1
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Guo Y, Wu H, Wiesmüller L, Chen M. Canonical and non-canonical functions of p53 isoforms: potentiating the complexity of tumor development and therapy resistance. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:412. [PMID: 38866752 PMCID: PMC11169513 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Full-length p53 (p53α) plays a pivotal role in maintaining genomic integrity and preventing tumor development. Over the years, p53 was found to exist in various isoforms, which are generated through alternative splicing, alternative initiation of translation, and internal ribosome entry site. p53 isoforms, either C-terminally altered or N-terminally truncated, exhibit distinct biological roles compared to p53α, and have significant implications for tumor development and therapy resistance. Due to a lack of part and/or complete C- or N-terminal domains, ectopic expression of some p53 isoforms failed to induce expression of canonical transcriptional targets of p53α like CDKN1A or MDM2, even though they may bind their promoters. Yet, p53 isoforms like Δ40p53α still activate subsets of targets including MDM2 and BAX. Furthermore, certain p53 isoforms transactivate even novel targets compared to p53α. More recently, non-canonical functions of p53α in DNA repair and of different isoforms in DNA replication unrelated to transcriptional activities were discovered, amplifying the potential of p53 as a master regulator of physiological and tumor suppressor functions in human cells. Both regarding canonical and non-canonical functions, alternative p53 isoforms frequently exert dominant negative effects on p53α and its partners, which is modified by the relative isoform levels. Underlying mechanisms include hetero-oligomerization, changes in subcellular localization, and aggregation. These processes ultimately influence the net activities of p53α and give rise to diverse cellular outcomes. Biological roles of p53 isoforms have implications for tumor development and cancer therapy resistance. Dysregulated expression of isoforms has been observed in various cancer types and is associated with different clinical outcomes. In conclusion, p53 isoforms have expanded our understanding of the complex regulatory network involving p53 in tumors. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying the biological roles of p53 isoforms provides new avenues for studies aiming at a better understanding of tumor development and developing therapeutic interventions to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hang Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lisa Wiesmüller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Xiong N, Wu H, Yu Z. Advancements and challenges in triple-negative breast cancer: a comprehensive review of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1405491. [PMID: 38863622 PMCID: PMC11165151 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1405491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses significant challenges in oncology due to its aggressive nature, limited treatment options, and poorer prognosis compared to other breast cancer subtypes. This comprehensive review examines the therapeutic and diagnostic landscape of TNBC, highlighting current strategies, emerging therapies, and future directions. Targeted therapies, including PARP inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and EGFR inhibitors, hold promise for personalized treatment approaches. Challenges in identifying novel targets, exploring combination therapies, and developing predictive biomarkers must be addressed to optimize targeted therapy in TNBC. Immunotherapy represents a transformative approach in TNBC treatment, yet challenges in biomarker identification, combination strategies, and overcoming resistance persist. Precision medicine approaches offer opportunities for tailored treatment based on tumor biology, but integration of multi-omics data and clinical implementation present challenges requiring innovative solutions. Despite these challenges, ongoing research efforts and collaborative initiatives offer hope for improving outcomes and advancing treatment strategies in TNBC. By addressing the complexities of TNBC biology and developing effective therapeutic approaches, personalized treatments can be realized, ultimately enhancing the lives of TNBC patients. Continued research, clinical trials, and interdisciplinary collaborations are essential for realizing this vision and making meaningful progress in TNBC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nating Xiong
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
| | - Heming Wu
- Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, China
| | - Zhikang Yu
- Research Experiment Centre, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technological Research Centre of Clinical Molecular Diagnosis and Antibody Drugs, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, China
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3
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Bottoni L, Minetti A, Realini G, Pio E, Giustarini D, Rossi R, Rocchio C, Franci L, Salvini L, Catona O, D'Aurizio R, Rasa M, Giurisato E, Neri F, Orlandini M, Chiariello M, Galvagni F. NRF2 activation by cysteine as a survival mechanism for triple-negative breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2024; 43:1701-1713. [PMID: 38600165 PMCID: PMC11136656 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive and heterogeneous group of tumors. In order to develop effective therapeutic strategies, it is therefore essential to identify the subtype-specific molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression and resistance to chemotherapy. TNBC cells are highly dependent on exogenous cystine, provided by overexpression of the cystine/glutamate antiporter SLC7A11/xCT, to fuel glutathione synthesis and promote an oxidative stress response consistent with their high metabolic demands. Here we show that TNBC cells of the mesenchymal stem-like subtype (MSL) utilize forced cystine uptake to induce activation of the transcription factor NRF2 and promote a glutathione-independent mechanism to defend against oxidative stress. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that NRF2 activation is mediated by direct cysteinylation of the inhibitor KEAP1. Furthermore, we show that cystine-mediated NRF2 activation induces the expression of important genes involved in oxidative stress response, but also in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stem-like phenotype. Remarkably, in survival analysis, four upregulated genes (OSGIN1, RGS17, SRXN1, AKR1B10) are negative prognostic markers for TNBC. Finally, expression of exogenous OSGIN1, similarly to expression of exogenous NRF2, can prevent cystine depletion-dependent death of MSL TNBC cells. The results suggest that the cystine/NRF2/OSGIN1 axis is a potential target for effective treatment of MSL TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bottoni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Minetti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
| | - Giulia Realini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Pio
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Giustarini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Ranieri Rossi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Rocchio
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franci
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Core Research Laboratory, Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Orazio Catona
- Institute of Informatics and Telematics (IIT), CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Mahdi Rasa
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Emanuele Giurisato
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Neri
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Jena, Germany
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Orlandini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) and Core Research Laboratory, Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Federico Galvagni
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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4
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Rainone P, Valtorta S, Villa C, Todde S, Cadamuro M, Bertoli G, Conconi D, Lavitrano M, Moresco RM. Evaluating [ 18F]FDG and [ 18F]FLT Radiotracers as Biomarkers of Response for Combined Therapy Outcome in Triple-Negative and Estrogen-Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14124. [PMID: 37762429 PMCID: PMC10532149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer and the second leading cause of death in women. A typical feature of BC cells is the metabolic shift toward increased glycolysis, which has become an interesting therapeutic target for metabolic drugs such as metformin (MET). Recently, the administration of the antihypertensive syrosingopine (SYRO) in combination with MET has shown a synergistic effect toward a variety of cancers. However, a fundamental need remains, which is the development of in vivo biomarkers that are able to detect early clinical response. In this study, we exploited a triple-negative murine BC cell line (4T1) and a metastatic ER+ murine BC cell line (TS/A) in order to investigate, in vivo, the early response to treatment, based on MET and/or SYRO administration, evaluating [18F]FDG and [18F]FLT as potential biomarkers via PET/CT. The study provides evidence that SYRO plus MET has a synergistic effect on tumor growth inhibition in both 4T1 and TS/A experimental models and has showed the highest efficacy on the TNBC xenograft mice (4T1) via the expression reduction in the lactate transporter MCT4 and in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarker Snail, promoting its potential application in therapy settings. In addition, the selective reduction in the [18F]FLT tumor uptake (at 7 dd), observed in the SYRO plus MET treated mice in comparison with the vehicle group, suggests that this radiotracer could be potentially used as a biomarker for the early detection of therapy response, in both evaluated xenografts models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rainone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
- NBFC National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Villa
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Sergio Todde
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
- Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20126 Monza, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cadamuro
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy;
- General Internal Medicine Unit, Padua University-Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
- NBFC National Biodiversity Future Center, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Donatella Conconi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Marialuisa Lavitrano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (P.R.); (C.V.); (S.T.); (D.C.); (M.L.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), 20054 Segrate, Italy;
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5
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Doha ZO, Wang X, Calistri NL, Eng J, Daniel CJ, Ternes L, Kim EN, Pelz C, Munks M, Betts C, Kwon S, Bucher E, Li X, Waugh T, Tatarova Z, Blumberg D, Ko A, Kirchberger N, Pietenpol JA, Sanders ME, Langer EM, Dai MS, Mills G, Chin K, Chang YH, Coussens LM, Gray JW, Heiser LM, Sears RC. MYC Deregulation and PTEN Loss Model Tumor and Stromal Heterogeneity of Aggressive Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5665. [PMID: 37704631 PMCID: PMC10499828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have a poor prognosis and few treatment options. Mouse models of TNBC are important for development of new therapies, however, few mouse models represent the complexity of TNBC. Here, we develop a female TNBC murine model by mimicking two common TNBC mutations with high co-occurrence: amplification of the oncogene MYC and deletion of the tumor suppressor PTEN. This Myc;Ptenfl model develops heterogeneous triple-negative mammary tumors that display histological and molecular features commonly found in human TNBC. Our research involves deep molecular and spatial analyses on Myc;Ptenfl tumors including bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing, and multiplex tissue-imaging. Through comparison with human TNBC, we demonstrate that this genetic mouse model develops mammary tumors with differential survival and therapeutic responses that closely resemble the inter- and intra-tumoral and microenvironmental heterogeneity of human TNBC, providing a pre-clinical tool for assessing the spectrum of patient TNBC biology and drug response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinab O Doha
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of medical laboratory technology, Taibah University, Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicholas L Calistri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer Eng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Colin J Daniel
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Luke Ternes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eun Na Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Carl Pelz
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Michael Munks
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Courtney Betts
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Sunjong Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Elmar Bucher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Xi Li
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Trent Waugh
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Zuzana Tatarova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dylan Blumberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Aaron Ko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nell Kirchberger
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jennifer A Pietenpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Melinda E Sanders
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ellen M Langer
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mu-Shui Dai
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gordon Mills
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Oncologic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Koei Chin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Joe W Gray
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Laura M Heiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- OHSU Center for Spatial Systems Biomedicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rosalie C Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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6
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Vtorushin S, Dulesova A, Krakhmal N. Luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtype of triple-negative breast cancer: molecular, morphological, and clinical features. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:617-624. [PMID: 35953756 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
According to the classification presented by Lehmann BD (2016), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors with four specific subtypes: basal-like (subtype 1 and subtype 2), mesenchymal, and luminal androgen receptor (LAR) subtypes. The basal-like subtypes of carcinomas predominate in this group, accounting for up to 80% of all cases. Despite the significantly lower proportions of mesenchymal and LAR variants in the group of breast carcinomas with a TNBC profile, such tumors are characterized by aggressive biological behavior. To this end, the LAR subtype is of particular interest, since the literature on such tumors presents different and even contradictory data concerning the disease course and prognosis. This review is devoted to the analysis of the relevant literature, reflecting the main results of studies on the molecular properties and clinical features of the disease course of LAR-type TNBC carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Vtorushin
- Department of Pathology, Siberian State Medical University Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk 634050, Russia.,Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia
| | - Anastasia Dulesova
- Department of Pathology, Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary Ministry of Health, Tatarstan Republic, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Krakhmal
- Department of Pathology, Siberian State Medical University Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk 634050, Russia. .,Department of General and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634009, Russia.
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7
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Bano I, Horky P, Abbas SQ, Majid M, Bilal AHM, Ali F, Behl T, Hassan SSU, Bungau S. Ferroptosis: A New Road towards Cancer Management. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072129. [PMID: 35408533 PMCID: PMC9000380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently described programmed cell death mechanism that is characterized by the buildup of iron (Fe)-dependent lipid peroxides in cells and is morphologically, biochemically, and genetically distinct from other forms of cell death, having emerged to play an important role in cancer biology. Ferroptosis has significant importance during cancer treatment because of the combination of factors, including suppression of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4), cysteine deficiency, and arachidonoyl (AA) peroxidation, which cause cells to undergo ferroptosis. However, the physiological significance of ferroptosis throughout development is still not fully understood. This current review is focused on the factors and molecular mechanisms with the diagrammatic illustrations of ferroptosis that have a role in the initiation and sensitivity of ferroptosis in various malignancies. This knowledge will open a new road for research in oncology and cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Bano
- Faculty of Bio-Sciences, SBBUVAS, Sakrand 67210, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Pavel Horky
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Forage Production, Mendel University in Brno, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Department of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Akram Hafiz Muhammad Bilal
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Fawad Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan;
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India;
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (S.S.u.H.); (S.B.)
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8
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Messaoudi S, Al Sharhan N, Alharthi B, Babu S, Alsaleh A, Alasiri A, Assidi M, Buhmeida A, Almawi W. Detection of genetic mutations in patients with breast cancer from Saudi Arabia using Ion AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel v.2.0. Biomed Rep 2022; 16:26. [PMID: 35251613 PMCID: PMC8889543 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-Generation Sequencing allows for quick and precise sequencing of multiple genes concurrently. Recently, this technology has been employed for the identification of novel gene mutations responsible for disease manifestation among breast cancer (BC) patients, the most common type of cancer amongst Arabian women, and the major cause of disease-associated death in women worldwide. Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 32 Saudi Arabian BC patients with histologically confirmed invasive BC stages I-III and IV, as well from 32 healthy Saudi Arabian women using a QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit. The isolated DNA was quantified using a Qubit™ dsDNA BR Assay Kit with a Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer. Ion semiconductor sequencing technology with an Ion S5 System and AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 were utilized to analyze ~2,800 mutations described in the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer from 50 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Ion Reporter Software v.5.6 was used to evaluate the genomic alterations in all the samples after alignment to the hg19 human reference genome. The results showed that out of the 50 genes, 26 mutations, including 17 (65%) missense point mutations (single nucleotide variants), and 9 (35%) frameshift (insertion/deletion) mutations, were identified in 11 genes across the cohort in 61 samples (95%). Mutations were predominantly focused on two genes, PIK3CA and TP53, in the BC genomes of the sample set. PIK3CA mutation, c.1173A>G located in exon 9, was identified in 15 patients (46.9%). The TP53 mutations detected were a missense mutation (c.215C>G) in 26 patients (86.70%) and 1 frameshift mutation (c.215_216insG) in 1 patient (3.33%), located within exon 3 and 5, respectively. This study revealed specific mutation profiles for every BC patient, Thus, the results showed that Ion Torrent DNA Sequencing technology may be a possible diagnostic and prognostic method for developing personalized therapy based on the patient's individual BC genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Messaoudi
- Department of Forensic Science, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourah Al Sharhan
- Department of Forensic Science, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alharthi
- Department of Surgery, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saranya Babu
- Department of Forensic Science, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Alsaleh
- Department of Forensic Science, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud Alasiri
- Department of Forensic Science, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences, Riyadh 11452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mourad Assidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelbaset Buhmeida
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wassim Almawi
- Faculty of Sciences, El‑Manar University, 1068 Tunis, Tunisia
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9
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Lee S, Yul Kim H, Joo Jung Y, Shin Jung C, Im D, Yeon Kim J, Min Lee S, Hwan Oh S. Comparison of mutational profiles between triple-negative and hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancers in T2N0-1M0 stage: Implications of TP53 and PIK3CA mutations in Korean early-stage breast cancers. Curr Probl Cancer 2022; 46:100843. [DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2022.100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Park JH, Han HS, Lim SD, Kim WY, Park KS, Yoo YB, Lee SE, Kim WS. Fatty acid synthetase expression in triple-negative breast cancer. J Pathol Transl Med 2022; 56:73-80. [PMID: 35051326 PMCID: PMC8935000 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2021.10.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a relatively poor prognosis. Research has identified potential metabolic targets, including fatty acid metabolism, in TNBC. The absence of effective target therapies for TNBC led to exploration of the role of fatty acid synthetase (FASN) as a potential target for TNBC therapy. Here, we analyzed the expression of FASN, a representative lipid metabolism–related protein, and investigated the association between FASN expression and Ki-67 and the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) biomarkers in TNBC. Methods Immunohistochemical expression of FASN was analyzed in 166 patients with TNBC. For analytical purposes, patients with 0–1+ FASN staining were grouped as low-grade FASN and patients with 2–3+ FASN staining as high-grade FASN. Results FASN expression was observed in 47.1% of TNBC patients. Low and high expression of FASN was identified in 75.9% and 24.1%, respectively, and no statistically significant difference was found in T category, N category, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, or recurrence rate between the low and high-FASN expression groups. Ki-67 proliferation level was significantly different between the low and high-FASN expression groups. FASN expression was significantly related to Ki-67 as the level increased. There was no significant difference in PD-L1 positivity between the low- and high-FASN expression groups. Conclusions We identified FASN expression in 166 TNBC patients. The Ki-67 proliferation index was positively correlated with FASN level, indicating higher proliferation activity as FASN increases. However, there was no statistical association with PD-L1 SP142, the currently FDA-approved assay, or FASN expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Park
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Seung Han
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Dug Lim
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook Youn Kim
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sik Park
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bum Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wan-Seop Kim
- Department of Pathology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Fuh KF, Shepherd RD, Withell JS, Kooistra BK, Rinker KD. Fluid flow exposure promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and adhesion of breast cancer cells to endothelial cells. Breast Cancer Res 2021; 23:97. [PMID: 34641959 PMCID: PMC8507133 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-021-01473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical interactions between tumor cells and microenvironments are frequent phenomena during breast cancer progression, however, it is not well understood how these interactions affect Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). EMT is associated with the progression of most carcinomas through induction of new transcriptional programs within affected epithelial cells, resulting in cells becoming more motile and adhesive to endothelial cells. METHODS MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, BT-474, and MCF-7 cells and normal Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (HMECs) were exposed to fluid flow in a parallel-plate bioreactor system. Changes in expression were quantified using microarrays, qPCR, immunocytochemistry, and western blots. Gene-gene interactions were elucidated using network analysis, and key modified genes were examined in clinical datasets. Potential involvement of Smads was investigated using siRNA knockdown studies. Finally, the ability of flow-stimulated and unstimulated cancer cells to adhere to an endothelial monolayer, migrate and invade membrane pores was evaluated in flow and static adhesion experiments. RESULTS Fluid flow stimulation resulted in upregulation of EMT inducers and downregulation of repressors. Specifically, Vimentin and Snail were upregulated both at the gene and protein expression levels in flow stimulated HMECs and MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting progression towards an EMT phenotype. Flow-stimulated SNAI2 was abrogated with Smad3 siRNA. Flow-induced overexpression of a panel of cell adhesion genes was also observed. Network analysis revealed genes involved in cell flow responses including FN1, PLAU, and ALCAM. When evaluated in clinical datasets, overexpression of FN1, PLAU, and ALCAM was observed in patients with different subtypes of breast cancer. We also observed increased adhesion, migration and invasion of flow-stimulated breast cancer cells compared to unstimulated controls. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that fluid forces on the order of 1 Pa promote EMT and adhesion of breast cancer cells to an endothelial monolayer and identified biomarkers were distinctly expressed in patient populations. A better understanding of how biophysical forces such as shear stress affect cellular processes involved in metastatic progression of breast cancer is important for identifying new molecular markers for disease progression, and for predicting metastatic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth F Fuh
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Robert D Shepherd
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jessica S Withell
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Brayden K Kooistra
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kristina D Rinker
- Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering Research Lab, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada. .,Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. .,Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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12
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Chowdhury P, Ghosh U, Samanta K, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. Bioactive nanotherapeutic trends to combat triple negative breast cancer. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:3269-3287. [PMID: 33778204 PMCID: PMC7970221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The management of aggressive breast cancer, particularly, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a formidable challenge, despite treatment advancement. Although newer therapies such as atezolizumab, olaparib, and sacituzumab can tackle the breast cancer prognosis and/or progression, but achieved limited survival benefit(s). The current research efforts are aimed to develop and implement strategies for improved bioavailability, targetability, reduce systemic toxicity, and enhance therapeutic outcome of FDA-approved treatment regimen. This review presents various nanoparticle technology mediated delivery of chemotherapeutic agent(s) for breast cancer treatment. This article also documents novel strategies to employ cellular and cell membrane cloaked (biomimetic) nanoparticles for effective clinical translation. These technologies offer a safe and active targeting nanomedicine for effective management of breast cancer, especially TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallabita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Upasana Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Kamalika Samanta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
- South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX, USA
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13
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Deng F, Weng Y, Li X, Wang T, Fan M, Shi Q. Overexpression of IL-8 promotes cell migration via PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and EMT in triple-negative breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 223:152824. [PMID: 34000674 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of malignant and heterogeneous tumor in premenopausal females with ineffective therapeutic targets. IL-8 is one of the earliest discovered chemotaxis cytokines which expression is closely related to the progress of various cancers. Previous studies show that IL-8 determines the prognosis of TNBC patients, nevertheless how IL-8 influence the progress of TNBC is unclear. In our studies, we discovered that overexpression of IL-8 promotes TNBC cells (TNBCs) migration and tumor growth via the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathway. Cell-cycle of TNBCs arrest at S phase by overexpression of IL-8, however, there is no significant difference on the cell viability and cell apoptosis of TNBCs. Besides, overexpression of IL-8 result in the downregulation of E-cadherin and the upregulation of Cyclin B1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-8 plays a crucial role in the progress of TNBC, and it could be a novel therapeutic target of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Mengtian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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14
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Garmpis N, Damaskos C, Garmpi A, Nikolettos K, Dimitroulis D, Diamantis E, Farmaki P, Patsouras A, Voutyritsa E, Syllaios A, Zografos CG, Antoniou EA, Nikolettos N, Kostakis A, Kontzoglou K, Schizas D, Nonni A. Molecular Classification and Future Therapeutic Challenges of Triple-negative Breast Cancer. In Vivo 2021; 34:1715-1727. [PMID: 32606140 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an extremely diverse group of breast tumors, with aggressive clinical behavior, higher rates of distant recurrence and worse overall survival compared to other types of breast cancers. The genetic, transcriptional histological and clinical heterogeneity of this disease has been an obstacle in the progression of targeted therapeutic approaches, as a ubiquitous TNBC marker has not yet been discerned. In terms of that, current studies focus on the classification of TNBC tumors in subgroups with similar characteristics in order to develop a treatment specialized for each group of patients. To date, a series of gene expression profiles analysis in order to identify the different molecular subtypes have been used. Complementary DNA microarrays, PAM50 assays, DNA and RNA sequencing as well as immunohistochemical analysis are some of the methods utilized to classify TNBC tumors. In 2012, the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Research Network conducted a major analysis of breast cancers using six different platforms, the genomic DNA copy number arrays, DNA methylation, exome sequencing, messenger RNA arrays, microRNA sequencing and reverse-phase protein arrays, in order to assort the tumors in homogenous subgroups. Since then, an increasing number of breast cancer data sets are being examined in an attempt to distinguish the classification with biological interpretation and clinical implementation. In this review, the progress in molecular subtyping of TNBC is discussed, providing a brief insight in novel TNBC biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Garmpis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Damaskos
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Garmpi
- First Department of Propedeutic Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Nikolettos
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dimitroulis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Diamantis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Farmaki
- First Department of Pediatrics, Agia Sofia Children's Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Patsouras
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tzanio General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Errika Voutyritsa
- N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Syllaios
- First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos G Zografos
- First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios A Antoniou
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Nikolettos
- Obstetric - Gynecologic Clinic, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,N.S. Christeas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Afroditi Nonni
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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15
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Deepak Singh D, Han I, Choi EH, Yadav DK. CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing for targeted transcriptional control in triple-negative breast cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2384-2397. [PMID: 34025931 PMCID: PMC8120801 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women at the global level and the highest mortality rate has been observed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Accumulation of genetic lesions an aberrant gene expression and protein degradation are considered to underlie the onset of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Therefore, the challenge to identify the genes and molecules that could be potentially used as potent biomarkers for personalized medicine against TNBC with minimal or no associated side effects. Discovery of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) arrangement and an increasing repertoire of its new variants has provided a much-needed fillip towards editing TNBC genomes. In this review, we discuss the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, CRISPR Technology for diagnosis of (Triple-negative breast cancer) TNBC, Drug Resistance, and potential applications of CRISPR/Cas9 and its variants in deciphering or engineering intricate molecular and epigenetic mechanisms associated with TNBC. Furthermore, we have also explored the TNBC and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing potential for repairing, genetic modifications in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desh Deepak Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Ihn Han
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Choi
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Applied Plasma Medicine Center, Department of Electrical & Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon City, Republic of Korea
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16
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Vtorushin SV, Krakhmal NV, Zavyalova MV. [Triple-negative breast cancer. Modern molecular genetic concepts and their clinical significance]. Arkh Patol 2021; 83:46-51. [PMID: 33822554 DOI: 10.17116/patol20218302146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous group of carcinomas that substantially differ in clinical, morphological, and molecular genetic characteristics, tumor response to chemotherapy, and prognosis. These features define triple negative BC today as a special clinical problem that has not yet been completely solved. The review is devoted to the description and systematization of the currently available literature data concerning molecular and genetic features and differences in a fairly significant group of breast carcinomas with a severe, aggressive course and an extremely poor prognosis. The review presents the existing molecular genetic classification of triple negative BC based on the results of studies conducted by M.D. Burstein (2015) and B.D. Lehmann (2016), which determines the presence of 4 tumor-specific subtypes: basal-like type (type 1 and type 2), mesenchymal, and luminal androgen receptor types. The paper reflects the main stages of transformation of the proposed classification over the past decade and an attempt has been make to describe the molecular characteristics of each subtype of these carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Vtorushin
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia.,Cancer Research Institute of the Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
| | - N V Krakhmal
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia
| | - M V Zavyalova
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Tomsk, Russia.,Cancer Research Institute of the Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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17
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Huang Y, Yang Z, Li F, Zhao H, Li C, Yu N, Hamilton DJ, Li Z. 64Cu/ 177Lu-DOTA-diZD, a Small-Molecule-Based Theranostic Pair for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:2705-2713. [PMID: 33646782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in targeted therapies, the prognosis for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is poor because there are few actionable molecular targets. The dependence of solid tumor growth on angiogenesis prompted our development of angiogenic-receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) to treat TNBC by targeted delivery of therapeutic doses of ionizing radiation to tumors. A high-affinity vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-targeted agent, diZD, was synthesized and labeled with 177Lu and 64Cu by 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelator giving the TRT agent, 177Lu-DOTA-diZD, and PET imaging agent, 64Cu-DOTA-diZD. We showed that "64Cu/177Lu"-DOTA-diZD radiotracers are a promising theranostic pair for TNBC. 4T1-bearing mice treated with 177Lu-DOTA-diZD-based TRT survived with a median of 28 days, which was significantly longer than that of control mice as 18 days. Anti-PD1 immunotherapy resulted in a shorter median survival of 16 days. This work presents for the first time that small-molecule VEGFR-oriented TRT is a promising therapeutic option to treat "immunogenic cold" TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Huang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Hong Zhao
- Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Chun Li
- Departments of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nam Yu
- Houston Radiology Associates and Department of Radiology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Dale J Hamilton
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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18
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Remo A, Sina S, Barbi S, Simeone I, Insolda J, Parcesepe P, Giordano G, Cerulo L, Ceccarelli M, Fiorica F, Bonetti A, Pancione M, Manfrin E. Wnt (canonical and non canonical) pathways in breast carcinoma with extensive vascular invasion and inflammatory breast carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2021; 219:153347. [PMID: 33550148 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2021.153347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast carcinoma with extensive peritumoral vascular invasion (ePVI-BC) is a cancer with massive vascular invasion (>10) detected in more than one slide. This neoplasm shows clinic-pathological affinity with inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC). In this paper we evaluate their biological relationship through the study of surrogate markers (β-catenin and NFAT5) of Canonical (cWnt) and non-canonical (nWnt) Wnt pathways activation. METHODS By immunoistochemistry, we investigate β-catenin and NFAT5 in 39 IBC, 74 ePVI-BC and 84 control cases (CG-BC). RESULTS cWnt was activated in 100 % of ePVI-BC, in 64 % of IBC and 10 % of CG-BC. nWnt was activated in 20 % of ePVI-BC, 50 % of IBC and 1% of CG-BC. The prognosis of carcinomas with nWnt activated was poor similar to IBC. The statistical analysis evidences as both the pathways are synergistic in malignant progression and survival time. β-catenin show an important association with prognostic factors and NFAT5 shows a relevant prognostic role on OS (p = 1.5*10-6) and DFS (P = 1,2*10-4). nWnt is associated with a worse prognosis independently of cWnt. cWnt is associated with adverse prognosis (DFS p = 0.0469; OS p = 0.004891) but its prognostic role is indifferent in carcinoma with nWnt activated. CONCLUSIONS Canonical Wnt pathway is involved in malignant progression with dominant role for vascular invasion whereas non canonical Wnt pathway plays an important role on survival time including the capacity to identify carcinomas with IBC-like prognosis. Furthermore ePVI may represent a "prodromal form of IBC" as demonstrated by its clinicopathological and biological similarity with IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Remo
- Pathology Unit, ULSS9 "Scaligera" and Breast Unit (Eusoma's Certification n°1030/00), Verona, Italy.
| | - S Sina
- Pathology Unit, ULSS9 "Scaligera" and Breast Unit (Eusoma's Certification n°1030/00), Verona, Italy
| | - S Barbi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnosis, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - I Simeone
- Center for Genomic Science of IIT@SEMM - Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Milan, Italy; Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - J Insolda
- Pathology Unit, ULSS9 "Scaligera" and Breast Unit (Eusoma's Certification n°1030/00), Verona, Italy
| | - P Parcesepe
- Department of Pathology and Diagnosis, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Giordano
- U.O.C. Oncologia Medica, Ospedali Riuniti Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - L Cerulo
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; Bioinformatics Laboratory, BIOGEM, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - M Ceccarelli
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy; Bioinformatics Laboratory, BIOGEM, Ariano Irpino, Avellino, Italy
| | - F Fiorica
- Radiotherapy Unit, ULSS9 "Scaligera"and Breast Unit (Eusoma's Certification n°1030/00), Verona, Italy
| | - A Bonetti
- Oncology Unit, ULSS9 "Scaligera"and Breast Unit (Eusoma's Certification n°1030/00), Verona, Italy
| | - M Pancione
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - E Manfrin
- Department of Pathology and Diagnosis, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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19
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Carreira B, Acúrcio RC, Matos AI, Peres C, Pozzi S, Vaskovich‐Koubi D, Kleiner R, Bento M, Satchi‐Fainaro R, Florindo HF. Nanomedicines as Multifunctional Modulators of Melanoma Immune Microenvironment. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Carreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Rita C. Acúrcio
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Ana I. Matos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Carina Peres
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Sabina Pozzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Daniella Vaskovich‐Koubi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Ron Kleiner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Mariana Bento
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
| | - Ronit Satchi‐Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Helena F. Florindo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa) Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon Av. Prof. Gama Pinto Lisboa 1649‐003 Portugal
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20
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Erben P, Becker C, Tsaur I, Stope MB, Todenhöfer T. [Molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder-background and clinical relevance]. Urologe A 2020; 60:81-88. [PMID: 33242119 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-020-01396-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advanced and metastatic stages of bladder cancer are associated with a poor prognosis. Therapy options are currently limited to systemic therapy with chemo- and immunotherapeutics. In order to improve individual therapy and especially to achieve a more favorable prognosis for these patients, intrinsic molecular subtypes have recently been identified in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. This review article presents the latest developments, background, and clinical relevance of molecular subtypes in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. The existing literature and current study data were analyzed to present and evaluate the different molecular classification systems. A focus was placed on the possible therapeutic implications of these molecular subtypes. Although promising progress has been made in the molecular subtyping of urothelial carcinoma, this classification has not yet found its way into clinical application. Multicenter prospective studies with standardized study protocols are still lacking. Previous studies differ in molecular markers, sample collection and preparation procedures, and analytical protocols. Standardization is urgently needed before guidelines can be established and targeted treatment regimens implemented. In principle, the aim should be to develop a stable and as simple as possible methodology, enabling personalized treatment based on molecular subtypes to be broadly applied, and not just in specialized expert centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Erben
- Klinik für Urologie und Urochirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland.,Fachgruppe Molekulare Urologie der Arbeitsgruppe urologische Forschung (AuF) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Christoph Becker
- Fachgruppe Molekulare Urologie der Arbeitsgruppe urologische Forschung (AuF) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie, Berlin, Deutschland. .,Forschungskoordination, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie (DGU) e. V., Uerdinger Straße 64, 40474, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Fachgruppe Molekulare Urologie der Arbeitsgruppe urologische Forschung (AuF) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie, Berlin, Deutschland.,Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland
| | - Matthias B Stope
- Fachgruppe Molekulare Urologie der Arbeitsgruppe urologische Forschung (AuF) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie, Berlin, Deutschland.,Klinik für Gynäkologie und Gynäkologische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Deutschland
| | - Tilman Todenhöfer
- Fachgruppe Molekulare Urologie der Arbeitsgruppe urologische Forschung (AuF) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Urologie, Berlin, Deutschland.,Studienpraxis Urologie, Nürtingen, Deutschland
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21
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Amabile MI, Frusone F, De Luca A, Tripodi D, Imbimbo G, Lai S, D’Andrea V, Sorrenti S, Molfino A. Locoregional Surgery in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Do Concomitant Metabolic Aspects Have a Role on the Management and Prognosis in this Setting? J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040227. [PMID: 33202793 PMCID: PMC7712935 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although they cannot be considered curative, the new therapeutic integrated advances in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) have substantially improved patient outcomes. Traditionally, surgery was confined to palliation of symptomatic or ulcerating lumps. Data suggest, in some cases, a possible additive role for more aggressive locoregional surgical therapy in combination with systemic treatments in the metastatic setting, although a low level of evidence has been shown in terms of improvement in overall survival in MBC patients treated with surgery and medical treatment compared to medical treatment alone. In this light, tumor heterogeneity remains a challenge. To effectively reshape the therapeutic approach to MBC, careful consideration of who is a good candidate for locoregional resection is paramount. The patient’s global health condition, impacting on cancer progression and morbidity and their associated molecular targets, have to be considered in treatment decision-making. In particular, more recently, research has been focused on the role of metabolic derangements, including the presence of metabolic syndrome, which represent well-known conditions related to breast cancer recurrence and distant metastasis and are, therefore, involved in the prognosis. In the present article, we focus on locoregional surgical strategies in MBC and whether concomitant metabolic derangements may have a role in prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ida Amabile
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-499-72042
| | - Federico Frusone
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessandro De Luca
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Giovanni Imbimbo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (S.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Silvia Lai
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (S.L.); (A.M.)
| | - Vito D’Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (A.D.L.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.I.); (S.L.); (A.M.)
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22
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Ávalos-Moreno M, López-Tejada A, Blaya-Cánovas JL, Cara-Lupiañez FE, González-González A, Lorente JA, Sánchez-Rovira P, Granados-Principal S. Drug Repurposing for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2020; 10:E200. [PMID: 33138097 PMCID: PMC7711505 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive type of breast cancer which presents a high rate of relapse, metastasis, and mortality. Nowadays, the absence of approved specific targeted therapies to eradicate TNBC remains one of the main challenges in clinical practice. Drug discovery is a long and costly process that can be dramatically improved by drug repurposing, which identifies new uses for existing drugs, both approved and investigational. Drug repositioning benefits from improvements in computational methods related to chemoinformatics, genomics, and systems biology. To the best of our knowledge, we propose a novel and inclusive classification of those approaches whereby drug repurposing can be achieved in silico: structure-based, transcriptional signatures-based, biological networks-based, and data-mining-based drug repositioning. This review specially emphasizes the most relevant research, both at preclinical and clinical settings, aimed at repurposing pre-existing drugs to treat TNBC on the basis of molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways such as androgen receptor, adrenergic receptor, STAT3, nitric oxide synthase, or AXL. Finally, because of the ability and relevance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) to drive tumor aggressiveness and poor clinical outcome, we also focus on those molecules repurposed to specifically target this cell population to tackle recurrence and metastases associated with the progression of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ávalos-Moreno
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.Á.-M.); (A.L.-T.); (J.L.B.-C.); (F.E.C.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Araceli López-Tejada
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.Á.-M.); (A.L.-T.); (J.L.B.-C.); (F.E.C.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (J.A.L.)
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Jose L. Blaya-Cánovas
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.Á.-M.); (A.L.-T.); (J.L.B.-C.); (F.E.C.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (J.A.L.)
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Francisca E. Cara-Lupiañez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.Á.-M.); (A.L.-T.); (J.L.B.-C.); (F.E.C.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (J.A.L.)
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Adrián González-González
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.Á.-M.); (A.L.-T.); (J.L.B.-C.); (F.E.C.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (J.A.L.)
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain;
| | - Jose A. Lorente
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.Á.-M.); (A.L.-T.); (J.L.B.-C.); (F.E.C.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (J.A.L.)
- Department of Legal Medicine, School of Medicine—PTS—University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | - Sergio Granados-Principal
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Avenida de la Ilustración, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.Á.-M.); (A.L.-T.); (J.L.B.-C.); (F.E.C.-L.); (A.G.-G.); (J.A.L.)
- UGC de Oncología Médica, Complejo Hospitalario de Jaén, 23007 Jaén, Spain;
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23
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Bioengineered siRNA-Based Nanoplatforms Targeting Molecular Signaling Pathways for the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Advancements. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100929. [PMID: 33003468 PMCID: PMC7599839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer. Owing to the absenteeism of hormonal receptors expressed at the cancerous breast cells, hormonal therapies and other medications targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are ineffective in TNBC patients, making traditional chemotherapeutic agents the only current appropriate regimen. Patients' predisposition to relapse and metastasis, chemotherapeutics' cytotoxicity and resistance and poor prognosis of TNBC necessitates researchers to investigate different novel-targeted therapeutics. The role of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in silencing the genes/proteins that are aberrantly overexpressed in carcinoma cells showed great potential as part of TNBC therapeutic regimen. However, targeting specificity, siRNA stability, and delivery efficiency cause challenges in the progression of this application clinically. Nanotechnology was highlighted as a promising approach for encapsulating and transporting siRNA with high efficiency-low toxicity profile. Advances in preclinical and clinical studies utilizing engineered siRNA-loaded nanotherapeutics for treatment of TNBC were discussed. Specific and selective targeting of diverse signaling molecules/pathways at the level of tumor proliferation and cell cycle, tumor invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment, and chemotherapeutics' resistance demonstrated greater activity via integration of siRNA-complexed nanoparticles.
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Zhao Y, Yang X, Xu X, Zhang J, Zhang L, Xu H, Miao Z, Li D, Wang S. Deubiquitinase PSMD7 regulates cell fate and is associated with disease progression in breast cancer. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5433-5448. [PMID: 33042429 PMCID: PMC7540142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates the stability of most proteins controlling various biological processes in human cells. PSMD7, as a core component of the 26S proteasome, is critical for the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins in the proteasome. Currently, PSMD7 expression and its roles in the progression of breast cancer remain largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the level of PSMD7 in breast cancer tissues and investigated the underlying molecular events by which PSMD7 could play a role in tumor progression. The results showed that the PSMD7 level was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues. PSMD7 expression was closely associated with tumor subtype, tumor size, lymph node invasion, and TNM stage. A high PSMD7 level predicted poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients. Furthermore, univariate Cox regression analysis indicated that lymph node invasion, distant metastasis, and PSMD7 expression were associated with OS and DFS. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that PSMD7 was an independent predictor of OS (HR=1.310, 95% CI=1.038-1.652). Importantly, PSMD7 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, leading to cell senescence and apoptosis. PSMD7 knockdown inhibited the expression of key cell cycle-related proteins and promoted the stability of p21 and p27 in breast cancer cells. PSMD7 may be a valuable prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinchun Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieru Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiming Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shusheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215600, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Canonical ErbB-2 isoform and ErbB-2 variant c located in the nucleus drive triple negative breast cancer growth. Oncogene 2020; 39:6245-6262. [PMID: 32843720 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) refers to tumors that do not express clinically significant levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and lack membrane overexpression or gene amplification of ErbB-2/HER2, a receptor tyrosine kinase. Transcriptome and proteome heterogeneity of TNBC poses a major challenge to precision medicine. Clinical biomarkers and targeted therapies for this disease remain elusive, so chemotherapy has been the standard of care for early and metastatic TNBC. Our present findings placed ErbB-2 in an unanticipated scenario: the nucleus of TNBC (NErbB-2). Our study on ErbB-2 alternative splicing events, using a PCR-sequencing approach combined with an RNA interference strategy, revealed that TNBC cells express either the canonical (wild-type) ErbB-2, encoded by transcript variant 1, or the non-canonical ErbB-2 isoform c, encoded by alternative variant 3 (RefSeq), or both. These ErbB-2 isoforms function in the nucleus as transcription factors. Evicting both from the nucleus or silencing isoform c only, blocks TN cell and tumor growth. This reveals not only NErbB-2 canonical and alternative isoforms role as targets of therapy in TNBC, but also isoform c dominant oncogenic potential. Furthermore, we validated our findings in the clinic and observed that NErbB-2 correlates with poor prognosis in primary TN tumors, disclosing NErbB-2 as a novel biomarker for TNBC. Our discoveries challenge the present scenario of drug development for personalized BC medicine that focuses on wild-type RefSeq proteins, which conserve the canonical domains and are located in their classical cellular compartments.
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Prognostic Role of Immune Markers in Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2733-2745. [PMID: 32681436 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00874-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a significant prognostic parameter for triple negative breast carcinomas (TNBC) due to being a target for immunotherapeutic agents and its essential role during the cancer immunoediting process. In this study, CD8, FOXP3, CD163, PD-L1/SP142 and PD-L1/SP263 antibodies were examined in a sample of 51 TNBC cases. Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy were excluded. CD8, FOXP3 and CD163 antibodies were evaluated separately in intratumoral area (ITA) and tumor stroma (TS). PD-L1 status was also examined in tumor cells (TC) and immune cells (IC) using both SP142 and SP263 antibodies. In multivariate Cox regressions, the only antibody that was found to be significantly associated with survival was SP142. SP142-positivity in TC and IC was related to increased overall survival. Higher CD163 expression in ITA and SP263-positivity in IC were associated with younger age. Lymphatic/angioinvasion was more frequent in cases with negative/low CD8 and FOXP3 expressions. Moreover, metastatic axillary lymph node(s) was associated with negative/low FOXP3 expression in TS. CD8, FOXP3, CD163, SP142 and SP263 expressions were positively correlated with each other, except a mild discordance caused by CD163 in ITA. Although PD-L1 status with both SP142 and SP263 antibodies were concordant in the majority of cases, 33.3% and 13.7% of the cases showed SP142-negative/SP263-positive pattern in TC and IC respectively. In conclusion, we suggest that composition, density and localization of the immune cells and the check point molecules are important prognostic parameters in TNBC. Immunohistochemistry can be used as an accessible and less expensive tool to demonstrate TIME.
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RUSHFORTH ALEX, GREENHALGH TRISHA. Personalized Medicine, Disruptive Innovation, and "Trailblazer" Guidelines: Case Study and Theorization of an Unsuccessful Change Effort. Milbank Q 2020; 98:581-617. [PMID: 32433825 PMCID: PMC8454330 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Policy Points For complex reasons, the promise of "precision medicine" based on molecular pathways remains unrealized for many conditions. Clinical practice guidelines (theoretically, at least) can act as "trailblazers" to introduce tests and treatments that reflect precision medicine discoveries. We describe a detailed case study from the United Kingdom in which such an attempt was (so far) unsuccessful and show how this case provides generalizable lessons. Policymakers should be wary of using clinical practice guidelines as the sole, or even the primary, lever for introducing precision medicine. CONTEXT Precision medicine, which addresses underlying molecular mechanisms of disease, depends on new technologies that measure specific biomarkers, leading (it is anticipated) to more accurate diagnosis, patient stratification, and tailored treatment. These technologies can be disruptive-that is, they make possible, and often require, radical changes to clinical practice and service organization-thereby improving quality, safety, or efficiency of care. Clinical practice guidelines may act as "trailblazers," introducing and legitimizing novel technologies and practices. METHODS We describe a case study of an attempt by academic researchers to radically change asthma management in the United Kingdom using a precision medicine biomarker (fractional exhaled nitric oxide, FeNO), measured using a portable breath device. We collected a wide-ranging data set that included more than 100 documents, 61 interviews, and 150 hours of ethnographic observation, and we analyzed it using technology-enhanced strong structuration theory (TESST). FINDINGS Our study describes a so-far unsuccessful attempt by academic respiratory medicine researchers to pave the way for a precision medicine approach to asthma using a government-endorsed national guideline. These researchers considered asthma management, especially in primary care, to be characterized by overdiagnosis and poor tailoring of treatment; engaged a national guideline development body in an effort to fix this problem; and ensured that the guideline required primary care clinicians to use FeNO technology for diagnosis and monitoring. However, clinicians working outside the tertiary referral centers did not accept, or agree to enact, the vision of precision medicine inscribed in the guideline-for multiple professional, operational, and economic reasons. CONCLUSIONS "Trailblazer" guidelines, in which new technologies are recommended, may succeed as catalysts of change only in a limited way for interested individuals and groups. In the absence of a wider program of professionally led and adequately resourced change efforts, such guidelines will lack meaning, legitimacy, and authority among intended users and may be strongly resisted.
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53BP1 Accumulation in Circulating Tumor Cells Identifies Chemotherapy-Responsive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040930. [PMID: 32283863 PMCID: PMC7226269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the DNA end-binding protein p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is down-regulated in subsets of breast cancer. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide accessible “biopsy material” to track cell traits and functions and their alterations during treatment. Here, we prospectively monitored the 53BP1 status in CTCs from 67 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with HER2- CTCs and known hormone receptor (HR) status of the primary tumor and/or metastases before, during, and at the end of chemotherapeutic treatment with Eribulin. Nuclear 53BP1 staining and genomic integrity were evaluated by immunocytochemical and whole-genome-amplification-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, respectively. Comparative analysis of CTCs from patients with triple-negative and HR+ tumors revealed elevated 53BP1 levels in CTCs from patients with HR+ metastases, particularly following chemotherapeutic treatment. Differences in nuclear 53BP1 signals did not correlate with genomic integrity in CTCs at baseline or with nuclear γH2AX signals in MBC cell lines, indicating that 53BP1 detected features beyond DNA damage. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed an increasing association between nuclear 53BP1-positivity and progression-free survival (PFS) during chemotherapy until the final visit. Our data suggest that 53BP1 detection in CTCs could be a useful marker to capture dynamic changes of chemotherapeutic responsiveness in triple-negative and HR+ MBC.
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29
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Dees S, Pontiggia L, Jasmin JF, Mercier I. Phosphorylated STAT3 (Tyr705) as a biomarker of response to pimozide treatment in triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:506-521. [PMID: 32164483 PMCID: PMC7515519 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1726718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) displays an aggressive clinical course, heightened metastatic potential, and is linked to poor survival rates. Through its lack of expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), this subtype remains unresponsive to traditional targeted therapies. Undesirable and sometimes life-threatening side effects associated with current chemotherapeutic agents warrant the development of more targeted treatment options. Targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a transcription factor implicated in breast cancer (BCa) progression, has proven to be an efficient approach to halt cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Currently, there are no FDA-approved STAT3 inhibitors for TNBC. Although pimozide, a FDA-approved antipsychotic drug, has been attributed a role as a STAT3 inhibitor in several cancers, its role on this pathway remains unexplored in TNBC. As a "one size fits all" approach cannot be applied to TNBC therapies due to the heterogeneous nature of this aggressive cancer, we hypothesized that STAT3 could be a novel biomarker of response to guide pimozide therapy. Using human cell lines representative of four TNBC subtypes (basal-like 1, basal-like 2, mesenchymal-like, mesenchymal stem-like), our current report demonstrates that pimozide significantly reduced their invasion and migration, an effect that was predicted by STAT3 phosphorylation on tyrosine residue 705 (Tyr705). Mechanistically, phosphorylated STAT3 (Tyr705) inhibition resulting from pimozide treatment caused a downregulation of downstream transcriptional targets such as matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vimentin, both implicated in invasion and migration. The identification of biomarkers of response to TNBC treatments is an active area of research in the field of precision medicine and our results propose phosphorylated STAT3 (Tyr705) as a novel biomarker to guide pimozide treatment as an inhibitor of invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundee Dees
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Pontiggia
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Jasmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabelle Mercier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Program in Personalized Medicine and Targeted Therapeutics, University of the Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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30
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Deng F, Weng Y, Li X, Wang T, Fan M, Shi Q. Overexpression of IL-8 promotes cell migration via PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and EMT in triple-negative breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152902. [PMID: 32147274 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of malignant and heterogeneous tumor in premenopausal females with ineffective therapeutic targets. IL-8 is one of the earliest discovered chemotaxis cytokines which expression is closely related to the progress of various cancers. Previous studies showed that IL-8 determines the prognosis of TNBC patients, nevertheless how IL-8 influences the progress of TNBC is unclear. In our studies, we discovered that overexpression of IL-8 promotes TNBC cells (TNBCs) migration and tumor growth via the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathway. Cell-cycle of TNBCs arrest at S phase by overexpression of IL-8, however, there is no significant variation on the cell viability and cell apoptosis of TNBCs. Besides, overexpression of IL-8 result in the downregulation of E-cadherin and the upregulation of Cyclin B1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-8 performs a crucial role in the progress of TNBC, and it could be a novel therapeutic target of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yaguang Weng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Teng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Mengtian Fan
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, PR China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, PR China.
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Liu H, Ertay A, Peng P, Li J, Liu D, Xiong H, Zou Y, Qiu H, Hancock D, Yuan X, Huang W, Ewing RM, Downward J, Wang Y. SGLT1 is required for the survival of triple-negative breast cancer cells via potentiation of EGFR activity. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:1874-1886. [PMID: 31199048 PMCID: PMC6717760 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1), an essential active glucose transport protein that helps maintain high intracellular glucose levels, was previously shown to interact with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); the SGLT1-EGFR interaction maintains intracellular glucose levels to promote survival of cancer cells. Here, we explore the role of SGLT1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is the most aggressive type of breast cancer. We performed TCGA analysis coupled to in vitro experiments in TNBC cell lines as well as in vivo xenografts established in the mammary fat pad of female nude mice. Tissue microarrays of TNBC patients with information of clinical-pathological parameters were also used to investigate the expression and function of SGLT1 in TNBC. We show that high levels of SGLT1 are associated with greater tumour size in TNBC. Knockdown of SGLT1 compromises cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrate that SGLT1 depletion results in decreased levels of phospho-EGFR, and as a result, the activity of downstream signalling pathways (such as AKT and ERK) is inhibited. Hence, targeting SGLT1 itself or the EGFR-SGLT1 interaction may provide novel therapeutics against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiquan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Ayse Ertay
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | - Ping Peng
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yanmei Zou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hong Qiu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | | | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Wei‐Chien Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical SciencesChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Center for Molecular MedicineChina Medical University and HospitalTaichungTaiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Health ScienceAsia UniversityTaichungTaiwan
| | - Rob M. Ewing
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
| | | | - Yihua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
- Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonUK
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Elfgen C, Varga Z, Reeve K, Moskovszky L, Bjelic-Radisic V, Tausch C, Güth U. The impact of distinct triple-negative breast cancer subtypes on misdiagnosis and diagnostic delay. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 177:67-75. [PMID: 31154578 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) includes mostly aggressive types of breast cancer with poor prognosis. Due to its growth pattern, misinterpretation in clinical imaging is more frequent than in non-TNBC. As the group of TNBC contains heterogeneous types of tumors, marker expression-based subtypes have recently been established. We analyzed clinical features and false-negative imaging findings that could potentially lead to diagnostic delay within the subtypes. METHODS An exploratory analysis compared the imaging features across the a priori defined subtypes and related these findings to molecular subtype, disease stage, potential diagnostic delay, and patient outcome. RESULTS TNBC cases were categorized into basal-like (BL; 38.6%), mesenchymal-like (ML; 19.9%), luminal androgen receptor (LAR; 28.3%), and immunomodulatory (IM; 13.3%) subtype. In almost every third patient, malignant classification was missed in at least one imaging method. Misclassification in mammogram was more frequent in ML, while benign ultrasound features were reported more often in the BL subtype. Diagnostic delay due to misclassification in imaging led to tumor growth and/or upgrading of the tumor stage in 8.9% of BL tumors, which had the lowest overall survivals. Despite misclassification rate was higher in the ML subtype it showed better outcomes. Misdiagnosis of axillary lymph node metastasis was higher in LAR; however, this subtype showed a higher percentage of affected axillary lymph nodes. CONCLUSION TNBC subtypes have different clinical features, benign appearances, and diagnostic delay, which can lead to tumor stage upgrade. Future clinical studies on TNBC outcomes might consider the confounder of clinical delay in the subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Elfgen
- Breast-Center Zurich, Seefeldstrasse 214, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Senology Department, Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany.
| | - Z Varga
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Reeve
- Biostatistics Department, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Moskovszky
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - V Bjelic-Radisic
- Senology Department, Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Witten-Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - C Tausch
- Breast-Center Zurich, Seefeldstrasse 214, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Güth
- Breast-Center Zurich, Seefeldstrasse 214, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Lin YS, Chiu YC, Tsai YH, Tsai YF, Wang JY, Tseng LM, Chiu JH. Different mechanisms involved in the berberine-induced antiproliferation effects in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:13531-13544. [PMID: 30957305 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Berberine (BBR) is known to be effective at inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis in various cancer cells. However, the effects of BBR on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the cell inhibition effects of BBR on different subtypes of TNBC cells. METHODS Using human TNBC cell lines of different subtypes, namely, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-453, and BT-549 as in vitro models, antiproliferative effects of BBR were investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, trypan blue exclusion assay, and clonogenic assay. Furthermore, cell apoptosis and autophagy were analyzed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, and LC3 I/II-targeted Western blotting. Various cell growth-related signaling pathways (AKT/ERK/p38) and the expression of proteins present in various cell cycle kinase complexes were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS BBR concentration-dependently suppressed cell proliferation in MDA-MB-468 (0, 3, 6, and 12 μM) and MDA-MB-231 (0, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 μM). The inhibitory effect was not brought about by inducing cell apoptosis, necrosis, or autophagy. Cell cycle analysis disclosed an increased S+G2/M fraction among the BBR-treated MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells; while with the BBR-treated MDA-MB-468 and BT-549 lines, an increased G0/G1 fraction was found. In MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 cells, by Western blotting, BBR decreased the expression of Cyclin A and CDK1, On the other hand, in BBR-treated MDA-MB-468 and BT-549 cells, there was a decrease in Cyclin D and CDK4 expression. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that the antiproliferation effects of BBR occur via different mechanisms in different subtypes of TNBC cells, which suggests that BBR has potential as a personalized treatment for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Shu Lin
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Chou Chiu
- Division of General Surgery, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hsiu Tsai
- School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Fang Tsai
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jir-You Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ling-Ming Tseng
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Hwey Chiu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Division of General Surgery, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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34
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Vaidya AM, Sun Z, Ayat N, Schilb A, Liu X, Jiang H, Sun D, Scheidt J, Qian V, He S, Gilmore H, Schiemann WP, Lu ZR. Systemic Delivery of Tumor-Targeting siRNA Nanoparticles against an Oncogenic LncRNA Facilitates Effective Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:907-919. [PMID: 30739442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), by virtue of their versatility and multilevel gene regulation, have emerged as attractive pharmacological targets for treating heterogeneous and complex malignancies like triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Despite multiple studies on lncRNA functions in tumor pathology, systemic targeting of these "undruggable" macromolecules with conventional approaches remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate effective TNBC therapy by nanoparticle-mediated RNAi of the oncogenic lncRNA DANCR, which is significantly overexpressed in TNBC. Tumor-targeting RGD-PEG-ECO/siDANCR nanoparticles were formulated via self-assembly of multifunctional amino lipid ECO, cyclic RGD peptide-PEG, and siDANCR for systemic delivery. MDA-MB-231 and BT549 cells treated with the therapeutic RGD-PEG-ECO/siDANCR nanoparticles exhibited 80-90% knockdown in the expression of DANCR for up to 7 days, indicating efficient intracellular siRNA delivery and sustained target silencing. The RGD-PEG-ECO/siDANCR nanoparticles mediated excellent in vitro therapeutic efficacy, reflected by significant reduction in the invasion, migration, survival, tumor spheroid formation, and proliferation of the TNBC cell lines. At the molecular level, functional ablation of DANCR dynamically impacted the oncogenic nexus by downregulating PRC2-mediated H3K27-trimethylation and Wnt/EMT signaling, and altering the phosphorylation profiles of several kinases in the TNBC cells. Furthermore, systemic administration of the RGD-PEG-ECO/siDANCR nanoparticles at a dose of 1 mg/kg siRNA in nude mice bearing TNBC xenografts resulted in robust suppression of TNBC progression with no overt toxic side-effects, underscoring the efficacy and safety of the nanoparticle therapy. These results demonstrate that nanoparticle-mediated modulation of onco-lncRNAs and their molecular targets is a promising approach for developing curative therapies for TNBC and other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hannah Gilmore
- University Hospitals of Cleveland , Department of Pathology , Cleveland , Ohio 44106 , United States
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35
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McAnena P, Lowery A, Kerin MJ. Role of micro-RNAs in breast cancer surgery. Br J Surg 2018; 105:e19-e30. [PMID: 29341144 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of breast cancer has changed dramatically in the molecular era. Micro-RNAs can contribute to multiple facets of cancer surgery. METHODS This narrative review, based on years of research on the role of micro-RNAs, focused on the potential of these small, robust RNAs to influence all aspects of breast cancer surgery. RESULTS Micro-RNAs have a potential role as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis and evaluation of response to therapy in breast cancer. They may also contribute to future therapeutic strategies. CONCLUSION The molecular era has changed understanding of cancer. Micro-RNAs have the potential for use in personalized cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P McAnena
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Lowery
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - M J Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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36
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Torres-Adorno AM, Vitrac H, Qi Y, Tan L, Levental KR, Fan YY, Yang P, Chapkin RS, Eckhardt BL, Ueno NT. Eicosapentaenoic acid in combination with EPHA2 inhibition shows efficacy in preclinical models of triple-negative breast cancer by disrupting cellular cholesterol efflux. Oncogene 2018; 38:2135-2150. [PMID: 30459358 PMCID: PMC6430703 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive breast cancer subtype, currently lacks effective targeted therapy options. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), an omega-3 fatty acid and constituent of fish oil, is a common supplement with anti-inflammatory properties. Although it is not a mainstream treatment, several preclinical studies have demonstrated that EPA exerts anti-tumor activity in breast cancer. However, against solid tumors, EPA as a monotherapy is clinically ineffective; thus, we sought to develop a novel targeted drug combination to bolster its therapeutic action against TNBC. Using a high-throughput functional siRNA screen, we identified Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EPHA2), an oncogenic cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinase, as a therapeutic target that sensitizes TNBC cells to EPA. EPHA2 expression was uniquely elevated in TNBC cell lines and patient tumors. In independent functional expression studies in TNBC models, EPHA2 gene-silencing combined with EPA significantly reduced cell growth and enhanced apoptosis compared with monotherapies, both in vitro and in vivo. EPHA2 specific inhibitors similarly enhanced the therapeutic action of EPA. Finally, we identified that therapy-mediated apoptosis was attributed to a lethal increase in cancer cell membrane polarity due to ABCA1 inhibition and subsequent dysregulation of cholesterol homeostasis. This study provides new molecular and pre-clinical evidence to support a clinical evaluation of EPA combined with EPHA2 inhibition in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie M Torres-Adorno
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.,Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Vitrac
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, UTHealth McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Peiying Yang
- Department of Palliative, Rehabilitation and Integrative Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Bedrich L Eckhardt
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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37
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Mollen EWJ, Ient J, Tjan-Heijnen VCG, Boersma LJ, Miele L, Smidt ML, Vooijs MAGG. Moving Breast Cancer Therapy up a Notch. Front Oncol 2018; 8:518. [PMID: 30515368 PMCID: PMC6256059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy, worldwide. Treatment decisions are based on tumor stage, histological subtype, and receptor expression and include combinations of surgery, radiotherapy, and systemic treatment. These, together with earlier diagnosis, have resulted in increased survival. However, initial treatment efficacy cannot be guaranteed upfront, and these treatments may come with (long-term) serious adverse effects, negatively affecting a patient's quality of life. Gene expression-based tests can accurately estimate the risk of recurrence in early stage breast cancers. Disease recurrence correlates with treatment resistance, creating a major need to resensitize tumors to treatment. Notch signaling is frequently deregulated in cancer and is involved in treatment resistance. Preclinical research has already identified many combinatory therapeutic options where Notch involvement enhances the effectiveness of radiotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapies for breast cancer. However, the benefit of targeting Notch has remained clinically inconclusive. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on targeting the Notch pathway to enhance current treatments for breast cancer and to combat treatment resistance. Furthermore, we propose mechanisms to further exploit Notch-based therapeutics in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik W J Mollen
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Ient
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vivianne C G Tjan-Heijnen
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth J Boersma
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Lucio Miele
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Marjolein L Smidt
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marc A G G Vooijs
- Department of Radiotherapy, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology (MAASTRO), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
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38
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Anborgh PH, Lee DJ, Stam PF, Tuck AB, Chambers AF. Role of osteopontin as a predictive biomarker for anti-EGFR therapy in triple-negative breast cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:727-734. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1502272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Danny J. Lee
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Alan B. Tuck
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann F. Chambers
- London Regional Cancer Program, London, Ontario, Canada
- Departments of Oncology and of Pathology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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39
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Razmi M, Rabbani-Chadegani A, Hashemi-Niasari F, Ghadam P. Lithium chloride attenuates mitomycin C induced necrotic cell death in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells via HMGB1 and Bax signaling. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 48:87-96. [PMID: 29773200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of potent anticancer drug mitomycin C (MMC) has limited due to side effects and resistance of cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate whether lithium chloride (LiCl), as a mood stabilizer, can affect the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells to mitomycin C. The cells were exposed to various concentrations of mitomycin C alone and combined with LiCl and the viability determined by trypan blue and MTT assays. Proteins were analyzed by western blot and mRNA expression of HMGB1 MMP9 and Bcl-2 were analyzed by RT-PCR. Flow cytometry was used to determine the cell cycle arrest and percent of apoptotic and necrotic cells. Concentration of Bax assessed by ELISA. Exposure of the cells to mitomycin C revealed IC50 value of 20 μM, whereas pretreatment of the cells with LiCl induced synergistic cytotoxicity and IC50 value declined to 5 μM. LiCl combined with mitomycin C significantly down-regulated HMGB1, MMP9 and Bcl-2 gene expression but significantly increased the level of Bax protein. In addition, the content of HMGB1 in the nuclei decreased and pretreatment with LiCl reduced the content of HMGB1 release induced by MMC. LiCl increased mitomycin C-induced cell shrinkage and PARP fragmentation suggesting induction of apoptosis in these cells. LiCl prevented mitomycin C-induced necrosis and changed the cell death arrest at G2/M-phase. Taking all together, it is suggested that LiCl efficiently enhances mitomycin C-induced apoptosis and HMGB1, Bax and Bcl-2 expression may play a major role in this process, the findings that provide a new therapeutic strategy for LiCl in combination with mitomycin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Razmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azra Rabbani-Chadegani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Hashemi-Niasari
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parinaz Ghadam
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Alzahra, Tehran, Iran
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Godone RLN, Leitão GM, Araújo NB, Castelletti CHM, Lima-Filho JL, Martins DBG. Clinical and molecular aspects of breast cancer: Targets and therapies. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:14-34. [PMID: 29945114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast Cancer is a complex disease characterized by the occurrence of multiple molecular alterations. Currently, some molecular markers are in use for breast cancer diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive purposes. Thus, genetic signatures are available for improving the decision-making. The biomarkers are also essential as therapeutic approaches, but many questions remain due to the lack of efficacy on breast cancer treatment, mainly for triple-negative breast cancer subtype. Since the genetic profile of breast cancer can also be related to different ethnic groups and geographic areas, the reference populations of the genetic assays and clinical trials need to include a broader population beyond the European and North American patients. In this review, we analyzed the current and potential molecular markers that could help to improve the strategies for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L N Godone
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group, Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil
| | - G M Leitão
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group, Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil; Clinical Hospital of Pernambuco - Professor Romero Marques, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil
| | - N B Araújo
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group, Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil
| | - C H M Castelletti
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group, Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil; Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco (IPA), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - J L Lima-Filho
- Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil
| | - D B G Martins
- Molecular Prospection and Bioinformatics Group, Laboratory Keizo Asami of Immunopathology (LIKA), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Brazil.
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Landman Y, Ilouze M, Wein S, Neiman V, Yerushalmi R, Yakimov M, Ku N, Schrock AB, Ali S, Peled N. Rapid Response to Larotrectinib (LOXO-101) in an Adult Chemotherapy-Naive Patients With Advanced Triple-Negative Secretory Breast Cancer Expressing ETV6-NTRK3 Fusion. Clin Breast Cancer 2018; 18:e267-e270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li Z, Qiu Y, Lu W, Jiang Y, Wang J. Immunotherapeutic interventions of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. J Transl Med 2018; 16:147. [PMID: 29848327 PMCID: PMC5977468 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer that lacks the expression of oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Although TNBC is sensitive to chemotherapy, the overall outcomes of TNBC are worse than for other breast cancers, and TNBC is still one of the most fatal diseases for women. With the discovery of antigens specifically expressed in TNBC cells and the developing technology of monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptors and cancer vaccines, immunotherapy is emerging as a novel promising option for TNBC. This review is mainly focused on the tumour microenvironment and host immunity, Triple Negative Breast Cancer and the clinical treatment of TNBC, novel therapies for cancer and immunotherapy for TNBC, and the future outlook for the treatment for TNBC and the interplay between the therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with targeted treatments in TNBC, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines. The review also highlights recent reports on the synergistic effects of immunotherapy and chemotherapy, antibody-drug conjugates, and exosomes, as potential multifunctional therapeutic agents in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiran Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, 2901 Caolang Road, Jinshan District, Shanghai, 201508 People’s Republic of China
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Raccagni I, Belloli S, Valtorta S, Stefano A, Presotto L, Pascali C, Bogni A, Tortoreto M, Zaffaroni N, Daidone MG, Russo G, Bombardieri E, Moresco RM. [18F]FDG and [18F]FLT PET for the evaluation of response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in a model of triple negative breast cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197754. [PMID: 29791503 PMCID: PMC5965848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Pathological response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) represents a commonly used predictor of survival in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the need to identify markers that predict response to NAC is constantly increasing. Aim of this study was to evaluate the potential usefulness of PET imaging with [18F]FDG and [18F]FLT for the discrimination of TNBC responders to Paclitaxel (PTX) therapy compared to the response assessed by an adapted Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria based on tumor volume (Tumor Volume Response). Methods Nu/nu mice bearing TNBC lesions of different size were evaluated with [18F]FDG and [18F]FLT PET before and after PTX treatment. SUVmax, Metabolic Tumor Volume (MTV) and Total Lesion Glycolysis (TLG) and Proliferation (TLP) were assessed using a graph-based random walk algorithm. Results We found that in our TNBC model the variation of [18F]FDG and [18F]FLT SUVmax similarly defined tumor response to therapy and that SUVmax variation represented the most accurate parameter. Response evaluation using Tumor Volume Response (TVR) showed that the effectiveness of NAC with PTX was completely independent from lesions size at baseline. Conclusions Our study provided interesting results in terms of sensitivity and specificity of PET in TNBC, revealing the similar performances of [18F]FDG and [18F]FLT in the identification of responders to Paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Raccagni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy
- Tecnomed, Foundation of the University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Stefano
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy
| | - Luca Presotto
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Pascali
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Bogni
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Tortoreto
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Daidone
- Biomarkers Unit, Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy
- Tecnomed, Foundation of the University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Li J, Xia Y, Wu Q, Zhu S, Chen C, Yang W, Wei W, Sun S. Outcomes of patients with inflammatory breast cancer by hormone receptor- and HER2-defined molecular subtypes: A population-based study from the SEER program. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49370-49379. [PMID: 28472761 PMCID: PMC5564775 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), with emphasis on the role of molecular subtypes and radiotherapy. Methods A retrospective cohort study to investigate overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) in patients with IBC was conducted using data obtained by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program from 2010–2013. Cox multivariate regression was used to calculate the adjusted Hazard Ratios (aHR). Results 403 patients were eligible for this study. Patients in the group with hormone receptors (HR)+/HER2- subtype had an OS of 79.6% compared with 89.0 % in the group with (HR)+/HER2+ subtype and 76.8% in the HR-/HER2+ group and 62.9% in the triple-negative (TN) group. BCSM was 16.3% for the HR+/HER2- group, 9.8% for the HR+/HER2+ group, 21.7% for the HR-/HER2+ group, and 30.5% for the TN group. For distant metastases, the results showed that there was a high probability of bone metastasis in HR-positive groups, brain and liver metastasis in HER2-positive groups, and lung metastasis in the TN group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that estrogen receptor and HER2 positivity were associated with better survival and that the TN subtype had a poorer OS and BCSM compared with other subtypes (P<0.05). Furthermore, patients who received radiotherapy were more likely to have improved survival (P< 0.05). Conclusion Inflammatory breast cancer appears to alter the prognosis in association with the receptor status and molecular subtypes. Radiotherapy was still considered to be a crucial treatment for patients with IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yue Xia
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wen Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
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Ma L, Liang Z, Zhou H, Qu L. Applications of RNA Indexes for Precision Oncology in Breast Cancer. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2018; 16:108-119. [PMID: 29753129 PMCID: PMC6112337 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Precision oncology aims to offer the most appropriate treatments to cancer patients mainly based on their individual genetic information. Genomics has provided numerous valuable data on driver mutations and risk loci; however, it remains a formidable challenge to transform these data into therapeutic agents. Transcriptomics describes the multifarious expression patterns of both mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which facilitates the deciphering of genomic codes. In this review, we take breast cancer as an example to demonstrate the applications of these rich RNA resources in precision medicine exploration. These include the use of mRNA profiles in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtyping to inform corresponding candidate targeted therapies; current advancements and achievements of high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) screening technologies in breast cancer; and microRNAs as functional signatures for defining cell identities and regulating the biological activities of breast cancer cells. We summarize the benefits of transcriptomic analyses in breast cancer management and propose that unscrambling the core signaling networks of cancer may be an important task of multiple-omic data integration for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zirui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Lianghu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Heckler MM, Zeleke TZ, Divekar SD, Fernandez AI, Tiek DM, Woodrick J, Farzanegan A, Roy R, Üren A, Mueller SC, Riggins RB. Antimitotic activity of DY131 and the estrogen-related receptor beta 2 (ERRβ2) splice variant in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:47201-47220. [PMID: 27363015 PMCID: PMC5216935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks clinically actionable therapeutic targets. Death in mitosis is a tumor suppressive mechanism that occurs in cancer cells experiencing a defective M phase. The orphan estrogen-related receptor beta (ERRβ) is a key reprogramming factor in murine embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. In primates, ERRβ is alternatively spliced to produce several receptor isoforms. In cellular models of glioblastoma, short form (ERRβsf) and beta2 (ERRβ2) splice variants differentially regulate cell cycle progression in response to the synthetic agonist DY131, with ERRβ2 driving arrest in G2/M.The goals of the present study are to determine the cellular function(s) of ligand-activated ERRβ splice variants in breast cancer and evaluate the potential of DY131 to serve as an antimitotic agent, particularly in TNBC. DY131 inhibits growth in a diverse panel of breast cancer cell lines, causing cell death that involves the p38 stress kinase pathway and a bimodal cell cycle arrest. ERRβ2 facilitates the block in G2/M, and DY131 delays progression from prophase to anaphase. Finally, ERRβ2 localizes to centrosomes and DY131 causes mitotic spindle defects. Targeting ERRβ2 may therefore be a promising therapeutic strategy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M Heckler
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Tizita Zewde Zeleke
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Shailaja D Divekar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Aileen I Fernandez
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Deanna M Tiek
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jordan Woodrick
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Alexander Farzanegan
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Rabindra Roy
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Aykut Üren
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Susette C Mueller
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Rebecca B Riggins
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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Genetic polymorphisms and response to 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66790-66808. [PMID: 27527855 PMCID: PMC5341838 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical resistance to chemotherapy is one of the major problems in breast cancer treatment. In this study we analyzed possible impact of 22 polymorphic variants on the treatment response in 324 breast cancer patients. Selected genes were involved in FAC chemotherapy drugs transport (ABCB1, ABCC2, ABCG2, SLC22A16), metabolism (CYP1B1, CYP2C19, GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1, TYMS, MTHFR, DPYD), drug-induced damage repair (ERCC1, ERCC2, XRCC1) and involved in regulation of DNA damage response and cell cycle control (ATM, TP53). Apart from preexisting metastases three polymorphic variants were independent prognostic high risk factors of lack of response to FAC chemotherapy. Our results showed that the response to treatment depended of the variability in genes engaged in drugs’ transport (ABCC2 c.-24C>T, ABCB1 p.Ser893Ala/Thr) and in DNA repair machinery (ERCC2 p.Lys751Gln). Furthermore, the growing number of high-risk genotypes was reflected in gradual increase in risk of the non-responsiveness to treatment- from OR 2.68 for presence of two genotypes to OR 9.93 for carriers of all three negative genotypes in the group of all patients. Similar gene-dosage effect was observed in the subgroup of TNBCs. Also, TFFS significantly shortened with the increasing number of high-risk genotypes, with median of 54.4 months for carriers of one variant, to 51.5 and 34.9 months for the carriers of two and three genotypes, respectively. Our results demonstrate that results of cancer treatment are the effect of many clinical and genetic factors. It seems that multifactorial polymorphic models could be a potentially useful tool in personalization of cancer therapies. The novelty in our model is the over representation of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients among the carriers of all unfavorable polymorphic variants. This finding contributes to the elucidation of the mechanisms of drug resistance in this subgroup of breast cancer patients.
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De P, Carlson JH, Wu H, Marcus A, Leyland-Jones B, Dey N. Wnt-beta-catenin pathway signals metastasis-associated tumor cell phenotypes in triple negative breast cancers. Oncotarget 2017; 7:43124-43149. [PMID: 27281609 PMCID: PMC5190013 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells acquire metastasis-associated (MA) phenotypes following genetic alterations in them which cause deregulation of different signaling pathways. Earlier, we reported that an upregulation of the Wnt-beta-catenin pathway (WP) is one of the genetic salient features of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and WP signaling is associated with metastasis in TNBC. Using cBioPortal, here we found that collective % of alteration(s) in WP genes, CTNNB1, APC and DVL1 among breast-invasive-carcinomas was 21% as compared to 56% in PAM50 Basal. To understand the functional relevance of WP in the biology of heterogeneous/metastasizing TNBC cells, we undertook this comprehensive study using 15 cell lines in which we examined the role of WP in the context of integrin-dependent MA-phenotypes. Directional movement of tumor cells was observed by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative confocal-video-microscopy while matrigel-invasion was studied by MMP7-specific casein-zymography. WntC59, XAV939, sulindac sulfide and beta-catenin siRNA (1) inhibited fibronectin-directed migration, (2) decreased podia-parameters and motility-descriptors, (3) altered filamentous-actin, (4) decreased matrigel-invasion and (5) inhibited cell proliferation as well as 3D clonogenic growth. Sulindac sulfide and beta-catenin siRNA decreased beta-catenin/active-beta-catenin and MMP7. LWnt3ACM-stimulated proliferation, clonogenicity, fibronection-directed migration and matrigel-invasion were perturbed by WP-modulators, sulindac sulfide and GDC-0941. We studied a direct involvement of WP in metastasis by stimulating brain-metastasis-specific MDA-MB231BR cells to demonstrate that LWnt3ACM-stimulated proliferation, clonogenicity and migration were blocked following sulindac sulfide, GDC-0941 and beta-catenin knockdown. We present the first evidence showing a direct functional relationship between WP activation and integrin-dependent MA-phenotypes. By proving the functional relationship between WP activation and MA-phenotypes, our data mechanistically explains (1) why different components of WP are upregulated in TNBC, (2) how WP activation is associated with metastasis and (3) how integrin-dependent MA-phenotypes can be regulated by mitigating the WP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip De
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, SSOM, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jennifer H Carlson
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, WCI, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, WCI, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian Leyland-Jones
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, SSOM, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Nandini Dey
- Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, SSOM, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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Belz JE, Kumar R, Baldwin P, Ojo NC, Leal AS, Royce DB, Zhang D, van de Ven AL, Liby KT, Sridhar S. Sustained Release Talazoparib Implants for Localized Treatment of BRCA1-deficient Breast Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:4340-4349. [PMID: 29158830 PMCID: PMC5695017 DOI: 10.7150/thno.18563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Talazoparib, a potent PARP inhibitor, has shown promising clinical and pre-clinical activity by inducing synthetic lethality in cancers with germline Brca1/2 mutations. Conventional oral delivery of Talazoparib is associated with significant off-target effects, therefore we sought to develop new delivery systems in the form of an implant loaded with Talazoparib for localized, slow and sustained release of the drug at the tumor site in Brca1-deficient breast cancer. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) implants (0.8 mm diameter) loaded with subclinical dose (25 or 50 µg) Talazoparib were fabricated and characterized. In vitro studies with Brca1-deficient W780 and W0069 breast cancer cells were conducted to test sensitivity to PARP inhibition. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of Talazoparib implants was assessed following a one-time intratumoral injection in Brca1Co/Co;MMTV-Cre;p53+/- mice and compared to drug-free implants and oral gavage. Immunohistochemistry studies were performed on tumor sections using PCNA and γ-H2AX staining. Sustained release of Talazoparib was observed over 28 days in vitro. Mice treated with Talazoparib implants showed statistically significant tumor growth inhibition compared to those receiving drug-free implants or free Talazoparib orally. Talazoparib implants were well-tolerated at both drug doses and resulted in less weight loss than oral gavage. PARP inhibition in mice treated with Talazoparib implants significantly increased double-stranded DNA damage and decreased tumor cell proliferation as shown by PCNA and γ-H2AX staining as compared to controls. These results demonstrate that localized and sustained delivery of Talazoparib via implants has potential to provide superior treatment outcomes at sub-clinical doses with minimal toxicity in patients with BRCA1 deficient tumors.
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Pitner MK, Taliaferro JM, Dalby KN, Bartholomeusz C. MELK: a potential novel therapeutic target for TNBC and other aggressive malignancies. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:849-859. [PMID: 28764577 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1363183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is an unmet need in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients for targeted therapies. Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is a promising target for inhibition based on the abundance of correlative and functional data supporting its role in various cancer types. Areas covered: This review endeavors to outline the role of MELK in cancer. Studies covering a range of biological functions including proliferation, apoptosis, cancer stem cell phenotypes, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, and therapy resistance are discussed here in order to understand the potential of MELK as a clinically significant target for TNBC patients. Expert opinion: Targeting MELK may offer a novel therapeutic opportunity in TNBC and other cancers. Despite the abundance of correlative data, there is still much we do not know. There are a lack of potent, specific inhibitors against MELK, as well as an insufficient understanding of MELK's downstream substrates. Addressing these issues is the first step toward identifying a patient population that could benefit from MELK inhibition in combination with other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Pitner
- a Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Juliana M Taliaferro
- b Division of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- b Division of Medicinal Chemistry , The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy , Austin , TX , USA
| | - Chandra Bartholomeusz
- a Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research, Department of Breast Medical Oncology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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