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Cao F, Qi Y, Wu W, Li X, Yang C. Single-cell and genetic multi-omics analysis combined with experiments confirmed the signature and potential targets of cuproptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1240390. [PMID: 37745297 PMCID: PMC10516581 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1240390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cuproptosis, as a recently discovered type of programmed cell death, occupies a very important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and provides new methods for immunotherapy; however, the functions of cuproptosis in HCC are still unclear. Methods: We first analyzed the transcriptome data and clinical information of 526 HCC patients using multiple algorithms in R language and extensively described the copy number variation, prognostic and immune infiltration characteristics of cuproptosis related genes (CRGs). Then, the hub CRG related genes associated with prognosis through LASSO and Cox regression analyses and constructed a prognostic prediction model including multiple molecular markers and clinicopathological parameters through training cohorts, then this model was verified by test cohorts. On the basis of the model, the clinicopathological indicators, immune infiltration and tumor microenvironment characteristics of HCC patients were further explored via bioinformation analysis. Then, We further explored the key gene biological function by single-cell analysis, cell viability and transwell experiments. Meantime, we also explored the molecular docking of the hub genes. Results: We have screened 5 hub genes associated with HCC prognosis and constructed a prognosis prediction scoring model. And the model results showed that patients in the high-risk group had poor prognosis and the expression levels of multiple immune markers, including PD-L1, CD276 and CTLA4, were higher than those patients in the low-risk group. We found a significant correlation between risk score and M0 macrophages and memory CD4+ T cells. And the single-cell analysis and molecular experiments showed that BEX1 were higher expressed in HCC tissues and deletion inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration and EMT pathway of HCC cells. Finally, it was observed that BEX1 could bind to sorafenib to form a stable conformation. Conclusion: The study not only revealed the multiomics characteristics of CRGs in HCC but also constructed a new high-accuracy prognostic prediction model. Meanwhile, BEX1 were also identified as hub genes that can mediate the cuproptosis of hepatocytes as potential therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Cao
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yong Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xutong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chuang Yang
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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2
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Somatic XIST activation and features of X chromosome inactivation in male human cancers. Cell Syst 2022; 13:932-944.e5. [PMID: 36356577 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the non-coding RNA XIST is essential for initiating X chromosome inactivation (XCI) during early development in female mammals. As the main function of XCI is to enable dosage compensation of chromosome X genes between the sexes, XCI and XIST expression are generally absent in male normal tissues, except in germ cells and in individuals with supernumerary X chromosomes. Via a systematic analysis of public sequencing data of both cancerous and normal tissues, we report that XIST is somatically activated in a subset of male human cancers across diverse lineages. Some of these cancers display hallmarks of XCI, including silencing of gene expression, reduced chromatin accessibility, and increased DNA methylation across chromosome X, suggesting that the developmentally restricted, female-specific program of XCI can be somatically accessed in male cancers.
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3
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Aisa A, Tan Y, Li X, Zhang D, Shi Y, Yuan Y. Comprehensive Analysis of the Brain-Expressed X-Link Protein Family in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911942. [PMID: 35860560 PMCID: PMC9289282 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, malignant, and deadly primary brain tumor in adults. Brain-expressed X-link (BEX) protein family is involved in tumorigenesis. Here, we have explored the biological function and the prognostic value of the BEX family in GBM. Differentially expressed BEX genes between GBM and normal tissue were screened by using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified the prognosis‐related genes BEX1, BEX2, and BEX4, which were involved in the regulation of immune response. The results of correlation analysis and protein–protein interaction network (PPI network) showed that there was a significant correlation between the BEX family and TCEAL family in GBM. Furthermore, the expression of transcription elongation factor A (SII)-like (TCEAL) family is generally decreased in GBM and related to poor prognosis. With the use of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression, a prognostic model including the BEX family and TCEAL family was built to accurately predict the likelihood of overall survival (OS) in GBM patients. Therefore, we demonstrated that the BEX family and TCEAL family possessed great potential as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in GBM. Further investigations in large‐scale, multicenter, and prospective clinical cohorts are needed to confirm the prognostic model developed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adilai Aisa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinuo Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Nursing Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Yuan,
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4
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Ersöz NŞ, Adan A. Differential in vitro anti-leukemic activity of resveratrol combined with serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor myriocin in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) carrying AML cells. Cytotechnology 2022; 74:271-281. [PMID: 35464162 PMCID: PMC8975961 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-022-00527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication (ITD) AML is restricted due to toxicity, drug resistance and relapse eventhough targeted therapies are clinically available. Resveratrol with its multi-targeted nature is a promising chemopreventive remaining limitedly studied in FLT3-ITD AML regarding to ceramide metabolism. Here, its cytotoxic, cytostatic and apoptotic effects are investigated in combination with serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), the first enzyme of de novo pathway of ceramide production, inhibitor myriocin on MOLM-13 and MV4-11 cells. We assessed dose-dependent cell viability, flow cytometric cell death and cell cycle profiles of resveratrol in combination with myriocin by MTT assay, annexin-V/PI staining and PI staining respectively. Resveratrol's dose-dependent effect on SPT protein expression was also checked by western blot. Resveratrol decreased cell viability in a dose- dependent manner whereas myriocin did not affect cell proliferation effectively in both cell lines after 48h treatments. Although resveratrol induced both apoptosis and a significant S phase arrest in MV4-11 cells, it triggered apoptosis and non-significant S phase accumulation in MOLM-13 cells. Co-administrations reduced cell viability. Increased cytotoxic effect of co-treatments was further proved mechanistically through induction of apoptosis via phosphatidylserine relocalization. The cell cycle alteration in co-treatment was significant with an S phase arrest in MV4-11 cells, however, it was not effective on cell cycle progression of MOLM-13 cells. Resveratrol also increased SPT expression. Overall, modulation of SPT together with resveratrol might be the possible explanation for resveratrol's action. It could be an integrative medicine for FLT3-ITD AML after investigating its detailed mechanism of action in relation to de novo pathway of ceramide production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Şebnem Ersöz
- Bioengineering Program, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aysun Adan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
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5
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de Lucia C, Grisanti LA, Borghetti G, Piedepalumbo M, Ibetti J, Lucchese AM, Barr EW, Roy R, Okyere AD, Murphy HC, Gao E, Rengo G, Houser SR, Tilley DG, Koch WJ. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) contributes to impaired cardiac function and immune cell recruitment in post-ischemic heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:169-183. [PMID: 33560342 PMCID: PMC8752360 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of heart failure (HF) worldwide. G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is upregulated in failing human myocardium and promotes maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy in animal models. However, the role of GRK5 in ischemic heart disease is still unknown. In this study, we evaluated whether myocardial GRK5 plays a critical role post-MI in mice and included the examination of specific cardiac immune and inflammatory responses. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiomyocyte-specific GRK5 overexpressing transgenic mice (TgGRK5) and non-transgenic littermate control (NLC) mice as well as cardiomyocyte-specific GRK5 knockout mice (GRK5cKO) and wild type (WT) were subjected to MI and, functional as well as structural changes together with outcomes were studied. TgGRK5 post-MI mice showed decreased cardiac function, augmented left ventricular dimension and decreased survival rate compared to NLC post-MI mice. Cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis as well as fetal gene expression were increased post-MI in TgGRK5 compared to NLC mice. In TgGRK5 mice, GRK5 elevation produced immuno-regulators that contributed to the elevated and long-lasting leukocyte recruitment into the injured heart and ultimately to chronic cardiac inflammation. We found an increased presence of pro-inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages as well as neutrophils, macrophages and T-lymphocytes at 4-days and 8-weeks respectively post-MI in TgGRK5 hearts. Conversely, GRK5cKO mice were protected from ischemic injury and showed reduced early immune cell recruitment (predominantly monocytes) to the heart, improved contractility and reduced mortality compared to WT post-MI mice. Interestingly, cardiomyocyte-specific GRK2 transgenic mice did not share the same phenotype of TgGRK5 mice and did not have increased cardiac leukocyte migration and cytokine or chemokine production post-MI. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that myocyte GRK5 has a crucial and GRK-selective role on the regulation of leucocyte infiltration into the heart, cardiac function and survival in a murine model of post-ischemic HF, supporting GRK5 inhibition as a therapeutic target for HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio de Lucia
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Giulia Borghetti
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michela Piedepalumbo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Jessica Ibetti
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Maria Lucchese
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric W Barr
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rajika Roy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ama Dedo Okyere
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haley Christine Murphy
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Division of Geriatrics, Federico II University, Via S. Pansini, 5, Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of neurovegetative system pathophysiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici ICS Maugeri, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico di Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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6
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Sun Y, Zhao J. Transcription Elongation Factor A (SII)-Like (TCEAL) Gene Family Member-TCEAL2: A Novel Prognostic Marker in Pan-Cancer. Cancer Inform 2022; 21:11769351221126285. [PMID: 36199541 PMCID: PMC9527986 DOI: 10.1177/11769351221126285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world. The mechanism is not fully elucidated and the therapeutic effect is also unsatisfactory. In our study, we aim to find new target gene in pan-cancer. Methods: Differently expressed genes (DEGs) was screened out in various types of cancers from GEO database. The expression of DEG (TCEAL2) in tumor cell lines, normal tissues and tumor tissues was calculated. Then the clinical characteristics, DNA methylation, tumor infiltration and gene enrichment of TCEAL2 was studied. Results: TCEAL2 expressions were down-regulated in most cancers. Its expression and methylation were positively or negatively associated with prognosis in different cancers. The tumor infiltration results revealed that TCEAL2 was significantly related with many immune cells especially NK cells and immune-related genes in majority cancers. Furthermore, tau protein and tubulin binding were involved in the molecular function mechanisms of TCEAL2. Conclusion: TCEAL2 may be a novel prognostic marker in different cancers and may affect tumor through immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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7
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Long Noncoding RNA LINC00526 Represses Glioma Progression via Regulating miR-5581-3p/BEX1. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:8171250. [PMID: 33613672 PMCID: PMC7878094 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8171250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in regulating glioma progression have been widely recognized in recent years. This work was to investigate the roles and associated mechanisms of LINC00526 in glioma progression. LINC00526 expression in glioma tissues and cells and their normal counterparts was measured with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Functions of LINC00526 in glioma were investigated with in vitro experiments. Moreover, competitive RNA (ceRNA) theory was employed to understand mechanisms of action of LINC00526 in glioma. LINC00526 was found to be decreased in glioma tissues and cell lines compared with their normal counterparts. Silencing the expression of LINC00526 promotes, while forcing its expression, inhibits glioma cell growth and invasion. Mechanism analyses showed LINC00526 functions as a sponge for microRNA-5581-3p (miR-5581-3p) to regulate brain-expressed X-linked 1 (BEX1) expression and, in the end, affects glioma progression. Collectively, our study indicated LINC00526 serves as a tumor-suppressive lncRNA and directly regulates miR-5581-3p/BEX1 axis in glioma.
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8
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Doi T, Ogawa H, Tanaka Y, Hayashi Y, Maniwa Y. Bex1 significantly contributes to the proliferation and invasiveness of malignant tumor cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:362. [PMID: 33133262 PMCID: PMC7590424 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion has a significant role in cancer progression, including expansion to surrounding tissue and metastasis. Previously, we assessed the invasive ability of cancer cells using an easy-to-prepare double-layered collagen gel hemisphere (DL-CGH) method by which cancer cell invasion can be easily visualized. The present study examined multiple lung adenocarcinoma and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cell lines using the DL-CGH method and identified inherently invasive cell lines. Next, by comparing gene expression between invasive and non-invasive cells by cDNA microarray, the potential candidate gene brain-expressed x-linked protein 1 (Bex1) was identified to be involved in cancer invasion, as it was highly expressed in the invasive cell lines. Downregulation of Bex1 suppressed the invasion and proliferation of the invasive tumor cell lines. The findings of the present study suggested that Bex1 may promote metastasis in vivo and could be a potential oncogene and molecular therapeutic target in lung adenocarcinoma and MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Doi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogawa
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi, Hyogo 673-8558, Japan
| | - Yugo Tanaka
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Hayashi
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Medical Genetics, Department of Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Maniwa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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9
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Zhang ZH, Luan ZY, Han F, Chen HQ, Liu WB, Liu JY, Cao J. Diagnostic and prognostic value of the BEX family in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5523-5533. [PMID: 31612060 PMCID: PMC6781490 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that members of the brain-expressed X-linked (BEX) family participate in a wide range of biological functions in normal and tumor tissues. However, their role and clinical significance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. The present study investigated The Cancer Genome Atlas data and revealed that the BEX family was downregulated in LUAD tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Additionally, analysis of LUAD cohorts from the Oncomine database revealed similar results. Furthermore, the expression of BEX members was significantly decreased in several LUAD cell lines compared with normal lung epithelial cells in vitro. The aforementioned data mining and in vitro results suggested that the BEX family may be involved in the development of LUAD. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that BEX members exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of patients with LUAD. The low expression levels of BEX1, BEX4 and BEX5 were associated with certain pathologic features, particularly in advanced LUAD. Survival analysis demonstrated that BEX members, particularly BEX4, were involved in the prognosis of patients with LUAD at early and late clinical stages. The results obtained in the current study suggested that BEX members may serve as potential tumor biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hao Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Luan
- Department of Medical Affairs, Chinese PLA No. 964 Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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Haider Z, Larsson P, Landfors M, Köhn L, Schmiegelow K, Flaegstad T, Kanerva J, Heyman M, Hultdin M, Degerman S. An integrated transcriptome analysis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia links DNA methylation subgroups to dysregulated TAL1 and ANTP homeobox gene expression. Cancer Med 2018; 8:311-324. [PMID: 30575306 PMCID: PMC6346238 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Classification of pediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) patients into CIMP (CpG Island Methylator Phenotype) subgroups has the potential to improve current risk stratification. To investigate the biology behind these CIMP subgroups, diagnostic samples from Nordic pediatric T‐ALL patients were characterized by genome‐wide methylation arrays, followed by targeted exome sequencing, telomere length measurement, and RNA sequencing. The CIMP subgroups did not correlate significantly with variations in epigenetic regulators. However, the CIMP+ subgroup, associated with better prognosis, showed indicators of longer replicative history, including shorter telomere length (P = 0.015) and older epigenetic (P < 0.001) and mitotic age (P < 0.001). Moreover, the CIMP+ subgroup had significantly higher expression of ANTP homeobox oncogenes, namely TLX3, HOXA9, HOXA10, and NKX2‐1, and novel genes in T‐ALL biology including PLCB4, PLXND1, and MYO18B. The CIMP− subgroup, with worse prognosis, was associated with higher expression of TAL1 along with frequent STIL‐TAL1 fusions (2/40 in CIMP+ vs 11/24 in CIMP−), as well as stronger expression of BEX1. Altogether, our findings suggest different routes for leukemogenic transformation in the T‐ALL CIMP subgroups, indicated by different replicative histories and distinct methylomic and transcriptomic profiles. These novel findings can lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Haider
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Larsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Landfors
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Köhn
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trond Flaegstad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jukka Kanerva
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mats Heyman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofie Degerman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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11
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Chougule RA, Cordero E, Moharram SA, Pietras K, Rönnstrand L, Kazi JU. Expression of GADS enhances FLT3-induced mitogenic signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:14112-24. [PMID: 26895103 PMCID: PMC4924701 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
GADS is a member of a family of SH2 and SH3 domain-containing adaptors that functions in tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling cascades. Its expression is largely restricted to hematopoietic tissues and cell lines. Therefore, GADS is mainly involved in leukocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase signaling. GADS is known to interact with tyrosine-phosphorylated SHC, BCR-ABL and KIT. The SH2 domain of GADS has a similar binding specificity to that of GRB2 but its SH3 domain displays a different binding specificity, and thus it is involved in other downstream signaling pathways than GRB2. In the present study, we examined the role of GADS in FLT3 signaling. FLT3 is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase, which is mutated in more than 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the most common mutations is the internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations. We observed that expression of GADS enhanced oncogenic FLT3-ITD-induced cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro. In a mouse xenograft model, GADS accelerated FLT3-ITD-dependent tumor formation. Furthermore, expression of GADS induced a transcriptional program leading to upregulation of MYC and mTORC1 target genes. GADS localizes to the cell membrane and strongly binds to ligand-stimulated wild-type FLT3 or is constitutively associated with the oncogenic mutant FLT3-ITD. We mapped the binding sites in FLT3 to pY955 and pY969 which overlaps with the GRB2 binding sites. Expression of GADS enhanced FLT3-mediated phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2, p38 and STAT5. Taken together, our data suggests that GADS is an important downstream component of FLT3 signaling and expression of GADS potentiates FLT3-mediated mitogenic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit A Chougule
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eugenia Cordero
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sausan A Moharram
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Cancer Center, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden
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12
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The Src family kinase LCK cooperates with oncogenic FLT3/ITD in cellular transformation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13734. [PMID: 29062038 PMCID: PMC5653865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase LCK belongs to the SRC family of kinases. SRC family kinases are proto-oncogenes that have long been known to play key roles in cell proliferation, motility, morphology and survival. Here we show that LCK regulates the function of the type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 in murine pro-B cells. We observed that expression of LCK significantly enhances the colony forming capacity of the constitutively active FLT3 mutant FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication). Furthermore, cells expressing LCK developed tumor earlier compared to cells transfected with empty control vector. Staining of the tissues from mouse xenografts showed higher Ki67 staining in cells expressing LCK suggesting that expression of LCK enhances the FLT3-ITD-mediated proliferative capacity. LCK expression did not affect either FLT3-WT or FLT3-ITD -induced AKT, ERK1/2 or p38 phosphorylation. However, LCK expression significantly enhanced FLT3-ITD-mediated STAT5 phosphorylation. Taken together, our data suggest that LCK cooperates with oncogenic FLT3-ITD in cellular transformation.
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13
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Kazi JU, Chougule RA, Li T, Su X, Moharram SA, Rupar K, Marhäll A, Gazi M, Sun J, Zhao H, Rönnstrand L. Tyrosine 842 in the activation loop is required for full transformation by the oncogenic mutant FLT3-ITD. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2679-2688. [PMID: 28271164 PMCID: PMC5487891 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogenic FLT3 mutants display constitutive activity leading to aberrant cell proliferation and survival. Phosphorylation on several critical tyrosine residues is known to be essential for FLT3 signaling. Among these tyrosine residues, Y842 is located in the so-called activation loop. The position of this tyrosine residue is well conserved in all receptor tyrosine kinases. It has been reported that phosphorylation of the activation loop tyrosine is critical for catalytic activity for some but not all receptor tyrosine kinases. The role of Y842 residue in FLT3 signaling has not yet been studied. In this report, we show that Y842 is not important for FLT3 activation or ubiquitination but plays a critical role in regulating signaling downstream of the receptor as well as controlling receptor stability. We found that mutation of Y842 in the FLT3-ITD oncogenic mutant background reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis. Furthermore, the introduction of the Y842 mutation in the FLT3-ITD background led to a dramatic reduction in in vitro colony forming capacity. Additionally, mice injected with cells expressing FLT3-ITD/Y842F displayed a significant delay in tumor formation, compared to FLT3-ITD expressing cells. Microarray analysis comparing gene expression regulated by FLT3-ITD versus FLT3-ITD/Y842F demonstrated that mutation of Y842 causes suppression of anti-apoptotic genes. Furthermore, we showed that cells expressing FLT3-ITD/Y842F display impaired activity of the RAS/ERK pathway due to reduced interaction between FLT3 and SHP2 leading to reduced SHP2 activation. Thus, we suggest that Y842 is critical for FLT3-mediated RAS/ERK signaling and cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rohit A Chougule
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tianfeng Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Xianwei Su
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sausan A Moharram
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaja Rupar
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alissa Marhäll
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mohiuddin Gazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village, Lund, Sweden. .,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
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14
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Hu Y, Xiao Q, Chen H, He J, Tan Y, Liu Y, Wang Z, Yang Q, Shen X, Huang Y, Yuan Y, Ding K. BEX2 promotes tumor proliferation in colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:286-294. [PMID: 28367093 PMCID: PMC5370436 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BEX2 has been suggested to promote the tumor growth in breast cancer and glioblastoma, while inhibit the proliferation of glioma cells. Thus, the role of BEX2 in tumor was still in debate. Additionally, the biological functions of BEX2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not yet been clarified. Here, we reported that BEX2 was overexpressed in advanced CRC from both the GSE14333 database and fresh CRC tissue specimens, and positively correlated with clinical staging. Knockdown of BEX2 significantly decreased the in vitro proliferation of SW620 colorectal cancer cells, suppressed subcutaneous xenograft growth and enhanced the survival of mice with cecal tumors. These effects were mainly mediated by the JNK/c-Jun pathway. Knockdown of BEX2 inhibited JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation, while BEX2 overexpression activated JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation. Moreover, the administration of the JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 to SW620 with BEX2 overexpression abolished the effect of BEX2 on SW620 cell proliferation. This study reveals that BEX2 promotes colorectal cancer cell proliferation via the JNK/c-Jun pathway, suggesting BEX2 as a potential candidate target for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of the China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of the China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of the China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjie He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of the China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinuo Tan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of the China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of the China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhanhuai Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of the China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of the China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangfeng Shen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of the China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of the China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention of the China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Sidhar H, Giri RK. Induction of Bex genes by curcumin is associated with apoptosis and activation of p53 in N2a neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41420. [PMID: 28145533 PMCID: PMC5286441 DOI: 10.1038/srep41420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain expressed X-linked (Bex) genes are newer group of pro-apoptotic genes. Role of any Bex gene in neuroblastoma and Bex4 and Bex6 in any cancer is completely unknown. Re-expression of all endogenous Bex genes by any nutraceutical is also unknown. Therefore, we investigated the induction of all endogenous Bex genes and associated mechanisms by curcumin using N2a, an aggressive neuroblastoma cell line. Curcumin induced all endogenous Bex genes prior to apoptosis in N2a cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Wortmannin (PI-3Kinases inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) and pifithrin-α (p53 inhibitor) abrogated curcumin-mediated induction of Bex genes. Inhibition of curcumin-mediated induction of Bex genes by pifithrin-α also inhibited N2a cells apoptosis suggesting, a direct role of Bex genes in N2a cells apoptosis and involvement of p53 in Bex genes induction. Curcumin treatment activated p53 through hyperphosphorylation at serine 15 before Bex genes induction indicating Bex genes are novel downstream targets of p53. Collectively, curcumin, a safe nutraceutical has the potential to induce all endogenous Bex genes to harness their anti-cancer properties in neuroblastoma cells. Re-expression of Bex genes by curcumin acts as tumor suppressors and may provide alternate strategy to treat neuroblastomas and other cancers with silenced Bex genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himakshi Sidhar
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122051, India
| | - Ranjit K Giri
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Haryana 122051, India
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16
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FYN expression potentiates FLT3-ITD induced STAT5 signaling in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 7:9964-74. [PMID: 26848862 PMCID: PMC4891096 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
FYN is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the SRC family of kinases, which are frequently over-expressed in human cancers, and play key roles in cancer biology. SRC has long been recognized as an important oncogene, but little attention has been given to its other family members. In this report, we have studied the role of FYN in FLT3 signaling in respect to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We observed that FYN displays a strong association with wild-type FLT3 as well as oncogenic FLT3-ITD and is dependent on the kinase activity of FLT3 and the SH2 domain of FYN. We identified multiple FYN binding sites in FLT3, which partially overlapped with SRC binding sites. To understand the role of FYN in FLT3 signaling, we generated FYN overexpressing cells. We observed that expression of FYN resulted in slightly enhanced phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2 and p38 in response to ligand stimulation. Furthermore, FYN expression led to a slight increase in FLT3-ITD-dependent cell proliferation, but potent enhancement of STAT5 phosphorylation as well as colony formation. We also observed that FYN expression is deregulated in AML patient samples and that higher expression of FYN, in combination with FLT3-ITD mutation, resulted in enrichment of the STAT5 signaling pathway and correlated with poor prognosis in AML. Taken together our data suggest that FYN cooperates with oncogenic FLT3-ITD in cellular transformation by selective activation of the STAT5 pathway. Therefore, inhibition of FYN, in combination with FLT3 inhibition, will most likely be beneficial for this group of AML patients.
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17
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Zook P, Pathak HB, Belinsky MG, Gersz L, Devarajan K, Zhou Y, Godwin AK, von Mehren M, Rink L. Combination of Imatinib Mesylate and AKT Inhibitor Provides Synergistic Effects in Preclinical Study of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:171-180. [PMID: 27370604 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) generally harbor activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT or in the related platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). GIST treated with imatinib mesylate or second-line therapies that target mutant forms of these receptors generally escape disease control and progress over time. Inhibiting additional molecular targets may provide more substantial disease control. Recent studies have implicated the PI3K/AKT pathway in the survival of imatinib mesylate-resistant GIST cell lines and tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Here, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the novel combination of imatinib mesylate with the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 in GIST. Whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS) of xenografts was performed to explore the molecular aspects of tumor response to this novel combination and to potentially identify additional therapeutic targets in GIST. RESULTS This drug combination demonstrated significant synergistic effects in a panel of imatinib mesylate-sensitive and -resistant GIST cell lines. Furthermore, combination therapy provided significantly greater efficacy, as measured by tumor response and animal survival, in imatinib mesylate-sensitive GIST xenografts as compared with treatment with imatinib mesylate or MK-2206 alone. WTS implicated two neural genes, brain expressed X-linked 1 and neuronal pentraxin I, whose expression was significantly upregulated in combination-treated tumors compared with tumors treated with the two monotherapies. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide strong preclinical justification for combining imatinib mesylate with an AKT inhibitor as a front-line therapy in GIST. In addition, the WTS implicated the BCL-2/BAX/BAD apoptotic pathway as a potential mechanism for this enhanced combination effect. Clin Cancer Res; 23(1); 171-80. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Zook
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harsh B Pathak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Martin G Belinsky
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lawrence Gersz
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew K Godwin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Margaret von Mehren
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lori Rink
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Lindblad O, Chougule RA, Moharram SA, Kabir NN, Sun J, Kazi JU, Rönnstrand L. The role of HOXB2 and HOXB3 in acute myeloid leukemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 467:742-7. [PMID: 26482852 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous aggressive disease and the most common form of adult leukemia. Mutations in the type III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 are found in more than 30% of AML patients. Drugs against FLT3 have been developed for the treatment of AML, but they lack specificity, show poor response and lead to the development of a resistant phenotype upon treatment. Therefore, a deeper understanding of FLT3 signaling will facilitate identification of additional pharmacological targets in FLT3-driven AML. In this report, we identify HOXB2 and HOXB3 as novel regulators of oncogenic FLT3-ITD-driven AML. We show that HOXB2 and HOXB3 expression is upregulated in a group of AML patients carrying FLT3-ITD. Overexpression of HOXB2 or HOXB3 in mouse pro-B cells resulted in decreased FLT3-ITD-dependent cell proliferation as well as colony formation and increased apoptosis. Expression of HOXB2 or HOXB3 resulted in a significant decrease in FLT3-ITD-induced AKT, ERK, p38 and STAT5 phosphorylation. Our data suggest that HOXB2 and HOXB3 act as tumor suppressors in FLT3-ITD driven AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Lindblad
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Hematology and Vascular Disorders, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rohit A Chougule
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sausan A Moharram
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Nuzhat N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Jianmin Sun
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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19
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Kazi JU, Kabir NN, Rönnstrand L. Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) proteins in human cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:226-33. [PMID: 26408910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) family proteins are comprised of five human proteins including BEX1, BEX2, BEX3, BEX4 and BEX5. BEX family proteins are expressed in a wide range of tissues and are known to play a role in neuronal development. Recent studies suggest a role of BEX family proteins in cancers. BEX1 expression is lost in a subgroup of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Expression of BEX1 controls cell surface receptor signaling and restores imatinib response in resistant cells. BEX2 is overexpressed in a group of breast cancer patients and also in gliomas. Increased BEX2 expression led to enhanced NF-κB signaling as well as cell proliferation. Although BEX2 acts as tumor promoter in a subset of breast cancer, BEX3 expression displayed an opposite role. Overexpression of BEX3 resulted in inhibition of tumor formation in breast cancer mouse xenograft models. The role of BEX4 and BEX5 in cancer has not yet been defined. Collectively this suggests that BEX family members have distinct roles in cancers. While BEX1 and BEX3 act as tumor suppressors, BEX2 seems to act as an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404 ,Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh.
| | - Nuzhat N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404 ,Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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