1
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Mustafov D, Karteris E, Braoudaki M. Deciphering the Role of microRNA Mediated Regulation of Coronin 1C in Glioblastoma Development and Metastasis. Noncoding RNA 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 36649032 PMCID: PMC9844418 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna9010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly heterogenic and malignant brain tumour with a median survival of 15 months. The initial identification of primary glioblastomas is often challenging. Coronin 1C (CORO1C) is a key player in actin rearrangement and cofilin dynamics, as well as enhancing the processes of neurite overgrowth and migration of brain tumour cells. Different bioinformatic databases were accessed to measure CORO1C expression at the mRNA and protein level in normal and malignant brains. CORO1C expression was observed in brain regions which have retained high synaptic plasticity and myelination properties. CORO1C was also expressed mainly within the hippocampus formation, including the Cornu Ammonis (CA) fields: CA1-CA4. Higher expression was also noticed in paediatric GBM in comparison to their adult counterparts. Pediatric cell populations were observed to have an increased log2 expression of CORO1C. Furthermore, 62 miRNAs were found to target the CORO1C gene. Of these, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-512-3p, hsa-miR-136-5p, hsa-miR-206, hsa-miR-128-3p, and hsa-miR-21-5p have shown to act as tumour suppressors or oncomiRs in different neoplasms, including GBM. The elevated expression of CORO1C in high grade metastatic brain malignancies, including GBM, suggests that this protein could have a clinical utility as a biomarker linked to an unfavorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Mustafov
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Emmanouil Karteris
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Maria Braoudaki
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
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2
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Understanding nanomedicine treatment in an aggressive spontaneous brain cancer model at the stage of early blood brain barrier disruption. Biomaterials 2022; 283:121416. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Nagarajan PP, Tora MS, Neill SG, Federici T, Texakalidis P, Donsante A, Canoll P, Lei K, Boulis NM. Lentiviral-Induced Spinal Cord Gliomas in Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12943. [PMID: 34884748 PMCID: PMC8657985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramedullary spinal cord tumors are a rare and understudied cancer with poor treatment options and prognosis. Our prior study used a combination of PDGF-B, HRAS, and p53 knockdown to induce the development of high-grade glioma in the spinal cords of minipigs. In this study, we evaluate the ability of each vector alone and combinations of vectors to produce high-grade spinal cord gliomas. Eight groups of rats (n = 8/group) underwent thoracolumbar laminectomy and injection of lentiviral vector in the lateral white matter of the spinal cord. Each group received a different combination of lentiviral vectors expressing PDGF-B, a constitutively active HRAS mutant, or shRNA targeting p53, or a control vector. All animals were monitored once per week for clinical deficits for 98 days. Tissues were harvested and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Rats injected with PDGF-B+HRAS+sh-p53 (triple cocktail) exhibited statistically significant declines in all behavioral measures (Basso Beattie Bresnahan scoring, Tarlov scoring, weight, and survival rate) over time when compared to the control. Histologically, all groups except the control and those injected with sh-p53 displayed the development of tumors at the injection site, although there were differences in the rate of tumor growth and the histopathological features of the lesions between groups. Examination of immunohistochemistry revealed rats receiving triple cocktail displayed the largest and most significant increase in the Ki67 proliferation index and GFAP positivity than any other group. PDGF-B+HRAS also displayed a significant increase in the Ki67 proliferation index. Rats receiving PDGF-B alone and PDGF-B+ sh-p53 displayed more a significant increase in SOX2-positive staining than in any other group. We found that different vector combinations produced differing high-grade glioma models in rodents. The combination of all three vectors produced a model of high-grade glioma more efficiently and aggressively with respect to behavioral, physiological, and histological characteristics than the rest of the vector combinations. Thus, the present rat model of spinal cord glioma may potentially be used to evaluate therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purva P. Nagarajan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Muhibullah S. Tora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Stewart G. Neill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Thais Federici
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Pavlos Texakalidis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Anthony Donsante
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Kecheng Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
| | - Nicholas M. Boulis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (P.P.N.); (M.S.T.); (T.F.); (P.T.); (A.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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4
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Wen PY, Stein A, van den Bent M, De Greve J, Wick A, de Vos FYFL, von Bubnoff N, van Linde ME, Lai A, Prager GW, Campone M, Fasolo A, Lopez-Martin JA, Kim TM, Mason WP, Hofheinz RD, Blay JY, Cho DC, Gazzah A, Pouessel D, Yachnin J, Boran A, Burgess P, Ilankumaran P, Gasal E, Subbiah V. Dabrafenib plus trametinib in patients with BRAF V600E-mutant low-grade and high-grade glioma (ROAR): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm, phase 2, basket trial. Lancet Oncol 2021; 23:53-64. [PMID: 34838156 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective treatments are needed to improve outcomes for high-grade glioma and low-grade glioma. The activity and safety of dabrafenib plus trametinib were evaluated in adult patients with recurrent or progressive BRAFV600E mutation-positive high-grade glioma and low-grade glioma. METHODS This study is part of an ongoing open-label, single-arm, phase 2 Rare Oncology Agnostic Research (ROAR) basket trial at 27 community and academic cancer centres in 13 countries (Austria, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, and the USA). The study enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0, 1, or 2. Patients with BRAFV600E mutation-positive high-grade glioma and low-grade glioma received dabrafenib 150 mg twice daily plus trametinib 2 mg once daily orally until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, or death. In the high-grade glioma cohort, patients were required to have measurable disease at baseline using the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology high-grade glioma response criteria and have been treated previously with radiotherapy and first-line chemotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Patients with low-grade glioma were required to have measurable non-enhancing disease (except pilocytic astrocytoma) at baseline using the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology low-grade glioma criteria. The primary endpoint, in the evaluable intention-to-treat population, was investigator-assessed objective response rate (complete response plus partial response for high-grade glioma and complete response plus partial response plus minor response for low-grade glioma). This trial is ongoing, but is closed for enrolment, NCT02034110. FINDINGS Between April 17, 2014, and July 25, 2018, 45 patients (31 with glioblastoma) were enrolled into the high-grade glioma cohort and 13 patients were enrolled into the low-grade glioma cohort. The results presented here are based on interim analysis 16 (data cutoff Sept 14, 2020). In the high-grade glioma cohort, median follow-up was 12·7 months (IQR 5·4-32·3) and 15 (33%; 95% CI 20-49) of 45 patients had an objective response by investigator assessment, including three complete responses and 12 partial responses. In the low-grade glioma cohort, median follow-up was 32·2 months (IQR 25·1-47·8). Nine (69%; 95% CI 39-91) of 13 patients had an objective response by investigator assessment, including one complete response, six partial responses, and two minor responses. Grade 3 or worse adverse events were reported in 31 (53%) patients, the most common being fatigue (five [9%]), decreased neutrophil count (five [9%]), headache (three [5%]), and neutropenia (three [5%]). INTERPRETATION Dabrafenib plus trametinib showed clinically meaningful activity in patients with BRAFV600E mutation-positive recurrent or refractory high-grade glioma and low-grade glioma, with a safety profile consistent with that in other indications. BRAFV600E testing could potentially be adopted in clinical practice for patients with glioma. FUNDING Novartis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y Wen
- Center for Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexander Stein
- Department of Internal Medicine II (Oncology Center), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin van den Bent
- Brain Tumor Center and Department of Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacques De Greve
- University Hospital Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antje Wick
- Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Filip Y F L de Vos
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nikolas von Bubnoff
- University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Myra E van Linde
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Albert Lai
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gerald W Prager
- Department of Medicine I, AKH Wien, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mario Campone
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Angelica Fasolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Raffaele IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Tae Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Warren P Mason
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Center Leon Berard & University Claude Bernard Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Daniel C Cho
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas Gazzah
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Damien Pouessel
- Department of Medical Oncology & Clinical Research Unit, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Jeffrey Yachnin
- Karolinska University Hospital, Theme Cancer, Center for Clinical Cancer Studies, Solna, Sweden
| | - Aislyn Boran
- Global Drug Development, Oncology Development Unit, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Paul Burgess
- Global Drug Development, Oncology Development Unit, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Palanichamy Ilankumaran
- Global Drug Development, Oncology Development Unit, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Eduard Gasal
- Global Drug Development, Oncology Development Unit, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Clinical Trials Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Houston Z, Bunt J, Chen KS, Puttick S, Howard CB, Fletcher NL, Fuchs AV, Cui J, Ju Y, Cowin G, Song X, Boyd AW, Mahler SM, Richards LJ, Caruso F, Thurecht KJ. Understanding the Uptake of Nanomedicines at Different Stages of Brain Cancer Using a Modular Nanocarrier Platform and Precision Bispecific Antibodies. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:727-738. [PMID: 32490189 PMCID: PMC7256936 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Increasing accumulation and retention of nanomedicines within tumor tissue is a significant challenge, particularly in the case of brain tumors where access to the tumor through the vasculature is restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This makes the application of nanomedicines in neuro-oncology often considered unfeasible, with efficacy limited to regions of significant disease progression and compromised BBB. However, little is understood about how the evolving tumor-brain physiology during disease progression affects the permeability and retention of designer nanomedicines. We report here the development of a modular nanomedicine platform that, when used in conjunction with a unique model of how tumorigenesis affects BBB integrity, allows investigation of how nanomaterial properties affect uptake and retention in brain tissue. By combining different in vivo longitudinal imaging techniques (including positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), we have evaluated the retention of nanomedicines with predefined physicochemical properties (size and surface functionality) and established a relationship between structure and tissue accumulation as a function of a new parameter that measures BBB leakiness; this offers significant advancements in our ability to relate tumor accumulation of nanomedicines to more physiologically relevant parameters. Our data show that accumulation of nanomedicines in brain tumor tissue is better correlated with the leakiness of the BBB than actual tumor volume. This was evaluated by establishing brain tumors using a spontaneous and endogenously derived glioblastoma model providing a unique opportunity to assess these parameters individually and compare the results across multiple mice. We also quantitatively demonstrate that smaller nanomedicines (20 nm) can indeed cross the BBB and accumulate in tumors at earlier stages of the disease than larger analogues, therefore opening the possibility of developing patient-specific nanoparticle treatment interventions in earlier stages of the disease. Importantly, these results provide a more predictive approach for designing efficacious personalized nanomedicines based on a particular patient's condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary
H. Houston
- Centre
for Advanced Imaging, The University of
Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jens Bunt
- Queensland
Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kok-Siong Chen
- Queensland
Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Brigham
and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Simon Puttick
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Commonwealth
Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Probing Biosystems
Future Science Platform, Royal Brisbane
and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Christopher B. Howard
- Centre
for Advanced Imaging, The University of
Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Training
Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical
Innovation The University
of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas L. Fletcher
- Centre
for Advanced Imaging, The University of
Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Adrian V. Fuchs
- Centre
for Advanced Imaging, The University of
Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jiwei Cui
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Key
Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yi Ju
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gary Cowin
- Centre
for Advanced Imaging, The University of
Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xin Song
- Centre
for Advanced Imaging, The University of
Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew W. Boyd
- Leukaemia
Foundation Laboratory, QIMR-Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
- Department
of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen M. Mahler
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical
Innovation The University
of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Linda J. Richards
- Queensland
Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- The
School of Biomedical Sciences, The University
of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kristofer J. Thurecht
- Centre
for Advanced Imaging, The University of
Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Training
Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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6
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Koschmann C, Wu YM, Kumar-Sinha C, Lonigro R, Vats P, Kasaian K, Cieslik M, Cao X, Anderson B, Frank K, Zhao L, Prensner JR, Zureick AH, Everett J, Mullan B, Marini B, Camelo-Piragua S, Venneti S, McKeever P, McFadden K, Lieberman AP, Leonard M, Maher CO, Garton H, Muraszko K, Robertson P, Robinson D, Chinnaiyan AM, Mody R. Clinically Integrated Sequencing Alters Therapy in Children and Young Adults With High-Risk Glial Brain Tumors. JCO Precis Oncol 2018; 2. [PMID: 32832832 DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Brain tumors have become the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in young patients. Novel effective therapies on the basis of the unique biology of each tumor are urgently needed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, utility, and clinical impact of integrative clinical sequencing and genetic counseling in children and young adults with high-risk brain tumors. Patients and Methods Fifty-two children and young adults with brain tumors designated by the treating neuro-oncologist to be high risk (> 25% chance for treatment failure; mean age, 10.2 years; range, 0 to 39 years) were enrolled in a prospective, observational, consecutive case series, in which participants underwent integrative clinical exome (tumor and germline DNA) and transcriptome (tumor RNA) sequencing and genetic counseling. Results were discussed in a multi-institutional brain tumor precision medicine teleconference. Results Sequencing revealed a potentially actionable germline or tumor alteration in 25 (63%) of 40 tumors with adequate tissue, of which 21 (53%) resulted in an impact on treatment or change of diagnosis. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor or fibroblast growth factor receptor pathway alterations were seen in nine of 20 (45%) glial tumors. Eight (20%) sequenced tumors harbored an oncogenic fusion isolated on RNA sequencing. Seventeen of 20 patients (85%) with glial tumors were found to have a potentially actionable result, which resulted in change of therapy in 14 (70%) patients. Patients with recurrent brain tumors receiving targeted therapy had a median progression-free survival (from time on therapy) of 4 months. Conclusion Selection of personalized agents for children and young adults with highrisk brain tumors on the basis of integrative clinical sequencing is feasible and resulted in a change in therapy in more than two thirds of children and young adults with high-risk glial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Koschmann
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yi-Mi Wu
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Robert Lonigro
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Pankaj Vats
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Marcin Cieslik
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Xuhong Cao
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Kevin Frank
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Lili Zhao
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | | | - Brendan Mullan
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Bernard Marini
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Sriram Venneti
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Paul McKeever
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - Marcia Leonard
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Cormac O Maher
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Hugh Garton
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Karin Muraszko
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Dan Robinson
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Rajen Mody
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
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7
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McEachron TA, Tomboc P, Tran NL. An integrated approach to identifying clinically relevant targets in pediatric gliomas. CNS Oncol 2015; 2:303-6. [PMID: 25054574 DOI: 10.2217/cns.13.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Troy A McEachron
- Integrated Cancer Genomics, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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8
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Lynes J, Wibowo M, Koschmann C, Baker GJ, Saxena V, Muhammad AKMG, Bondale N, Klein J, Assi H, Lieberman AP, Castro MG, Lowenstein PR. Lentiviral-induced high-grade gliomas in rats: the effects of PDGFB, HRAS-G12V, AKT, and IDH1-R132H. Neurotherapeutics 2014; 11:623-35. [PMID: 24752661 PMCID: PMC4121445 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-014-0269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In human gliomas, the RTK/RAS/PI(3)K signaling pathway is nearly always altered. We present a model of experimental gliomagenesis that elucidates the contributions of genes involved in this pathway (PDGF-B ligand, HRAS-G12V, and AKT). We also examine the effect on gliomagenesis by the potential modifier gene, IDH1-R132H. Injections of lentiviral-encoded oncogenes induce de novo gliomas of varying penetrance, tumor progression, and histological grade depending on the specific oncogenes used. Our model mimics hallmark histological structures of high-grade glioma, such as pseudopalisades, glomeruloid microvascular proliferation, and diffuse tumor invasion. We use our model of gliomagenesis to test the efficacy of an experimental brain tumor gene therapy. Our model allowed us to test the contributions of oncogenes in the RTK/RAS/PI(3)K pathway, and their potential modification by over-expression of mutated IDH1, in glioma development and progression in rats. Our model constitutes a clinically relevant system to study gliomagenesis, the effects of modifier genes, and the efficacy of experimental therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lynes
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Mia Wibowo
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Carl Koschmann
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Gregory J. Baker
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Vandana Saxena
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - A. K. M. G. Muhammad
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Niyati Bondale
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Julia Klein
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Hikmat Assi
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Andrew P. Lieberman
- />Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Maria G. Castro
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- />Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, 4570 MSRB II, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- />Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Immunocompetent murine models for the study of glioblastoma immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2014; 12:107. [PMID: 24779345 PMCID: PMC4012243 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains a lethal diagnosis with a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. (NEJM 352:987-96, 2005) Although immunotherapy-based approaches are capable of inducing detectable immune responses against tumor-specific antigens, improvements in clinical outcomes are modest, in no small part due to tumor-induced immunosuppressive mechanisms that promote immune escape and immuno-resistance. Immunotherapeutic strategies aimed at bolstering the immune response while neutralizing immunosuppression will play a critical role in improving treatment outcomes for glioblastoma patients. In vivo murine models of glioma provide an invaluable resource to achieving that end, and their use is an essential part of the preclinical workup for novel therapeutics that need to be tested in animal models prior to testing experimental therapies in patients. In this article, we review five contemporary immunocompetent mouse models, GL261 (C57BL/6), GL26 (C57BL/6) CT-2A (C57BL/6), SMA-560 (VM/Dk), and 4C8 (B6D2F1), each of which offer a suitable platform for testing novel immunotherapeutic approaches.
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10
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Abdallah BY, Horne SD, Stevens JB, Liu G, Ying AY, Vanderhyden B, Krawetz SA, Gorelick R, Heng HH. Single cell heterogeneity: why unstable genomes are incompatible with average profiles. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3640-9. [PMID: 24091732 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-level heterogeneity is a fundamental but underappreciated feature of cancer. Most technical and analytical methods either completely ignore heterogeneity or do not fully account for it, as heterogeneity has been considered noise that needs to be eliminated. We have used single-cell and population-based assays to describe an instability-mediated mechanism where genome heterogeneity drastically affects cell growth and cannot be accurately measured using conventional averages. First, we show that most unstable cancer cell populations exhibit high levels of karyotype heterogeneity, where it is difficult, if not impossible, to karyotypically clone cells. Second, by comparing stable and unstable cell populations, we show that instability-mediated karyotype heterogeneity leads to growth heterogeneity, where outliers dominantly contribute to population growth and exhibit shorter cell cycles. Predictability of population growth is more difficult for heterogeneous cell populations than for homogenous cell populations. Since "outliers" play an important role in cancer evolution, where genome instability is the key feature, averaging methods used to characterize cell populations are misleading. Variances quantify heterogeneity; means (averages) smooth heterogeneity, invariably hiding it. Cell populations of pathological conditions with high genome instability, like cancer, behave differently than karyotypically homogeneous cell populations. Single-cell analysis is thus needed when cells are not genomically identical. Despite increased attention given to single-cell variation mediated heterogeneity of cancer cells, continued use of average-based methods is not only inaccurate but deceptive, as the "average" cancer cell clearly does not exist. Genome-level heterogeneity also may explain population heterogeneity, drug resistance, and cancer evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Y Abdallah
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics; Wayne State University School of Medicine; Detroit, MI USA
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11
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Jones C, Perryman L, Hargrave D. Paediatric and adult malignant glioma: close relatives or distant cousins? Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2012; 9:400-13. [PMID: 22641364 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2012.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas in children differ from their adult counterparts by their distribution of histological grade, site of presentation and rate of malignant transformation. Although rare in the paediatric population, patients with high-grade gliomas have, for the most part, a comparably dismal clinical outcome to older patients with morphologically similar lesions. Molecular profiling data have begun to reveal the major genetic alterations underpinning these malignant tumours in children. Indeed, the accumulation of large datasets on adult high-grade glioma has revealed key biological differences between the adult and paediatric disease. Furthermore, subclassifications within the childhood age group can be made depending on age at diagnosis and tumour site. However, challenges remain on how to reconcile clinical data from adult patients to tailor novel treatment strategies specifically for paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Jones
- Divisions of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK
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