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Wang T, Han JG, Dong W, Yu YH. LCN2 and ELANE overexpression induces sepsis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37255. [PMID: 38363924 PMCID: PMC10869048 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome characterized by a systemic inflammatory response due to the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. The relationship between Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), elastase, neutrophil expressed (ELANE) and sepsis remains unclear. The sepsis datasets GSE137340 and GSE154918 profiles were downloaded from gene expression omnibus generated from GPL10558. Batch normalization, differentially expressed Genes (DEGs) screening, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), functional enrichment analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), immune infiltration analysis, construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) analysis were performed. Gene expression heatmaps were generated. TargetScan was used to screen miRNAs of DEGs. 328 DEGs were identified. According to Gene Ontology (GO), in the Biological Process analysis, they were mainly enriched in immune response, apoptosis, inflammatory response, and immune response regulation signaling pathways. In cellular component analysis, they were mainly enriched in vesicles, cytoplasmic vesicles, and secretory granules. In Molecular Function analysis, they were mainly concentrated in hemoglobin binding, Toll-like receptor binding, immunoglobulin binding, and RAGE receptor binding. In Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), they were mainly enriched in NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, P53 signaling pathway, and legionellosis. Seventeen modules were generated. The PPI network identified 4 core genes (MPO, ELANE, CTSG, LCN2). Gene expression heatmaps revealed that core genes (MPO, ELANE, CTSG, LCN2) were highly expressed in sepsis samples. CTD analysis found that MPO, ELANE, CTSG and LCN2 were associated with sepsis, peritonitis, meningitis, pneumonia, infection, and inflammation. LCN2 and ELANE are highly expressed in sepsis and may serve as molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin University Chest Hospital, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Emergency and Critical Care, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-Ge Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Emergency and Critical Care, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Emergency and Critical Care, Jinnan District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong-Hao Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, China
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Zhong W, Wei X, Hao L, Lin TD, Yue R, Sun X, Guo W, Dong H, Li T, Ahmadi AR, Sun Z, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Zhou Z. Paneth Cell Dysfunction Mediates Alcohol-related Steatohepatitis Through Promoting Bacterial Translocation in Mice: Role of Zinc Deficiency. Hepatology 2020; 71:1575-1591. [PMID: 31520476 PMCID: PMC7069794 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Microbial dysbiosis is associated with alcohol-related hepatitis (AH), with the mechanisms yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the effects of alcohol and zinc deficiency on Paneth cell (PC) antimicrobial peptides, α-defensins, and to define the link between PC dysfunction and AH. APPROACH AND RESULTS Translocation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) was determined in patients with severe AH and in a mouse model of alcoholic steatohepatitis. Microbial composition and PC function were examined in mice. The link between α-defensin dysfunction and AH was investigated in α-defensin-deficient mice. Synthetic human α-defensin 5 (HD5) was orally given to alcohol-fed mice to test the therapeutic potential. The role of zinc deficiency in α-defensin was evaluated in acute and chronic mouse models of zinc deprivation. Hepatic inflammation was associated with PAMP translocation and lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) elevation in patients with AH. Antibiotic treatment, lipopolysaccharide injection to mice, and in vitro experiments showed that PAMPs, but not alcohol, directly induced LCN2 and CXCL1. Chronic alcohol feeding caused systemic dysbiosis and PC α-defensin reduction in mice. Knockout of functional α-defensins synergistically affected alcohol-perturbed bacterial composition and the gut barrier and exaggerated PAMP translocation and liver damage. Administration of HD5 effectively altered cecal microbial composition, especially increased Akkermansia muciniphila, and reversed the alcohol-induced deleterious effects. Zinc-regulated PC homeostasis and α-defensins function at multiple levels, and dietary zinc deficiency exaggerated the deleterious effect of alcohol on PC bactericidal activity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the study suggests that alcohol-induced PC α-defensin dysfunction is mediated by zinc deficiency and involved in the pathogenesis of AH. HD5 administration may represent a promising therapeutic approach for treating AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081.,Corresponding authors: Wei Zhong, Phone: 704-250-5814, . Zhanxiang Zhou, Phone: 704-250-5800.
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA 72701
| | - Liuyi Hao
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081
| | - Tai-Du Lin
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081
| | - Ruichao Yue
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081
| | - Xinguo Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081
| | - Wei Guo
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081
| | - Haibo Dong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081
| | - Ali R. Ahmadi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA 21205
| | - Qibin Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081
| | - Jiangchao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA 72701
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, USA 28081.,Corresponding authors: Wei Zhong, Phone: 704-250-5814, . Zhanxiang Zhou, Phone: 704-250-5800.
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Furukawa T, Shimoyama S, Miki Y, Nikaido Y, Koga K, Nakamura K, Wakabayashi K, Ueno S. Chronic diazepam administration increases the expression of Lcn2 in the CNS. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2017; 5:e00283. [PMID: 28596835 PMCID: PMC5461642 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzodiazepines (BZDs), which bind with high affinity to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAA-Rs) and potentiate the effects of GABA, are widely prescribed for anxiety, insomnia, epileptic discharge, and as anticonvulsants. The long-term use of BZDs is limited due to adverse effects such as tolerance, dependence, withdrawal effects, and impairments in cognition and learning. Additionally, clinical reports have shown that chronic BZD treatment increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Unusual GABAA-R subunit expression and GABAA-R phosphorylation are induced by chronic BZD use. However, the gene expression and signaling pathways related to these effects are not completely understood. In this study, we performed a microarray analysis to investigate the mechanisms underlying the effect of chronic BZD administration on gene expression. Diazepam (DZP, a BZD) was chronically administered, and whole transcripts in the brain were analyzed. We found that the mRNA expression levels were significantly affected by chronic DZP administration and that lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) mRNA was the most upregulated gene in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Lcn2 is known as an iron homeostasis-associated protein. Immunostained signals of Lcn2 were detected in neuron, astrocyte, microglia, and Lcn2 protein expression levels were consistently upregulated. This upregulation was observed without proinflammatory genes upregulation, and was attenuated by chronic treatment of deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), iron chelator. Our results suggest that chronic DZP administration regulates transcription and upregulates Lcn2 expression levels without an inflammatory response in the mouse brain. Furthermore, the DZP-induced upregulation of Lcn2 expression was influenced by ambient iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Furukawa
- Department of Neurophysiology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Shuji Shimoyama
- Research Center for Child Mental Development Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Department of Neuropathology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Nikaido
- Department of Neurophysiology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kohei Koga
- Department of Neurophysiology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakamura
- Research Center for Child Mental Development Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Koichi Wakabayashi
- Department of Neuropathology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
| | - Shinya Ueno
- Department of Neurophysiology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan.,Research Center for Child Mental Development Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ron receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in macrophages, including Kupffer cells and alveolar macrophages, suppresses endotoxin-induced proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production. Further, we have also identified genes from Ron replete and Ron deplete livers that were differentially expressed during the progression of liver inflammation associated with acute liver failure in mice by microarray analyses. While important genes and signaling pathways have been identified downstream of Ron signaling during progression of inflammation by this approach, the precise role that Ron receptor plays in regulating the transcriptional landscape in macrophages, and particular in isolated Kupffer cells, has still not been investigated. METHODS Kupffer cells were isolated from wild-type (TK+/+) and Ron tyrosine kinase deficient (TK-/-) mice. Ex vivo, the cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of the Ron ligand, hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFL). Microarray and qRT-PCR analyses were utilized to identify alterations in gene expression between genotypes. RESULTS Microarray analyses identified genes expressed differentially in TK+/+ and TK-/- Kupffer cells basally as well as after HGFL and LPS treatment. Interestingly, our studies identified Mefv, a gene that codes for the anti-inflammatory protein pyrin, as an HGFL-stimulated Ron-dependent gene. Moreover, lipocalin 2, a proinflammatory gene, which is induced by LPS, was significantly suppressed by HGFL treatment. Microarray results were validated by qRT-PCR studies on Kupffer cells treated with LPS and HGFL. CONCLUSION The studies herein suggest a novel mechanism whereby HGFL-induced Ron receptor activation promotes the expression of anti-inflammatory genes while inhibiting genes involved in inflammation with a net effect of diminished inflammation in macrophages.
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Halabian R, Tehrani HA, Jahanian-Najafabadi A, Habibi Roudkenar M. Lipocalin-2-mediated upregulation of various antioxidants and growth factors protects bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells against unfavorable microenvironments. Cell Stress Chaperones 2013; 18:785-800. [PMID: 23620204 PMCID: PMC3789877 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0430-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite many advantages of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that make them suitable for cell therapy purposes, their therapeutic application has been limited due to their susceptibility to several stresses (e.g., nutrient-poor environment, oxidative stress, and hypoxic and masses of cytotoxic factors) to which they are exposed during their preparation and following transplantation. Hence, reinforcing MSCs against these stresses is a challenge for both basic and clinician scientists. Recently, much attention has been directed toward equipping MSCs with cytoprotective factors to strengthen them against unfavorable microenvironments. Here, we engineered MSCs with lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), a cytoprotective factor that is naturally induced following exposure of cells to stresses imposed by the microenvironment. Lcn2 overexpression not only did not interfere with the multidifferentiation capacity of the MSCs but also granted many protective properties to them. Lcn2 potentiated MSCs to withstand oxidative, hypoxia, and serum deprivation (SD) conditions via antagonizing their induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Adhesion rate of MSCs to coated culture plates was also enhanced by Lcn2 overexpression. In addition, Lcn2 induced antioxidants and upregulated some growth factors in MSCs. Our findings suggested a new strategy for prevention of graft cell death in MSC-based cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Halabian
- />Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Abdul Tehrani
- />Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jahanian-Najafabadi
- />Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar
- />Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, P.O. Box 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran
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Chappell WH, Abrams SL, Franklin RA, LaHair MM, Montalto G, Cervello M, Martelli AM, Nicoletti F, Candido S, Libra M, Polesel J, Talamini R, Milella M, Tafuri A, Steelman LS, McCubrey JA. Ectopic NGAL expression can alter sensitivity of breast cancer cells to EGFR, Bcl-2, CaM-K inhibitors and the plant natural product berberine. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4447-61. [PMID: 23159854 PMCID: PMC3552927 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, a.k.a Lnc2) is a member of the lipocalin family and has diverse roles. NGAL can stabilize matrix metalloproteinase-9 from autodegradation. NGAL is considered as a siderocalin that is important in the transport of iron. NGAL expression has also been associated with certain neoplasias and is implicated in the metastasis of breast cancer. In a previous study, we examined whether ectopic NGAL expression would alter the sensitivity of breast epithelial, breast and colorectal cancer cells to the effects of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. While abundant NGAL expression was detected in all the cells infected with a retrovirus encoding NGAL, this expression did not alter the sensitivity of these cells to doxorubicin as compared with empty vector-transduced cells. We were also interested in determining the effects of ectopic NGAL expression on the sensitivity to small-molecule inhibitors targeting key signaling molecules. Ectopic NGAL expression increased the sensitivity of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to EGFR, Bcl-2 and calmodulin kinase inhibitors as well as the natural plant product berberine. Furthermore, when suboptimal concentrations of certain inhibitors were combined with doxorubicin, a reduction in the doxorubicin IC 50 was frequently observed. An exception was observed when doxorubicin was combined with rapamycin, as doxorubicin suppressed the sensitivity of the NGAL-transduced MCF-7 cells to rapamycin when compared with the empty vector controls. In contrast, changes in the sensitivities of the NGAL-transduced HT-29 colorectal cancer cell line and the breast epithelial MCF-10A cell line were not detected compared with empty vector-transduced cells. Doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/Dox (R) cells were examined in these experiments as a control drug-resistant line; it displayed increased sensitivity to EGFR and Bcl-2 inhibitors compared with empty vector transduced MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that NGAL expression can alter the sensitivity of certain cancer cells to small-molecule inhibitors, suggesting that patients whose tumors exhibit elevated NGAL expression or have become drug-resistant may display altered responses to certain small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Chappell
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Stephen L. Abrams
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Richard A. Franklin
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Michelle M. LaHair
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - Giuseppe Montalto
- Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties; University of Palermo; Palermo, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”; Palermo, Italy
| | - Melchiorre Cervello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare “Alberto Monroy”; Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto M. Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; Università di Bologna; Bologna, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; National Research Council-Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute; Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Candido
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; University of Catania; Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Libra
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences; University of Catania; Catania, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico; IRCCS; Aviano, Italy
| | - Renato Talamini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico; IRCCS; Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Agostino Tafuri
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology and Hematology; University of Rome, Sapienza; Rome, Italy
| | - Linda S. Steelman
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
| | - James A. McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology; Brody School of Medicine; East Carolina University; Greenville, NC USA
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