that the Ser/Thr kinases CK1, CK2, and GSK3 are involved in malignant lymphocyte biology and act as pro-survival and signaling-boosting molecules, both in precursor and mature B-cell tumors. Currently, an experimental and clinical groundwork is available, upon which to design CK1-, CK2-, and GSK3-directed antilymphoma/leukemia therapies. In this review, we have examined the main features of CK1, CK2, and GSK3 kinases, summarized the data in B-NHL supporting them as suitable therapeutic targets, and proposed a perspective on potential future research development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Unit of Hematological Malignancies - Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research - Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Unit of Hematological Malignancies - Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research - Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Arash Arjomand
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Unit of Hematological Malignancies - Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research - Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Unit of Hematological Malignancies - Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research - Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Unit of Hematological Malignancies - Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research - Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Unit of Hematological Malignancies - Laboratory of Myeloma and Lymphoma Pathobiology, Foundation for Advanced Biomedical Research - Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (FABR-VIMM), Padova, Italy
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11
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Feng Q, Huang Y, Yao D, Zhu C, Li S, Ma H, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. Litopenaeus vannamei CK2 is involved in shrimp innate immunity by modulating hemocytes apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:643-653. [PMID: 31563555 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 (CK2) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase with multiple cellular functions in vertebrates including apoptosis, differentiation, proliferation, survival, tumorigenesis, signal transduction, immune regulation and inflammation. In the current study, the catalytic and regulatory subunit homologs of Litopenaeus vannamei protein kinase CK2 (LvCK2α and LvCK2β) were cloned and characterized. LvCK2α has a full-length cDNA sequence of 1764 bp with a 1053 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a putative protein of 351 amino acids, which contains a typical serine/threonine kinase domain. On the other hand, LvCK2β has a 1394 bp full-length cDNA with an ORF of 663 bp encoding a protein with 221 amino acids, which contains a Casein kinase II regulatory subunit domain. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that LvCK2 was evolutionary related with the CK2 of invertebrates. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that LvCK2α and LvCK2β transcripts were widely expressed in all shrimp tissues tested, and were both induced in hemocytes and hepatopancreas upon challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Streptoccocus iniae, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), suggesting their involvement in shrimp immune response. Moreover, RNA interference (RNAi) of LvCK2α resulted in increased hemocytes apoptosis, shown by high caspase 3/7 activity, increased number of apoptotic cells, coupled with an elevation in transcript levels of pro-apoptotic LvCaspase3 and LvCytochrome C, and a reduction in mRNA levels of pro-survival LvBcl2, LvIAP1, and LvIAP2. In addition, LvCK2α knockdown followed by V. parahaemolyticus challenge resulted in higher cumulative mortality of shrimp. Taken together, our current findings suggest that LvCK2 modulates shrimp hemocytes apoptosis as part of the innate immune response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Feng
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yueqian Huang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Chunhua Zhu
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Biology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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12
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Richter A, Roolf C, Hamed M, Gladbach YS, Sender S, Konkolefski C, Knübel G, Sekora A, Fuellen G, Vollmar B, Murua Escobar H, Junghanss C. Combined Casein Kinase II inhibition and epigenetic modulation in acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:202. [PMID: 30841886 PMCID: PMC6404304 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor suppressor protein phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a key regulator of the PI3K/AKT pathway which is frequently altered in a variety of tumors including a subset of acute B-lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALL). While PTEN mutations and deletions are rare in B-ALL, promoter hypermethylation and posttranslational modifications are the main pathways of PTEN inactivation. Casein Kinase II (CK2) is often upregulated in B-ALL and phosphorylates both PTEN and DNA methyltransferase 3A, resulting in increased PI3K/AKT signaling and offering a potential mechanism for further regulation of tumor-related pathways. Methods Here, we evaluated the effects of CK2 inhibitor CX-4945 alone and in combination with hypomethylating agent decitabine on B-ALL proliferation and PI3K/AKT pathway activation. We further investigated if CX-4945 intensified decitabine-induced hypomethylation and identified aberrantly methylated biological processes after CK2 inhibition. In vivo tumor cell proliferation in cell line and patient derived xenografts was assessed by longitudinal full body bioluminescence imaging and peripheral blood flow cytometry of NSG mice. Results CX-4945 incubation resulted in CK2 inhibition and PI3K pathway downregulation thereby inducing apoptosis and anti-proliferative effects. CX-4945 further affected methylation patterns of tumor-related transcription factors and regulators of cellular metabolism. No overlap with decitabine-affected genes or processes was detected. Decitabine alone revealed only modest anti-proliferative effects on B-ALL cell lines, however, if combined with CX-4945 a synergistic inhibition was observed. In vivo assessment of CX-4945 in B-ALL cell line xenografts resulted in delayed proliferation of B-ALL cells. Combination with DEC further decelerated B-ALL expansion significantly and decreased infiltration in bone marrow and spleen. Effects in patient-derived xenografts all harboring a t(4;11) translocation were heterogeneous. Conclusions We herein demonstrate the anti-leukemic potential of CX-4945 in synergy with decitabine in vitro as well as in vivo identifying CK2 as a potentially targetable kinase in B-ALL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5411-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Richter
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Catrin Roolf
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Yvonne Saara Gladbach
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sina Sender
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Konkolefski
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gudrun Knübel
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anett Sekora
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Fuellen
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Small Animal Imaging Core Facility, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Straße 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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Lian H, Su M, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Soomro SH, Fu H. Protein Kinase CK2, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Carcinoma Management. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:23-32. [PMID: 30677865 PMCID: PMC6485562 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Protein kinase CK2 (formerly known as casein kinase 2) is a highly conserved serine/ threonine kinase
overexpressed in various human carcinomas and its high expression often correlates with poor prognosis. CK2 protein
is localized in the nucleus of many tumor cells and correlates with clinical features in many cases. Increased expression
of CK2 in mice results in the development of various types of carcinomas (both solids and blood related tumors, such
as (breast carcinoma, lymphoma, etc), which reveals its carcinogenic properties. CK2 plays essential roles in many key
biological processes related to carcinoma, including cell apoptosis, DNA damage responses and cell cycle regulation.
CK2 has become a potential anti-carcinoma target. Various CK2 inhibitors have been developed with anti-neoplastic
properties against a variety of carcinomas. Some CK2 inhibitors have showed good results in in vitro and pre-clinical
models, and have even entered in clinical trials. This article will review effects of CK2 and its inhibitors on common
carcinomas in in vitro and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Lian
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R, China.
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14
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Targeting protein kinase CK2 and CDK4/6 pathways with a multi-kinase inhibitor ON108110 suppresses pro-survival signaling and growth in mantle cell lymphoma and T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37753-37765. [PMID: 30701029 PMCID: PMC6340882 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and constitutive activation of CYCLIN D1 and Casein Kinase 2 are common features of many hematologic malignancies, including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and leukemias such as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Although both CK2 and CDK4 inhibitors have shown promising results against these tumor types, none of these agents have achieved objective responses in the clinic as monotherapies. Because both proteins play key roles in these and other hematological malignancies, we have analyzed the therapeutic potential of ON108110, a novel dual specificity ATP-competitive inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 as well as CDK4/6 in MCL and T-ALL. We show that in cell growth inhibition assays, MCL and T-ALL cell lines exhibited increased sensitivity to ON108110 when compared to other tumor types. Treatment with ON108110 reduced the level of phosphorylated RB-family proteins. In addition, ON108110 treatment resulted in concentration dependent inhibition of PTEN phosphorylation and a concomitant decrease in PI3K-AKT signaling mediated by CK2. Accordingly, cells treated with ON108110 rapidly accumulated in the G0/G1 stage of the cell cycle as a function of increasing concentration followed by rapid onset of apoptosis. Together, these results indicate that dual inhibition of CK2 and CDK4/6 may be an efficient treatment of MCL and T-ALLs displaying upregulation of CK2/PI3K and CDK4 signaling pathways.
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Jiang L, Zhang J, Hu N, Liu A, Zhu H, Li L, Tian Y, Chen X, Quan L. Lentivirus-mediated down-regulation of CK2α inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of malignant lymphoma and leukemia cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:786-796. [PMID: 29772186 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase II subunit alpha (CK2α) is highly expressed in many malignant tumor tissues, including lymphomas and leukemia. To investigate the role of CK2α in cell proliferation and apoptosis of malignant lymphomas and leukemia, 2 lymphoma cell lines and one leukemia cell line were infected with CK2α shRNA lentivirus or negative control shRNA lentivirus, and stably infected cell lines were established. Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that the mRNA and protein levels of CK2α were significantly reduced in CK2α knockdown cells. The tetrazolium-based colorimetric (MTT) assay found that down-regulation of CK2α inhibited the proliferation of these cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that inhibition of CK2α induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of lymphoma and leukemia cells. In accordance with these, down-regulation of CK2α also reduced the protein levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclinD1, and bcl-2, and increased the protein expression of bax, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP). Moreover, knockdown of CK2α impeded the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. In summary, our study revealed that CK2α may contribute to the development of malignant lymphoma and leukemia, and serve as the therapeutic target of these malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Harbin Fourth Hospital, Harbin 150026, People's Republic of China
| | - Naifeng Hu
- c Department of Internal Medicine, Forest Industry General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Aichun Liu
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Zhu
- d School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiao Li
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Tian
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Chen
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Quan
- a Department of Hematology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China
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Vilardell J, Alcaraz E, Sarró E, Trilla E, Cuadros T, de Torres I, Plana M, Ramón Y Cajal S, Pinna LA, Ruzzene M, Morote J, Meseguer A, Itarte E. Under-expression of CK2β subunit in ccRCC represents a complementary biomarker of p-STAT3 Ser727 that correlates with patient survival. Oncotarget 2017; 9:5736-5751. [PMID: 29464030 PMCID: PMC5814170 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common and aggressive subtype of renal cancer. STAT3 pathway is altered in these tumors and p-STAT3 Ser727 is an independent prognostic factor for ccRCC. Protein kinase CK2 is altered in different types of tumors and overexpression of CK2α is considered predictive of bad prognosis and metastatic risk. CK2 subunits analyses in ccRCC samples showed increased CK2α/α’ nuclear content in all cases, but decreased cytosolic CK2β (CK2βcyt) levels in the more advanced tumors. Stable downregulation of CK2β in renal proximal tubular (HK-2) and clear cell adenocarcinoma (786-O) cells triggered changes in E-cadherin, vimentin and Snail1 protein levels indicative of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and increased HIF-α. Moreover, CK2β was required in order to observe STAT3 Ser727 phosphorylation in HK-2 but not in 786-O cells. We also observed that CK2β improved the prognostic value of p-STAT3 Ser727, as CK2βcyt>41 (median value) discriminates patients free of disease for a period of 10 years upon surgery, from those with CK2βcyt<41, when p-STAT3 Ser727levels are low. We conclude that CK2β down-regulation might represent a mechanism to support EMT and angiogenesis and that CK2βcyt levels are instrumental to refine prognosis of ccRCC patients with low p-STAT3 Ser727 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Vilardell
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estefania Alcaraz
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sarró
- Fisiopatología Renal, CIBBIM, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Trilla
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thaïs Cuadros
- Fisiopatología Renal, CIBBIM, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés de Torres
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Plana
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Ramón Y Cajal
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Ruzzene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Juan Morote
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Meseguer
- Fisiopatología Renal, CIBBIM, VHIR, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Bioquimica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Instituto Reina Sofía de Investigación Nefrológica, Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo, Madrid, Spain.,Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Itarte
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica, Facultat de Biociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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17
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Chua MMJ, Lee M, Dominguez I. Cancer-type dependent expression of CK2 transcripts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188854. [PMID: 29206231 PMCID: PMC5714396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A multitude of proteins are aberrantly expressed in cancer cells, including the oncogenic serine-threonine kinase CK2. In a previous report, we found increases in CK2 transcript expression that could explain the increased CK2 protein levels found in tumors from lung and bronchus, prostate, breast, colon and rectum, ovarian and pancreatic cancers. We also found that, contrary to the current notions about CK2, some CK2 transcripts were downregulated in several cancers. Here, we investigate all other cancers using Oncomine to determine whether they also display significant CK2 transcript dysregulation. As anticipated from our previous analysis, we found cancers with all CK2 transcripts upregulated (e.g. cervical), and cancers where there was a combination of upregulation and/or downregulation of the CK2 transcripts (e.g. sarcoma). Unexpectedly, we found some cancers with significant downregulation of all CK2 transcripts (e.g. testicular cancer). We also found that, in some cases, CK2 transcript levels were already dysregulated in benign lesions (e.g. Barrett’s esophagus). We also found that CK2 transcript upregulation correlated with lower patient survival in most cases where data was significant. However, there were two cancer types, glioblastoma and renal cell carcinoma, where CK2 transcript upregulation correlated with higher survival. Overall, these data show that the expression levels of CK2 genes is highly variable in cancers and can lead to different patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M. J. Chua
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Migi Lee
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Manni S, Carrino M, Piazza F. Role of protein kinases CK1α and CK2 in multiple myeloma: regulation of pivotal survival and stress-managing pathways. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:157. [PMID: 28969692 PMCID: PMC5625791 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant tumor of transformed plasma cells. MM pathogenesis is a multistep process. This cancer can occur de novo (rarely) or it can develop from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (most of the cases). MM can be asymptomatic (smoldering myeloma) or clinically active. Malignant plasma cells exploit intrinsic and extrinsic bone marrow microenvironment-derived growth signals. Upregulation of stress-coping pathways is also instrumental to maintain MM cell growth. The phylogenetically related Ser/Thr kinases CSNK1A1 (CK1α) and CSNK2 (CK2) have recently gained a growing importance in hematologic malignancies arising both from precursors and from mature blood cells. In multiple myeloma, CK1α or CK2 sustain oncogenic cascades, such as the PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and NF-κB, as well as propel stress-related signaling that help in coping with different noxae. Data also suggest that these kinases modulate the delivery of growth factors and cytokines from the bone marrow stroma. The “non-oncogene addiction” phenotype generated by the increased activity of CK1α and CK2 in multiple myeloma contributes to malignant plasma cell proliferation and survival and represents an Achilles’ heel for the activity of small ATP competitive CK1α or CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Manni
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marilena Carrino
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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19
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Pizzi M, Agostinelli C, Righi S, Gazzola A, Mannu C, Galuppini F, Fassan M, Visentin A, Piazza F, Semenzato GC, Rugge M, Sabattini E. Aberrant expression of CD10 and BCL6 in mantle cell lymphoma. Histopathology 2017. [PMID: 28628241 DOI: 10.1111/his.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by distinctive histological and molecular features. Aberrant expression of BCL6 and CD10 has been reported occasionally, but the biological features of such cases are largely unknown. This study aimed to define the epidemiological, histological and cytogenetic characteristics of BCL6 and CD10-positive MCLs, also investigating possible biological features. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 165 cases of cyclin D1 and t(11;14)(q13;q34)-positive MCLs were studied for CD10 and BCL6 immunohistochemical expression, which was documented in 26 of 165 (15.8%) cases (BCL6 17 of 165; CD10 11 of 165; BCL6 and CD10 co-expression two of 165). CD10-positivity was significantly more frequent in females (63.3%; P < 0.01). Either expression correlated significantly with higher mean proliferation index and higher prevalence of MUM1 positivity (P < 0.05). Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) for BCL6 (3q27) gene derangements was performed on the BCL6- and CD10-positive cases and 98 matched controls: amplifications were documented more frequently in BCL6-positive than -negative cases (50.0% versus 19.4% of cases) (P < 0.05). The mutational status of the variable immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (IGVH) was investigated by Sanger sequencing: five of the six successfully tested cases (83.3%) showed no somatic hypermutations. CONCLUSIONS Aberrant CD10 and BCL6 expression defines a subset of MCLs with higher mean Ki-67 index and higher prevalence of MUM1 expression. BCL6 protein positivity correlates with cytogenetic aberrations involving the BCL6 gene. Although examined successfully in few cases, the high prevalence of unmutated IGVH genes also points at a pregerminal cell origin for these phenotypically aberrant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pizzi
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Haematopathology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology/Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Righi
- Haematopathology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology/Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Gazzola
- Haematopathology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology/Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Mannu
- Haematopathology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology/Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Galuppini
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Visentin
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piazza
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianpietro C Semenzato
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Haematopathology Unit, Department of Hematology and Oncology/Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Sant'Orsola University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
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20
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Gowda C, Soliman M, Kapadia M, Ding Y, Payne K, Dovat S. Casein Kinase II (CK2), Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) and Ikaros mediated regulation of leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2017. [PMID: 28623166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Signaling networks that regulate cellular proliferation often involve complex interactions between several signaling pathways. In this manuscript we review the crosstalk between the Casein Kinase II (CK2) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) pathways that plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular proliferation in leukemia. Both CK2 and GSK-3 are potential targets for anti-leukemia treatment. Previously published data suggest that CK2 and GSK-3 act synergistically to promote the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway via phosphorylation of PTEN. More recent data demonstrate another mechanism through which CK2 promotes the PI3K pathway - via transcriptional regulation of PI3K pathway genes by the newly-discovered CK2-Ikaros axis. Together, these data suggest that the CK2 and GSK-3 pathways regulate AKT/PI3K signaling in leukemia via two complementary mechanisms: a) direct phosphorylation of PTEN and b) transcriptional regulation of PI3K-promoting genes. Functional interactions between CK2, Ikaros and GSK3 define a novel signaling network that regulates proliferation of leukemia cells. This regulatory network involves both direct posttranslational modifications (by CK and GSK-3) and transcriptional regulation (via CK2-mediated phosphorylation of Ikaros). This information provides a basis for the development of targeted therapy for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
| | - Kimberly Payne
- Department of Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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21
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Chua MMJ, Ortega CE, Sheikh A, Lee M, Abdul-Rassoul H, Hartshorn KL, Dominguez I. CK2 in Cancer: Cellular and Biochemical Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Target. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:E18. [PMID: 28134850 PMCID: PMC5374422 DOI: 10.3390/ph10010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CK2 genes are overexpressed in many human cancers, and most often overexpression is associated with worse prognosis. Site-specific expression in mice leads to cancer development (e.g., breast, lymphoma) indicating the oncogenic nature of CK2. CK2 is involved in many key aspects of cancer including inhibition of apoptosis, modulation of signaling pathways, DNA damage response, and cell cycle regulation. A number of CK2 inhibitors are now available and have been shown to have activity against various cancers in vitro and in pre-clinical models. Some of these inhibitors are now undergoing exploration in clinical trials as well. In this review, we will examine some of the major cancers in which CK2 inhibition has promise based on in vitro and pre-clinical studies, the proposed cellular and signaling mechanisms of anti-cancer activity by CK2 inhibitors, and the current or recent clinical trials using CK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M J Chua
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Charina E Ortega
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Ayesha Sheikh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Migi Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Hussein Abdul-Rassoul
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Isabel Dominguez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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22
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Rozovski U, Harris DM, Li P, Liu Z, Jain P, Veletic I, Ferrajoli A, Burger J, O'Brien S, Bose P, Thompson P, Jain N, Wierda W, Keating MJ, Estrov Z. Constitutive Phosphorylation of STAT3 by the CK2-BLNK-CD5 Complex. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:610-618. [PMID: 28130399 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), STAT3 is constitutively phosphorylated on serine 727 and plays a role in the pathobiology of CLL. However, what induces constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3 is currently unknown. Mass spectrometry was used to identify casein kinase 2 (CK2), a serine/threonine kinase that coimmunoprecipitated with serine phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3). Furthermore, activated CK2 incubated with recombinant STAT3 induced phosphorylation of STAT3 on serine 727. Although STAT3 and CK2 are present in normal B- and T cells, STAT3 is not constitutively phosphorylated in these cells. Further study found that CD5 and BLNK coexpressed in CLL, but not in normal B- or T cells, are required for STAT3 phosphorylation. To elucidate the relationship of CD5 and BLNK to CK2 and STAT3, STAT3 was immunoprecipitated from CLL cells, and CK2, CD5, and BLNK were detected in the immunoprecipitate. Conversely, STAT3, CD5, and BLNK were in the immunoprecipitate of CLL cells immunoprecipitated with CK2 antibodies. Furthermore, siRNA knockdown of CD5 or BLNK, or treatment with CD5-neutralizing antibodies significantly reduced the levels of serine pSTAT3 in CLL cells. Finally, confocal microscopy determined that CD5 is cell membrane bound, and fractionation studies revealed that the CK2/CD5/BLNK/STAT3 complex remains in the cytoplasm, whereas serine pSTAT3 is shuttled to the nucleus.Implications: These data show that the cellular proteins CK2, CD5, and BLNK are required for constitutive phosphorylation of STAT3 in CLL. Whether this protein complex phosphorylates other proteins or inhibiting its activity would have clinical benefit in patients has yet to be determined. Mol Cancer Res; 15(5); 610-8. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Rozovski
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Division of Hematology, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David M Harris
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Preetesh Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ivo Veletic
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alessandra Ferrajoli
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jan Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Susan O'Brien
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Philip Thompson
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William Wierda
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael J Keating
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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23
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Takahashi K, Setoguchi T, Tsuru A, Saitoh Y, Nagano S, Ishidou Y, Maeda S, Furukawa T, Komiya S. Inhibition of casein kinase 2 prevents growth of human osteosarcoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:1141-1147. [PMID: 27959425 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose chemotherapy and surgical treatment have improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma. However, more than 20% of patients with osteosarcoma still have a poor prognosis. We investigated the expression and function of casein kinase 2 (CK2) in osteosarcoma growth. We then examined the effects of CX-4945, a CK2 inhibitor, on osteosarcoma growth in vitro and in vivo to apply our findings to the clinical setting. We examined the expression of CK2α and CK2β by western blot analysis, and performed WST-1 assays using CK2α and CK2β siRNA or CX-4945. Flow cytometry and western blot analyses were performed to evaluate apoptotic cell death. Xenograft models were used to examine the effect of CX-4945 in vivo. Western blot analysis revealed upregulation of CK2α and CK2β in human osteosarcoma cell lines compared with human osteoblast cells or mesenchymal stem cells. WST assay showed that knockdown of CK2α or CK2β by siRNA inhibited the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells. Treatment with 3 µM of CX-4945 inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation; however, the same concentration of CX-4945 did not affect the proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Additionally, treatment with CX-4945 inhibited the proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot and flow cytometry analyses showed that treatment with CX-4945 promoted apoptotic death of osteosarcoma cells. The xenograft model showed that treatment with CX-4945 significantly prevented osteosarcoma growth in vivo compared with control vehicle treatment. Our findings indicate that CK2 may be an attractive therapeutic target for treating osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takao Setoguchi
- The Near-Future Locomotor Organ Medicine Creation Course (Kusunoki Kai), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Arisa Tsuru
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Saitoh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishidou
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shingo Maeda
- Department of Medical Joint Materials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Center for the Research of Advanced Diagnosis and Therapy of Cancer, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Setsuro Komiya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
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24
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Pizzi M, Fuligni F, Santoro L, Sabattini E, Ichino M, De Vito R, Zucchetta P, Colombatti R, Sainati L, Gamba P, Alaggio R. Spleen histology in children with sickle cell disease and hereditary spherocytosis: hints on the disease pathophysiology. Hum Pathol 2016; 60:95-103. [PMID: 27771375 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) and sickle cell disease (SCD) are associated with splenomegaly and spleen dysfunction in pediatric patients. Scant data exist on possible correlations between spleen morphology and function in HS and SCD. This study aimed to assess the histologic and morphometric features of HS and SCD spleens, to get possible correlations with disease pathophysiology. In a large series of spleens from SCD, HS, and control patients, the following parameters were considered: (i) macroscopic features, (ii) lymphoid follicle (LF) density, (iii) presence of perifollicular marginal zones, (iv) presence of Gamna-Gandy bodies, (v) density of CD8-positive sinusoids, (vi) density of CD34-positive microvessels, (vii) presence/distribution of fibrosis and smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive myoid cells, and (viii) density of CD68-positive macrophages. SCD and HS spleens had similar macroscopic features. SCD spleens had lower LF density and fewer marginal zones than did HS spleens and controls. SCD also showed lower CD8-positive sinusoid density, increased CD34-positive microvessel density and SMA-positive myoid cells, and higher prevalence of fibrosis and Gamna-Gandy bodies. HS had lower LF and CD8-positive sinusoid density than did controls. No significant differences were noted in red pulp macrophages. By multivariate analysis, most HS spleens clustered with controls, whereas SCD grouped separately. A multiparametric score could predict the degree of spleen changes irrespective of the underlying disease. In conclusion, SCD spleens display greater histologic effacement than HS, and SCD-related changes suggest impaired function due to vascular damage. These observations may contribute to guide the clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pizzi
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Fuligni
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Luisa Santoro
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Hematopathology Unit, Sant'Orsola/Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Ichino
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Rita De Vito
- Department of Pathology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Zucchetta
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaella Colombatti
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Sainati
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Gamba
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
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25
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Gowda C, Song C, Kapadia M, Payne JL, Hu T, Ding Y, Dovat S. Regulation of cellular proliferation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by Casein Kinase II (CK2) and Ikaros. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:71-80. [PMID: 27666503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The IKZF1 gene encodes the Ikaros protein, a zinc finger transcriptional factor that acts as a master regulator of hematopoiesis and a tumor suppressor in leukemia. Impaired activity of Ikaros is associated with the development of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with a poor prognosis. The molecular mechanisms that regulate Ikaros' function as a tumor suppressor and regulator of cellular proliferation are not well understood. We demonstrated that Ikaros is a substrate for Casein Kinase II (CK2), an oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in ALL. Phosphorylation of Ikaros by CK2 impairs Ikaros' DNA-binding ability, as well as Ikaros' ability to regulate gene expression and function as a tumor suppressor in leukemia. Targeting CK2 with specific inhibitors restores Ikaros' function as a transcriptional regulator and tumor suppressor resulting in a therapeutic, anti-leukemia effect in a preclinical model of ALL. Here, we review the genes and pathways that are regulated by Ikaros and the molecular mechanisms through which Ikaros and CK2 regulate cellular proliferation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Malika Kapadia
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Tommy Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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26
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Zhang HX, Jiang SS, Zhang XF, Zhou ZQ, Pan QZ, Chen CL, Zhao JJ, Tang Y, Xia JC, Weng DS. Protein kinase CK2α catalytic subunit is overexpressed and serves as an unfavorable prognostic marker in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34800-17. [PMID: 26430962 PMCID: PMC4741491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase CK2 alpha (CK2α), one isoform of the catalytic subunit of serine/threonine kinase CK2, has been indicated to participate in tumorigenesis of various malignancies. We conducted this study to investigate the biological significances of CK2α expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Real-time quantitative polymerase and western blotting analyses revealed that CK2α expression was significantly increased at mRNA and protein levels in HCC tissues. Immunohistochemical analyses indicated that amplified expression of CK2α was highly correlated with poor prognosis. And functional analyses (cell proliferation and colony formation assays, cell migration and invasion assays, cell cycle and apoptosis assays) found that CK2α promoted cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, as well as inhibited apoptosis in hepatoma cell lines in vitro. CK2α-silenced resulted in significant apoptosis in cells that was demonstrated been associated with downregulation of expression of Bcl-2, p-AKT (ser473) and upregulation of expression of total P53, p-P53, Bax, caspase3 and cleaved-caspase3 in HCC cells. In addition, experiments with a mouse model revealed that the stimulative effect of CK2α on tumorigenesis in nude mice. Our results suggest that CK2α might play an oncogenic role in HCC, and therefore it could serve as a biomarker for prognostic and therapeutic applications in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Jiang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qi Zhou
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Zhong Pan
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Long Chen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Tang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - De-Sheng Weng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Cafferata B, Pizzi M, D'Amico F, Mescoli C, Alaggio R. Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation of the spleen, focal nodular hyperplasia and hemangioma of the liver: A tale of three lesions. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:855-8. [PMID: 27450658 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation (SANT) of the spleen is a benign vascular lesion with peculiar histological features. The pathogenesis of SANT is still largely unknown and variable etiologies have been proposed, including autoimmune, inflammatory, and/or vascular disorders. The present report describes a unique case of splenic SANT, associated with focal nodular hyperplasia and a sclerosing hemangioma of the liver. The clinic-pathological features of such an unusual case are thoroughly illustrated. Its possible pathogenic mechanisms are also briefly addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Cafferata
- General Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- General Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Francesco D'Amico
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Mescoli
- General Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rita Alaggio
- General Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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28
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Mandato E, Manni S, Zaffino F, Semenzato G, Piazza F. Targeting CK2-driven non-oncogene addiction in B-cell tumors. Oncogene 2016; 35:6045-6052. [PMID: 27041560 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mutations of oncogenes often underlie deranged cell growth and altered differentiation pathways leading to malignant transformation of B-lymphocytes. However, addiction to oncogenes is not the only drive to lymphoid tumor pathogenesis. Dependence on non-oncogenes, which act by propelling basic mechanisms of cell proliferation and survival, has also been recognized in the pathobiology of lymphoid leukemias, lymphomas and multiple myeloma. Among the growing number of molecules that may uphold non-oncogene addiction, a key place is increasingly being recognized to the serine-threonine kinase CK2. This enzyme is overexpressed and overactive in B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia, multiple myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, such as mantle cell, follicular, Burkitt's and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. In these tumors, CK2 may serve the activity of oncogenes, similar to BCR-ABL and c-MYC, control the activation of critical signaling cascades, such as NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and PTEN/PI3K/AKT (phosphatase and tensin homolog protein/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKR thymoma), and sustain multiple cellular stress-elicited pathways, such as the proteotoxic stress, unfolded protein and DNA-damage responses. CK2 has also been shown to have an essential role in tuning signals derived from the stromal tumor microenvironment. Not surprisingly, targeting CK2 in lymphoid tumor cell lines or mouse xenograft models can boost the cytotoxic effects of both conventional chemotherapeutics and novel agents, similar to heat-shock protein 90, proteasome and tyrosine kinases inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the evidence indicating how CK2 embodies most of the features of a cancer growth-promoting non-oncogene, focusing on lymphoid tumors. We further discuss the preclinical data of the use of small ATP-competitive CK2 inhibitors, which hold the promise to be additional options in novel drug combinations for the therapy of lymphoid and plasmacellular malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mandato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - S Manni
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - F Zaffino
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - G Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - F Piazza
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Branch, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
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29
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Plumbagin exerts an immunosuppressive effect on human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia MOLT-4 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 473:272-277. [PMID: 27018383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Of the hematological disorders typified by poor prognoses and survival rates, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is one of the most commonly diagnosed. Despite the development of new therapeutic agents, the treatment options for this cancer remain limited. In this manuscript, we investigated the anti-proliferative effects of plumbagin, mediated by the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and inhibition of NF-κB signaling; the human T-ALL MOLT-4 cell line was used as our experimental system. Plumbagin is a natural, plant derived compound, which exerts an anti-proliferative activity against many types of human cancer. Our experiments confirm that plumbagin induces a caspase-dependent apoptosis of MOLT-4 cells, with no significant cytotoxicity seen for normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Plumbagin also inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of p65, and the transcription of NF-κB target genes. Our results now show that plumbagin is a potent inhibitor of the NF-κB signaling pathway, and suppressor of T-ALL cell proliferation.
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30
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German P, Bai S, Liu XD, Sun M, Zhou L, Kalra S, Zhang X, Minelli R, Scott KL, Mills GB, Jonasch E, Ding Z. Phosphorylation-dependent cleavage regulates von Hippel Lindau proteostasis and function. Oncogene 2016; 35:4973-80. [PMID: 26973240 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Loss of von Hippel Lindau (VHL) protein function is a key driver of VHL diseases, including sporadic and inherited clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Modulation of the proteostasis of VHL, especially missense point-mutated VHL, is a promising approach to augmenting VHL levels and function. VHL proteostasis is regulated by multiple mechanisms including folding, chaperone binding, complex formation and phosphorylation. Nevertheless, many details underlying the regulations of VHL proteostasis are unknown. VHL is expressed as two variants, VHL30 and VHL19. Furthermore, the long-form variant of VHL was often detected as multiple bands by western blotting. However, how these multiple species of VHL are generated and whether the process regulates VHL proteostasis and function are unknown. We hypothesized that the two major species are generated by VHL protein cleavage, and the cleavage regulates VHL proteostasis and subsequent function. We characterized VHL species using genetical and pharmacological approaches and showed that VHL was first cleaved at the N-terminus by chymotrypsin C before being directed for proteasomal degradation. Casein kinase 2-mediated phosphorylation at VHL N-terminus was required for the cleavage. Furthermore, inhibition of cleavage stabilized VHL protein and thereby promoted HIF downregulation. Our study reveals a novel mechanism regulating VHL proteostasis and function, which is significant for identifying new drug targets and developing new therapeutic approaches targeting VHL deficiency in VHL diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P German
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Bai
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - X-D Liu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - M Sun
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Kalra
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - R Minelli
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K L Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - G B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Z Ding
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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31
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Astone M, Pizzi M, Peron M, Domenichini A, Guzzardo V, Töchterle S, Tiso N, Rugge M, Meyer D, Argenton F, Vettori A. A GFP-Tagged Gross Deletion on Chromosome 1 Causes Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors and Carcinomas in Zebrafish. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145178. [PMID: 26695815 PMCID: PMC4687860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are highly aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas, characterized by complex karyotypes. The molecular bases of such malignancy are poorly understood and efficient targeted molecular therapies are currently lacking. Here we describe a novel zebrafish model of MPNSTs, represented by the transgenic mutant line Tg(-8.5nkx2.2a:GFP)ia2. ia2 homozygous animals displayed embryonic lethality by 72 hpf, while the heterozygotes develop visible tumor masses with high frequency in adulthood. Histological and immunohistochemical examination revealed aggressive tumors with either mesenchymal or epithelial features. The former (54% of the cases) arose either in the abdominal cavity, or as intrathecal/intraspinal lesions and is composed of cytokeratin-negative spindle cells with fascicular/storiform growth pattern consistent with zebrafish MPNSTs. The second histotype was composed by polygonal or elongated cells, immunohistochemically positive for the pan-cytokeratin AE1/AE3. The overall histologic and immunohistochemical features were consistent with a malignant epithelial neoplasm of possible gastrointestinal/pancreatic origin. With an integrated approach, based on microsatellite (VNTR) and STS markers, we showed that ia2 insertion, in Tg(-8.5nkx2.2a:GFP)ia2 embryos, is associated with a deletion of 15.2 Mb in the telomeric portion of chromosome 1. Interestingly, among ia2 deleted genes we identified the presence of the 40S ribosomal protein S6 gene that may be one of the possible drivers for the MPNSTs in ia2 mutants. Thanks to the peculiar features of zebrafish as animal model of human cancer (cellular and genomic similarity, transparency and prolificacy) and the GFP tag, the Tg(-8.5nkx2.2a:GFP)ia2 line provides a manageable tool to study in vivo with high frequency MPNST biology and genetics, and to identify, in concert with the existing zebrafish MPNST models, conserved relevant mechanisms in zebrafish and human cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Astone
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- General Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincenza Guzzardo
- General Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sonja Töchterle
- Institute for Molecular Biology/ CMBI, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascia Tiso
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Massimo Rugge
- General Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute for Molecular Biology/ CMBI, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Andrea Vettori
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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32
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The Selectivity of CK2 Inhibitor Quinalizarin: A Reevaluation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:734127. [PMID: 26558278 PMCID: PMC4628998 DOI: 10.1155/2015/734127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many polyphenolic compounds have been reported to inhibit protein kinases, with special reference to CK2, a pleiotropic serine/threonine kinase, implicated in neoplasia, neurodegenerative disease, and viral infections. In general however these compounds are not endowed with stringent selectivity. Among them quinalizarin (1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone) turned out to be particularly potent (Ki = 0.058 μM) and quite selective as judged by profiling it on a small panel of 70 protein kinases. Here, by profiling quinalizarin on a larger panel of 140 kinases we reach the conclusion that quinalizarin is one of the most selective inhibitors of CK2, superior to the first-in-class CK2 inhibitor, CX-4945, now in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Moreover here we show that quinalizarin is able to discriminate between the isolated CK2 catalytic subunit (CK2α) and CK2 holoenzyme (CK2α2 β2), consistent with in silico and in vitro analyses.
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