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Zerpa-Hernández DA, García-Chagollán M, Sánchez-Zuno GA, García-Arellano S, Hernández-Bello J, Hernández-Palma LA, Cerpa-Cruz S, Martinez-Bonilla G, Nicoletti F, Muñoz-Valle JF. Expression of Transcriptional Factors of T Helper Differentiation (T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt, and FOXP3), MIF Receptors (CD44, CD74, CXCR2, 4, 7), and Th1, Th2, and Th17 Cytokines in PBMC from Control Subjects and Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1169-1182. [PMID: 37807647 DOI: 10.2174/0115665240260976230925095330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) plays a pivotal role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Previous research indicates that MIF can trigger the expression of cytokine profiles associated with Th1, Th2, and Th17 responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from both RA patients and control subjects (CS). Despite these, few studies to date precisely elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved. The present study aimed to associate the expression of Th differentiation TF (T-bet, GATA-3, RORγt) with MIF receptors (CD44, CD74, CXCR2, 4, 7) and Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in PBMC from CS and RA patients. METHOD PBMC from both groups was cultured for 24 h. The expression of the canonical and non-canonical MIF receptors and the TF was determined by flow cytometry. Additionally, multiplex bead analysis was employed to assess the levels of cytokines in the culture supernatants. The findings revealed that T CD4+ lymphocytes in the CS group exhibited a heightened expression of CD74 (p<0.05), whereas RA patients displayed an elevated expression of CXCR7 (p<0.001). Furthermore, T CD4+ lymphocytes from RA patients exhibited greater expression of GATA3, RORγt, and FOXP3, along with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to the CS group (p<0.001). RESULT These results indicate that CD74 is more prominently expressed in PBMC from the CS group, whereas CXCR7 is more expressed in PBMC from RA patients. CONCLUSION We also noted an increased secretion of Th17 profile cytokines in RA, potentially influenced by the activation of FOXP3 via CD74 and RORγt through CXCR7 using the endocytic pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Male
- Female
- Cytokines/metabolism
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- GATA3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Adult
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/metabolism
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- T-Box Domain Proteins/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/genetics
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism
- Aged
- Receptors, Immunologic
- Hyaluronan Receptors
- Intramolecular Oxidoreductases
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariel García-Chagollán
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | | | - Samuel García-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
| | - Luis Alexis Hernández-Palma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Comportamiento Alimentario y Nutrición, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco 49000, Mexico
| | - Sergio Cerpa-Cruz
- Servicio de Reumatología, O.P.D. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Jalisco 44280, Mexico
| | - Gloria Martinez-Bonilla
- Servicio de Reumatología, O.P.D. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Jalisco 44280, Mexico
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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Shao JB, Luo XQ, Mo LH, Yang G, Liu ZQ, Liu JQ, Liu ZG, Liu DB, Yang PC. Twist1 sustains the apoptosis resistance in eosinophils in nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 702:108828. [PMID: 33741336 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Eosinophils (Eos) are the canonical effector cells in allergic rhinitis (AR) and many inflammatory diseases. The mechanism of eosinophilia occurring in the lesion sites is not fully understood yet. Twist1 protein (Twist, in short) is an apoptosis inhibitor that also has immune regulatory functions. This study aims to investigate the role of Twist in the pathogenesis of eosinophilia in AR. In this study, surgically removed human nasal mucosal samples were obtained from patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps with AR (the AR group) or without AR (the nAR group). Eos were isolated from the samples by flow cytometry. We found that abundant Eos were obtained from the surgically removed nasal mucosa tissues of both nAR and AR groups. Significantly higher Ras activation was detected in AR Eos than that in nAR Eos. Ras activation was associated with the apoptosis resistance in AR Eos. The Twist (an apoptosis inhibitor) expression was higher in AR Eos, which was positively correlated with the Ras activation status. The sensitization to IgG induced Twist expression in Eos, in which Ras activated the MAPK-HIF-1α pathway, the latter promoted the Twist gene transcription. Twist bound Rac GTPase activating protein-1 to sustain the Ras activation in Eos. Ras activation sustained the apoptosis resistance in Eos. In conclusion, high Ras activation was detected in the AR nasal mucosal tissue-isolated Eos. IgG-sensitization induced Ras activation and Twist expression in Eos, that conferred Eos the apoptosis resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Shao
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Luo
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Hua Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China; Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gui Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Longgang Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiang-Qi Liu
- Longgang ENT Hospital and Shenzhen ENT Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Liu
- Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Da-Bo Liu
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China; Research Center of Allergy & Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.
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Gao HF, Cheng CS, Tang J, Li Y, Chen H, Meng ZQ, Chen Z, Chen LY. CXCL9 chemokine promotes the progression of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma through STAT3-dependent cytotoxic T lymphocyte suppression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:502-517. [PMID: 31913856 PMCID: PMC6977695 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines play essential roles in the progression of various human cancers; however, the expression and role of CXC chemokines in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) have not yet been identified. The aim of this study is to identify the expression patterns, clinical significance and mechanisms of CXC chemokines in regulating tumour microenvironment of PAAD. Three CXC chemokines, including CXCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10, were significantly overexpressed in PAAD tissues, which were correlated with the poor survival of the patients. CXCL9/10 was associated with change of immune cell pattern in the tumour microenvironment, and supplementation of CXCL9 in the orthotopic murine PAAD model promoted tumour progression. In particular, CXCL9 reduced the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment of PAAD, which could be attributed to the reduced CD8+ T cell proliferation, activation, and secretion of anti-tumour cytokines. In vitro treatment of CXCL9 directly led to the suppression of the proliferation, activation, and secretion of anti-tumour cytokines of isolated CD8+ T cells. Inhibition of STAT3 recovered the CXCL9-inhibited proliferation, activation, and secretion of anti-tumour cytokines of CD8+ T cells. Our study indicates CXCL9 as a potential target of immunotherapy in PAAD treatment by regulating the CD8+ T lymphocytes in the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Feng Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chien-Shan Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Tang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Meng
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lian-Yu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Department of Integrative Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
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Small GTPase RAS in multiple sclerosis - exploring the role of RAS GTPase in the etiology of multiple sclerosis. Small GTPases 2018; 11:312-319. [PMID: 30043672 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2018.1502591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS signaling is involved in the development of autoimmunity in general. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. It is widely recognized that a reduction of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells is an immunological hallmark of MS, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In experimental autoimmune models, N-Ras and K-Ras inhibition triggers an anti-inflammatory effect up-regulating, via foxp3 elevation, the numbers and the functional suppressive properties of Tregs. Similarly, an increase in natural Tregs number during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in R-RAS -/- mice results in attenuated disease. In humans, only KRAS GTPase isoform is involved in mechanism causing tolerance defects in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). T cells from these patients have increased transcription of KRAS (but not NRAS). RAS genes are major drivers in human cancers. Consequently, there has been considerable interest in developing anti-RAS inhibitors for cancer treatment. Despite efforts, no anti-RAS therapy has succeeded in the clinic. The major strategy that has so far reached the clinic aimed to inhibit activated Ras indirectly through blocking its post-translational modification and inducing its mis-localization. The disappointing clinical outcome of Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitors (FTIs) in cancers has decreased interest in these drugs. However, FTIs suppress EAE by downregulation of myelin-reactive activated T-lymphocytes and statins are currently studied in clinical trials for MS. However, no pharmacologic approaches to targeting Ras proteins directly have yet succeeded. The therapeutic strategy to recover immune function through the restoration of impaired Tregs function with the mounting evidences regarding KRAS in autoimmune mediated disorder (MS, SLE, RA, T1D) suggest as working hypothesis the direct targeting KRAS activation using cancer-derived small molecules may be clinically relevant. ABBREVIATIONS FTIs: Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitors; MS: Multiple Sclerosis; RRMS: Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis; PPMS: Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis; Tregs: regulatory T-cells; Foxp3: Forkhead box P3; EAE: Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis; T1D: Type 1 Diabete; SLE: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; RA: Rheumatoid Arthritis; CNS: Central Nervous System; TMEV: Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus; FTS: farnesyl thiosalicylic acid; TCR: T-Cell Receptor; AIA: Adjuvant-induced Arthritis; EAN: experimental autoimmune neuritis; HVR: hypervariable region; HMG-CoA: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase; PBMC: Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.
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Sekerdag E, Lüle S, Bozdağ Pehlivan S, Öztürk N, Kara A, Kaffashi A, Vural I, Işıkay I, Yavuz B, Oguz KK, Söylemezoğlu F, Gürsoy-Özdemir Y, Mut M. A potential non-invasive glioblastoma treatment: Nose-to-brain delivery of farnesylthiosalicylic acid incorporated hybrid nanoparticles. J Control Release 2017; 261:187-198. [PMID: 28684169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
New drug delivery systems are highly needed in research and clinical area to effectively treat gliomas by reaching a high antineoplastic drug concentration at the target site without damaging healthy tissues. Intranasal (IN) administration, an alternative route for non-invasive drug delivery to the brain, bypasses the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and eliminates systemic side effects. This study evaluated the antitumor efficacy of farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTA) loaded (lipid-cationic) lipid-PEG-PLGA hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) after IN application in rats. FTA loaded HNPs were prepared, characterized and evaluated for cytotoxicity. Rat glioma 2 (RG2) cells were implanted unilaterally into the right striatum of female Wistar rats. 10days later, glioma bearing rats received either no treatment, or 5 repeated doses of 500μM freshly prepared FTA loaded HNPs via IN or intravenous (IV) application. Pre-treatment and post-treatment tumor sizes were determined with MRI. After a treatment period of 5days, IN applied FTA loaded HNPs achieved a significant decrease of 55.7% in tumor area, equal to IV applied FTA loaded HNPs. Herewith, we showed the potential utility of IN application of FTA loaded HNPs as a non-invasive approach in glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Sekerdag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Neuroscience Research Lab, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koҫ University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sevda Lüle
- Institute of Neurological Sciences and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Neuroscience Center and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Sibel Bozdağ Pehlivan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Naile Öztürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslı Kara
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Hitit University, Çorum, Turkey
| | - Abbas Kaffashi
- Department of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Imran Vural
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilkay Işıkay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burҫin Yavuz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kader Karlı Oguz
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Figen Söylemezoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Gürsoy-Özdemir
- Neuroscience Research Lab, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koҫ University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koҫ University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melike Mut
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Treatment of adult and pediatric high-grade gliomas with Withaferin A: antitumor mechanisms and future perspectives. J Nat Med 2016; 71:16-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-016-1020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Menachem A, Bodner O, Pastor J, Raz A, Kloog Y. Inhibition of malignant thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation by Ras and galectin-3 inhibitors. Cell Death Discov 2015; 1:15047. [PMID: 27551476 PMCID: PMC4979473 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic Thyroid carcinoma is an extremely aggressive solid tumor that resists most treatments and is almost always fatal. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an important marker for thyroid carcinomas and a scaffold of the K-Ras protein. S-trans, transfarnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS; Salirasib) is a Ras inhibitor that inhibits the active forms of Ras proteins. Modified citrus pectin (MCP) is a water-soluble citrus-fruit-derived polysaccharide fiber that specifically inhibits Gal-3. The aim of this study was to develop a novel drug combination designed to treat aggressive anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Combined treatment with FTS and MCP inhibited anaplastic thyroid cells proliferation in vitro by inducing cell cycle arrest and increasing apoptosis rate. Immunoblot analysis revealed a significant decrease in Pan-Ras, K-Ras, Ras-GTP, p-ERK, p53, and Gal-3 expression levels and significant increase in p21 expression levels. In nude mice, treatment with FTS and MCP inhibited tumor growth. Levels of Gal-3, K-Ras-GTP, and p-ERK were significantly decreased. To conclude, our results suggest K-Ras and Gal-3 as potential targets in anaplastic thyroid tumors and herald a novel treatment for highly aggressive anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Menachem
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - O Bodner
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - J Pastor
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Raz
- The Departments of Oncology and Pathology, School of Medicine, The Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Y Kloog
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv, Israel
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Wolfson E, Schmukler E, Schokoroy ST, Kloog Y, Pinkas-Kramarski R. Enhancing FTS (Salirasib) efficiency via combinatorial treatment. Biol Cell 2015; 107:130-43. [PMID: 25735913 DOI: 10.1111/boc.201400087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Ras oncogene transmits signals, which regulate various cellular processes including cell motility, differentiation, growth and death. Since Ras signalling is abnormally activated in more than 30% of human cancers, Ras and its downstream signalling pathways are considered good targets for therapeutic interference. Ras is post-translationally modified by the addition of a farnesyl group, which permits its attachment to the plasma membrane. Exploiting this knowledge, a synthetic Ras inhibitor, S-trans, trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS; Salirasib), was developed. FTS resembles the farnesylcysteine group of Ras, and acts as an effective Ras antagonist. In the present review, the effect of FTS in combination with various other drugs, as tested in vitro and in vivo, and its therapeutic potential are discussed. As reviewed, FTS cooperates with diverse therapeutic agents, which significantly improves treatment outcome. Therefore, combinations of FTS with other agents have a potential to serve as anti-cancer or anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eya Wolfson
- Department of Neurobiology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
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Cholesterol 24S-Hydroxylase Overexpression Inhibits the Liver X Receptor (LXR) Pathway by Activating Small Guanosine Triphosphate-Binding Proteins (sGTPases) in Neuronal Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1489-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pampalakis G, Obasuyi O, Papadodima O, Chatziioannou A, Zoumpourlis V, Sotiropoulou G. The KLK5 protease suppresses breast cancer by repressing the mevalonate pathway. Oncotarget 2014; 5:2390-403. [PMID: 24158494 PMCID: PMC4058013 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 5 (KLK5) displays aberrant expression in cancer. However, any functional association is missing. Here, we show that reconstitution of KLK5 expression in non-expressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells suppresses malignancy in vitro and in vivo dose-dependently. Reactivation of KLK5 suppressed key EMT genes. Unexpectedly, we identified altered expression of genes encoding enzymes of the mevalonate pathway typical of those observed upon cholesterol starvation. Consistently, we found that SREBF1, the master regulator of the mevalonate pathway was induced. KLK5 re-expression leads to reduced cellular cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis and enhanced uptake of LDL-cholesterol. Suppression of the mevalonate pathway in KLK5 transfectants was further shown by reduced synthesis of isoprenoids. Indeed, we found diminished levels of active RhoA, a signaling oncoprotein that requires prenylation for activation. We propose that reduced RhoA activation plays a dominant role in suppression of malignancy by KLK5, since geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate restored active RhoA in KLK5-reverted cells resulting in increased malignancy. For the first time, we suggest that a protease may suppress breast cancer by modulating the mevalonate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osahon Obasuyi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, Rion-Patras 26500
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Abstract
Clinical application of anticancer drugs is limited by problems such as low water solubility, lack of tissue-specificity and toxicity. Formulation development represents an important approach to these problems. Among the many delivery systems studied, polymeric micelles have gained considerable attention owing to ease in preparation, small sizes (10-100 nm), and ability to solubilize water-insoluble anticancer drugs and accumulate specifically at the tumors. This article provides a brief review of several promising micellar systems and their applications in tumor therapy. The emphasis is placed on the discussion of the authors' recent work on several nanomicellar systems that have both a delivery function and antitumor activity, named dual-function drug carriers.
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Growth of poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma is inhibited by combined action of medroxyprogesterone acetate and the Ras inhibitor Salirasib. Oncotarget 2014; 4:316-28. [PMID: 23530112 PMCID: PMC3712577 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a poorly differentiated EC. Unlike type 1 EC, which responds to hormonal treatment (progestins), type 2 EC is refractory to hormonal treatment because of its low expression of active estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR). The aim of this study was to develop a novel drug combination designed to treat these aggressive type 2 EC tumors without surgery and with fertility potential preserved. We examined the effects of combined treatment with the progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and the Ras inhibitor S-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS; Salirasib). Because FTS can induce cell differentiation in tumor cells, we examined whether FTS could induce re-differentiation of type 2 EC cells, thereby sensitizing them to MPA. We found that FTS reduced Ras-GTP, phospho-Akt, and phospho-ERK, and that these reductions all correlated with a decrease in ERα phosphorylation. Combined treatment with FTS and MPA induced stronger reduction in USPC1 type 2 EC cell numbers than the reduction induced by either drug alone. MPA caused ERα degradation. Death of the cells was caused by MPA but not by FTS. The phosphorylated ERα induces gene transcription manifested by enhanced cell proliferation and survival. The combination of FTS and MPA, by reducing the mRNA expression of ERα-mediated genes (i.e. PR, c-fos and ps2/TFF1), inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the death of type 2 EC cells. These promising results might herald a novel treatment for the highly aggressive, incurable type 2 endometrial carcinoma.
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Abstract
Galectins are a family of β-galactoside-binding lectins that exert diverse extracellular and intracellular effects. Galectin-7 and galectin-1 show opposing effects on proliferation and survival in different cell types. Galectin-7 is a p53-induced gene and an enhancer of apoptosis, whereas galectin-1 induces tumorigenicity and resistance to apoptosis in several types of cancers. We show here that in cells derived from neurofibromin-deficient (Nf1−/−) malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), Ras inhibition by S-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic-acid (FTS; Salirasib) shifts the pattern of galectin expression. Whereas FTS decreased levels of both active Ras and galectin-1 expression, it dramatically increased both the mRNA and protein expression levels of galectin-7. Galectin-7 accumulation was mediated through JNK inhibition presumably resulting from the observed induction of p53, and was negatively regulated by the AP-1 inhibitor JDP2. Expression of galectin-7 by itself decreased Ras activation in ST88-14 cells and rendered them sensitive to apoptosis. This observed shift in galectin expression pattern together with the accompanying shift from cell proliferation to apoptosis represents a novel pattern of Ras inhibition by FTS. This seems likely to be an important phenomenon in view of the fact that both enhanced cell proliferation and defects of apoptosis constitute major hallmarks of human cancers and play a central role in the resistance of MPNSTs to anti-cancer treatments. These findings suggest that FTS, alone or in combination with chemotherapy agents, may be worth developing as a possible treatment for MPNSTs.
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Lee J, Lee YJ, Oh SM, Yi JM, Kim NS, Bang OS. Bioactive compounds from the roots of Asiasarum heterotropoides. Molecules 2013; 19:122-38. [PMID: 24366089 PMCID: PMC6270674 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A new tetrahydrofuran lignan, (7S,8R,7'S,8'S)-3-methoxy-3',4'-methylenedioxy-7,9'-epoxylignane-4,7',9-triol (1), and 21 known compounds 2–22 were isolated from the roots of Asiasarum heterotropoides by chromatographic separation methods. The structures of all compounds 1–22 were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis including 1D- and 2D-NMR. Fourteen of these compounds (1–3, 7, 10, 12–17, 19, 21, and 22) were isolated from this species in this study for the first time. All of the isolates were evaluated for their anticancer activities using in vitro assays. Among the 22 tested compounds, two (compounds 5 and 7) induced the downregulation of NO production, FOXP3 expression, and HIF-1α transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ok-Sun Bang
- KM-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Korea.
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15
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Natan S, Tsarfaty G, Horev J, Haklai R, Kloog Y, Tsarfaty I. Interplay Between HGF/SF-Met-Ras Signaling, Tumor Metabolism and Blood Flow as a Potential Target for Breast Cancer Therapy. Oncoscience 2013; 1:30-38. [PMID: 25593982 PMCID: PMC4295761 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High glucose uptake and increase blood flow is a characteristic of most metastatic tumors. Activation of Ras signaling increases glycolytic flux into lactate, de novo nucleic acid synthesis and uncoupling of ATP synthase from the proton gradient. Met tyrosine kinase receptor signaling upon activation by its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), increases glycolysis, oxidative phosporylation, oxygen consumption, and tumor blood volume. Ras is a key factor in Met signaling. Using the Ras inhibitor S-trans,trans-farnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS), we investigated interplay between HGF/SF-Met–Ras signaling, metabolism, and tumor blood-flow regulation. In vitro, HGF/SF-activated Met increased Ras activity, Erk phosphorylation, cell motility and glucose uptake, but did not affect ATP. FTS inhibited basal and HGF/SF-induced signaling and cell motility, while further increasing glucose uptake and inhibiting ATP production. In vivo, HGF/SF rapidly increased tumor blood volume. FTS did not affect basal blood-flow but abolished the HGF/SF effect. Our results further demonstrate the complex interplay between growth-factor-receptor signaling and cellular and tumor metabolism, as reflected in blood flow. Inhibition of Ras signaling does not affect glucose consumption or basal tumor blood flow but dramatically decreases ATP synthesis and the HGF/SF induced increase in tumor blood volume. These findings demonstrate that the HGF/SF-Met–Ras pathway critically influences tumor-cell metabolism and tumor blood-flow regulation. This pathway could potentially be used to individualize tumor therapy based on functional molecular imaging, and for combined signaling/anti-metabolic targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Natan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University.,This work was done in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree of S.N
| | - Galia Tsarfaty
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Judith Horev
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
| | - Roni Haklai
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yoel Kloog
- Department of Neurobiology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ilan Tsarfaty
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University
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16
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Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Franklin RA, LaHair MM, Montalto G, Cervello M, Martelli AM, Nicoletti F, Candido S, Libra M, Polesel J, Talamini R, Milella M, Tafuri A, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA. Ectopic NGAL expression can alter sensitivity of breast cancer cells to EGFR, Bcl-2, CaM-K inhibitors and the plant natural product berberine. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4447-61. [PMID: 23159854 PMCID: PMC3552927 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, a.k.a Lnc2) is a member of the lipocalin family and has diverse roles. NGAL can stabilize matrix metalloproteinase-9 from autodegradation. NGAL is considered as a siderocalin that is important in the transport of iron. NGAL expression has also been associated with certain neoplasias and is implicated in the metastasis of breast cancer. In a previous study, we examined whether ectopic NGAL expression would alter the sensitivity of breast epithelial, breast and colorectal cancer cells to the effects of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. While abundant NGAL expression was detected in all the cells infected with a retrovirus encoding NGAL, this expression did not alter the sensitivity of these cells to doxorubicin as compared with empty vector-transduced cells. We were also interested in determining the effects of ectopic NGAL expression on the sensitivity to small-molecule inhibitors targeting key signaling molecules. Ectopic NGAL expression increased the sensitivity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to EGFR, Bcl-2 and calmodulin kinase inhibitors as well as the natural plant product berberine. Furthermore, when suboptimal concentrations of certain inhibitors were combined with doxorubicin, a reduction in the doxorubicin IC 50 was frequently observed. An exception was observed when doxorubicin was combined with rapamycin, as doxorubicin suppressed the sensitivity of the NGAL-transduced MCF-7 cells to rapamycin when compared with the empty vector controls. In contrast, changes in the sensitivities of the NGAL-transduced HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line and the breast epithelial MCF-10A cell line were not detected compared with empty vector-transduced cells. Doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/Dox (R) cells were examined in these experiments as a control drug-resistant line; it displayed increased sensitivity to EGFR and Bcl-2 inhibitors compared with empty vector transduced MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that NGAL expression can alter the sensitivity of certain cancer cells to small-molecule inhibitors, suggesting that patients whose tumors exhibit elevated NGAL expression or have become drug-resistant may display altered responses to certain small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Chappell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Richard A. Franklin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Michelle M. LaHair
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties; University of Palermo; Palermo, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”; Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”; Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; Università di Bologna; Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; National Research Council-Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute; Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; University of Catania; Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; University of Catania; Catania, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico; IRCCS; Aviano, Italy
| | - Renato Talamini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico; IRCCS; Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology; University of Rome, Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
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17
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McCubrey JA, Steelman LS, Chappell WH, Sun L, Davis NM, Abrams SL, Franklin RA, Cocco L, Evangelisti C, Chiarini F, Martelli AM, Libra M, Candido S, Ligresti G, Malaponte G, Mazzarino MC, Fagone P, Donia M, Nicoletti F, Polesel J, Talamini R, Bäsecke J, Mijatovic S, Maksimovic-Ivanic D, Michele M, Tafuri A, Dulińska-Litewka J, Laidler P, D'Assoro AB, Drobot L, Umezawa D, Montalto G, Cervello M, Demidenko ZN. Advances in targeting signal transduction pathways. Oncotarget 2012; 3:1505-21. [PMID: 23455493 PMCID: PMC3681490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, significant advances have occurred in both our understanding of the complexity of signal transduction pathways as well as the isolation of specific inhibitors which target key components in those pathways. Furthermore critical information is being accrued regarding how genetic mutations can affect the sensitivity of various types of patients to targeted therapy. Finally, genetic mechanisms responsible for the development of resistance after targeted therapy are being discovered which may allow the creation of alternative therapies to overcome resistance. This review will discuss some of the highlights over the past few years on the roles of key signaling pathways in various diseases, the targeting of signal transduction pathways and the genetic mechanisms governing sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, USA.
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Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of farnesylthiosalicylic acid derivatives as anti-tumor carcinoma agents. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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