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Sinha P, Thio CL, Balagopal A. Intracellular Host Restriction of Hepatitis B Virus Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:764. [PMID: 38793645 PMCID: PMC11125714 DOI: 10.3390/v16050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects hepatocytes and hijacks host cellular mechanisms for its replication. Host proteins can be frontline effectors of the cell's defense and restrict viral replication by impeding multiple steps during its intracellular lifecycle. This review summarizes many of the well-described restriction factors, their mechanisms of restriction, and counteractive measures of HBV, with a special focus on viral transcription. We discuss some of the limitations and knowledge gaps about the restriction factors, highlighting how these factors may be harnessed to facilitate therapeutic strategies against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashwin Balagopal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (P.S.); (C.L.T.)
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2
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He Y, Zhou J, Gao H, Liu C, Zhan P, Liu X. Broad-spectrum antiviral strategy: Host-targeting antivirals against emerging and re-emerging viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116069. [PMID: 38160620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Viral infections are amongst the most prevalent diseases that pose a significant threat to human health. Targeting viral proteins or host factors represents two primary strategies for the development of antiviral drugs. In contrast to virus-targeting antivirals (VTAs), host-targeting antivirals (HTAs) offer advantages in terms of overcoming drug resistance and effectively combating a wide range of viruses, including newly emerging ones. Therefore, targeting host factors emerges as an extremely promising strategy with the potential to address critical challenges faced by VTAs. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the discovery and development of HTAs, leading to the approval of maraviroc, a chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) antagonist used for the treatment of HIV-1 infected individuals, with several other potential treatments in various stages of development for different viral infections. This review systematically summarizes advancements made in medicinal chemistry regarding various host targets and classifies them into four distinct catagories based on their involvement in the viral life cycle: virus attachment and entry, biosynthesis, nuclear import and export, and viral release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Huizhan Gao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, Shandong Province, PR China.
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3
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He W, Xu C, Mao D, Zheng Y, Wang N, Wang M, Mao N, Wang T, Li Y. Recent advances in pyroptosis, liver disease, and traditional Chinese medicine: A review. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5473-5494. [PMID: 37622684 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of liver disease has increased, becoming a major cause of death. Various liver diseases are intricately linked to pyroptosis, which is one of the most common forms of programmed cell death. As a powerful weapon in the fight against liver diseases, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can affect pyroptosis via a number of routes, including the classical, nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors protein 3/caspase-1/gasdermin D (GSDMD) pathway, the nonclassical lipopolysaccharide/caspase-11/GSDMD pathway, the ROS/caspase-3/gasdermin E pathway, the caspase-9/caspase-3/GSDMD pathway, and the Apaf-1/caspase-11/caspase-3 pathway. In this review, we provide an overview of pyroptosis, the interplay between pyroptosis and liver diseases, and the mechanisms through which TCM regulates pyroptosis in liver diseases. The information used in the text was collected and compiled from the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and Wanfang Data up to June 2023. The search was not limited with regard to the language and country of the articles. Research and review articles were included, and papers with duplicate results or unrelated content were excluded. We examined the current understanding of the relationship between pyroptosis and liver diseases as well as the advances in TCM interventions to provide a resource for the identification of potential targets for TCM in the treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing He
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Canli Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Dewen Mao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Minggang Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Nan Mao
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Jiangbin Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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4
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Nakaya Y, Nishizawa T, Nishitsuji H, Morita H, Yamagata T, Onomura D, Murata K. TRIM26 positively affects hepatitis B virus replication by inhibiting proteasome-dependent degradation of viral core protein. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13584. [PMID: 37604854 PMCID: PMC10442393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major medical concern worldwide. Current treatments for HBV infection effectively inhibit virus replication; however, these treatments cannot cure HBV and novel treatment-strategies should be necessary. In this study, we identified tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) could be a supportive factor for HBV replication. Small interfering RNA-mediated TRIM26 knockdown (KD) modestly attenuated HBV replication in human hepatocytes. Endogenous TRIM26 physically interacted with HBV core protein (HBc), but not polymerase and HBx, through the TRIM26 SPRY domain. Unexpectedly, TRIM26 inhibited HBc ubiquitination even though TRIM26 is an E3 ligase. HBc was degraded by TRIM26 KD in Huh-7 cells, whereas the reduction was restored by a proteasome inhibitor. RING domain-deleted TRIM26 mutant (TRIM26ΔR), a dominant negative form of TRIM26, sequestered TRIM26 from HBc, resulting in promoting HBc degradation. Taking together, this study demonstrated that HBV utilizes TRIM26 to avoid the proteasome-dependent HBc degradation. The interaction between TRIM26 and HBc might be a novel therapeutic target against HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nakaya
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Nishizawa
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hironori Nishitsuji
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hiromi Morita
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamagata
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Daichi Onomura
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan.
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5
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Prange R. Hepatitis B virus movement through the hepatocyte: An update. Biol Cell 2022; 114:325-348. [PMID: 35984727 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202200060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that utilize cellular machinery for many aspects of their propagation and effective egress of virus particles from host cells is one important determinant of virus infectivity. Hijacking host cell processes applies in particular to the hepatitis B virus (HBV), as its DNA genome with about 3 kb in size is one of the smallest viral genomes known. HBV is a leading cause of liver disease and still displays one of the most successful pathogens in human populations worldwide. The extremely successful spread of this virus is explained by its efficient transmission strategies and its versatile particle types, including virions, empty envelopes, naked capsids and others. HBV exploits distinct host trafficking machineries to assemble and release its particle types including nucleocytoplasmic shuttling transport, secretory and exocytic pathways, the Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport pathway, and the autophagy pathway. Understanding how HBV uses and subverts host membrane trafficking systems offers the chance of obtaining new mechanistic insights into the regulation and function of this essential cellular processes. It can also help to identify potential targets for antiviral interventions. Here, I will provide an overview of HBV maturation, assembly, and budding, with a focus on recent advances, and will point out areas where questions remain that can benefit from future studies. Unless otherwise indicated, almost all presented knowledge was gained from cell culture-based, HBV in vitro -replication and in vitro -infection systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhild Prange
- Department of Virology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Augustusplatz, Mainz, D-55131, Germany
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6
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Miyakawa K, Nishi M, Ogawa M, Matsunaga S, Sugiyama M, Nishitsuji H, Kimura H, Ohnishi M, Watashi K, Shimotohno K, Wakita T, Ryo A. Galectin-9 restricts hepatitis B virus replication via p62/SQSTM1-mediated selective autophagy of viral core proteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:531. [PMID: 35087074 PMCID: PMC8795376 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been linked to a wide range of functions, including a degradative process that defends host cells against pathogens. Although the involvement of autophagy in HBV infection has become apparent, it remains unknown whether selective autophagy plays a critical role in HBV restriction. Here, we report that a member of the galectin family, GAL9, directs the autophagic degradation of HBV HBc. BRET screening revealed that GAL9 interacts with HBc in living cells. Ectopic expression of GAL9 induces the formation of HBc-containing cytoplasmic puncta through interaction with another antiviral factor viperin, which co-localized with the autophagosome marker LC3. Mechanistically, GAL9 associates with HBc via viperin at the cytoplasmic puncta and enhanced the auto-ubiquitination of RNF13, resulting in p62 recruitment to form LC3-positive autophagosomes. Notably, both GAL9 and viperin are type I IFN-stimulated genes that act synergistically for the IFN-dependent proteolysis of HBc in HBV-infected hepatocytes. Collectively, these results reveal a previously undescribed antiviral mechanism against HBV in infected cells and a form of crosstalk between the innate immune system and selective autophagy in viral infection. In human cells, invading pathogens trigger an innate immune response that helps prevent viral replication and spread. Here, the authors reveal a mechanism of innate immunity that selectively leads to the autophagic degradation of hepatitis B virus core protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Michinaga Ogawa
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
| | - Hironori Nishitsuji
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, 370-0006, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kunitada Shimotohno
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, 272-8516, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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7
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Singh R, Ramsuran V, Naranbhai V, Yende-Zuma N, Garrett N, Mlisana K, Dong KL, Walker BD, Abdool Karim SS, Carrington M, Ndung'u T. Epigenetic Regulation of BST-2 Expression Levels and the Effect on HIV-1 Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:669241. [PMID: 34025670 PMCID: PMC8131512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.669241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 must overcome host antiviral restriction factors for efficient replication. We hypothesized that elevated levels of bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2), a potent host restriction factor that interferes with HIV-1 particle release in some human cells and is antagonized by the viral protein Vpu, may associate with viral control. Using cryopreserved samples, from HIV-1 seronegative and seropositive Black women, we measured in vitro expression levels of BST-2 mRNA using a real-time PCR assay and protein levels were validated by Western blotting. The expression level of BST-2 showed an association with viral control within two independent cohorts of Black HIV infected females (r=-0.53, p=0.015, [n =21]; and r=-0.62, p=0.0006, [n=28]). DNA methylation was identified as a mechanism regulating BST-2 levels, where increased BST-2 methylation results in lower expression levels and associates with worse HIV disease outcome. We further demonstrate the ability to regulate BST-2 levels using a DNA hypomethylation drug. Our results suggest BST-2 as a factor for potential therapeutic intervention against HIV and other diseases known to involve BST-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravesh Singh
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa.,Department of Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Services, KZN Academic Complex, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Yende-Zuma
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nigel Garrett
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Koleka Mlisana
- Department of Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Services, KZN Academic Complex, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Krista L Dong
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bruce D Walker
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa.,The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Salim S Abdool Karim
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mary Carrington
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa.,The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Chariteplatz, Berlin, Germany.,Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Shih C, Wu SY, Chou SF, Yuan TTT. Virion Secretion of Hepatitis B Virus Naturally Occurring Core Antigen Variants. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010043. [PMID: 33396864 PMCID: PMC7823318 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In natural infection, hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein (HBc) accumulates frequent mutations. The most frequent HBc variant in chronic hepatitis B patients is mutant 97L, changing from an isoleucine or phenylalanine to a leucine (L) at HBc amino acid 97. One dogma in the HBV research field is that wild type HBV secretes predominantly virions containing mature double-stranded DNA genomes. Immature genomes, containing single-stranded RNA or DNA, do not get efficiently secreted until reaching genome maturity. Interestingly, HBc variant 97L does not follow this dogma in virion secretion. Instead, it exhibits an immature secretion phenotype, which preferentially secretes virions containing immature genomes. Other aberrant behaviors in virion secretion were also observed in different naturally occurring HBc variants. A hydrophobic pocket around amino acid 97 was identified by bioinformatics, genetic analysis, and cryo-EM. We postulated that this hydrophobic pocket could mediate the transduction of the genome maturation signal for envelopment from the capsid interior to its surface. Virion morphogenesis must involve interactions between HBc, envelope proteins (HBsAg) and host factors, such as components of ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport). Immature secretion can be offset by compensatory mutations, occurring at other positions in HBc or HBsAg. Recently, we demonstrated in mice that the persistence of intrahepatic HBV DNA is related to virion secretion regulated by HBV genome maturity. HBV virion secretion could be an antiviral drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaho Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (T.-T.T.Y.)
| | - Szu-Yao Wu
- Chimera Bioscience Inc., No. 18 Siyuan St., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei 10087, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Fan Chou
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Ta-Tung Thomas Yuan
- TFBS Bioscience, Inc. 3F, No. 103, Ln 169, Kangning St., Xizhi Dist., New Taipei City 221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (T.-T.T.Y.)
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9
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Yamaoka Y, Matsunaga S, Jeremiah SS, Nishi M, Miyakawa K, Morita T, Khatun H, Shimizu H, Okabe N, Kimura H, Hasegawa H, Ryo A. Zika virus protease induces caspase-independent pyroptotic cell death by directly cleaving gasdermin D. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 534:666-671. [PMID: 33208231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The association of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection with a congenital malformation in fetuses, neurological, and other systemic complications in adults have brought significant global health emergency. ZIKV targets nerve cells in the brain and causes cell death, such as pyroptosis, leading to neuroinflammation. Here we described a novel mechanism of pyroptosis caused by ZIKV protease. We found that ZIKV protease directly cleaved the GSDMD into N-terminal fragment (1-249) leading to pyroptosis in a caspase-independent manner, suggesting a direct mechanism of ZIKV-induced cell death and subsequent inflammation. Our findings might shed new light to explore the pathogenesis of ZIKV infections where ZIKV protease might be a suitable target for the development of antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan; Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Kanagawa, 259-1146, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sundararaj S Jeremiah
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hajera Khatun
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okabe
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kanagawa, 210-0821, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School, Gunma, 370-0006, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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10
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Al Mamun A, Wu Y, Jia C, Munir F, Sathy KJ, Sarker T, Monalisa I, Zhou K, Xiao J. Role of pyroptosis in liver diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106489. [PMID: 32304992 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is known as a novel form of pro-inflammatory cell death program, which is exceptional from other types of cell death programs. Particularly, pyroptosis is characterized by Gasdermin family-mediated pore formation and subsequently cellular lysis, also release of several pro-inflammatory intracellular cytokines. In terms of mechanism, there are two signaling pathways involved in pyroptosis, including caspase-1, and caspase-4/5/11 mediated pathways. However, pyroptosis plays important roles in immune defense mechanisms. Recent studies have demonstrated that pyroptosis plays significant roles in the development of liver diseases. In our review, we have focused on the role of pyroptosis based on the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms in the development of liver diseases. We have also highlighted targeting of pyroptosis for the therapeutic implications in liver diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yanqing Wu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chang Jia
- Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fahad Munir
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kasfia Jahan Sathy
- Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Tamanna Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Ilma Monalisa
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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11
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Nishi M, Miyakawa K, Matsunaga S, Khatun H, Yamaoka Y, Watashi K, Sugiyama M, Kimura H, Wakita T, Ryo A. Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 Regulates the Stability of Hepatitis B Virus Core Protein. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:26. [PMID: 32083080 PMCID: PMC7005485 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interplay between virus and host proteins is critical for establishing efficient viral replication and virus-induced pathogenesis. Phosphorylation-dependent prolyl isomerization by Pin1 provides a unique mechanism of molecular switching to control both protein function and stability. We demonstrate here that Pin1 binds and stabilizes hepatitis B virus core protein (HBc) in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, and promotes the efficient viral propagation. Phos-tag gel electrophoresis with various site-directed mutants of HBc revealed that Thr160 and Ser162 residues within the C terminal arginine-rich domain are phosphorylated concomitantly. GST pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that Pin1 associated with phosphorylated HBc at the Thr160-Pro and Ser162-Pro motifs. Chemical or genetic inhibition of Pin1 significantly accelerated the rapid degradation of HBc via a lysosome-dependent pathway. Furthermore, we found that the pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 2 (PDP2) could dephosphorylate HBc at the Pin1-binding sites, thereby suppressing Pin1-mediated HBc stabilization. Our findings reveal an important regulatory mechanism of HBc stability catalyzed by Pin1 and may facilitate the development of new antiviral therapeutics targeting Pin1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hajera Khatun
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medical Technology, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Genome Medical Sciences Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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12
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Zheng B, Zhang J, Zheng T, Wang H, Li Z, Huan C, Ning S, Wang Y, Zhang W. ATP1B3 cooperates with BST-2 to promote hepatitis B virus restriction. J Med Virol 2019; 92:201-209. [PMID: 31556466 PMCID: PMC7159099 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates ATP1B3, one of the regulatory subunits of Na+ /K+ -ATPase, is involved in numerous viral propagations, such as HIV and EV71. However, the function and mechanism of ATP1B3 on hepatitis B virus (HBV) propagation is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that ATP1B3 overexpression reduced the quantity of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in supernatants of HBV expression plasmids cotransfected HepG2 cells. Correspondingly, small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA mediated ATP1B3 silencing promoted HBsAg and HBeAg expression in the supernatants of HBV expression plasmids transfected HepG2 cells. Mechanically, we reported that ATP1B3 expression could activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway by inducing the expression, phosphorylation, and nuclear import of P65 for the first time. And NF-κB inhibitor (Bay11) impaired the restraint of ATP1B3 on HBV replication. This counteraction effect of Bay11 proved that ATP1B3-induced NF-κB activation was crucial for HBV restriction. Accordingly, we observed that anti-HBV factors interferon-α (IFN-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production were increased in HepG2 cells after the NF-κB activation. It suggested that ATP1B3 suppressed HBsAg and HBeAg by NF-κB/IFN-α and NF-κB/IL-6 axis. Further experiments proved that ATP1B3 overexpression induced anti-HBV factor BST-2 expression by NF-κB/IFN-α axis in HepG2 cells but not HEK293T cells, and ATP1B3 silencing downregulated BST-2 messenger RNA level in HepG2 cells. As an HBV restriction factor, BST-2 cooperated with ATP1B3 to antagonize HBsAg but not HBeAg in HepG2 cells. Our work identified ATP1B3 as a novel candidate of HBV restrictor with unrevealed mechanism and we highlighted it might serve as a potential therapeutic molecule for HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisong Zheng
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Tianhang Zheng
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Huan
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shanshan Ning
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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13
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Miyakawa K, Matsunaga S, Yokoyama M, Nomaguchi M, Kimura Y, Nishi M, Kimura H, Sato H, Hirano H, Tamura T, Akari H, Miura T, Adachi A, Sawasaki T, Yamamoto N, Ryo A. PIM kinases facilitate lentiviral evasion from SAMHD1 restriction via Vpx phosphorylation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1844. [PMID: 31015445 PMCID: PMC6479052 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09867-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviruses have evolved to acquire an auxiliary protein Vpx to counteract the intrinsic host restriction factor SAMHD1. Although Vpx is phosphorylated, it remains unclear whether such phosphorylation indeed regulates its activity toward SAMHD1. Here we identify the PIM family of serine/threonine protein kinases as the factors responsible for the phosphorylation of Vpx and the promotion of Vpx-mediated SAMHD1 counteraction. Integrated proteomics and subsequent functional analysis reveal that PIM family kinases, PIM1 and PIM3, phosphorylate HIV-2 Vpx at Ser13 and stabilize the interaction of Vpx with SAMHD1 thereby promoting ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of SAMHD1. Inhibition of the PIM kinases promotes the antiviral activity of SAMHD1, ultimately reducing viral replication. Our results highlight a new mode of virus–host cell interaction in which host PIM kinases facilitate promotion of viral infectivity by counteracting the host antiviral system, and suggest a novel therapeutic strategy involving restoration of SAMHD1-mediated antiviral response. The accessory lentiviral protein X (Vpx) of the SIVsmm/mac and HIV-2 lineage targets the host-restriction factor SAMHD1 for proteasomal degradation. Here, the authors show that host PIM kinase-mediated phosphorylation of Vpx stabilizes its interaction with SAMHD1, suggesting PIM as potential antiviral targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaru Yokoyama
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Masako Nomaguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Gunma, 370-0006, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Pathogen Genomics Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi Murayama, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan
| | - Hisashi Hirano
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Model, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miura
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Akio Adachi
- Department of Microbiology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Yamamoto
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.,Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8519, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
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14
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Guo H, Xie M, Zhou C, Zheng M. The relevance of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Life Sci 2019; 223:69-73. [PMID: 30831126 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a novel programmed cell death form which is distinct from other types of cell death. As an inherently inflammatory process, it plays a vital role in cellular lysis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines when hosts defend against infections. Recent studies have reported that pyroptosis was involved in liver diseases and had important functions in the progress and development of liver diseases. Here, we addressed the potential role of pyroptosis in liver diseases on the basis of brief introduction of the morphological characteristics, molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Guo
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou, 310000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Mingjie Xie
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou, 310000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou, 310000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University. Hangzhou, 310000, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou 310000, China.
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15
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Sharma A, Lal SK. Is tetherin a true antiviral: The influenza a virus controversy. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2036. [DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Sharma
- School of ScienceMonash University, Sunway Campus Bandar Sunway Malaysia
| | - Sunil K. Lal
- School of ScienceMonash University, Sunway Campus Bandar Sunway Malaysia
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16
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Nie YZ, Zheng YW, Miyakawa K, Murata S, Zhang RR, Sekine K, Ueno Y, Takebe T, Wakita T, Ryo A, Taniguchi H. Recapitulation of hepatitis B virus-host interactions in liver organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. EBioMedicine 2018; 35:114-123. [PMID: 30120080 PMCID: PMC6156717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapies against hepatitis B virus (HBV) have improved in recent decades; however, the development of individualized treatments has been limited by the lack of individualized infection models. In this study, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) to generate a functional liver organoid (LO) that inherited the genetic background of the donor, and evaluated its application in modeling HBV infection and exploring virus–host interactions. To establish a functional hiPSC-LO, we cultured hiPSC-derived endodermal, mesenchymal, and endothelial cells with a chemically defined medium in a three-dimensional microwell culture system. Based on cell-cell interactions, these cells could organize themselves and gradually differentiate into a functional organoid, which exhibited stronger hepatic functions than hiPSC derived hepatic like cell (HLC). Moreover, the functional LO demonstrated more susceptibility to HBV infection than hiPSC-HLC, and could maintain HBV propagation and produce infectious virus for a prolonged duration. Furthermore, we found that virus infection could cause hepatic dysfunction of hiPSC-LOs, with down-regulation of hepatic gene expression, induced release of early acute liver failure markers, and altered hepatic ultrastructure. Therefore, our study demonstrated that HBV infection in hiPSC-LOs could recapitulate virus life cycle and virus induced hepatic dysfunction, suggesting that hiPSC-LOs may provide a promising individualized infection model for the development of individualized treatment for hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhong Nie
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Advanced Gastroenterological Surgical Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Research Center of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China,.
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Soichiro Murata
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ran-Ran Zhang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sekine
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ueno
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, 162-8640 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
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17
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Miyakawa K, Matsunaga S, Yamaoka Y, Dairaku M, Fukano K, Kimura H, Chimuro T, Nishitsuji H, Watashi K, Shimotohno K, Wakita T, Ryo A. Development of a cell-based assay to identify hepatitis B virus entry inhibitors targeting the sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23681-23694. [PMID: 29805766 PMCID: PMC5955094 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a major entry receptor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and one of the most attractive targets for anti-HBV drugs. We developed a cell-mediated drug screening method to monitor NTCP expression on the cell surface by generating a HepG2 cell line with tetracycline-inducible expression of NTCP and a monoclonal antibody that specifically detects cell-surface NTCP. Using this system, we screened a small molecule library for compounds that protected against HBV infection by targeting NTCP. We found that glabridin, a licorice-derived isoflavane, could suppress viral infection by inducing caveolar endocytosis of cell-surface NTCP with an IC50 of ~40 μM. We also found that glabridin could attenuate the inhibitory effect of taurocholate on type I interferon signaling by depleting the level of cell-surface NTCP. These results demonstrate that our screening system could be a powerful tool for discovering drugs targeting HBV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.,Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Mina Dairaku
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kento Fukano
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Chimuro
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Hironori Nishitsuji
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kunitada Shimotohno
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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18
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Chen S, Yu X, Guo D. CRISPR-Cas Targeting of Host Genes as an Antiviral Strategy. Viruses 2018; 10:E40. [PMID: 29337866 PMCID: PMC5795453 DOI: 10.3390/v10010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, a new gene editing tool-the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) associated (Cas) system-is becoming a promising approach for genetic manipulation at the genomic level. This simple method, originating from the adaptive immune defense system in prokaryotes, has been developed and applied to antiviral research in humans. Based on the characteristics of virus-host interactions and the basic rules of nucleic acid cleavage or gene activation of the CRISPR-Cas system, it can be used to target both the virus genome and host factors to clear viral reservoirs and prohibit virus infection or replication. Here, we summarize recent progress of the CRISPR-Cas technology in editing host genes as an antiviral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuliang Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Xiao Yu
- Institute of Health Inspection and Testing, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Deyin Guo
- School of Medicine (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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19
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Chen Y, Hu J, Cai X, Huang Y, Zhou X, Tu Z, Hu J, Tavis JE, Tang N, Huang A, Hu Y. APOBEC3B edits HBV DNA and inhibits HBV replication during reverse transcription. Antiviral Res 2017; 149:16-25. [PMID: 29129707 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus is a partially double-stranded DNA virus that replicates by reverse transcription, which occurs within viral core particles in the cytoplasm. The cytidine deaminase APOBEC3B is a cellular restriction factor for HBV. Recently, it was reported that APOBEC3B can edit HBV cccDNA in the nucleus, causing its degradation. However, whether and how it can edit HBV core-associated DNAs during reverse transcription is unclear. Our studies to address this question revealed the following: First, silencing endogenous APOBEC3B in an HBV infection system lead to upregulation of HBV replication. Second, APOBEC3B can inhibit replication of HBV isolates from genotypes (gt) A, B, C, and D as determined by employing transfection of plasmids expressing isolates from four different HBV genotypes. For HBV inhibition, APOBEC3B-mediated inhibition of replication primarily depends on the C-terminal active site of APOBEC3B. In addition, employing the HBV RNaseH-deficient D702A mutant and a polymerase-deficient YMHA mutant, we demonstrated that APOBEC3B can edit both the HBV minus- and plus-strand DNAs, but not the pregenomic RNA in core particles. Furthermore, we found by co-immunoprecipitation assays that APOBEC3B can interact with HBV core protein in an RNA-dependent manner. Our results provide evidence that APOBEC3B can interact with HBV core protein and edit HBV DNAs during reverse transcription. These data suggest that APOBEC3B exerts multifaceted antiviral effects against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieli Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University Liver Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd., Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology on Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Ortega-Prieto AM, Dorner M. Immune Evasion Strategies during Chronic Hepatitis B and C Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:E24. [PMID: 28862649 PMCID: PMC5620555 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Both hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are a major global healthcare problem with more than 240 million and 70 million infected, respectively. Both viruses persist within the liver and result in progressive liver disease, resulting in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Strikingly, this pathogenesis is largely driven by immune responses, unable to clear an established infection, rather than by the viral pathogens themselves. Even though disease progression is very similar in both infections, HBV and HCV have evolved distinct mechanisms, by which they ensure persistence within the host. Whereas HCV utilizes a cloak-and-dagger approach, disguising itself as a lipid-like particle and immediately crippling essential pattern-recognition pathways, HBV has long been considered a "stealth" virus, due to the complete absence of innate immune responses during infection. Recent developments and access to improved model systems, however, revealed that even though it is among the smallest human-tropic viruses, HBV may, in addition to evading host responses, employ subtle immune evasion mechanisms directed at ensuring viral persistence in the absence of host responses. In this review, we compare the different strategies of both viruses to ensure viral persistence by actively interfering with viral recognition and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcus Dorner
- Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
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21
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Ko C, Michler T, Protzer U. Novel viral and host targets to cure hepatitis B. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 24:38-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Haga Y, Kanda T, Nakamoto S, Nakamura M, Sasaki R, Wu S, Yokosuka O. Interferon induces interleukin 8 and bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 expression, inhibiting the production of hepatitis B virus surface antigen from human hepatocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:858-863. [PMID: 28363866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) loss is one of the treatment goals of chronic HBV infection. Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) is one of the interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) and inhibits the release of various enveloped viruses. Here we examined the effects of antiviral treatment on HBsAg levels and its intracellular mechanism in HBsAg-producing hepatocytes. In PLC/PRF/5 and Huh1, IFNα-2a treatment decreased HBsAg levels in their conditioned media. Upregulation of interleukin 8 (IL8), toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP10) mRNAs was associated with the reduction of HBsAg in both PLC/PRF/5 and Huh1. The HBsAg level was upregulated by knockdown of IL8, TLR2 or IP10. Exogenous addition of IL8 enhanced BST2 promoter activity and BST2 mRNA expression. Additionally, knockdown of IL8 could lead to the downregulation of BST2 mRNA. Transfection of poly(I-C) enhanced IL8 and BST2 mRNA expression and inhibited HBsAg secretion from PLC/PRF/5 cells. In conclusion, IL8 might play an important role in the enhancement of BST2 and be involved in HBsAg eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Haga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan; Department of Molecular Virology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Reina Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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23
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The tumour suppressor APC promotes HIV-1 assembly via interaction with Gag precursor protein. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14259. [PMID: 28134256 PMCID: PMC5290283 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse cellular proteins and RNAs are tightly regulated in their subcellular localization to exert their local function. Here we report that the tumour suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC) directs the localization and assembly of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Gag polyprotein at distinct membrane components to enable the efficient production and spread of infectious viral particles. A proteomic analysis and subsequent biomolecular interaction assay reveals that the carboxyl terminus of APC interacts with the matrix region of Gag. Ectopic expression of APC, but not its familial adenomatous polyposis-related truncation mutant, prominently enhances HIV-1 production. Conversely, the depletion of APC leads to a significant decrease in membrane targeting of viral components, resulting in the severe loss of production of infectious virions. Furthermore, APC promotes the directional assembly of viral components at virological synapses, thereby facilitating cell-to-cell viral transmission. These findings reveal an unexpected role of APC in the directional spread of HIV-1. The tumour suppressor APC is a multifunctional protein implicated in intracellular localization of mRNAs and WNT signalling. Here, Miyakawa et al. show that, via interaction with the HIV Gag precursor protein, APC promotes membrane targeting of viral components and cell-to-cell spread of HIV.
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Shih C, Chou SF, Yang CC, Huang JY, Choijilsuren G, Jhou RS. Control and Eradication Strategies of Hepatitis B Virus. Trends Microbiol 2016; 24:739-749. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Sommer AFR, Rivière L, Qu B, Schott K, Riess M, Ni Y, Shepard C, Schnellbächer E, Finkernagel M, Himmelsbach K, Welzel K, Kettern N, Donnerhak C, Münk C, Flory E, Liese J, Kim B, Urban S, König R. Restrictive influence of SAMHD1 on Hepatitis B Virus life cycle. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26616. [PMID: 27229711 PMCID: PMC4882586 DOI: 10.1038/srep26616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) are essential for efficient hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Here, we investigated the influence of the restriction factor SAMHD1, a dNTP hydrolase (dNTPase) and RNase, on HBV replication. We demonstrated that silencing of SAMHD1 in hepatic cells increased HBV replication, while overexpression had the opposite effect. SAMHD1 significantly affected the levels of extracellular viral DNA as well as intracellular reverse transcription products, without affecting HBV RNAs or cccDNA. SAMHD1 mutations that interfere with the dNTPase activity (D137N) or in the catalytic center of the histidine-aspartate (HD) domain (D311A), and a phospho-mimetic mutation (T592E), abrogated the inhibitory activity. In contrast, a mutation diminishing the potential RNase but not dNTPase activity (Q548A) and a mutation disabling phosphorylation (T592A) did not affect antiviral activity. Moreover, HBV restriction by SAMHD1 was rescued by addition of deoxynucleosides. Although HBV infection did not directly affect protein level or phosphorylation of SAMHD1, the virus upregulated intracellular dATPs. Interestingly, SAMHD1 was dephosphorylated, thus in a potentially antiviral-active state, in primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, SAMHD1 was upregulated by type I and II interferons in hepatic cells. These results suggest that SAMHD1 is a relevant restriction factor for HBV and restricts reverse transcription through its dNTPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lise Rivière
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Bingqian Qu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schott
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Riess
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Yi Ni
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caitlin Shepard
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Center for AIDS Research, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karin Welzel
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Nadja Kettern
- Division of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Münk
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Egbert Flory
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Juliane Liese
- General and Visceral Surgery, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Baek Kim
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pediatrics, Emory Center for AIDS Research, Emory University, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA
| | - Stephan Urban
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany.,Immunity and Pathogenesis Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Langen, Germany
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26
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Yamaoka Y, Matsuyama S, Fukushi S, Matsunaga S, Matsushima Y, Kuroyama H, Kimura H, Takeda M, Chimuro T, Ryo A. Development of Monoclonal Antibody and Diagnostic Test for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Using Cell-Free Synthesized Nucleocapsid Antigen. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:509. [PMID: 27148198 PMCID: PMC4837155 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein nativity is one of the most critical factors for the quality of antigens used as immunogens and the reactivities of the resultant antibodies. The preparation and purification of native viral antigens in conventional cell-based protein expression systems are often accompanied by technical hardships. These challenges are attributable mainly to protein aggregation and insolubility during expression and purification, as well as to very low expression levels associated with the toxicity of some viral proteins. Here, we describe a novel approach for the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against nucleocapsid protein (NP) of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Using a wheat germ cell-free protein synthesis system, we successfully prepared large amounts of MERS-CoV NP antigen in a state that was highly soluble and intact for immunization. Following mouse immunization and hybridoma generation, we selected seven hybridoma clones that produced mAbs with exclusive reactivity against MERS-CoV NP. Epitope mapping and subsequent bioinformatic analysis revealed that these mAbs recognized epitopes located within relatively highly conserved regions of the MERS-CoV amino-acid sequence. Consistently, the mAbs exhibited no obvious cross-reactivity with NPs derived from other related viruses, including SARS coronavirus. After determining the optimal combinations of these mAbs, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a rapid immunochromatographic antigen detection test that can be reliably used for laboratory diagnosis of MERS-CoV. Thus, this study provides strong evidence that the wheat germ cell-free system is useful for the production of diagnostic mAbs against emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama, Japan; Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.Isehara, Japan
| | - Shutoku Matsuyama
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsushima
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City UniversityYokohama, Japan; Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public HealthKawasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuroyama
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. Isehara, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases Musashimurayama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Chimuro
- Isehara Research Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. Isehara, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University Yokohama, Japan
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27
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Mahauad-Fernandez WD, Okeoma CM. BST-2: at the crossroads of viral pathogenesis and oncogenesis. Future Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl.15.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BST-2 is a moonlight protein with several protective and deleterious functions. Regulation of virus restriction and tumor aggressiveness are the most studied aspects of BST-2 function and thus, the main focus of this perspective. Virus inhibition roles of BST-2 have therapeutic potential that, if properly harnessed, could result in near broad spectrum antiviral. However, the involvement of BST-2 in cancer calls for additional studies on BST-2 biology and re-evaluation of the overall role of BST-2 in host protection, as it appears that BST-2 has pleiotropic effects in the host. Here, we analyze the antiviral and protumor roles of BST-2. We also discuss potential therapeutic options for BST-2 against viral infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadie D Mahauad-Fernandez
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chioma M Okeoma
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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28
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Mahauad-Fernandez WD, Okeoma CM. The role of BST-2/Tetherin in host protection and disease manifestation. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2015; 4:4-23. [PMID: 27042298 PMCID: PMC4768070 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Host cells respond to viral infections by activating immune response genes that are not only involved in inflammation, but may also predispose cells to cancerous transformation. One such gene is BST‐2, a type II transmembrane protein with a unique topology that endows it tethering and signaling potential. Through this ability to tether and signal, BST‐2 regulates host response to viral infection either by inhibiting release of nascent viral particles or in some models inhibiting viral dissemination. However, despite its antiviral functions, BST‐2 is involved in disease manifestation, a function linked to the ability of BST‐2 to promote cell‐to‐cell interaction. Therefore, modulating BST‐2 expression and/or activity has the potential to influence course of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadie D Mahauad-Fernandez
- Department of MicrobiologyCarver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
| | - Chioma M Okeoma
- Department of MicrobiologyCarver College of MedicineUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA; Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular BiologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
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