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Ghobakhloo S, Khoshhali M, Vatandoost N, Jafarpour S, Niazmand A, Nedaeinia R, Salehi R. Clinical Implications and Prognostic Value of Leucine-Rich G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5 Expression as A Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Malignancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. CELL JOURNAL 2024; 26:1-12. [PMID: 38351725 PMCID: PMC10864775 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2023.2010157.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Leucine-rich G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) is a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in various cancers. Based on different studies, conflicting reports exist on correlation between LGR5 expression and poor prognosis/ clinicopathological parameters in cancer patients. Therefore, our purpose in conducting this study was to investigate correlation between LGR5 expression and outcomes of cancer patients under study through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Relevant articles were searched and collected using EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases until December 21, 2022. This study was conducted to examine correlation between LGR5 expression and different clinical outcomes, such as recurrence-free survival (RFS), disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and clinicopathological characteristics of the included cancer patients. To achieve this, hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were used as statistical measures. A meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 12.0 software. Finally, 53 studies including 9523 patients met the inclusion criteria. Significantly, high-level expression of LGR5 was related to poor prognosis in terms of OS, higher tumor stage, presence of distant metastasis, and presence of lymph node metastasis. It was discovered through subgroup analysis that several factors, including the study area, evaluation method, and type of cancer, can influence the correlation between LGR5 expression and negative prognosis in cancer patients. According to the results of our study, LGR5 overexpression was related to poor OS in cancer patients. In addition, clinicopathological data indicated an unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients with high LGR5 expression. In conclusion, LGR5 may serve as a potential prognostic marker for predicting survival in certain cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Ghobakhloo
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehri Khoshhali
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasimeh Vatandoost
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sima Jafarpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Anoosha Niazmand
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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2
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Clark-Corrigall J, Myssina S, Michaelis M, Cinatl J, Ahmed S, Carr-Wilkinson J, Carr-Wilkinson J. Elevated Expression of LGR5 and WNT Signaling Factors in Neuroblastoma Cells With Acquired Drug Resistance. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:173-182. [PMID: 36318235 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2136682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric solid cancer with high fatality, relapses, and acquired resistance to chemotherapy, that requires new therapeutic approaches to improve survival. LGR5 is a receptor that potentiates WNT/signaling pathway and has been reported to promote development and survival in several adult cancers. In this study we investigated LGR5 expression in a panel of NB cell lines with acquired resistance to vincristine or doxorubicin. We show LGR5-LRP6 cooperation with enhanced expression in drug resistant NB cell lines compared to parental cells, suggesting a role for LGR5 in the emergence of drug resistance, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Clark-Corrigall
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Svetlana Myssina
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Martin Michaelis
- School of Biosciences and Industrial Biotechnology Centre, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institut für Medizinische Virologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Shafiq Ahmed
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Jane Carr-Wilkinson
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
| | - Jane Carr-Wilkinson
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom
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van Tienderen GS, van Beek MEA, Schurink IJ, Rosmark O, Roest HP, Tieleman J, Demmers J, Muntz I, Conboy J, Westergren-Thorsson G, Koenderink G, van der Laan LJW, Verstegen MMA. Modelling metastatic colonization of cholangiocarcinoma organoids in decellularized lung and lymph nodes. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1101901. [PMID: 36741736 PMCID: PMC9890173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of liver cancer with an aggressive phenotype and dismal outcome in patients. The metastasis of CCA cancer cells to distant organs, commonly lung and lymph nodes, drastically reduces overall survival. However, mechanistic insight how CCA invades these metastatic sites is still lacking. This is partly because currently available models fail to mimic the complexity of tissue-specific environments for metastatic CCA. To create an in vitro model in which interactions between epithelial tumor cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) can be studied in a metastatic setting, we combined patient-derived CCA organoids (CCAOs) (n=3) with decellularized human lung (n=3) and decellularized human lymph node (n=13). Decellularization resulted in removal of cells while preserving ECM structure and retaining important characteristics of the tissue origin. Proteomic analyses showed a tissue-specific ECM protein signature reflecting tissue functioning aspects. The macro and micro-scale mechanical properties, as determined by rheology and micro-indentation, revealed the local heterogeneity of the ECM. When growing CCAOs in decellularized lung and lymph nodes genes related to metastatic processes, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell plasticity, were significantly influenced by the ECM in an organ-specific manner. Furthermore, CCAOs exhibit significant differences in migration and proliferation dynamics dependent on the original patient tumor and donor of the target organ. In conclusion, CCA metastatic outgrowth is dictated both by the tumor itself as well as by the ECM of the target organ. Convergence of CCAOs with the ECM of its metastatic organs provide a new platform for mechanistic study of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles S. van Tienderen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marije E. A. van Beek
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ivo J. Schurink
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oskar Rosmark
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henk P. Roest
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jantine Tieleman
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iain Muntz
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - James Conboy
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Gijsje Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Luc JW van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique M. A. Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Monique M. A. Verstegen,
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Li F, Song X, Li X, Zhang X, Feng X, Wang L, Xu L, Luo J, Zhu B, Ren W, Yu H, Yu Y. Lgr5 maintains stemness and regulates cell property in nasopharyngeal carcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res 2020; 47:101916. [PMID: 32721896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor in Southern China and Southeast Asia. In this study, we found that Leucine rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) was highly expressed in NPC tissues and marked NPC stem cells. Lgr5high tumors showed differential transcriptional landscape compared to Lgr5not high tumors. Lgr5 expression was associated with the clinicopathologic features in NPC and was able to regulate the stemness and viability of NPC cell line CNE1 and HNE1. Meanwhile, the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was modulated by Lgr5 via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, Lgr5 could regulate the sensitivity of NPC cells to chemotherapy drugs. Xenografted tumors from Lgr5-overexpressed CNE1 cells showed stronger tumor forming capacity and higher expression level of stem cell markers. Thus, we characterized previously unidentified role of Lgr5 in NPC cells, potential serving as a NPC stem cell biomarker and a therapeutic target against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiaole Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Xuewen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Lun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Jiqin Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Bijun Zhu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Wenwen Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China.
| | - Hongmeng Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China.
| | - Yiqun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444 China; Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai Key Clinical, Disciplines of Otorhinolaryngology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031 China.
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Jank BJ, Kadletz L, Dunkler D, Haas M, Schnoell J, Kenner L, Heiduschka G. Epithelial stem cell marker LGR6 expression identifies a low-risk subgroup in human papillomavirus positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2020; 105:104657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Chen H, Wang X, Chen Y, Han J, Kong D, Zhu M, Fu X, Wu Y. Pten loss in Lgr5 + hair follicle stem cells promotes SCC development. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:8321-8331. [PMID: 31754399 PMCID: PMC6857063 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating data support that tissue stem cells give rise to cancer cells. Hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) undergo cyclic quiescence and activation and may sever as the origin of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Pten is a tumor suppressor gene that is frequently mutated in hereditary cancer syndromes such as Cowden disease, which is featured with papillomatosis in cutaneous tissues and hyperkeratosis in the acral region of the skin. Additionally, mice with keratinocyte-specific Pten deficiency (k5-Pten-/- mice) show epidermal hyperplasia and spontaneous tumor formation. However, the impact of Pten mutation in HFSCs, such as in Lgr5+ HFSCs, on SCC formation is unclear. Methods: We established experiments with wildtype and Lgr5-CreER; Ptenflox/flox mice, and used DMBA/TPA two-stage skin carcinogenesis model to explore the effect of Pten loss in Lgr5+ HFSCs of 3 weeks old mice in skin carcinogenesis. In vitro experiments (cell culture and protein expression analysis) are employed to investigate molecular mechanisms involved. Results: Pten loss in Lgr5+ HFSCs promoted SCC formation, which was attenuated in TNF-/- mice. Notably, β-catenin loss in Lgr5+ HFSCs decreased the formation of SCC. In addition, Pten loss in cultured epidermal stem cells upregulated the levels of both phospho-Akt and β-catenin. Conclusion: Pten loss in Lgr5+ cells induced Akt/β-catenin signaling, and SCCs can subsequently be raised as progeny from these primed Lgr5+ stem cells.
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7
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Saleeb RM, Farag M, Ding Q, Downes M, Bjarnason G, Brimo F, Plant P, Rotondo F, Lichner Z, Finelli A, Yousef GM. Integrated Molecular Analysis of Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma and Precursor Lesions Unfolds Evolutionary Process from Kidney Progenitor-Like Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2046-2060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Xu L, Lin W, Wen L, Li G. Lgr5 in cancer biology: functional identification of Lgr5 in cancer progression and potential opportunities for novel therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:219. [PMID: 31358061 PMCID: PMC6664754 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the leading lethal diseases worldwide. Identifying biomarkers of cancers might provide insights into the strategies for the development of novel targeted anti-cancer therapies. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) has been recently discovered as a candidate marker of cancer stem cell populations. Aberrant increased expression of Lgr5 may represent one of the most common molecular alterations in some human cancers, leading to long-term potentiation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. On the other hand, however, Lgr5-mediated suppression in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling has also been reported in certain cancers, such as B cell malignancies. Until now, therapeutic approaches targeting Lgr5-associated signaling axis are not yet clinically available. Increasing evidence have indicated that endogenous Lgr5+ cell population is implicated in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This review is to summarize our current knowledge about the importance of Lgr5 in cancer biology and the underlying molecular mechanisms of Lgr5-mediated tumor-promoting/suppressive activities, as well as potentially useful preventive strategies in treating tumor. Therefore, targeted therapeutic modulation of Lgr5+ cancer cell population by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling through targeted drug delivery system or targeted genome editing might be promising for potential novel anti-cancer treatments. Simultaneously, combination of therapeutics targeting both Lgr5+ and Lgr5- cancer cells may deserve further consideration considering the plasticity of cancer cells. Also, a more specific targeting of cancer cells using double biomarkers may be much safer and more effective for anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Lingnan Medical Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR PRC
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR PRC
| | - Longping Wen
- Nanobio Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR PRC
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR PRC
- The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
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Xie Y, Sundström A, Maturi NP, Tan EJ, Marinescu VD, Jarvius M, Tirfing M, Jin C, Chen L, Essand M, Swartling FJ, Nelander S, Jiang Y, Uhrbom L. LGR5 promotes tumorigenicity and invasion of glioblastoma stem-like cells and is a potential therapeutic target for a subset of glioblastoma patients. J Pathol 2019; 247:228-240. [PMID: 30357839 DOI: 10.1002/path.5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor which lacks efficient treatment and predictive biomarkers. Expression of the epithelial stem cell marker Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has been described in GBM, but its functional role has not been conclusively elucidated. Here, we have investigated the role of LGR5 in a large repository of patient-derived GBM stem cell (GSC) cultures. The consequences of LGR5 overexpression or depletion have been analyzed using in vitro and in vivo methods, which showed that, among those with highest LGR5 expression (LGR5high ), there were two phenotypically distinct groups: one that was dependent on LGR5 for its malignant properties and another that was unaffected by changes in LGR5 expression. The LGR5-responding cultures could be identified by their significantly higher self-renewal capacity as measured by extreme limiting dilution assay (ELDA), and these LGR5high -ELDAhigh cultures were also significantly more malignant and invasive compared to the LGR5high -ELDAlow cultures. This showed that LGR5 expression alone would not be a strict marker of LGR5 responsiveness. In a search for additional biomarkers, we identified LPAR4, CCND2, and OLIG2 that were significantly upregulated in LGR5-responsive GSC cultures, and we found that OLIG2 together with LGR5 were predictive of GSC radiation and drug response. Overall, we show that LGR5 regulates the malignant phenotype in a subset of patient-derived GSC cultures, which supports its potential as a predictive GBM biomarker. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xie
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Sundström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Naga P Maturi
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E-Jean Tan
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Voichita D Marinescu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Jarvius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cancer Pharmacology and Computational Medicine, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Tirfing
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuan Jin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Essand
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sven Nelander
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yiwen Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lene Uhrbom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Lgr5 Does Not Vary Throughout the Menstrual Cycle in Endometriotic Human Eutopic Endometrium. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010022. [PMID: 30577586 PMCID: PMC6337520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is characterized by the abnormal presence of endometrium outside of the uterus, resulting in pelvic pain and infertility. The leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) has been postulated to be a marker of stem cells in the endometrium. However, LGR5+ cells have a macrophage-like phenotype in this tissue, so it is unclear what role LGR5+ cells actually play in the endometrium. Macrophages serve an important function in the endometrium to maintain fertility, while LGR5+ cells generally have a role in tumor progression and are involved in invasion in some cancers. We sought to determine whether LGR5+ cells vary across the menstrual cycle in women with endometriosis and whether there are implications for LGR5 in the aggressiveness of endometriosis and reproductive outcomes. We performed immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and primary culture in vitro experiments on eutopic and ectopic endometrium from healthy and endometriosis patients and observed that neither LGR5+ cells nor LGR5 expression varied throughout the cycle. Interestingly, we observed that LGR5+ cell percentage overexpressing CD163 (anti-inflammatory marker) was higher in healthy endometrium, suggesting that in endometriosis, endometrium presents a more pro-inflammatory phenotype that likely leads to poor obstetric outcomes. We also observed higher levels of LGR5+ cells in ectopic lesions compared to eutopic endometrium and specifically in deep infiltrating endometriosis, indicating that LGR5 could be involved in progression and aggressiveness of the disease.
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11
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Chen F, Feng Z, Zhu J, Liu P, Yang C, Huang R, Deng Z. Emerging roles of circRNA_NEK6 targeting miR-370-3p in the proliferation and invasion of thyroid cancer via Wnt signaling pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2018; 19:1139-1152. [PMID: 30207869 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2018.1480888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the significantly altered circRNAs and mRNAs in thyroid cancer, investigate their target miRNAs and determine their biological functions. METHODS The differentially expressed circRNAs, mRNAs and pathways in thyroid cancer were identified by microarray analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). The correlative circRNAs and mRNAs were found out through Pearson correlative analysis. The common target miRNAs of circNEK6 and FZD8 related to thyroid cancer was screened out through Targetscan, miRanda and HMDD analysis. The mRNA and protein expressions in thyroid cancer tissues and cells were detected by qRT-PCR and western blot. CircRNA was confirmed by the RNase R digestion and nucleic acid electrophoresis. The target relationships were verified by the dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell viability, invasion and apoptosis were determined by MTT assay, Transwell assay and flow cytometry, respectively. RESULTS CircNEK6 and FZD8 were significantly up-regulated in thyroid cancer, with strong correlations. The Wnt signaling pathway was activated in thyroid cancer. MiR-370-3p was the common target miRNA of circNEK6 and FZD8, and it was down-regulated in thyroid cancer. Overexpression of circNEK6 and FZD8 could promote the growth and invasion of thyroid cancer cells, while up-regulation of miR-370-3p could suppress thyroid cancer progression and inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway. MiR-370-3p's effect on thyroid cancer cells could be rescued by circNEK6 or FZD8. CONCLUSION CircNEK6 promoted the progression of thyroid cancer through up-regulating FZD8 and activating Wnt signaling pathway by targeting miR-370-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukun Chen
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , Yunnan Tumor Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming Yunnan , China
| | - Zhiping Feng
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , Yunnan Tumor Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming Yunnan , China
| | - Jialun Zhu
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , Yunnan Tumor Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming Yunnan , China
| | - Pengjie Liu
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , Yunnan Tumor Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming Yunnan , China
| | - Chuanzhou Yang
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , Yunnan Tumor Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming Yunnan , China
| | - Rongkai Huang
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , Yunnan Tumor Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming Yunnan , China
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- a Department of Nuclear Medicine , Yunnan Tumor Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming Yunnan , China
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12
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Wang X, Wang X, Liu Y, Dong Y, Wang Y, Kassab MA, Fan W, Yu X, Wu C. LGR5 regulates gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion via activating Wnt signaling pathway. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:57. [PMID: 30089773 PMCID: PMC6082861 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LGR5 plays a critical role in tissue development and the maintenance of adult stem cells in gastrointestinal tract. However, the oncogenic role of LGR5 in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma remains elusive. Here, we show that LGR5 promotes gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and metastasis. We find that knock down of LGR5 or suppression of Wnt signaling pathway by inhibitor C59 arrests gastric adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, treatment of Wnt3a, the activator of Wnt signaling pathway, partially recovers the proliferation defect observed in LGR5 knockdown gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Moreover, LGR5 facilitates β-catenin nuclear accumulation, a surrogate marker of the activation of Wnt signaling pathway. In addition, C59 treatment suppresses transcription of Axin2 and TCF1, both of which are the target genes of β-catenin in gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Gastric adenocarcinoma cells with overexpressed LGR5 form a large quantity of visible actin filaments and pseudopods, suggesting that LGR5 significantly enhances the ability of cell movement, which might capacitate gastric adenocarcinoma cells with enhanced LGR5 expression to gain invasive and migratory properties. Taken together, our results show that LGR5 contributes to cell proliferation and invasion through the activation of Wnt/β-catenin-signaling pathway in gastric adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Yating Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Affiliated hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Muzaffer Ahmad Kassab
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Wufang Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Rd, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
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13
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Leung C, Tan SH, Barker N. Recent Advances in Lgr5 + Stem Cell Research. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:380-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Chen H, Luo D, Zhang L, Lin X, Luo Q, Yi H, Wang J, Yan X, Li B, Chen Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Liu S, Qiu M, Yang D, Jiang N. Restoration of p53 using the novel MDM2-p53 antagonist APG115 suppresses dedifferentiated papillary thyroid cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:43008-43022. [PMID: 28498808 PMCID: PMC5522123 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated papillary thyroid cancer (DePTC) is characterized by aggressive growth, recurrence, distant metastasis, and resistance to radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. DePTC is also accompanied by poor prognosis and high early-mortality. Nevertheless, most DePTC cells show intact p53 downstream functionality. In cells with wild-type p53, the murine double minute2 (MDM2) protein interacts with p53 and abrogates its activity. Inhibition of the MDM2-p53 interaction restores p53 activity and leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Restoring p53 function by inhibiting its interaction with p53 suppressors such as MDM2 is thus a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DePTC. The novel MDM2-p53 interaction antagonist APG115 is an analogue of SAR405838, and is being tested in a phase I clinical trial. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of APG115 as a single-agent to treat DePTC. APG115 diminished the viability of p53 wild-type DePTC cells and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In a human xenograft mouse model, APG115 elicited robust tumor regression and cell apoptosis. These data demonstrate that further research is warranted to determine whether APG115 can be used to effectively treat DePTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Dingyuan Luo
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qiuyun Luo
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Hanjie Yi
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xianglei Yan
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Baoxia Li
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yuelei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xingguang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Miaozhen Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Dajun Yang
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Suzhou Ascentage Pharma Inc., Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Ningyi Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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15
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Lv Z, Yu JJ, Zhang WJ, Xiong L, Wang F, Li LF, Zhou XL, Gao XY, Ding XF, Han L, Cai YF, Ma W, Wang LX. Expression and functional regulation of stemness gene Lgr5 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26492-26504. [PMID: 28404917 PMCID: PMC5432274 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are defined as a rare subpopulation of undifferentiated cells with biological characteristics that include the capacity for self-renewal, differentiation into various lineages, and tumor initiation. To explore the mechanism of CSCs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), we focused on Leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5), a target gene of the Wnt signaling pathway, which has been identified as a marker of intestinal stem cells and shown to be overexpressed in several human malignancies. Lgr5 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, increased depth of invasion, increased tumor size, advanced differentiation, higher AJCC stage and poorer survival. Silencing of Lgr5 expression in the ESCC cell line KYSE450 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) strongly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability, the expression of CSCs-related genes and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, Lgr5 was highly expressed in ESCC spheroid body cells, which were identified by high expression of CSCs-related genes, and high tumorigenicity in vivo. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Lgr5 activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a potential mechanism to promote the progression of ESCC and ESCC stem cell renewal, and Lgr5 may be used as a molecular target for the development of treatments for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Lv
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jane J Yu
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Wei-Jie Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiang Ya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Feng Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Liang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin-Ya Gao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xian-Fei Ding
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ya-Fei Cai
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wang Ma
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liu-Xing Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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16
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Harada Y, Kazama S, Morikawa T, Murono K, Yasuda K, Otani K, Nishikawa T, Tanaka T, Kiyomatsu T, Kawai K, Hata K, Nozawa H, Yamaguchi H, Ishihara S, Watanabe T. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 and CD133 expression is associated with tumor progression and resistance to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in low rectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7791-7798. [PMID: 29250176 PMCID: PMC5727605 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy has been performed as a standard therapy for advanced low rectal cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to contribute to resistance to treatment and patient prognosis. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) and cluster of differentiation (CD133) are putative markers for CSCs. However, their prognostic ability remains unknown, and evaluation of a single marker can be insufficient due to the heterogeneity of cancer. LGR5 and CD133 expression was immunohistochemically evaluated in surgical specimens of 56 patients who received curative resection following chemoradiotherapy for advanced low rectal cancer. In addition, the correlations between their expression levels, and clinicopathological features and patient prognosis were asessed. LGR5 expression was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion, lymph node metastasis, and tumor node metastasic (TNM) stage. CD133 expression was significantly correlated with vascular invasion and the tumor regression grade. Combined expression was significantly correlated with lymphatic invasion, tumor regression grade and TNM stage, but not with overall, and disease-free survival. LGR5 and CD133 expressions may represent useful markers associated with tumor progression and resistance to chemoradiotherapy in patients with low rectal cancer. Furthermore, combined expression of these markers may be a more useful marker compared with the expression of each single marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Harada
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kazama
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Teppei Morikawa
- Department of Pathology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Koji Murono
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Koji Yasuda
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kensuke Otani
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nishikawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tanaka
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Kiyomatsu
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazushige Kawai
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hata
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nozawa
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamaguchi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Watanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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17
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Knockdown of TRIM44 inhibits the proliferation and invasion in papillary thyroid cancer cells through suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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18
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Kang YE, Kim JM, Kim KS, Chang JY, Jung M, Lee J, Yi S, Kim HW, Kim JT, Lee K, Choi MJ, Kang SK, Lee SE, Yi HS, Koo BS, Shong M. Upregulation of RSPO2-GPR48/LGR4 signaling in papillary thyroid carcinoma contributes to tumor progression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:114980-114994. [PMID: 29383135 PMCID: PMC5777747 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathway involving the R-spondins and its cognate receptor, GPR48/LGR4, is crucial in development and carcinogenesis. However, the functional implications of the R-spondin-GPR48/LGR4 pathway in thyroid remain to be identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of R-spondin-GPR48/LGR4 signaling in papillary thyroid carcinomas. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 214 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and cervical lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma. The role of GPR48/LGR4 in proliferation and migration was examined in thyroid cancer cell lines. R-spondin 2, and GPR48/LGR4 were expressed at significantly higher levels in thyroid cancer than in normal controls. Elevated GPR48/LGR4 expression was significantly associated with tumor size (P=0.049), lymph node metastasis (P=0.004), recurrence (P=0.037), and the BRAFV600E mutation (P=0.003). Moreover, high GPR48/LGR4 expression was an independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis (P=0.027) and the BRAFV600E mutation (P=0.009). in vitro assays demonstrated that elevated expression of GPR48/LGR4 promoted proliferation and migration of thyroid cancer cells, whereas downregulation of GPR48/LGR4 decreased proliferation and migration by inhibition of the β-catenin pathway. Moreover, treatment of thyroid cancer cells with exogenous R-spondin 2 induced activation of the β-catenin pathway through GPR48/LGR4. The R-spondin 2-GPR48/LGR4 signaling axis also induced the phosphorylation of ERK, as well as phosphorylation of LRP6 and serine 9 of GSK3β. Our findings demonstrate that upregulation of the R-spondin 2-GPR48/LGR4 pathway contributes to tumor aggressiveness in papillary thyroid carcinoma by promoting ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that this pathway represents a novel therapeutic target for treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea Eun Kang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Koon Soon Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Chang
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Jung
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Junguee Lee
- Department of Pathology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon 34943, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Yi
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Woo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Kang
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Eun Lee
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Shong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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19
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Choi Y, Park J, Ko YS, Kim Y, Pyo JS, Jang BG, Kim MA, Lee JS, Chang MS, Lee BL. FOXO1 reduces tumorsphere formation capacity and has crosstalk with LGR5 signaling in gastric cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1349-1355. [PMID: 28970066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a major of cause of cancer-related death and is characterized by its heterogeneity and molecular complexity. FOXO1 is a transcription factor that plays a key role in GC growth and metastasis. However, the implication of FOXO1 in GC cell stemness has been elusive. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that FOXO1 regulates GC cell stemness in association with LGR5. FOXO1 expression was significantly lower in GC tumorsphere cells than in adherent GC cells. FOXO1 silencing and overexpression promoted and inhibited the tumorsphere formation capacity of GC cells, respectively. Additionally, there was an inverse correlation between FOXO1 and GC stem cell marker LGR5 in human GC specimens. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that negative crosstalk between these two molecules exists and that LGR5 silencing reversed the FOXO1 shRNA-induced tumorsphere formation even without FOXO1 restoration. Taken together, our results suggest that FOXO1 inhibits the self-renewal capacity of GC cells through interaction with LGR5. Thus, FOXO1/LGR5 signaling pathway may provide a novel targeted therapy for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Choi
- Department of Tumor Biology (Cancer Research Institute), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jinju Park
- Department of Tumor Biology (Cancer Research Institute), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Young San Ko
- Department of Forensic Medicine, National Forensic Service Busan Institute, Yangsan 50612, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, South Korea
| | - Bo Gun Jang
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju 63241, South Korea
| | - Min A Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Mee Soo Chang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Byung Lan Lee
- Department of Tumor Biology (Cancer Research Institute), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea; Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
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20
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Schindler AJ, Watanabe A, Howell SB. LGR5 and LGR6 in stem cell biology and ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1346-1355. [PMID: 29416699 PMCID: PMC5787443 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a fundamental role in patterning of the embryo and maintenance of stem cells in numerous epithelia. Epithelial stem cells are closeted in niches created by surrounding differentiated cells that express secreted Wnt and R-spondin proteins that influence proliferation rate and fate determination of stem cell daughters. R-spondins act through the LGR receptors to enhance Wnt signaling. This close association of stem cells with more differentiated regulatory cells expressing Wnt-pathway ligands is a feature replicated in all of the epithelial stem cell systems thus far examined. How the stem cell niche operates through these short-range interactions is best understood for the crypts of the gastrointestinal epithelium and skin. Less well understood are the stem cells that function in the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) and fallopian tube epithelium (FTE). While the cuboidal OSE appears to be made up of a single cell type, the cells of the FTE progress through a life cycle that involves differentiation into ciliated and secretory subtypes that are eventually shed into the lumen in a manner similar to the gastrointestinal epithelium. Available evidence suggests that high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) originates most often from stem cells in the FTE and that Wnt signaling augmented by LGR6 supports tumor development and progression. This review summarizes current information on LGR5 and LGR6 in the OSE and FTE and how their niches are organized relative to that of the gastrointestinal epithelium and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Schindler
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arisa Watanabe
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stephen B Howell
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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21
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Hua Y, Ma X, Liu X, Yuan X, Qin H, Zhang X. Abnormal expression of mRNA, microRNA alteration and aberrant DNA methylation patterns in rectal adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174461. [PMID: 28350845 PMCID: PMC5370119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Rectal adenocarcinoma (READ) is a malignancy cancer with the high morbidity and motility worldwide. Our study aimed to explore the potential pathogenesis of READ through integrated analysis of gene expression profiling and DNA methylation data. Methods The miRNA, mRNA expression profiling and corresponding DNA methylation data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed mRNAs/ miRNAs/methylated regions (DEmRNA/DEmiRNAs) were identified in READ. The negatively correlation of DEmiRNA-DEmRNAs and DNA methylation-DEmRNAs were obtained. DEmRNAs expression was validated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and microarray expression profiling analyses. Results 1192 dysregulated DEmRNAs, 27 dysregulated DEmiRNAs and 6403 aberrant methylation CpG sites were screened in READ compared to normal controls. 1987 negative interaction pairs among 27 DEmiRNAs and 668 DEmRNAs were predicted. 446 genes with aberrant methylation were annotated. Eventually, 50 DEmRNAs (39 down- and 11 up-regulated DEmRNAs) with hypermethylation, synchronously negatively targeted by DEmiRNAs, were identified through the correlation analysis among 446 genes with aberrant methylation and 668 DEmRNAs. 50 DEmRNAs were significantly enriched in cAMP signaling pathway, circadian entrainment and glutamatergic synapse. The validation results of expression levels of DEmRNAs through qRT-PCR and microarray analyses were compatible with our study. Conclusion 7 genes of SORCS1, PDZRN4, LONRF2, CNGA3, HAND2, RSPO2 and GNAO1 with hypermethylation and negatively regulation by DEmiRNAs might contribute to the tumorigenesis of READ. Our work might provide valuable foundation for the READ in mechanism elucidation, early diagnosis and therapeutic target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hua
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiukun Ma
- Department of Surgery, Sino-Singapore Eco-City Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianglong Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiangfei Yuan
- Tianjin Institute of Integrative Medicine for Acute Abdominal Diseases, Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai Qin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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Roos J, Grösch S, Werz O, Schröder P, Ziegler S, Fulda S, Paulus P, Urbschat A, Kühn B, Maucher I, Fettel J, Vorup-Jensen T, Piesche M, Matrone C, Steinhilber D, Parnham MJ, Maier TJ. Regulation of tumorigenic Wnt signaling by cyclooxygenase-2, 5-lipoxygenase and their pharmacological inhibitors: A basis for novel drugs targeting cancer cells? Pharmacol Ther 2016; 157:43-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Forgham H, Johnson D, Carter N, Veuger S, Carr-Wilkinson J. Stem Cell Markers in Neuroblastoma-An Emerging Role for LGR5. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:77. [PMID: 26697427 PMCID: PMC4667032 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of cancer stem cell markers in various cancer subtypes is a well documented research area. Our findings show that the stem cell marker Lgr5 is associated with an aggressive phenotype in neuroblastoma. Here, we discuss these findings within the context of recent studies in several cancers such as lung, colorectal and intestinal cancer, glioblastoma and ewing's sarcoma. Neuroblastoma continues to be an elusive disease, due to its heterogeneous presentation ranging from spontaneous regression to aggressive metastatic disease and intertwined genetic variability. Currently, the most significant prognostic marker of high risk disease and poor prognosis is amplification of the MYCN oncogene, which is found in approximately 25% of cases (Huang and Weiss, 2013). With this in mind, there is still much to learn about the driving mechanisms of this aggressive pediatric tumor. Neuroblastoma development is thought to be the result of aberrant differentiation of the cell of origin, embryonic neural crest cells which then migrate and invade during the developmental stage (Joshi et al., 2007). Aberrant cells are those which would, under normal conditions form the mature tissues of the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla. Tumors are known to develop indiscriminately along the radius of the sympathetic ganglia, although it is well established that the adrenal glands are fundamentally the most common primary site (Jessen and Mirsky, 2005).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Forgham
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland Sunderland, UK ; Children's Cancer Institute, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren Johnson
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland Sunderland, UK
| | - Noel Carter
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland Sunderland, UK
| | - Stephany Veuger
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland Sunderland, UK
| | - Jane Carr-Wilkinson
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Well Being, Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sunderland Sunderland, UK ; Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, Newcastle Cancer Centre at The Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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