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Mudambi S, Fitzgerald ME, Washington DL, Pera PJ, Huss WJ, Paragh G. Dual targeting of KDM1A and antioxidants is an effective anticancer strategy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.597953. [PMID: 38915482 PMCID: PMC11195178 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.597953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (KDM1A / LSD1) regulates mitochondrial respiration and stabilizes HIF-1A (hypoxia-inducible factor 1A). HIF-1A modulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels by increasing cellular glucose uptake, glycolysis, and endogenous antioxidants. The role of KDM1A in cellular ROS response has not previously been described. We determined the role of KDM1A in regulating the ROS response and the utility of KDM1A inhibitors in combination with ROS-inducing cancer therapies. Our results show that KDM1A inhibition sensitized cells to oxidative stress and increased total cellular ROS, which was mitigated by treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. KDM1A inhibition decreased basal mitochondrial respiration and impaired induction of HIF-1A after ROS exposure. Overexpression of HIF-1A salvaged cells from KDM1A inhibition enhanced sensitivity to ROS. Thus we found that increased sensitivity of ROS after KDM1A inhibition was mediated by HIF-1A and depletion of endogenous glutathione. We also show that KDM1A-specific inhibitor bizine synergized with antioxidant-depleting therapies, buthionine sulfoximine, and auranofin in rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines (Rh28 and Rh30). In this study, we describe a novel role for KDM1A in regulating HIF-1A functions under oxidative stress and found that dual targeting of KDM1A and antioxidant systems may serve as an effective combination anticancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaila Mudambi
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
| | - Megan E Fitzgerald
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
| | - Deschana L Washington
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
| | - Paula J Pera
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
| | - Wendy J Huss
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY, United States 14263
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2
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Abu-Zaid A, Fang J, Jin H, Singh S, Pichavaram P, Wu Q, Tillman H, Janke L, Rosikiewicz W, Xu B, Van De Velde LA, Guo Y, Li Y, Shendy NAM, Delahunty IM, Rankovic Z, Chen T, Chen X, Freeman KW, Hatley ME, Durbin AD, Murray PJ, Murphy AJ, Thomas PG, Davidoff AM, Yang J. Histone lysine demethylase 4 family proteins maintain the transcriptional program and adrenergic cellular state of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101468. [PMID: 38508144 PMCID: PMC10983111 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma with MYCN amplification (MNA) is a high-risk disease that has a poor survival rate. Neuroblastoma displays cellular heterogeneity, including more differentiated (adrenergic) and more primitive (mesenchymal) cellular states. Here, we demonstrate that MYCN oncoprotein promotes a cellular state switch in mesenchymal cells to an adrenergic state, accompanied by induction of histone lysine demethylase 4 family members (KDM4A-C) that act in concert to control the expression of MYCN and adrenergic core regulatory circulatory (CRC) transcription factors. Pharmacologic inhibition of KDM4 blocks expression of MYCN and the adrenergic CRC transcriptome with genome-wide induction of transcriptionally repressive H3K9me3, resulting in potent anticancer activity against neuroblastomas with MNA by inducing neuroblastic differentiation and apoptosis. Furthermore, a short-term KDM4 inhibition in combination with conventional, cytotoxic chemotherapy results in complete tumor responses of xenografts with MNA. Thus, KDM4 blockade may serve as a transformative strategy to target the adrenergic CRC dependencies in MNA neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abu-Zaid
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Hongjian Jin
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shivendra Singh
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Heather Tillman
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Laura Janke
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Wojciech Rosikiewicz
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lee-Ann Van De Velde
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yian Guo
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Biostatistics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Noha A M Shendy
- Department of Molecular Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ian M Delahunty
- Department of Molecular Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zoran Rankovic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Computational Biology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Kevin W Freeman
- Genetics, Genomics & Informatics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Mark E Hatley
- Department of Molecular Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Adam D Durbin
- Department of Molecular Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; St Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 500, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; St Jude Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 500, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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3
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Liu Z, Zhang X, Xu M, Hong JJ, Ciardiello A, Lei H, Shern JF, Thiele CJ. MYCN drives oncogenesis by cooperating with the histone methyltransferase G9a and the WDR5 adaptor to orchestrate global gene transcription. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002240. [PMID: 38547242 PMCID: PMC11003700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
MYCN activates canonical MYC targets involved in ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis, and represses neuronal differentiation genes to drive oncogenesis in neuroblastoma (NB). How MYCN orchestrates global gene expression remains incompletely understood. Our study finds that MYCN binds promoters to up-regulate canonical MYC targets but binds to both enhancers and promoters to repress differentiation genes. MYCN binding also increases H3K4me3 and H3K27ac on canonical MYC target promoters and decreases H3K27ac on neuronal differentiation gene enhancers and promoters. WDR5 facilitates MYCN promoter binding to activate canonical MYC target genes, whereas MYCN recruits G9a to enhancers to repress neuronal differentiation genes. Targeting both MYCN's active and repressive transcriptional activities using both WDR5 and G9a inhibitors synergistically suppresses NB growth. We demonstrate that MYCN cooperates with WDR5 and G9a to orchestrate global gene transcription. The targeting of both these cofactors is a novel therapeutic strategy to indirectly target the oncogenic activity of MYCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Man Xu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jason J. Hong
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amanda Ciardiello
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Haiyan Lei
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jack F. Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carol J. Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Shi Q, Yu B, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Xu C, Zhang M, Chen G, Luo F, Sun B, Yang R, Li Y, Feng H. Targeting TRIM24 promotes neuroblastoma differentiation and decreases tumorigenicity via LSD1/CoREST complex. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:1763-1775. [PMID: 37466744 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) still has an unfavorable prognosis and inducing NB differentiation is a potential strategy in clinical treatment, yet underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Here we identify TRIM24 as an important regulator of NB differentiation. METHODS Multiple datasets and clinical specimens were analyzed to define the role of TRIM24 in NB. The effects of TRIM24 on differentiation and growth of NB were determined by cell morphology, spheres formation, soft agar assay, and subcutaneous xenograft in nude mice. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR were used to identify genes and pathways involved. Mass spectrometry and co-immunoprecipitation were used to explore the interaction of proteins. RESULTS Trim24 is highly expressed in spontaneous NB in TH-MYCN transgenic mice and clinical NB specimens. It is associated with poor NB differentiation and unfavorable prognostic. Knockout of TRIM24 in neuroblastoma cells promotes cell differentiation, reduces cell stemness, and inhibits colony formation in soft agar and subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. Mechanistically, TRIM24 knockout alters genes and pathways related to neural differentiation and development by suppressing LSD1/CoREST complex formation. Besides, TRIM24 knockout activates the retinoic acid pathway. Targeting TRIM24 in combination with retinoic acid (RA) synergistically promotes NB cell differentiation and inhibits cell viability. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that TRIM24 is critical for NB differentiation and suggest that TRIM24 is a promising therapeutic target in combination with RA in NB differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Shi
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yingwen Zhang
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chenxin Xu
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Mingda Zhang
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Guoyu Chen
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bowen Sun
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yanxin Li
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Department of Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Haizhong Feng
- Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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5
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Deng Z, Richardson DR. The Myc Family and the Metastasis Suppressor NDRG1: Targeting Key Molecular Interactions with Innovative Therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1007-1035. [PMID: 37280098 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in ∼10 million deaths in 2020. Major oncogenic effectors are the Myc proto-oncogene family, which consists of three members including c-Myc, N-Myc, and L-Myc. As a pertinent example of the role of the Myc family in tumorigenesis, amplification of MYCN in childhood neuroblastoma strongly correlates with poor patient prognosis. Complexes between Myc oncoproteins and their partners such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and Myc-associated protein X (MAX) result in proliferation arrest and pro-proliferative effects, respectively. Interactions with other proteins are also important for N-Myc activity. For instance, the enhancer of zest homolog 2 (EZH2) binds directly to N-Myc to stabilize it by acting as a competitor against the ubiquitin ligase, SCFFBXW7, which prevents proteasomal degradation. Heat shock protein 90 may also be involved in N-Myc stabilization since it binds to EZH2 and prevents its degradation. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is downregulated by N-Myc and participates in the regulation of cellular proliferation via associating with other proteins, such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. These molecular interactions provide a better understanding of the biologic roles of N-Myc and NDRG1, which can be potentially used as therapeutic targets. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key interactions may also be a promising strategy for anti-cancer drug development. This review examines the interactions between the Myc proteins and other molecules, with a special focus on the relationship between N-Myc and NDRG1 and possible therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Neuroblastoma is one of the most common childhood solid tumors, with a dismal five-year survival rate. This problem makes it imperative to discover new and more effective therapeutics. The molecular interactions between major oncogenic drivers of the Myc family and other key proteins; for example, the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, may potentially be used as targets for anti-neuroblastoma drug development. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key molecular interactions may also be promising for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Deng
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
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Liu Z, Zhang X, Xu M, Hong JJ, Ciardiello A, Lei H, Shern JF, Thiele CJ. MYCN driven oncogenesis involves cooperation with WDR5 to activate canonical MYC targets and G9a to repress differentiation genes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.11.548643. [PMID: 37781575 PMCID: PMC10541123 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
MYCN activates canonical MYC targets involved in ribosome biogenesis, protein synthesis and represses neuronal differentiation genes to drive oncogenesis in neuroblastoma (NB). How MYCN orchestrates global gene expression remains incompletely understood. Our study finds that MYCN binds promoters to up-regulate canonical MYC targets but binds to both enhancers and promoters to repress differentiation genes. MYCN-binding also increases H3K4me3 and H3K27ac on canonical MYC target promoters and decreases H3K27ac on neuronal differentiation gene enhancers and promoters. WDR5 is needed to facilitate MYCN promoter binding to activate canonical MYC target genes, whereas MYCN recruits G9a to enhancers to repress neuronal differentiation genes. Targeting both MYCN's active and repressive transcriptional activities using both WDR5 and G9a inhibitors synergistically suppresses NB growth. We demonstrate that MYCN cooperates with WDR5 and G9a to orchestrate global gene transcription. The targeting of both these cofactors is a novel therapeutic strategy to indirectly target the oncogenic activity of MYCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiyuan Zhang
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Man Xu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jason J. Hong
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Ciardiello
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haiyan Lei
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jack F. Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carol J. Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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MYCN Amplification, along with Wild-Type RB1 Expression, Enhances CDK4/6 Inhibitors’ Efficacy in Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065408. [PMID: 36982482 PMCID: PMC10049239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the primary causes of death for pediatric malignancies. Given the high heterogeneity in NB’s mutation landscape, optimizing individualized therapies is still challenging. In the context of genomic alterations, MYCN amplification is the most correlated event with poor outcomes. MYCN is involved in the regulation of several cellular mechanisms, including cell cycle. Thus, studying the influence of MYCN overexpression in the G1/S transition checkpoint of the cell cycle may unveil novel druggable targets for the development of personalized therapeutical approaches. Here, we show that high expression of E2F3 and MYCN correlate with poor prognosis in NB despite the RB1 mRNA levels. Moreover, we demonstrate through luciferase reporter assays that MYCN bypasses RB function by incrementing E2F3-responsive promoter activity. We showed that MYCN overexpression leads to RB inactivation by inducing RB hyperphosphorylation during the G1 phase through cell cycle synchronization experiments. Moreover, we generated two MYCN-amplified NB cell lines conditionally knockdown (cKD) for the RB1 gene through a CRISPRi approach. Indeed, RB KD did not affect cell proliferation, whereas cell proliferation was strongly influenced when a non-phosphorylatable RB mutant was expressed. This finding revealed the dispensable role of RB in regulating MYCN-amplified NB’s cell cycle. The described genetic interaction between MYCN and RB1 provides the rationale for using cyclin/CDK complexes inhibitors in NBs carrying MYCN amplification and relatively high levels of RB1 expression.
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A Review of the Regulatory Mechanisms of N-Myc on Cell Cycle. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031141. [PMID: 36770809 PMCID: PMC9920120 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma has obvious heterogeneity. It is one of the few undifferentiated malignant tumors that can spontaneously degenerate into completely benign tumors. However, for its high-risk type, even with various intensive treatment options, the prognosis is still unsatisfactory. At the same time, a large number of research data show that the abnormal amplification and high-level expression of the MYCN gene are positively correlated with the malignant progression, poor prognosis, and mortality of neuroblastoma. In this context, this article explores the role of the N-Myc, MYCN gene expression product on its target genes related to the cell cycle and reveals its regulatory network in promoting tumor proliferation and malignant progression. We hope it can provide ideas and direction for the research and development of drugs targeting N-Myc and its downstream target genes.
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9
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Shu F, Xiao H, Li QN, Ren XS, Liu ZG, Hu BW, Wang HS, Wang H, Jiang GM. Epigenetic and post-translational modifications in autophagy: biological functions and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:32. [PMID: 36646695 PMCID: PMC9842768 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway where cellular components are dynamically degraded and re-processed to maintain physical homeostasis. However, the physiological effect of autophagy appears to be multifaced. On the one hand, autophagy functions as a cytoprotective mechanism, protecting against multiple diseases, especially tumor, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative and infectious disease. Conversely, autophagy may also play a detrimental role via pro-survival effects on cancer cells or cell-killing effects on normal body cells. During disorder onset and progression, the expression levels of autophagy-related regulators and proteins encoded by autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are abnormally regulated, giving rise to imbalanced autophagy flux. However, the detailed mechanisms and molecular events of this process are quite complex. Epigenetic, including DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNAs, and post-translational modifications, including ubiquitination, phosphorylation and acetylation, precisely manipulate gene expression and protein function, and are strongly correlated with the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. There is substantial evidence that autophagy-relevant regulators and machineries are subjected to epigenetic and post-translational modulation, resulting in alterations in autophagy levels, which subsequently induces disease or affects the therapeutic effectiveness to agents. In this review, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms mediated by epigenetic and post-translational modifications in disease-related autophagy to unveil potential therapeutic targets. In addition, the effect of autophagy on the therapeutic effectiveness of epigenetic drugs or drugs targeting post-translational modification have also been discussed, providing insights into the combination with autophagy activators or inhibitors in the treatment of clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shu
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Han Xiao
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Qiu-Nuo Li
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Xiao-Shuai Ren
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Cancer Center, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong China
| | - Bo-Wen Hu
- grid.452859.70000 0004 6006 3273Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong China
| | - Hong-Sheng Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Guan-Min Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
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Mills CM, Turner J, Piña IC, Garrabrant KA, Geerts D, Bachmann AS, Peterson YK, Woster PM. Synthesis and evaluation of small molecule inhibitors of LSD1 for use against MYCN-expressing neuroblastoma. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Hu X, Liu R, Hou J, Peng W, Wan S, Xu M, Li Y, Zhang G, Zhai X, Liang P, Cui H. SMARCE1 promotes neuroblastoma tumorigenesis through assisting MYCN-mediated transcriptional activation. Oncogene 2022; 41:4295-4306. [PMID: 35978151 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SMARCE1 gene, encoding a core subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, is situated on chromosome 17q21-ter region that is frequently gained in neuroblastoma. However, its role in the tumorigenesis remains unknown. Here, we showed that high expression of SMARCE1 was associated with poor prognosis of patients with neuroblastoma, especially those with MYCN amplification. Knockdown of SMARCE1 reduced proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenicity of neuroblastoma cells. Mechanistically, SMARCE1 directly interacted with MYCN, which was necessary for MYCN-mediated transcriptional activation of downstream target genes including PLK1, ODC1, and E2F2. Overexpression of PLK1, ODC1 or E2F2 significantly reversed the inhibiting effect of SMARCE1 knockdown on the proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenicity of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, we revealed that MYCN directly regulated SMARCE1 transcription through binding to a non-canonical E-box of SMARCE1 promoter, thus enhancing SMARCE1-MYCN cooperativity. These findings establish SMARCE1 is a critical oncogenic factor in neuroblastoma and provide a new potential target for treatment of neuroblastoma with 17q21-ter gain and MYCN amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Ruochen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Jianbing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Sicheng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Yongsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Guanghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Xuan Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China. .,Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China.
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12
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Urban-Wójciuk Z, Graham A, Barker K, Kwok C, Sbirkov Y, Howell L, Campbell J, Woster PM, Poon E, Petrie K, Chesler L. The biguanide polyamine analog verlindamycin promotes differentiation in neuroblastoma via induction of antizyme. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:940-950. [PMID: 34522028 PMCID: PMC9293756 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated polyamine biosynthesis is emerging as a common feature of neuroblastoma and drugs targeting this metabolic pathway such as DFMO are in clinical and preclinical development. The polyamine analog verlindamycin inhibits the polyamine biosynthesis pathway enzymes SMOX and PAOX, as well as the histone demethylase LSD1. Based on our previous research in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we reasoned verlindamycin may also unblock neuroblastoma differentiation when combined with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Indeed, co-treatment with verlindamycin and ATRA strongly induced differentiation regardless of MYCN status, but in MYCN-expressing cells, protein levels were strongly diminished. This process was not transcriptionally regulated but was due to increased degradation of MYCN protein, at least in part via ubiquitin-independent, proteasome-dependent destruction. Here we report that verlindamycin effectively induces the expression of functional tumor suppressor-antizyme via ribosomal frameshifting. Consistent with previous results describing the function of antizyme, we found that verlindamycin treatment led to the selective targeting of ornithine decarboxylase (the rate-limiting enzyme for polyamine biosynthesis) as well as key oncoproteins, such as cyclin D and Aurora A kinase. Retinoid-based multimodal differentiation therapy is one of the few interventions that extends relapse-free survival in MYCN-associated high-risk neuroblastoma and these results point toward the potential use of verlindamycin in this regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Urban-Wójciuk
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Amy Graham
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Karen Barker
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Colin Kwok
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yordan Sbirkov
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Louise Howell
- Cell Imaging Facility, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - James Campbell
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Patrick M Woster
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Evon Poon
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Kevin Petrie
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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13
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HAUSP Is a Key Epigenetic Regulator of the Chromatin Effector Proteins. Genes (Basel) 2021; 13:genes13010042. [PMID: 35052383 PMCID: PMC8774506 DOI: 10.3390/genes13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HAUSP (herpes virus-associated ubiquitin-specific protease), also known as Ubiquitin Specific Protease 7, plays critical roles in cellular processes, such as chromatin biology and epigenetics, through the regulation of different signaling pathways. HAUSP is a main partner of the “Epigenetic Code Replication Machinery,” ECREM, a large protein complex that includes several epigenetic players, such as the ubiquitin-like containing plant homeodomain (PHD) and an interesting new gene (RING), finger domains 1 (UHRF1), as well as DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), histone methyltransferase G9a, and histone acetyltransferase TIP60. Due to its deubiquitinase activity and its ability to team up through direct interactions with several epigenetic regulators, mainly UHRF1, DNMT1, TIP60, the histone lysine methyltransferase EZH2, and the lysine-specific histone demethylase LSD1, HAUSP positions itself at the top of the regulatory hierarchies involved in epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes in cancer. This review highlights the increasing role of HAUSP as an epigenetic master regulator that governs a set of epigenetic players involved in both the maintenance of DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications.
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14
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MiR-137-3p Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Migration by Regulating a KDM1A-Dependent Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:2272-2282. [PMID: 32749639 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In colorectal cancer (CRC), miR-137-3p downregulation is associated with disease progression, but the mechanism is not fully understood. KDM1A, also known as LSD1, is upregulated in various cancer and promotes tumor metastasis. Interestingly, miR-137-3p is downregulated by hypoxia, which plays critical roles in tumor metastasis, and KDM1A is a miR-137-3p target gene in brain tumors. AIMS To study if CRC metastasis is regulated by a hypoxia/miR-137-3p/KDM1A axis and if the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is involved. METHODS We measured the levels of miR-137-3p, KDM1A, and some EMT markers in CRC biopsy tissues and cell lines. We also investigated the regulation of KDM1A by miR-137-3p and the effects of KDM1A inhibition on the EMT process and cell migration. RESULTS We verified the low miR-137-3p and high KDM1A levels in CRC tumors. Inhibiting miR-137-3p upregulated KDM1A expression and promoted the invasiveness of CRC cells. KDM1A knockdown, or treatment with tranylcypromine, a specific KDM1A inhibitor, reduced the migration and invasion of CRC cells by inhibiting the EMT process. CRC cells cultured under hypoxic conditions expressed less miR-137-3p but more KDM1A than cells cultured under normal conditions, implying the involvement of miR-137-3p and KDM1A in hypoxia-induced tumor metastasis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that MiR-137-3p inhibits CRC cell migration by regulating a KDM1A-dependent EMT process. Our study suggests that restoring the expression of miR-137-3p or targeting KDM1A might be potential therapeutic strategies for CRC.
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15
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Lang F, Liu Y, Chou FJ, Yang C. Genotoxic therapy and resistance mechanism in gliomas. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107922. [PMID: 34171339 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is one of the most common and lethal brain tumors. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy plus chemotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with glioma. The existence of resistance to genotoxic therapy, as well as the nature of tumor heterogeneity greatly limits the efficacy of glioma therapy. DNA damage repair pathways play essential roles in many aspects of glioma biology such as cancer progression, therapy resistance, and tumor relapse. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) repairs the cytotoxic DNA lesion generated by temozolomide (TMZ), considered as the main mechanism of drug resistance. In addition, mismatch repair, base excision repair, and homologous recombination DNA repair also play pivotal roles in treatment resistance as well. Furthermore, cellular mechanisms, such as cancer stem cells, evasion from apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming, also contribute to TMZ resistance in gliomas. Investigations over the past two decades have revealed comprehensive mechanisms of glioma therapy resistance, which has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and targeting molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Lang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fu-Ju Chou
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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16
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Punnia-Moorthy G, Hersey P, Emran AA, Tiffen J. Lysine Demethylases: Promising Drug Targets in Melanoma and Other Cancers. Front Genet 2021; 12:680633. [PMID: 34220955 PMCID: PMC8242339 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation has been implicated in a variety of pathological processes including carcinogenesis. A major group of enzymes that influence epigenetic modifications are lysine demethylases (KDMs) also known as "erasers" which remove methyl groups on lysine (K) amino acids of histones. Numerous studies have implicated aberrant lysine demethylase activity in a variety of cancers, including melanoma. This review will focus on the structure, classification and functions of KDMs in normal biology and the current knowledge of how KDMs are deregulated in cancer pathogenesis, emphasizing our interest in melanoma. We highlight the current knowledge gaps of KDMs in melanoma pathobiology and describe opportunities to increases our understanding of their importance in this disease. We summarize the progress of several pre-clinical compounds that inhibit KDMs and represent promising candidates for further investigation in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaya Punnia-Moorthy
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Epigenetics Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Hersey
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Emran
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessamy Tiffen
- Melanoma Oncology and Immunology Group, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Epigenetics Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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17
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Nagy Z, Seneviratne JA, Kanikevich M, Chang W, Mayoh C, Venkat P, Du Y, Jiang C, Salib A, Koach J, Carter DR, Mittra R, Liu T, Parker MW, Cheung BB, Marshall GM. An ALYREF-MYCN coactivator complex drives neuroblastoma tumorigenesis through effects on USP3 and MYCN stability. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1881. [PMID: 33767157 PMCID: PMC7994381 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To achieve the very high oncoprotein levels required to drive the malignant state cancer cells utilise the ubiquitin proteasome system to upregulate transcription factor levels. Here our analyses identify ALYREF, expressed from the most common genetic copy number variation in neuroblastoma, chromosome 17q21-ter gain as a key regulator of MYCN protein turnover. We show strong co-operativity between ALYREF and MYCN from transgenic models of neuroblastoma in vitro and in vivo. The two proteins form a nuclear coactivator complex which stimulates transcription of the ubiquitin specific peptidase 3, USP3. We show that increased USP3 levels reduce K-48- and K-63-linked ubiquitination of MYCN, thus driving up MYCN protein stability. In the MYCN-ALYREF-USP3 signal, ALYREF is required for MYCN effects on the malignant phenotype and that of USP3 on MYCN stability. This data defines a MYCN oncoprotein dependency state which provides a rationale for future pharmacological studies. Neuroblastoma (NB) is often driven by MYCN amplification. Here, the authors show that the most frequent genetic lesion, gain of 17q21-ter in NB leads to overexpression of ALYREF, which forms a complex with MYCN, regulating MYCN stability via the deubiquitinating enzyme, USP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Nagy
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Janith A Seneviratne
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maxwell Kanikevich
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William Chang
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Pooja Venkat
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yanhua Du
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cizhong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alice Salib
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jessica Koach
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rituparna Mittra
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Belamy B Cheung
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia. .,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia. .,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
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18
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Liu Z, Chen SS, Clarke S, Veschi V, Thiele CJ. Targeting MYCN in Pediatric and Adult Cancers. Front Oncol 2021; 10:623679. [PMID: 33628735 PMCID: PMC7898977 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.623679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulation of the MYC family of oncogenes, including c-MYC, MYCN and MYCL occurs in many types of cancers, and is frequently associated with a poor prognosis. The majority of functional studies have focused on c-MYC due to its broad expression profile in human cancers. The existence of highly conserved functional domains between MYCN and c-MYC suggests that MYCN participates in similar activities. MYC encodes a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) transcription factor (TF) whose central oncogenic role in many human cancers makes it a highly desirable therapeutic target. Historically, as a TF, MYC has been regarded as “undruggable”. Thus, recent efforts focus on investigating methods to indirectly target MYC to achieve anti-tumor effects. This review will primarily summarize the recent progress in understanding the function of MYCN. It will explore efforts at targeting MYCN, including strategies aimed at suppression of MYCN transcription, destabilization of MYCN protein, inhibition of MYCN transcriptional activity, repression of MYCN targets and utilization of MYCN overexpression dependent synthetic lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Liu
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Samuel S Chen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Saki Clarke
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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19
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Histone demethylase KDM4C controls tumorigenesis of glioblastoma by epigenetically regulating p53 and c-Myc. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:89. [PMID: 33462212 PMCID: PMC7814060 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal brain tumor and its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. KDM4C is a histone H3K9 demethylase that contributes to epigenetic regulation of both oncogene and tumor suppressor genes and is often overexpressed in human tumors, including glioblastoma. However, KDM4C’s roles in glioblastoma and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that KDM4C knockdown significantly represses proliferation and tumorigenesis of glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo that are rescued by overexpressing wild-type KDM4C but not a catalytic dead mutant. KDM4C protein expression is upregulated in glioblastoma, and its expression correlates with c-Myc expression. KDM4C also binds to the c-Myc promoter and induces c-Myc expression. Importantly, KDM4C suppresses the pro-apoptotic functions of p53 by demethylating p53K372me1, which is pivotal for the stability of chromatin-bound p53. Conversely, depletion or inhibition of KDM4C promotes p53 target gene expression and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma. KDM4C may serve as an oncogene through the dual functions of inactivation of p53 and activation of c-Myc in glioblastoma. Our study demonstrates KDM4C inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for targeting glioblastoma.
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20
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system and one of the most common solid tumors in infancy. Amplification of MYCN, copy number alterations, numerical and segmental chromosomal aberrations, mutations, and rearrangements on a handful of genes, such as ALK, ATRX, TP53, RAS/MAPK pathway genes, and TERT, are attributed as underlying causes that give rise to NB. However, the heterogeneous nature of the disease-along with the relative paucity of recurrent somatic mutations-reinforces the need to understand the interplay of genetic factors and epigenetic alterations in the context of NB. Epigenetic mechanisms tightly control gene expression, embryogenesis, imprinting, chromosomal stability, and tumorigenesis, thereby playing a pivotal role in physio- and pathological settings. The main epigenetic alterations include aberrant DNA methylation, disrupted patterns of posttranslational histone modifications, alterations in chromatin composition and/or architecture, and aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs. DNA methylation and demethylation are mediated by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, respectively, while histone modifications are coordinated by histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases (HATs, HDACs), and histone methyltransferases and demethylases (HMTs, HDMs). This article focuses predominately on the crosstalk between the epigenome and NB, and the implications it has on disease diagnosis and treatment.
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21
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Zhao K, Li Y, Han T, Sun A, Bian W, Li M, Lin Q, Shao G. Comparison of the expression levels of lysine-specific demethylase 1 and survival outcomes between triple-negative and non-triple-negative breast cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:102. [PMID: 33376535 PMCID: PMC7751332 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a nuclear protein and the first histone demethylase to be identified. LSD1 is an evolutionarily conserved member of the FAD-dependent amine oxidase family and serves an important role in controlling gene expression. LSD1 has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of several types of human cancer; however, to the best of our knowledge, the expression levels and clinical significance of LSD1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and non-triple-negative breast cancer (NTNBC) have not been investigated in detail. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the expression levels of LSD1 in TNBC and NTNBC to determine the prognostic significance of LSD1 in breast cancer. Previous studies have suggested that LSD1 may be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer; however, the findings of the present study indicated that LSD1 may not be a suitable molecular treatment target and auxiliary diagnostic indicator for TNBC and NTNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangrong Zhao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yanlin Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Tiantian Han
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Aiqin Sun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wenxuan Bian
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Genbao Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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22
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Wang J, Yu Q, Qiu Z, Dai T, Wang S, Yang X, Evers BM, Wu Y. The combined effect of epigenetic inhibitors for LSD1 and BRD4 alters prostate cancer growth and invasion. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:397-415. [PMID: 31901895 PMCID: PMC6977660 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play an important role in prostate tumor development and progression. Epigenetic drugs are emerging as effective modulators of gene expression that act on pathways potentially important in the control of cancer clinically. We investigated two different epigenetic modulating drugs, SP-2509 and JQ1, that target histone lysine demethylase 1 (LSD1), and bromodomain-containing protein (BRD), respectively and their combined effect in three different prostate cancer (PCa) types: 1) androgen receptor (AR)-positive and androgen-sensitive; 2) AR-positive but castration-resistant; and 3) androgen-nonresponsive. We found combined treatment provided a synergistic growth inhibition in castration-resistant PCa cells but knockdown of AR reduced sensitivity to both inhibitors in these cells. In the androgen-sensitive cell lines, AR knockdown attenuated sensitivity to the LSD1 inhibitor but not the JQ1 inhibitor. Strikingly, treatment with SP-2509 slightly, and JQ1 markedly increased invasion in PCa cells with high AR expression but decreased invasion in PCa cells with low/negative AR expression. Our results suggest that these two epigenetic drugs are novel and promising compounds for the development of PCa therapeutics, particularly for castration-resistant disease. However, due to the potential risks, including metastasis, caution must be exercised in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Zhaoping Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Tao Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Xiuwei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Department of Surgery, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutrition Science, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA,Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Nagasaka M, Tsuzuki K, Ozeki Y, Tokugawa M, Ohoka N, Inoue Y, Hayashi H. Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) Is a Novel Target Gene of c-Myc. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:481-488. [PMID: 30828079 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) is a histone demethylase and specifically catalyzes the demethylation of mono- and di-methylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4). The LSD1-mediated demethylation of H3K4 promotes the assembly of the c-Myc-induced transcription initiation complex. Although LSD1 and c-Myc are both strongly expressed in human cancers, the mechanisms by which their activities are coordinated remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that LSD1 is a direct target gene of c-Myc. The knockdown of c-Myc decreased the expression of LSD1 in several cancer cell lines. We identified two non-canonical E-boxes in the proximal promoter region of the LSD1 gene. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that c-Myc bound to these E-boxes in the LSD1 promoter. Importantly, LSD1 mRNA expression correlated with c-Myc expression in human acute myeloid leukemia (AML), glioblastoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, and prostate adenocarcinoma. The present results suggest that LSD1 is induced by c-Myc and forms a positive feedback mechanism in transcription reactions by c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nagasaka
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Kaori Tsuzuki
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Yu Ozeki
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Muneshige Tokugawa
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University.,Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University.,Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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24
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Zhang W, Sun W, Qin Y, Wu C, He L, Zhang T, Shao L, Zhang H, Zhang P. Knockdown of KDM1A suppresses tumour migration and invasion by epigenetically regulating the TIMP1/MMP9 pathway in papillary thyroid cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4933-4944. [PMID: 31211500 PMCID: PMC6653290 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation plays an important role in cancer. Histone demethylation is a well‐known mechanism of epigenetic regulation that promotes or inhibits tumourigenesis in various malignant tumours. However, the pathogenic role of histone demethylation modifiers in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), which has a high incidence of early lymphatic metastasis, is largely unknown. Here, we detected the expression of common histone demethylation modifiers and found that the histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) and H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) demethylase KDM1A (or lysine demethylase 1A) is frequently overexpressed in PTC tissues and cell lines. High KDM1A expression correlated positively with age <55 years and lymph node metastasis in patients with PTC. Moreover, KDM1A was required for PTC cell migration and invasion. KDM1A knockdown inhibited the migration and invasive abilities of PTC cells both in vitro and in vivo. We also identified tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) as a key KDM1A target gene. KDM1A activated matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) through epigenetic repression of TIMP1 expression by demethylating H3K4me2 at the TIMP1 promoter region. Rescue experiments clarified these findings. Altogether, we have uncovered a new mechanism of KDM1A repression of TIMP1 in PTC and suggest that KDM1A may be a promising therapeutic target in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenQian Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - CangHao Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang Liaoning Province, China
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25
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Saccà CD, Gorini F, Ambrosio S, Amente S, Faicchia D, Matarese G, Lania L, Majello B. Inhibition of lysine-specific demethylase LSD1 induces senescence in Glioblastoma cells through a HIF-1α-dependent pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:535-546. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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26
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Wobser M, Weber A, Glunz A, Tauch S, Seitz K, Butelmann T, Hesbacher S, Goebeler M, Bartz R, Kohlhof H, Schrama D, Houben R. Elucidating the mechanism of action of domatinostat (4SC-202) in cutaneous T cell lymphoma cells. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:30. [PMID: 30885250 PMCID: PMC6423872 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting epigenetic modifiers is effective in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL). However, there is a need for further improvement of this therapeutic approach. Here, we compared the mode of action of romidepsin (FK228), an established class I histone deacetylase inhibitor, and domatinostat (4SC-202), a novel inhibitor of class I HDACs, which has been reported to also target the lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1). Methods We performed MTS assays and flow cytometric analyses of propidium iodide or annexin V-stained cells to assess drug impact on cellular proliferation, cell cycle distribution, and survival. Histone acetylation and methylation as well as caspase activation was analyzed by immunoblot. Gene expression analysis was performed using NanosString technology. Knockdown and knockout of LSD1 was achieved with shRNA and CRISPR/Cas9, respectively, while the CRISPR/Cas9 synergistic activation mediator system was used to induce expression of endogenous HDACs and LSD1. Furthermore, time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay were applied. Results While FK228 as well as 4SC-202 potently induced cell death in six different CTCL cell lines, only in the case of 4SC-202 death was preceded by an accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Surprisingly, apoptosis and accumulation of cells with double DNA content occurred already at 4SC-202 concentrations hardly affecting histone acetylation and methylation, and provoking significantly less changes in gene expression compared to biologically equivalent doses of FK228. Indeed, we provide evidence that the 4SC-202-induced G2/M arrest in CTCL cells is independent of de novo transcription. Furthermore, neither enforced expression of HDAC1 nor knockdown or knockout of LSD1 affected the 4SC-202-induced effects. Since time-lapse microscopy revealed that 4SC-202 could affect mitotic spindle formation, we performed an in vitro tubulin polymerization assay revealing that 4SC-202 can directly inhibit microtubule formation. Conclusions We demonstrate that 4SC-202, a drug currently tested in clinical trials, effectively inhibits growth of CTCL cells. The anti-cancer cell activity of 4SC-202 is however not limited to LSD1-inhibition, modulation of histone modifications, and consecutive alteration of gene expression. Indeed, the compound is also a potent microtubule-destabilizing agent. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13045-019-0719-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Wobser
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Weber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Amelie Glunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Saskia Tauch
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Seitz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Butelmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Hesbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - René Bartz
- 4SC company, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - David Schrama
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Houben
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Li W, Cao J, Liu J, Chu W, Zhang C, Chen S, Kang Z. Downregulation of CDKL1 suppresses neuroblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:19. [PMID: 30891073 PMCID: PMC6407201 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 1 (CDKL1) is a member of the cell division control protein 2-related serine–threonine protein kinase family. It is known to occur in various malignant tumors, but its role in neuroblastoma (NB) remains unclear. Methods We constructed a CDKL1-silenced NB cell strain (SH-SY5Y) and used real-time PCR and western blotting to confirm the silencing. Functional analyses were performed using the MTT, colony-formation, FACS, wound-healing and transwell invasion assays. Results The expression of CDKL1 was significantly upregulated in NB tissue as compared to the adjacent normal tissue. CDKL1 knockdown significantly suppressed cell viability and colony formation ability. It also induced cell cycle G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis, and suppressed the migration and invasion ability of SH-SY5Y cells. CDKL1 knockdown decreased the CDK4, cyclin D1 and vimentin expression levels, and increased the caspase-3, PARP and E-cadherin expression levels in SH-SY5Y cells. Conclusions Our findings suggest that CDKL1 plays an important role in NB cell proliferation, migration and invasion. It might serve as a potential target for NB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Li
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
| | - Jing Cao
- Yinan Branch of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Linyi, Shandong China
| | - Jian Liu
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
| | - Wenli Chu
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
| | - Congqing Zhang
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
| | - Shuiling Chen
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
| | - Zefeng Kang
- 1Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No 33 Lugu Road, Shijingshan district, Beijing, 100040 China
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Majello B, Gorini F, Saccà CD, Amente S. Expanding the Role of the Histone Lysine-Specific Demethylase LSD1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030324. [PMID: 30866496 PMCID: PMC6468368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of alterations in histone methylation in cancer have led to the identification of histone methyltransferases and demethylases as novel targets for therapy. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1, also known as KDM1A), demethylates H3K4me1/2, or H3K9me1/2 in a context-dependent manner. In addition to the well-studied role of LSD1 in the epigenetic regulation of histone methylation changes, LSD1 regulates the methylation dynamic of several non-histone proteins and participates in the assembly of different long noncoding RNA (lncRNA_ complexes. LSD1 is highly expressed in various cancers, playing a pivotal role in different cancer-related processes. Here, we summarized recent findings on the role of LSD1 in the regulation of different biological processes in cancer cells through dynamic methylation of non-histone proteins and physical association with dedicated lncRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples, 'Federico II', 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | | | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples, 'Federico II', 80131 Naples, Italy.
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29
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Ambrosio S, Ballabio A, Majello B. Histone methyl-transferases and demethylases in the autophagy regulatory network: the emerging role of KDM1A/LSD1 demethylase. Autophagy 2018; 15:187-196. [PMID: 30208749 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1520546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a physiological mechanism that is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and stress adaptation. Defective autophagy is associated with many human diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The emerging implication of epigenetic events in the control of the autophagic process opens new avenues of investigation and offers the opportunity to develop novel therapeutic strategies in diseases associated with dysfunctional autophagy-lysosomal pathways. Accumulating evidence reveals that several methyltransferases and demethylases are essential regulators of autophagy, and recent studies have led to the identification of the lysine demethylase KDM1A/LSD1 as a promising drug target. KDM1A/LSD1 modulates autophagy at multiple levels, participating in the transcriptional control of several downstream effectors. This review summarizes our current understanding of the role of KDM1A/LSD1 in the autophagy regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ambrosio
- a Department of Biology , Federico II University , Naples , Italy.,b Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) , Pozzuoli, Naples , Italy
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- b Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) , Pozzuoli, Naples , Italy.,c Medical Genetics, Department of Translational Medicine , Federico II University , Naples , Italy.,d Department of Molecular and Human Genetics , Baylor College of Medicine and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Barbara Majello
- a Department of Biology , Federico II University , Naples , Italy
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30
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Ram Kumar RM, Schor NF. Methylation of DNA and chromatin as a mechanism of oncogenesis and therapeutic target in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22184-22193. [PMID: 29774131 PMCID: PMC5955135 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), a developmental cancer, is often fatal, emphasizing the need to understand its pathogenesis and identify new therapeutic targets. The heterogeneous pathological and clinical phenotype of NB underscores the cryptic biological and genetic features of this tumor that result in outcomes ranging from rapid progression to spontaneous regression. Despite recent genome-wide mutation analyses, most primary NBs do not harbor driver mutations, implicating epigenetically-mediated gene regulatory mechanisms in the initiation and maintenance of NB. Aberrant epigenomic mechanisms, as demonstrated by global changes in DNA methylation signatures, acetylation, re-distribution of histone marks, and change in the chromatin architecture, are hypothesized to play a role in NB oncogenesis. This paper reviews the evidence for, putative mechanisms underlying, and prospects for therapeutic targeting of NB oncogenesis related to DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Mohan Ram Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics and Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nina Felice Schor
- Department of Pediatrics and Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Current affiliation: National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Agarwal S, Milazzo G, Rajapakshe K, Bernardi R, Chen Z, Barbieri E, Koster J, Perini G, Coarfa C, Shohet JM. MYCN acts as a direct co-regulator of p53 in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20323-20338. [PMID: 29755654 PMCID: PMC5945521 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC oncogenes and p53 have opposing yet interrelated roles in normal development and tumorigenesis. How MYCN expression alters the biology and clinical responsiveness of pediatric neuroblastoma remains poorly defined. Neuroblastoma is p53 wild type at diagnosis and repression of p53 signaling is required for tumorigenesis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that MYCN amplification alters p53 transcriptional activity in neuroblastoma. Interestingly, we found that MYCN directly binds to the tetrameric form of p53 at its C-terminal domain, and this interaction is independent of MYCN/MAX heterodimer formation. Chromatin analysis of MYCN and p53 targets reveals dramatic changes in binding, as well as co-localization of the MYCN-p53 complex at p53-REs and E-boxes of genes critical to DNA damage responses and cell cycle progression. RNA sequencing studies show that MYCN-p53 co-localization significantly modulated the expression of p53 target genes. Furthermore, MYCN-p53 interaction leads to regulation of alternative p53 targets not regulated in the presence of low MYCN levels. These novel targets include a number of genes involved in lipid metabolism, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Taken together, our findings demonstrate a novel oncogenic role of MYCN as a transcriptional co-regulator of p53 in high-risk MYCN amplified neuroblastoma. Targeting this novel oncogenic function of MYCN may enhance p53-mediated responses and sensitize MYCN amplified tumors to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Agarwal
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giorgio Milazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ronald Bernardi
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zaowen Chen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Eveline Barbieri
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason M Shohet
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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32
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Ambrosio S, Majello B. Targeting Histone Demethylase LSD1/KDM1a in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518765743. [PMID: 29581704 PMCID: PMC5863861 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518765743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosome pathway sustains cellular homeostasis and is a protective mechanism against neurodegenerative diseases. Recent findings highlight the role of the histone demethylases LSD1/LDM1A as a pivotal regulator of autophagy process, by controlling the mTORC1 cascade, in neuroblastoma cells. LSD1 binds to the promoter region of the SESN2 gene, where LSD1-mediated demethylation leads to the accumulation of repressive histone marks that maintain SESN2 expression at low levels. LSD1 depletion results in enhanced SESN2 expression and consequently mTORC1 inhibition, thereby triggering the induction of autophagy. Our study provides important insight into neuroepigenetic mechanisms regulating the autophagic process, offering additional opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in diseases associated with dysfunctional autophagy-lysosomal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ambrosio
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Ferrucci F, Ciaccio R, Monticelli S, Pigini P, di Giacomo S, Purgato S, Erriquez D, Bernardoni R, Norris M, Haber M, Milazzo G, Perini G. MAX to MYCN intracellular ratio drives the aggressive phenotype and clinical outcome of high risk neuroblastoma. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:235-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ambrosio S, Amente S, Saccà CD, Capasso M, Calogero RA, Lania L, Majello B. LSD1 mediates MYCN control of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through silencing of metastatic suppressor NDRG1 gene. Oncotarget 2018; 8:3854-3869. [PMID: 27894074 PMCID: PMC5354800 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) with MYCN amplification is a highly aggressive and metastatic tumor in children. The high recurrence rate and resistance of NB cells to drugs urgently demands a better therapy for this disease. We have recently found that MYCN interacts with the lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a histone modifier that participates in key aspects of gene transcription. In cancer cells, LSD1 contributes to the genetic reprogramming that underlies to Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and tumor metastasis. Here, we show that LSD1 affects motility and invasiveness of NB cells by modulating the transcription of the metastasis suppressor NDRG1 (N-Myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 1). At mechanistic level, we found that LSD1 co-localizes with MYCN at the promoter region of the NDRG1 gene and inhibits its expression. Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 relieves repression of NDRG1 by MYCN and affects motility and invasiveness of NB cells. These effects were reversed by overexpressing NDRG1. In NB tissues, high levels of LSD1 correlate with low levels of NDRG1 and reduced patients survival. Collectively, our findings elucidate a mechanism of how MYCN/LSD1 control motility and invasiveness of NB cells through transcription regulation of NDRG1 expression and suggest that pharmacological targeting of LSD1 represents a valuable approach for NB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ambrosio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Amente
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen D Saccà
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Capasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Napoli, Italy
| | - Raffaele A Calogero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Lania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples, 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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35
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Staberg M, Rasmussen RD, Michaelsen SR, Pedersen H, Jensen KE, Villingshøj M, Skjoth-Rasmussen J, Brennum J, Vitting-Seerup K, Poulsen HS, Hamerlik P. Targeting glioma stem-like cell survival and chemoresistance through inhibition of lysine-specific histone demethylase KDM2B. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:406-420. [PMID: 29360266 PMCID: PMC5830623 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) ranks among the most lethal cancers, with current therapies offering only palliation. Inter‐ and intrapatient heterogeneity is a hallmark of GBM, with epigenetically distinct cancer stem‐like cells (CSCs) at the apex. Targeting GSCs remains a challenging task because of their unique biology, resemblance to normal neural stem/progenitor cells, and resistance to standard cytotoxic therapy. Here, we find that the chromatin regulator, JmjC domain histone H3K36me2/me1 demethylase KDM2B, is highly expressed in glioblastoma surgical specimens compared to normal brain. Targeting KDM2B function genetically or pharmacologically impaired the survival of patient‐derived primary glioblastoma cells through the induction of DNA damage and apoptosis, sensitizing them to chemotherapy. KDM2B loss decreased the GSC pool, which was potentiated by coadministration of chemotherapy. Collectively, our results demonstrate KDM2B is crucial for glioblastoma maintenance, with inhibition causing loss of GSC survival, genomic stability, and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Staberg
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Brain Tumor Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Signe Regner Michaelsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.,Brain Tumor Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Pedersen
- Brain Tumor Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Mette Villingshøj
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Jannick Brennum
- Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Skovgaard Poulsen
- Department of Radiation Biology, The Finsen Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Brain Tumor Biology Group, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
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36
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Durinck K, Speleman F. Epigenetic regulation of neuroblastoma development. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 372:309-324. [PMID: 29350283 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, technological advances have enabled a detailed landscaping of the epigenome and the mechanisms of epigenetic regulation that drive normal cell function, development and cancer. Rather than merely a structural entity to support genome compaction, we now look at chromatin as a very dynamic and essential constellation that is actively participating in the tight orchestration of transcriptional regulation as well as DNA replication and repair. The unique feature of chromatin flexibility enabling fast switches towards more or less restricted epigenetic cellular states is, not surprisingly, intimately connected to cancer development and treatment resistance, and the central role of epigenetic alterations in cancer is illustrated by the finding that up to 50% of all mutations across cancer entities affect proteins controlling the chromatin status. We summarize recent insights into epigenetic rewiring underlying neuroblastoma (NB) tumor formation ranging from changes in DNA methylation patterns and mutations in epigenetic regulators to global effects on transcriptional regulatory circuits that involve key players in NB oncogenesis. Insights into the disruption of the homeostatic epigenetic balance contributing to developmental arrest of sympathetic progenitor cells and subsequent NB oncogenesis are rapidly growing and will be exploited towards the development of novel therapeutic strategies to increase current survival rates of patients with high-risk NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Durinck
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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37
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Reversible LSD1 inhibition with HCI-2509 induces the p53 gene expression signature and disrupts the MYCN signature in high-risk neuroblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29515779 PMCID: PMC5839410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) over-expression correlates with poorly differentiated neuroblastoma and predicts poor outcome despite multimodal therapy. We have studied the efficacy of reversible and specific LSD1 inhibition with HCI-2509 in neuroblastoma cell lines and particularly the effect of HCI-2509 on the transcriptomic profile in MYCN amplified NGP cells. Cell survival assays show that HCI-2509 is cytotoxic to poorly differentiated neuroblastoma cell lines in low micromole or lower doses. Transcriptional profiling of NGP cells treated with HCI-2509 shows a significant effect on p53, cell cycle, MYCN and hypoxia pathway gene sets. HCI-2509 results in increased histone methyl marks and p53 levels along with cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and inhibition of colony formation of NGP cells. Our findings indicate that LSD1 inhibition with HCI-2509 has a multi-target effect in neuroblastoma cell lines, mediated in part via p53. MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells have a targeted benefit as HCI-2509 downregulates the MYCN upregulated gene set.
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38
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Chen J, Ding J, Wang Z, Zhu J, Wang X, Du J. Identification of downstream metastasis-associated target genes regulated by LSD1 in colon cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19609-19630. [PMID: 28121627 PMCID: PMC5386709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to identify downstream target genes regulated by lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) in colon cancer cells and investigate the molecular mechanisms of LSD1 influencing invasion and metastasis of colon cancer. Method We obtained the expression changes of downstream target genes regulated by small-interfering RNA-LSD1 and LSD1-overexpression via gene expression profiling in two human colon cancer cell lines. An Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0 was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). We screened out LSD1-target gene associated with proliferation, metastasis, and invasion from DEGs via Gene Ontology and Pathway Studio. Subsequently, four key genes (CABYR, FOXF2, TLE4, and CDH1) were computationally predicted as metastasis-related LSD1-target genes. ChIp-PCR was applied after RT-PCR and Western blot validations to detect the occupancy of LSD1-target gene promoter-bound LSD1. Result A total of 3633 DEGs were significantly upregulated, and 4642 DEGs were downregulated in LSD1-silenced SW620 cells. A total of 4047 DEGs and 4240 DEGs were upregulated and downregulated in LSD1-overexpressed HT-29 cells, respectively. RT-PCR and Western blot validated the microarray analysis results. ChIP assay results demonstrated that LSD1 might be negative regulators for target genes CABYR and CDH1. The expression level of LSD1 is negatively correlated with mono- and dimethylation of histone H3 lysine4(H3K4) at LSD1- target gene promoter region. No significant mono-methylation and dimethylation of H3 lysine9 methylation was detected at the promoter region of CABYR and CDH1. Conclusion LSD1- depletion contributed to the upregulation of CABYR and CDH1 through enhancing the dimethylation of H3K4 at the LSD1-target genes promoter. LSD1- overexpression mediated the downregulation of CABYR and CDH1expression through decreasing the mono- and dimethylation of H3K4 at LSD1-target gene promoter in colon cancer cells. CABYR and CDH1 might be potential LSD1-target genes in colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ziwei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Mini-invasive Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuejian Wang
- Department of Mini-invasive Surgery, Guiyang Hospital of Guizhou Aviation Industry Group, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiyi Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery The First People's Hospital of Guiyang, Guiyang, China
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39
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Lysine-specific demethylase LSD1 regulates autophagy in neuroblastoma through SESN2-dependent pathway. Oncogene 2017; 36:6701-6711. [PMID: 28783174 PMCID: PMC5717079 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a physiological process, important for recycling of macromolecules and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Defective autophagy is associated with tumorigenesis and has a causative role in chemotherapy resistance in leukemia and in solid cancers. Here, we report that autophagy is regulated by the lysine-specific demethylase LSD1/KDM1A, an epigenetic marker whose overexpression is a feature of malignant neoplasia with an instrumental role in cancer development. In the present study, we determine that two different LSD1 inhibitors (TCP and SP2509) as well as selective ablation of LSD1 expression promote autophagy in neuroblastoma cells. At a mechanistic level, we show that LSD1 binds to the promoter region of Sestrin2 (SESN2), a critical regulator of mTORC1 activity. Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 triggers SESN2 expression that hampers mTORC1 activity, leading to enhanced autophagy. SESN2 overexpression suffices to promote autophagy in neuroblastoma cells, while loss of SESN2 expression reduces autophagy induced by LSD1 inhibition. Our findings elucidate a mechanism whereby LSD1 controls autophagy in neuroblastoma cells through SESN2 transcription regulation, and we suggest that pharmacological targeting of LSD1 may have effective therapeutic relevance in the control of autophagy in neuroblastoma.
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40
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Ambrosio S, Saccà CD, Majello B. Epigenetic regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition by the Lysine-specific demethylase LSD1/KDM1A. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2017; 1860:905-910. [PMID: 28720390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Lysine-specific demethylase 1, KDM1A/LSD1, plays a central role in the regulation of Pol II transcription through the removal of the activation mark (mono- and dimethyl lysine 4 of histone H3). LSD1 is often deregulated in human cancers, and it is frequently overexpressed in human solid cancers and leukemia. LSD1 regulates the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in epithelial cells, i.e., the ability to transition into mesenchymal cells, to lose homotypic adhesion and to acquire migratory capacity. From its initial discovery as a component of the Snail complex, multiple studies highlighted the causative role of LSD1 in cell invasiveness and EMT, describing its direct involvement in different molecular processes through the interaction with specific partners. Here we present an overview of the role of LSD1 in the EMT process, summarizing recent findings on its emerging functions in cell migration and invasion in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Ambrosio
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Carmen D Saccà
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.
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41
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Yang J, Milasta S, Hu D, AlTahan AM, Interiano RB, Zhou J, Davidson J, Low J, Lin W, Bao J, Goh P, Nathwani AC, Wang R, Wang Y, Ong SS, Boyd VA, Young B, Das S, Shelat A, Wu Y, Li Z, Zheng JJ, Mishra A, Cheng Y, Qu C, Peng J, Green DR, White S, Guy RK, Chen T, Davidoff AM. Targeting Histone Demethylases in MYC-Driven Neuroblastomas with Ciclopirox. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4626-4638. [PMID: 28684529 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Histone lysine demethylases facilitate the activity of oncogenic transcription factors, including possibly MYC. Here we show that multiple histone demethylases influence the viability and poor prognosis of neuroblastoma cells, where MYC is often overexpressed. We also identified the approved small-molecule antifungal agent ciclopirox as a novel pan-histone demethylase inhibitor. Ciclopirox targeted several histone demethylases, including KDM4B implicated in MYC function. Accordingly, ciclopirox inhibited Myc signaling in parallel with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in suppression of neuroblastoma cell viability and inhibition of tumor growth associated with an induction of differentiation. Our findings provide new insights into epigenetic regulation of MYC function and suggest a novel pharmacologic basis to target histone demethylases as an indirect MYC-targeting approach for cancer therapy. Cancer Res; 77(17); 4626-38. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.
| | - Sandra Milasta
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dongli Hu
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Alaa M AlTahan
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Rodrigo B Interiano
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Junfang Zhou
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jesse Davidson
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan Low
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ju Bao
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Pollyanna Goh
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amit C Nathwani
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University School of Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Disease, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yingdi Wang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Su Sien Ong
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Vincent A Boyd
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Brandon Young
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sourav Das
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Anang Shelat
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yinan Wu
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zhenmei Li
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Jie J Zheng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- Department of Structural Biology, Department of Developmental Neurobiology and St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Yong Cheng
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Chunxu Qu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, Department of Developmental Neurobiology and St. Jude Proteomics Facility, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stephen White
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - R Kiplin Guy
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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42
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Mitochondrial AKAP1 supports mTOR pathway and tumor growth. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2842. [PMID: 28569781 PMCID: PMC5520900 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of energy production and the sites where metabolic pathway and survival signals integrate and focus, promoting adaptive responses to hormone stimulation and nutrient availability. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism and signaling are linked to tumorigenesis. AKAP1 scaffolding protein integrates cAMP and src signaling on mitochondria, regulating organelle biogenesis, oxidative metabolism and cell survival. Here, we provide evidence that AKAP1 is a transcriptional target of Myc and supports the growth of cancer cells. We identify Sestrin2, a leucine sensor and inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as a novel component of the complex assembled by AKAP1 on mitochondria. Downregulation of AKAP1 impaired mTOR pathway and inhibited glioblastoma growth. Both effects were reversed by concomitant depletion of AKAP1 and sestrin2. High levels of AKAP1 were found in a wide variety of high-grade cancer tissues. In lung cancer, AKAP1 expression correlates with high levels of Myc, mTOR phosphorylation and reduced patient survival. Collectively, these data disclose a previously unrecognized role of AKAP1 in mTOR pathway regulation and cancer growth. AKAP1/mTOR signal integration on mitochondria may provide a new target for cancer therapy.
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43
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Poole CJ, van Riggelen J. MYC-Master Regulator of the Cancer Epigenome and Transcriptome. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8050142. [PMID: 28505071 PMCID: PMC5448016 DOI: 10.3390/genes8050142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of MYC is a hallmark of many human cancers. The MYC oncogene has long been thought to execute its neoplastic functions by acting as a classic transcription factor, deregulating the expression of a large number of specific target genes. However, MYC’s influence on many of these target genes is rather modest and there is little overlap between MYC regulated genes in different cell types, leaving many mechanistic questions unanswered. Recent advances in the field challenge the dogma further, revealing a role for MYC that extends beyond the traditional concept of a sequence-specific transcription factor. In this article, we review MYC’s function as a regulator of the cancer epigenome and transcriptome. We outline our current understanding of how MYC regulates chromatin structure in both a site-specific and genome-wide fashion, and highlight the implications for therapeutic strategies for cancers with high MYC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace J Poole
- Augusta University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1410 Laney-Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Jan van Riggelen
- Augusta University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1410 Laney-Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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44
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Lysine-Specific Histone Demethylases Contribute to Cellular Differentiation and Carcinogenesis. EPIGENOMES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes1010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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45
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Yang C, Wang W, Liang JX, Li G, Vellaisamy K, Wong CY, Ma DL, Leung CH. A Rhodium(III)-Based Inhibitor of Lysine-Specific Histone Demethylase 1 as an Epigenetic Modulator in Prostate Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2597-2603. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Xin Liang
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Guodong Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Kasipandi Vellaisamy
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department
of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee
Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
SAR, China
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State
Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute
of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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46
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Yi L, Cui Y, Xu Q, Jiang Y. Stabilization of LSD1 by deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 promotes glioblastoma cell tumorigenesis and metastasis through suppression of the p53 signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:2935-2945. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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47
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Brenner C, Luciani J, Bizet M, Ndlovu M, Josseaux E, Dedeurwaerder S, Calonne E, Putmans P, Cartron PF, Defrance M, Fuks F, Deplus R. The interplay between the lysine demethylase KDM1A and DNA methyltransferases in cancer cells is cell cycle dependent. Oncotarget 2016; 7:58939-58952. [PMID: 27449289 PMCID: PMC5312287 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone modifications are key epigenetic regulators of gene expression, and tight connections are known between the two. DNA methyltransferases are upregulated in several tumors and aberrant DNA methylation profiles are a cancer hallmark. On the other hand, histone demethylases are upregulated in cancer cells. Previous work on ES cells has shown that the lysine demethylase KDM1A binds to DNMT1, thereby affecting DNA methylation. In cancer cells, the occurrence of this interaction has not been explored. Here we demonstrate in several tumor cell lines an interaction between KDM1A and both DNMT1 and DNMT3B. Intriguingly and in contrast to what is observed in ES cells, KDM1A depletion in cancer cells was found not to trigger any reduction in the DNMT1 or DNMT3B protein level or any change in DNA methylation. In the S-phase, furthermore, KDM1A and DNMT1 were found, to co-localize within the heterochromatin. Using P-LISA, we revealed substantially increased binding of KDM1A to DNMT1 during the S-phase. Together, our findings propose a mechanistic link between KDM1A and DNA methyltransferases in cancer cells and suggest that the KDM1A/DNMT1 interaction may play a role during replication. Our work also strengthens the idea that DNMTs can exert functions unrelated to act on DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Brenner
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Judith Luciani
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Bizet
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matladi Ndlovu
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eleonore Josseaux
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Dedeurwaerder
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Calonne
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pascale Putmans
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Francois Cartron
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie Nantes-Angers, INSERM, U892, Equipe Apoptose et Progression Tumorale, BP7021, 44007 Nantes, France
- Département de Recherche en Cancérologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, IFR26, F-4400, Nantes, France
- LaBCT, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, 44805 Nantes, Saint Herblain Cedex, France
| | - Matthieu Defrance
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - François Fuks
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rachel Deplus
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics, Faculty of Medicine, ULB-Cancer Research Centre (U-CRC), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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48
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Denis H, Van Grembergen O, Delatte B, Dedeurwaerder S, Putmans P, Calonne E, Rothé F, Sotiriou C, Fuks F, Deplus R. MicroRNAs regulate KDM5 histone demethylases in breast cancer cells. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:404-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00513b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression.
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