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Huang D, Mela A, Bhanu NV, Garcia BA, Canoll P, Casaccia P. PDGF-BB overexpression in p53 null oligodendrocyte progenitors increases H3K27me3 and induces transcriptional changes which favor proliferation. Neoplasia 2024; 57:101042. [PMID: 39216363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Proneural gliomas are brain tumors characterized by enrichment of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) transcripts and genetic alterations. In this study we sought to identify transcriptional and epigenetic differences between OPCs with Trp53 deletion and PDGF-BB overexpression (BB-p53n) and those carrying only p53 deletion (p53n). In culture, the BB-p53n OPCs display growth characteristics more similar to glioma cells than p53n OPCs. When injected in mouse brains, BB-p53n OPC form tumors, while the p53n OPCs do not. Unbiased histone proteomics and transcriptomic analysis on these OPC populations identified higher levels of the histone H3K27me3 mark and lower levels of the histone H4K20me3. The transcriptome of the BB-p53n OPCs was characterized by higher levels of transcripts related to proliferation and cell adhesion compared to p53n OPCs. Pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme responsible for histone H3K27 trimethylation (EZH2i) in BB-p53n OPCs, reduced cell cycle transcripts and increased the expression of differentiation markers, but was not sufficient to restore their growth characteristics. This suggests that PDGF-BB overexpression in p53n OPCs favors the early stages of transformation, by promoting proliferation and halting differentiation in a H3K27me3-dependent pathway, and favoring growth characteristics in a H3K27me3 independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Huang
- Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology at The Graduate Center of The City University of New, York 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States; Belfer Research Institute, City University of New York & Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 E 69th St, New York, NY 10021, United States; Neuroscience Initiative, Advance Science Research Center, Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Angeliki Mela
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Natarajan V Bhanu
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Peter Canoll
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology at The Graduate Center of The City University of New, York 365 5th Ave, New York, NY 10016, United States; Neuroscience Initiative, Advance Science Research Center, Graduate Center of The City University of New York, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, United States.
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2
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Prasad SK, Singh VV, Acharjee A, Acharjee P. Elucidating hippocampal proteome dynamics in moderate hepatic encephalopathy rats: insights from high-resolution mass spectrometry. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1659-1679. [PMID: 38787444 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a debilitating neurological disorder associated with liver failure and characterized by impaired brain function. Decade-long studies have led to significant advances in our understanding of HE; however, effective therapeutic management of HE is lacking, and HE continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients, underscoring the need for continued research into its pathophysiology and treatment. Accordingly, the present study provides a comprehensive overview aimed at elucidating the molecular underpinnings of HE and identifying potential therapeutic targets. A moderate-grade HE model was induced in rats using thioacetamide, which simulates the liver damage observed in patients, and its impact on cognitive function, neuronal arborization, and cellular morphology was also evaluated. We employed label-free LC-MS/MS proteomics to quantitatively profile hippocampal proteins to explore the molecular mechanism of HE pathogenesis; 2175 proteins were identified, 47 of which exhibited significant alterations in moderate-grade HE. The expression of several significantly upregulated proteins, such as FAK1, CD9 and Tspan2, was further validated at the transcript and protein levels, confirming the mass spectrometry results. These proteins have not been previously reported in HE. Utilizing Metascape, a tool for gene annotation and analysis, we further studied the biological pathways integral to brain function, including gliogenesis, the role of erythrocytes in maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, the modulation of chemical synaptic transmission, astrocyte differentiation, the regulation of organ growth, the response to cAMP, myelination, and synaptic function, which were disrupted during HE. The STRING database further elucidated the protein‒protein interaction patterns among the differentially expressed proteins. This study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms driving HE and paves the way for identifying novel therapeutic targets for improved disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhu Kumar Prasad
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vishal Vikram Singh
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Arup Acharjee
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India.
| | - Papia Acharjee
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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3
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Reynolds DE, Sun Y, Wang X, Vallapureddy P, Lim J, Pan M, Fernandez Del Castillo A, Carlson JCT, Sellmyer MA, Nasrallah M, Binder Z, O'Rourke DM, Ming G, Song H, Ko J. Live Organoid Cyclic Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309289. [PMID: 38326078 PMCID: PMC11005682 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are becoming increasingly relevant in biology and medicine for their physiological complexity and accuracy in modeling human disease. To fully assess their biological profile while preserving their spatial information, spatiotemporal imaging tools are warranted. While previously developed imaging techniques, such as four-dimensional (4D) live imaging and light-sheet imaging have yielded important clinical insights, these technologies lack the combination of cyclic and multiplexed analysis. To address these challenges, bioorthogonal click chemistry is applied to display the first demonstration of multiplexed cyclic imaging of live and fixed patient-derived glioblastoma tumor organoids. This technology exploits bioorthogonal click chemistry to quench fluorescent signals from the surface and intracellular of labeled cells across multiple cycles, allowing for more accurate and efficient molecular profiling of their complex phenotypes. Herein, the versatility of this technology is demonstrated for the screening of glioblastoma markers in patient-derived human glioblastoma organoids while conserving their viability. It is anticipated that the findings and applications of this work can be broadly translated into investigating physiological developments in other organoid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Reynolds
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Yusha Sun
- Department of NeuroscienceMahoney Institute for NeurosciencesPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of NeuroscienceMahoney Institute for NeurosciencesPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Phoebe Vallapureddy
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Jianhua Lim
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Menghan Pan
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Andres Fernandez Del Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiophysicsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
- Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Mark A. Sellmyer
- Department of RadiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - MacLean Nasrallah
- GBM Translational Center of ExcellenceAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Zev Binder
- GBM Translational Center of ExcellenceAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Center for Cellular ImmunotherapiesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of NeurosurgeryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Donald M. O'Rourke
- GBM Translational Center of ExcellenceAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Center for Cellular ImmunotherapiesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of NeurosurgeryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Guo‐li Ming
- Department of NeuroscienceMahoney Institute for NeurosciencesPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of PsychiatryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of NeuroscienceMahoney Institute for NeurosciencesPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- GBM Translational Center of ExcellenceAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of PsychiatryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- The Epigenetics InstitutePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Jina Ko
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
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4
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Suhasini PC, Bhat V, Shetty SS, Shetty PK, Roopashree PG, Kumari NS. High expression of CD9 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor promotes the development of tongue cancer. Med Oncol 2024; 41:86. [PMID: 38472425 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Tongue cancer is distinguished by aggressive behavior, a high risk of recurrence, lymph, and distant metastases. Hypoxia-Induced Factor 1 α functions as a CD9 transcription factor. CD9 is a transmembrane protein that may be found on the cell membrane. It can modulate the expression of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathway. ELISA was used to measure serum CD9, p-EGFR, and p-Akt levels in 70 tongue cancer patients and 35 healthy controls. RT-PCR was used to analyze the gene expression of the related genes. The gene as well as protein expression of CD9, EGFR/p-EGFR, and Akt/p-Akt was significantly higher in case subjects when compared with the controls. The expression of CD9 was higher in case subjects who were smokers/alcoholics when to control subjects who were smokers/alcoholics. Overexpression of CD9 due to hypoxic conditions leads to the activation of EGFR-signaling pathway resulting in cancer progression, resistance to chemotherapy. Hence, CD9 could be a potential target to suppress cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Suhasini
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Vadisha Bhat
- Department of ENT, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Shilpa S Shetty
- Cellomics, Lipdomics and Molecular Genetics division, Central Research Laboratory, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - P G Roopashree
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - N Suchetha Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, KS Hegde Medical Academy, NITTE (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India.
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5
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Haydo A, Wehle A, Herold-Mende C, Kögel D, Pampaloni F, Linder B. Combining organotypic tissue culture with light-sheet microscopy (OTCxLSFM) to study glioma invasion. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56964. [PMID: 37938214 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a very aggressive tumor and represents the most common primary brain malignancy. Key characteristics include its high resistance against conventional treatments, such as radio- and chemotherapy and its diffuse tissue infiltration, preventing complete surgical resection. The analysis of migration and invasion processes in a physiological microenvironment allows for enhanced understanding of these phenomena and can lead to improved therapeutic approaches. Here, we combine two state-of-the-art techniques, adult organotypic brain tissue slice culture (OTC) and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) of cleared tissues in a combined method termed OTCxLSFM. Using this methodology, we can show that glioblastoma tissue infiltration can be effectively blocked through treatment with arsenic trioxide or WP1066, as well as genetic depletion of the tetraspanin, transmembrane receptor CD9, or signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). With our analysis pipeline, we gain single-cell level, three-dimensional information, as well as insights into the morphological appearance of the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Haydo
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andrej Wehle
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Frankfurt/Main, a partnership between DKFZ and Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Francesco Pampaloni
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benedikt Linder
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Morabito S, Reese F, Rahimzadeh N, Miyoshi E, Swarup V. hdWGCNA identifies co-expression networks in high-dimensional transcriptomics data. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100498. [PMID: 37426759 PMCID: PMC10326379 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems are immensely complex, organized into a multi-scale hierarchy of functional units based on tightly regulated interactions between distinct molecules, cells, organs, and organisms. While experimental methods enable transcriptome-wide measurements across millions of cells, popular bioinformatic tools do not support systems-level analysis. Here we present hdWGCNA, a comprehensive framework for analyzing co-expression networks in high-dimensional transcriptomics data such as single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). hdWGCNA provides functions for network inference, gene module identification, gene enrichment analysis, statistical tests, and data visualization. Beyond conventional single-cell RNA-seq, hdWGCNA is capable of performing isoform-level network analysis using long-read single-cell data. We showcase hdWGCNA using data from autism spectrum disorder and Alzheimer's disease brain samples, identifying disease-relevant co-expression network modules. hdWGCNA is directly compatible with Seurat, a widely used R package for single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analysis, and we demonstrate the scalability of hdWGCNA by analyzing a dataset containing nearly 1 million cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Morabito
- Mathematical, Computational, and Systems Biology (MCSB) Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems (CCBS), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Fairlie Reese
- Center for Complex Biological Systems (CCBS), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Negin Rahimzadeh
- Mathematical, Computational, and Systems Biology (MCSB) Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for Complex Biological Systems (CCBS), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Emily Miyoshi
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Swarup
- Center for Complex Biological Systems (CCBS), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (MIND), University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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7
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Ondruššek R, Kvokačková B, Kryštofová K, Brychtová S, Souček K, Bouchal J. Prognostic value and multifaceted roles of tetraspanin CD9 in cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1140738. [PMID: 37007105 PMCID: PMC10063841 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1140738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD9 is a crucial regulator of cell adhesion in the immune system and plays important physiological roles in hematopoiesis, blood coagulation or viral and bacterial infections. It is involved in the transendothelial migration of leukocytes which might also be hijacked by cancer cells during their invasion and metastasis. CD9 is found at the cell surface and the membrane of exosomes affecting cancer progression and therapy resistance. High expression of CD9 is mostly associated with good patients outcome, with a few exceptions. Discordant findings have been reported for breast, ovarian, melanoma, pancreatic and esophageal cancer, which might be related to using different antibodies or inherent cancer heterogeneity. According to in vitro and in vivo studies, tetraspanin CD9 is not clearly associated with either tumor suppression or promotion. Further mechanistic experiments will elucidate the role of CD9 in particular cancer types and specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Ondruššek
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Pathology, EUC Laboratore CGB a.s., Ostrava, Czechia
| | - Barbora Kvokačková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Karolína Kryštofová
- Proteomics Core Facility Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Světlana Brychtová
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Bouchal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jan Bouchal,
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Yeni Y, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Genc S, Hacimuftuoglu A, Yildirim S, Bolat I. Glioblastoma cell-derived exosomes induce cell death and oxidative stress in primary cultures of olfactory neurons. Role of redox stress. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3999-4009. [PMID: 36849859 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme, described as glioblastoma, is a malignancy originating from glial progenitors in the central nervous system and is the most malignant subtype of brain tumors which attracted researcher's attention due to their high recurrence and mortality despite optimal treatments. In the study, we aimed to research whether glioblastoma-originated exosomes play a role in olfactory nerve cell toxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS For this aim, exosomes obtained from U373 and T98G cells were applied to olfactory nerve cell culture at distinct doses. Then, glutathione (GSH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), total oxidant status (TOS) and Immunofluorescence analyzes were performed. We found that both glioblastoma-derived exosomes decreased cell viability in olfactory neurons with increasing doses. According to the obtained data, the olfactory neuron vitality rate was 71% in T98G-exosome, but the decrease in U373-exosome was more obvious (48%). In particular, the 100 µg/ml dose exacerbated oxidative stress by increasing TOS. It also increased cellular apoptosis compared to the control group due to LDH leakage. However, the results of GSH and TAS showed that antioxidant levels were significantly reduced. CONCLUSION In the microenvironment of olfactory neurons, GBM-derived exosomes increased oxidative stress-induced toxicity by reducing TAC and GSH levels. Therefore, glioblastoma cells by induction of exosome-based stress support malignant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesim Yeni
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Malatya Turgut Ozal University, 44210, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Ali Taghizadehghalehjoughi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey.
| | - Sidika Genc
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, 11230, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ismail Bolat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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9
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Hong X, Zhang J, Zou J, Ouyang J, Xiao B, Wang P, Peng X. Role of COL6A2 in malignant progression and temozolomide resistance of glioma. Cell Signal 2023; 102:110560. [PMID: 36521657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are one of the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system, and have an unfavorable prognosis. Even combining precise surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the survival rate is still unsatisfactory. Chemotherapy resistance is one of main reasons for its adverse prognosis. As shown by several studies, glioma stem cells (GSCs) were correlated with radiotherapy/chemotherapy resistance and high relapse rate. This study aimed to find a new biomarker related to GSCs and chemotherapy resistance. METHODS TCGA, CGGA, GSE16011, GSE23806 and GDSC datasets were used to screen the genes related to GSCs, Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance, and survival. In the TCGA, GTEx, GSE16011 and CGGA datasets, mRNA level, prognostic value, and correlation with immune infiltration in the selected genes were analyzed through methods including Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox analysis, the ESTIMATE algorithm, and the CIBERSORT algorithm. The expression of COL6A2 mRNA and protein in different groups was detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. A MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to measure the effect of COL6A2 on proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells. RESULTS COL6A2 was positively correlated with glioma stemness and TMZ resistance. Its expression was up-regulated in GBM, and high expression was correlated with adverse prognosis. As shown by Cox analysis, COL6A2 was an independent prognostic factor for glioma. COL6A2 mRNA was increased with the glioma grade. It was over-expressed in MGMT non-methylation and IDH wild-type specimens. The results of in vitro experiments showed that COL6A2 promots proliferation of glioma cells and inhibits their apoptosis. Meanwhile, the expression of COL6A2 in TMZ-resistant glioma cells was significantly higher than that in ordinary glioma cells. As shown by GO and KEGG pathway analysis, COL6A2 was correlated with glioma proliferation, migration, invasion, and immunity. In particular, it was significantly positively correlated with PD-1, PD-L2, PD-L1, B7-H3, CTLA-4, IDO1 and TIM-3 expression, further verifying that it may play an important role in immune response. In addition, COL6A2 might influence immune cell infiltration in the glioma microenvironment. CONCLUSION COL6A2 high-expression is an indicator for adverse glioma prognosis, and is correlated with TMZ-resistant and immune response. Meanwhile, it may be a prospective biomarker for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hong
- Medical School of Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Jianmin Zou
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan 528244, China
| | - Jiecai Ouyang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Boan Xiao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China.
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China.
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10
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Kaur K, Jewett A. Supercharged NK Cell-Based Immuotherapy in Humanized Bone Marrow Liver and Thymus (Hu-BLT) Mice Model of Oral, Pancreatic, Glioblastoma, Hepatic, Melanoma and Ovarian Cancers. Crit Rev Immunol 2023; 43:13-25. [PMID: 37938193 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we review a number of in vitro and in vivo studies regarding the efficacy of supercharged NK (sNK) cell therapy in elimination or treatment of cancer. We have performed studies using six different types of cancer models of oral, pancreatic, glioblastoma, melanoma, hepatic and ovarian cancers using hu-BLT mice. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that primary NK cells preferentially target cancer stem-like cells (CSCs)/poorly differentiated tumors whereas sNK cells target both CSCs/poorly-differentiated and well-differentiated tumors significantly higher than primary activated NK cells. Our in vivo studies in humanized-BLT mice showed that sNK cells alone or in combination with other cancer therapeutics prevented tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, sNK cells were able to increase IFN-γ secretion and cytotoxic function by the immune cells in bone marrow, spleen, gingiva, pancreas and peripheral blood. Furthermore, sNK cells were able to increase the expansion and function of CD8+ T cells both in in vitro and in vivo studies. Overall, our studies demonstrated that sNK cells alone or in combination with other cancer therapeutics were not only effective against eliminating aggressive cancers, but were also able to increase the expansion and function of CD8+ T cells to further target cancer cells, providing a successful approach to eradicate and cure cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawaljit Kaur
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, 90095 Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anahid Jewett
- Division of Oral Biology and Medicine, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, University of California School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Ave, 90095 Los Angeles, CA, USA; The Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Dentistry and Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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11
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CHRDL1 Regulates Stemness in Glioma Stem-like Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233917. [PMID: 36497175 PMCID: PMC9741078 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) still presents as one of the most aggressive tumours in the brain, which despite enormous research efforts, remains incurable today. As many theories evolve around the persistent recurrence of this malignancy, the assumption of a small population of cells with a stem-like phenotype remains a key driver of its infiltrative nature. In this article, we research Chordin-like 1 (CHRDL1), a secreted protein, as a potential key regulator of the glioma stem-like cell (GSC) phenotype. It has been shown that CHRDL1 antagonizes the function of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4), which induces GSC differentiation and, hence, reduces tumorigenicity. We, therefore, employed two previously described GSCs spheroid cultures and depleted them of CHRDL1 using the stable transduction of a CHRDL1-targeting shRNA. We show with in vitro cell-based assays (MTT, limiting dilution, and sphere formation assays), Western blots, irradiation procedures, and quantitative real-time PCR that the depletion of the secreted BMP4 antagonist CHRDL1 prominently decreases functional and molecular stemness traits resulting in enhanced radiation sensitivity. As a result, we postulate CHRDL1 as an enforcer of stemness in GSCs and find additional evidence that high CHRDL1 expression might also serve as a marker protein to determine BMP4 susceptibility.
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12
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The Cytotoxic Effects of Cannabidiol and Cannabigerol on Glioblastoma Stem Cells May Mostly Involve GPR55 and TRPV1 Signalling. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235918. [PMID: 36497400 PMCID: PMC9738061 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive cancers, comprising 60-70% of all gliomas. The large G-protein-coupled receptor family includes cannabinoid receptors CB1, CB2, GPR55, and non-specific ion receptor protein transporters TRPs. First, we found up-regulated CNR1, GPR55, and TRPV1 expression in glioma patient-derived tissue samples and cell lines compared with non-malignant brain samples. CNR1 and GPR55 did not correlate with glioma grade, whereas TRPV1 negatively correlated with grade and positively correlated with longer overall survival. This suggests a tumour-suppressor role of TRPV1. With respect to markers of GBM stem cells, preferred targets of therapy, TRPV1 and GPR55, but not CNR1, strongly correlated with different sets of stemness gene markers: NOTCH, OLIG2, CD9, TRIM28, and TUFM and CD15, SOX2, OCT4, and ID1, respectively. This is in line with the higher expression of TRPV1 and GPR55 genes in GSCs compared with differentiated GBM cells. Second, in a panel of patient-derived GSCs, we found that CBG and CBD exhibited the highest cytotoxicity at a molar ratio of 3:1. We suggest that this mixture should be tested in experimental animals and clinical studies, in which currently used Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is replaced with efficient and non-psychoactive CBG in adjuvant standard-of-care therapy.
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13
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Microglial Extracellular Vesicles as Modulators of Brain Microenvironment in Glioma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113165. [PMID: 36361947 PMCID: PMC9656645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells represent the resident immune elements of the central nervous system, where they exert constant monitoring and contribute to preserving neuronal activity and function. In the context of glioblastoma (GBM), a common type of tumor originating in the brain, microglial cells deeply modify their phenotype, lose their homeostatic functions, invade the tumoral mass and support the growth and further invasion of the tumoral cells into the surrounding brain parenchyma. These modifications are, at least in part, induced by bidirectional communication among microglial and tumoral cells through the release of soluble molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs produced by GBM and microglial cells transfer different kinds of biological information to receiving cells, deeply modifying their phenotype and activity and could represent important diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Recent evidence demonstrates that in GBM, microglial-derived EVs contribute to the immune suppression of the tumor microenvironment (TME), thus favoring GBM immune escape. In this review, we report the current knowledge on EV formation, biogenesis, cargo and functions, with a focus on the effects of microglia-derived EVs in GBM. What clearly emerges from this analysis is that we are at the beginning of a full understanding of the complete picture of the biological effects of microglial-derived EVs and that further investigations using multidisciplinary approaches are necessary to validate their use in GBM diagnosis and therapy.
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14
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Ramos EK, Tsai CF, Jia Y, Cao Y, Manu M, Taftaf R, Hoffmann AD, El-Shennawy L, Gritsenko MA, Adorno-Cruz V, Schuster EJ, Scholten D, Patel D, Liu X, Patel P, Wray B, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Moore RJ, Mathews JV, Schipma MJ, Liu T, Tokars VL, Cristofanilli M, Shi T, Shen Y, Dashzeveg NK, Liu H. Machine learning-assisted elucidation of CD81-CD44 interactions in promoting cancer stemness and extracellular vesicle integrity. eLife 2022; 11:e82669. [PMID: 36193887 PMCID: PMC9581534 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-initiating cells with reprogramming plasticity or stem-progenitor cell properties (stemness) are thought to be essential for cancer development and metastatic regeneration in many cancers; however, elucidation of the underlying molecular network and pathways remains demanding. Combining machine learning and experimental investigation, here we report CD81, a tetraspanin transmembrane protein known to be enriched in extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a newly identified driver of breast cancer stemness and metastasis. Using protein structure modeling and interface prediction-guided mutagenesis, we demonstrate that membrane CD81 interacts with CD44 through their extracellular regions in promoting tumor cell cluster formation and lung metastasis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in human and mouse models. In-depth global and phosphoproteomic analyses of tumor cells deficient with CD81 or CD44 unveils endocytosis-related pathway alterations, leading to further identification of a quality-keeping role of CD44 and CD81 in EV secretion as well as in EV-associated stemness-promoting function. CD81 is coexpressed along with CD44 in human circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and enriched in clustered CTCs that promote cancer stemness and metastasis, supporting the clinical significance of CD81 in association with patient outcomes. Our study highlights machine learning as a powerful tool in facilitating the molecular understanding of new molecular targets in regulating stemness and metastasis of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika K Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Chia-Feng Tsai
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryWashingtonUnited States
| | - Yuzhi Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | - Megan Manu
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Rokana Taftaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Andrew D Hoffmann
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | | | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryWashingtonUnited States
| | | | - Emma J Schuster
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - David Scholten
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Driskill Graduate Program in Life Science, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Dhwani Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
| | - Priyam Patel
- Quantitative Data Science Core, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Brian Wray
- Quantitative Data Science Core, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Youbin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Pathology Core Facility, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Ronald J Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryWashingtonUnited States
| | - Jeremy V Mathews
- Pathology Core Facility, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Matthew J Schipma
- Quantitative Data Science Core, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Tao Liu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryWashingtonUnited States
| | - Valerie L Tokars
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
| | - Tujin Shi
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryWashingtonUnited States
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, TEES-AgriLife Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationUnited States
| | | | - Huiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology Division, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicagoUnited States
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15
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Jennrich S, Pelzer M, Tertel T, Koska B, Vüllings M, Thakur BK, Jendrossek V, Timmermann B, Giebel B, Rudner J. CD9- and CD81-positive extracellular vesicles provide a marker to monitor glioblastoma cell response to photon-based and proton-based radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947439. [PMID: 36203458 PMCID: PMC9530604 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive tumor of the central nervous system with a poor prognosis. In the treatment of GBM tumors, radiotherapy plays a major role. Typically, GBM tumors cannot be cured by irradiation because of intrinsic resistance machanisms. An escalation of the irradiation dose in the GBM tumor is difficult due to the high risk of severe side effects in the brain. In the last decade, the development of new irradiation techniques, including proton-based irradiation, promised new chances in the treatment of brain tumors. In contrast to conventional radiotherapy, irradiation with protons allows a dosimetrically more confined dose deposition in the tumor while better sparing the normal tissue surrounding the tumor. A systematic comparison of both irradiation techniques on glioblastoma cells has not been performed so far. Despite the improvements in radiotherapy, it remains challenging to predict the therapeutical response of GBM tumors. Recent publications suggest extracellular vesicles (EVs) as promising markers predicting tumor response. Being part of an ancient intercellular communication system, virtually all cells release specifically composed EVs. The assembly of EVs varies between cell types and depends on environmental parameters. Here, we compared the impact of photon-based with proton-based radiotherapy on cell viability and phenotype of four different glioblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, we characterized EVs released by different glioblastoma cells and correlated released EVs with the cellular response to radiotherapy. Our results demonstrated that glioblastoma cells reacted more sensitive to irradiation with protons than photons, while radiation-induced cell death 72 h after single dose irradiation was independent of the irradiation modality. Moreover, we detected CD9 and CD81-positive EVs in the supernatant of all glioblastoma cells, although at different concentrations. The amount of released CD9 and CD81-positive EVs increased after irradiation when cells became apoptotic. Although secreted EVs of non-irradiated cells were not predictive for radiosensitivity, their increased EV release after irradiation correlated with the cytotoxic response to radiotherapy 72 h after irradiation. Thus, our data suggest a novel application of EVs in the surveillance of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jennrich
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Pelzer
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Tertel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Koska
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Melanie Vüllings
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Basant Kumar Thakur
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Beate Timmermann
- West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), West German Cancer Center (WTZ), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Giebel
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Justine Rudner
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Justine Rudner,
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16
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Han X, Zhang W, Gao H, Li T, Xu H, Li H, Li P, Wang X, Yu X, Wang W, Liu L. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy endows CD9 with prognostic value that differs between tumor and stromal areas in patients with pancreatic cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24517. [PMID: 35622458 PMCID: PMC9279986 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The selective pressure imposed by chemotherapy creates a barrier to tumor eradication and an opportunity for metastasis and recurrence. As a newly discovered stemness marker of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the impact of CD9 on tumor progression and patient's prognosis remain controversial. METHODS A total of 179 and 211 PDAC patients who underwent surgical resection with or without neoadjuvant chemotherapy, respectively, were recruited for immunohistochemical analyses of CD9 expression in both tumor and stromal areas prior to statistical analyses to determine the prognostic impact and predictive accuracy of CD9. RESULTS The relationship between CD9 and prognostic indicators was not significant in the non-neoadjuvant group. Nevertheless, CD9 expression in both tumor (T-CD9) and stromal areas (S-CD9) was significantly correlated with the clinicopathological features in the neoadjuvant group. High levels of T-CD9 were significantly associated with worse OS (p = 0.005) and RFS (p = 0.007), while positive S-CD9 showed the opposite results (OS: p = 0.024; RFS: p = 0.008). Cox regression analyses identified CD9 in both areas as an independent prognostic factor. The T&S-CD9 risk-level system was used to stratify patients with different survival levels. The combination of T&S-CD9 risk level and TNM stage were accurate predictors of OS (C-index: 0.676; AIC: 512.51) and RFS (C-index: 0.680; AIC: 519.53). The calibration curve of the nomogram composed of the combined parameters showed excellent predictive consistency for 1-year RFS. These results were verified using a validation cohort. CONCLUSION Neoadjuvant chemotherapy endows CD9 with a significant prognostic value that differs between tumor and stromal areas in patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Han
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wu‐Hu Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - He‐Li Gao
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tian‐Jiao Li
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hua‐Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng‐Cheng Li
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xian‐Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wen‐Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic SurgeryFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterShanghaiChina
- Department of OncologyShanghai Medical College, Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer InstituteShanghaiChina
- Pancreatic Cancer InstituteFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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17
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Infiltrating natural killer cells bind, lyse and increase chemotherapy efficacy in glioblastoma stem-like tumorospheres. Commun Biol 2022; 5:436. [PMID: 35538218 PMCID: PMC9090761 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas remain the most lethal primary brain tumors. Natural killer (NK) cell-based therapy is a promising immunotherapeutic strategy in the treatment of glioblastomas, since these cells can select and lyse therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs). Immunotherapy with super-charged NK cells has a potential as antitumor approach since we found their efficiency to kill patient-derived GSLCs in 2D and 3D models, potentially reversing the immunosuppression also seen in the patients. In addition to their potent cytotoxicity, NK cells secrete IFN-γ, upregulate GSLC surface expression of CD54 and MHC class I and increase sensitivity of GSLCs to chemotherapeutic drugs. Moreover, NK cell localization in peri-vascular regions in glioblastoma tissues and their close contact with GSLCs in tumorospheres suggests their ability to infiltrate glioblastoma tumors and target GSLCs. Due to GSLC heterogeneity and plasticity in regards to their stage of differentiation personalized immunotherapeutic strategies should be designed to effectively target glioblastomas. “Super-charged” NK cells kill patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) in 2D and 3D tumor models, secrete IFN-γ and upregulate the surface expression of CD54 and MHC class I in GSLCs.
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18
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P C S, Shetty SS, Nalilu SK, Shetty PK, Patil P. Tetraspanin CD9: A friend or foe of head and neck cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2022; 47:88. [PMID: 35266009 PMCID: PMC8931833 DOI: 10.3892/or.2022.8299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancers are diverse and complex diseases characterised by unregulated growth of tumour cells in various parts of the head and neck region, such as in the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, tongue, oropharynx, hypopharynx, oesophagus, nasopharynx and salivary glands. Partial or total glossectomy, radiation or chemotherapy greatly affect patient quality of life. However, even following treatment, patients may relapse. Nicotine-derived nitrosamines and alcohol are the major etiological factors underlying this deadly disease. These compounds induce DNA damage that may lead to mutation in crucial genes, such as p53 and p21, which are important to regulate cell proliferation, thus leading to cancer. CD9 is a tetraspanin, which are a group of transmembrane proteins that have a role in cell motility and adhesion. The present review aimed to explore the role of CD9 in head and neck cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor activity and cell proliferation are regulated by the CD9-integrin/CD9-transforming growth factor interaction. Hence, CD9 can play a dual role in various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhasini P C
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Shilpa S Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Suchetha Kumari Nalilu
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
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19
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Oncogenic tetraspanins: Implications for metastasis, drug resistance, cancer stem cell maintenance and diagnosis of leading cancers in females. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Zahra MH, Nawara HM, Hassan G, Afify SM, Seno A, Seno M. Cancer Stem Cells Contribute to Drug Resistance in Multiple Different Ways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1393:125-139. [PMID: 36587305 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12974-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many tumors are resistant to conventional cancer therapies because a tumor is composed of heterogeneous cell population. Especially, subpopulation of cancer stem cells, which have self-renewal and differentiation properties and responsible for the tumor initiation, is generally considered resistant to chemo-, radio-, and immune therapy. Understanding the mechanism of drug resistance in cancer stem cells should lead to establish more effective therapeutic strategies. Actually, different molecular mechanisms are conceivable for cancer stem cells acquiring drug resistance. These mechanisms include not only cytoplasmic signaling pathways but also the intercellular communications in the tumor microenvironment. Recently, a great deal of successful reports challenged to elucidate the mechanisms of drug resistance and to develop novel treatments targeting cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram H Zahra
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Hend M Nawara
- Laboratory of Nano-Biotechnology, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Ghmkin Hassan
- Department of Genomic Oncology and Oral Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Said M Afify
- Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koum-Menoufia, Shebeen El-Kom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Laboratory of Natural Food & Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Masaharu Seno
- Laboratory of Natural Food & Medicine, Co., Ltd, Okayama University Incubator, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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21
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van Noorden CJ, Breznik B, Novak M, van Dijck AJ, Tanan S, Vittori M, Bogataj U, Bakker N, Khoury JD, Molenaar RJ, Hira VV. Cell Biology Meets Cell Metabolism: Energy Production Is Similar in Stem Cells and in Cancer Stem Cells in Brain and Bone Marrow. J Histochem Cytochem 2022; 70:29-51. [PMID: 34714696 PMCID: PMC8721571 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211054585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy production by means of ATP synthesis in cancer cells has been investigated frequently as a potential therapeutic target in this century. Both (an)aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) have been studied. Here, we review recent literature on energy production in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and leukemic stem cells (LSCs) versus their normal counterparts, neural stem cells (NSCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), respectively. These two cancer stem cell types were compared because their niches in glioblastoma tumors and in bone marrow are similar. In this study, it became apparent that (1) ATP is produced in NSCs and HSCs by anaerobic glycolysis, whereas fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is essential for their stem cell fate and (2) ATP is produced in GSCs and LSCs by OXPHOS despite the hypoxic conditions in their niches with FAO and amino acids providing its substrate. These metabolic processes appeared to be under tight control of cellular regulation mechanisms which are discussed in depth. However, our conclusion is that systemic therapeutic targeting of ATP production via glycolysis or OXPHOS is not an attractive option because of its unwanted side effects in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Miloš Vittori
- Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bogataj
- Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Joseph D. Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Remco J. Molenaar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Department of Medical Oncology
| | - Vashendriya V.V. Hira
- Vashendriya V.V. Hira, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. E-mail:
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Varricchio A, Ramesh SA, Yool AJ. Novel Ion Channel Targets and Drug Delivery Tools for Controlling Glioblastoma Cell Invasiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111909. [PMID: 34769339 PMCID: PMC8584308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprising more than half of all brain tumors, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a leading cause of brain cancer-related deaths worldwide. A major clinical challenge is presented by the capacity of glioma cells to rapidly infiltrate healthy brain parenchyma, allowing the cancer to escape control by localized surgical resections and radiotherapies, and promoting recurrence in other brain regions. We propose that therapies which target cellular motility pathways could be used to slow tumor dispersal, providing a longer time window for administration of frontline treatments needed to directly eradicate the primary tumors. An array of signal transduction pathways are known to be involved in controlling cellular motility. Aquaporins (AQPs) and voltage-gated ion channels are prime candidates as pharmacological targets to restrain cell migration in glioblastoma. Published work has demonstrated AQPs 1, 4 and 9, as well as voltage-gated potassium, sodium and calcium channels, chloride channels, and acid-sensing ion channels are expressed in GBM and can influence processes of cell volume change, extracellular matrix degradation, cytoskeletal reorganization, lamellipodial and filopodial extension, and turnover of cell-cell adhesions and focal assembly sites. The current gap in knowledge is the identification of optimal combinations of targets, inhibitory agents, and drug delivery systems that will allow effective intervention with minimal side effects in the complex environment of the brain, without disrupting finely tuned activities of neuro-glial networks. Based on published literature, we propose that co-treatments using AQP inhibitors in addition to other therapies could increase effectiveness, overcoming some limitations inherent in current strategies that are focused on single mechanisms. An emerging interest in nanobodies as drug delivery systems could be instrumental for achieving the selective delivery of combinations of agents aimed at multiple key targets, which could enhance success in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanah Varricchio
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Sunita A. Ramesh
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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Roy PK, Rajesh Y, Mandal M. Therapeutic targeting of membrane-associated proteins in central nervous system tumors. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112760. [PMID: 34339674 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The activity of the most complex system, the central nervous system (CNS) is profoundly regulated by a huge number of membrane-associated proteins (MAP). A minor change stimulates immense chemical changes and the elicited response is organized by MAP, which acts as a receptor of that chemical or channel enabling the flow of ions. Slight changes in the activity or expression of these MAPs lead to severe consequences such as cognitive disorders, memory loss, or cancer. CNS tumors are heterogeneous in nature and hard-to-treat due to random mutations in MAPs; like as overexpression of EGFRvIII/TGFβR/VEGFR, change in adhesion molecules α5β3 integrin/SEMA3A, imbalance in ion channel proteins, etc. Extensive research is under process for developing new therapeutic approaches using these proteins such as targeted cytotoxic radiotherapy, drug-delivery, and prodrug activation, blocking of receptors like GluA1, developing viral vector against cell surface receptor. The combinatorial approach of these strategies along with the conventional one might be more potential. Henceforth, our review focuses on in-depth analysis regarding MAPs aiming for a better understanding for developing an efficient therapeutic approach for targeting CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Kumar Roy
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India
| | - Yetirajam Rajesh
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India.
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Hira VV, Molenaar RJ, Breznik B, Lah T, Aronica E, Van Noorden CJ. Immunohistochemical Detection of Neural Stem Cells and Glioblastoma Stem Cells in the Subventricular Zone of Glioblastoma Patients. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:349-364. [PMID: 33596115 PMCID: PMC8091546 DOI: 10.1369/0022155421994679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma usually recurs after therapy consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recurrence is at least partly caused by glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that are maintained in intratumoral hypoxic peri-arteriolar microenvironments, or niches, in a slowly dividing state that renders GSCs resistant to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Because the subventricular zone (SVZ) is a major niche for neural stem cells (NSCs) in the brain, we investigated whether GSCs are present in the SVZ at distance from the glioblastoma tumor. We characterized the SVZ of brains of seven glioblastoma patients using fluorescence immunohistochemistry and image analysis. NSCs were identified by CD133 and SOX2 but not CD9 expression, whereas GSCs were positive for all three biomarkers. NSCs were present in all seven samples and GSCs in six out of seven samples. The SVZ in all samples were hypoxic and expressed the same relevant chemokines and their receptors as GSC niches in glioblastoma tumors: stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), C-X-C receptor type 4 (CXCR4), osteopontin, and CD44. In conclusion, in glioblastoma patients, GSCs are present at distance from the glioblastoma tumor in the SVZ. These findings suggest that GSCs in the SVZ niche are protected against radiotherapy and chemotherapy and protected against surgical resection due to their distant localization and thus may contribute to tumor recurrence after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashendriya V.V. Hira
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J. Molenaar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of Neuropathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J.F. Van Noorden
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The adaptive transition of glioblastoma stem cells and its implications on treatments. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:124. [PMID: 33753720 PMCID: PMC7985200 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00491-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most malignant tumor occurring in the human central nervous system with overall median survival time <14.6 months. Current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy cannot reach an optimal remission since tumor resistance to therapy remains a challenge. Glioblastoma stem cells are considered to be responsible for tumor resistance in treating glioblastoma. Previous studies reported two subtypes, proneural and mesenchymal, of glioblastoma stem cells manifesting different sensitivity to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells, as well as tumor cells generate from which, showed resistance to radiochemotherapies. Besides, two metabolic patterns, glutamine or glucose dependent, of mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells also manifested different sensitivity to radiochemotherapies. Glutamine dependent mesenchymal glioblastoma stem cells are more sensitive to radiotherapy than glucose-dependent ones. Therefore, the transition between proneural and mesenchymal subtypes, or between glutamine-dependent and glucose-dependent, might lead to tumor resistance to radiochemotherapies. Moreover, neural stem cells were also hypothesized to participate in glioblastoma stem cells mediated tumor resistance to radiochemotherapies. In this review, we summarized the basic characteristics, adaptive transition and implications of glioblastoma stem cells in glioblastoma therapy.
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Abstract
Therapy resistance is a major problem when treating cancer patients as cancer cells develop mechanisms that counteract the effect of therapeutic compounds, leading to fit and more aggressive clones that contribute to poor prognosis. Therapy resistance can be both intrinsic and/or acquired. These are multifactorial events, and some are related to factors including adaptations in cancer stem cells (CSCs), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), deregulation of key signaling pathways, drug efflux through ABC transporters, acquired mutations, evading apoptosis, and activation of DNA damage response among others. Among these factors, CSCs represent the major source of therapy resistance. CSCs are a subset of tumor cells that are capable of self-renewal and multilineage progenitor expansion that are known to be intrinsically resistant to anticancer treatments. Multiple clones of CSCs pre-exist, and some can adopt and expand easily to changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and/or in response to radio- and chemotherapy. A combination of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributes to CSC-mediated therapy resistance. In this review, we will focus on CSCs and therapy resistance as well as suggest strategies to eliminate CSCs and, therefore, overcome resistance. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jaffer A. Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009 USA
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Lah TT, Novak M, Pena Almidon MA, Marinelli O, Žvar Baškovič B, Majc B, Mlinar M, Bošnjak R, Breznik B, Zomer R, Nabissi M. Cannabigerol Is a Potential Therapeutic Agent in a Novel Combined Therapy for Glioblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020340. [PMID: 33562819 PMCID: PMC7914500 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Among primary brain tumours, glioblastoma is the most aggressive. As early relapses are unavoidable despite standard-of-care treatment, the cannabinoids delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) alone or in combination have been suggested as a combined treatment strategy for glioblastomas. However, the known psychoactive effects of THC hamper its medical applications in these patients with potential cognitive impairment due to the progression of the disease. Therefore, nontoxic cannabigerol (CBG), being recently shown to exhibit anti-tumour properties in some carcinomas, is assayed here for the first time in glioblastoma with the aim to replace THC. We indeed found CBG to effectively impair the relevant hallmarks of glioblastoma progression, with comparable killing effects to THC and in addition inhibiting the invasion of glioblastoma cells. Moreover, CBG can destroy therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells, which are the root of cancer development and extremely resistant to various other treatments of this lethal cancer. CBG should present a new yet unexplored adjuvant treatment strategy of glioblastoma. Abstract Glioblastoma is the most aggressive cancer among primary brain tumours. As with other cancers, the incidence of glioblastoma is increasing; despite modern therapies, the overall mean survival of patients post-diagnosis averages around 16 months, a figure that has not changed in many years. Cannabigerol (CBG) has only recently been reported to prevent the progression of certain carcinomas and has not yet been studied in glioblastoma. Here, we have compared the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and anti-invasive effects of the purified natural cannabinoid CBG together with CBD and THC on established differentiated glioblastoma tumour cells and glioblastoma stem cells. CBG and THC reduced the viability of both types of cells to a similar extent, whereas combining CBD with CBG was more efficient than with THC. CBD and CBG, both alone and in combination, induced caspase-dependent cell apoptosis, and there was no additive THC effect. Of note, CBG inhibited glioblastoma invasion in a similar manner to CBD and the chemotherapeutic temozolomide. We have demonstrated that THC has little added value in combined-cannabinoid glioblastoma treatment, suggesting that this psychotropic cannabinoid should be replaced with CBG in future clinical studies of glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara T. Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.N.); (B.Ž.B.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (B.B.)
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-41-651-629
| | - Metka Novak
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.N.); (B.Ž.B.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Milagros A. Pena Almidon
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.A.P.A.); (O.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.A.P.A.); (O.M.); (M.N.)
| | - Barbara Žvar Baškovič
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.N.); (B.Ž.B.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Bernarda Majc
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.N.); (B.Ž.B.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (B.B.)
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mateja Mlinar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.N.); (B.Ž.B.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Roman Bošnjak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.N.); (B.Ž.B.); (B.M.); (M.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Roby Zomer
- MGC Pharmaceuticals d.o.o., 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Experimental Medicine Section, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (M.A.P.A.); (O.M.); (M.N.)
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Liu Y, Wang G, Zhang J, Chen X, Xu H, Heng G, Chen J, Zhao Y, Li J, Ni Y, Zhang Y, Shan J, Qian C. CD9, a potential leukemia stem cell marker, regulates drug resistance and leukemia development in acute myeloid leukemia. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:86. [PMID: 33494824 PMCID: PMC7836575 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02155-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for the initiation, progression, and relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therefore, a therapeutic strategy targeting LSCs is a potential approach to eradicate AML. In this study, we aimed to identify LSC-specific surface markers and uncover the underlying mechanism of AML LSCs. METHODS Microarray gene expression data were used to investigate candidate AML-LSC-specific markers. CD9 expression in AML cell lines, patients with AML, and normal donors was evaluated by flow cytometry (FC). The biological characteristics of CD9-positive (CD9+) cells were analyzed by in vitro proliferation, chemotherapeutic drug resistance, migration, and in vivo xenotransplantation assays. The molecular mechanism involved in CD9+ cell function was investigated by gene expression profiling. The effects of alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) on CD9+ cells were analyzed with regard to proliferation, drug resistance, and migration. RESULTS CD9, a cell surface protein, was specifically expressed on AML LSCs but barely detected on normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). CD9+ cells exhibit more resistance to chemotherapy drugs and higher migration potential than do CD9-negative (CD9-) cells. More importantly, CD9+ cells possess the ability to reconstitute human AML in immunocompromised mice and promote leukemia growth, suggesting that CD9+ cells define the LSC population. Furthermore, we identified that A2M plays a crucial role in maintaining CD9+ LSC stemness. Knockdown of A2M impairs drug resistance and migration of CD9+ cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CD9 is a new biomarker of AML LSCs and is a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Liu
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiasi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huailong Xu
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Heng
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Precision Medicine and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Yongchun Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Precision Medicine and Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China
| | - Jiatao Li
- Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanli Ni
- Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
| | - Cheng Qian
- Center of Biological Therapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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mTOR Modulates Intercellular Signals for Enlargement and Infiltration in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092486. [PMID: 32887296 PMCID: PMC7564864 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor. Emerging evidence indicate the multi-faceted role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in GBM growth and proliferation. In fact, GBM-derived EVs can alter the phenotype of GBM-associated parenchymal cells; thus, promoting tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Remarkably, among several pathways that are frequently deregulated in GBM, mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) up-regulation, and subsequent autophagy (ATG) depression are considered hallmarks of GBM. In fact, mTOR-dependent ATG inhibition strongly correlates with the presence of EVs, which in turn promotes glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs) self-renewal, proliferation, and infiltration. ATG and exosome release are reciprocally regulated. In detail, a failure in ATG enhances exosomal release. Therefore, strategies aimed at targeting on mTOR-dependent extracellular vesicles could be a promising approach for GBM prevention and treatment. Abstract Recently, exosomal release has been related to the acquisition of a malignant phenotype in glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs). Remarkably, intriguing reports demonstrate that GSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) contribute to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumorigenesis via multiple pathways by regulating tumor growth, infiltration, and immune invasion. In fact, GSCs release tumor-promoting macrovesicles that can disseminate as paracrine factors to induce phenotypic alterations in glioma-associated parenchymal cells. In this way, GBM can actively recruit different stromal cells, which, in turn, may participate in tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling and, thus, alter tumor progression. Vice versa, parenchymal cells can transfer their protein and genetic contents to GSCs by EVs; thus, promoting GSCs tumorigenicity. Moreover, GBM was shown to hijack EV-mediated cell-to-cell communication for self-maintenance. The present review examines the role of the mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in altering EVs/exosome-based cell-to-cell communication, thus modulating GBM infiltration and volume growth. In fact, exosomes have been implicated in GSC niche maintenance trough the modulation of GSCs stem cell-like properties, thus, affecting GBM infiltration and relapse. The present manuscript will focus on how EVs, and mostly exosomes, may act on GSCs and neighbor non tumorigenic stromal cells to modify their expression and translational profile, while making the TME surrounding the GSC niche more favorable for GBM growth and infiltration. Novel insights into the mTOR-dependent mechanisms regulating EV-mediated intercellular communication within GBM TME hold promising directions for future therapeutic applications.
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Tumour-reactive B cells and antibody responses after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 2020; 7:15-22. [PMID: 35754458 PMCID: PMC9216635 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
For many high-risk haematologic malignancies, such as acute myeloid leukaemia, the success of therapy relies mainly on invoking a curative antitumour immune response. This can be achieved by inducing a graft-versus-leukaemia response following allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation. While the contribution of T cells and natural killer cells to graft-versus-leukaemia responses is established, the contribution of B cells and antibodies is relatively unexplored. This article reviews what is known about the contribution of B cells and tumour-specific antibody responses to a successful graft-versus-leukaemia response leading to eradication of the tumour.
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2D and 3D in vitro assays to quantify the invasive behavior of glioblastoma stem cells in response to SDF-1α. Biotechniques 2020; 69:339-346. [PMID: 32867513 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion is a hallmark of cancer and therefore in vitro invasion assays are important tools in cancer research. We aimed to describe in vitro 2D transwell assays and 3D spheroid assays to quantitatively determine the invasive behavior of glioblastoma stem cells in response to the chemoattractant SDF-1α. Matrigel was used as a matrix in both assays. We demonstrated quantitatively that SDF-1α increased invasive behavior of glioblastoma stem cells in both assays. We conclude that the 2D transwell invasion assay is easy to perform, fast and less complex whereas the more time-consuming 3D spheroid invasion assay is physiologically closer to the in vivo situation.
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Iwagawa T, Aihara Y, Umutoni D, Baba Y, Murakami A, Miyado K, Watanabe S. Cd9 Protects Photoreceptors from Injury and Potentiates Edn2 Expression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:7. [PMID: 32150249 PMCID: PMC7401443 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cd9 is a tetraspanin membrane protein that plays various roles in tissue development and disease pathogenesis, especially in cancer, but the expression patterns and function of Cd9 in retinal development and disease are not well understood. We asked its roles during retinal photoreceptor degeneration by using CD9-knockout mice. Methods Cd9 knockout mice and rd1 mice were used to examine roles of Cd9 for progression of photoreceptor degeneration. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were mainly used as analytical methods. Results Cd9 transcripts were only weakly expressed in retina at embryonic day 14, but its expression level subsequently increased and peaked at around postnatal day 12. In 6-week-old female mice derived retina, mRNA expression decreased slightly but was maintained at a significant level. Published RNA-sequencing data and immunohistochemistry indicated that Cd9 was expressed abundantly in Müller glia and weakly in other retinal neurons. Notably, when photoreceptors were damaged, Cd9 expression was increased in rod photoreceptors and decreased in Müller glia. Cd9 knockout mice retinas developed normally; however, once the retina suffered damage, degeneration of photoreceptors was more severe in Cd9 knockout retinas than control retinas. Induction of Edn2, which is known to protect against photoreceptor damage, was severely hampered. In addition, induction of Socs3, which is downstream of gp130 (Il6st), was weaker in Cd9 knockout retinas. Conclusions Taken together, these findings indicate that, although Cd9 was dispensable for normal gross morphological development, it protected rod photoreceptors and enhanced Edn2 expression, possibly through modulation of gp130 signaling.
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CCR5-Mediated Signaling Is Involved in Invasion of Glioblastoma Cells in Its Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124199. [PMID: 32545571 PMCID: PMC7352708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CCL5/RANTES is a versatile inflammatory mediator, which interacts with the receptor CCR5, promoting cancer cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Glioblastoma is a highly invasive tumor, in which CCL5 expression correlates with shorter patient survival. Using immunohistochemistry, we identified CCL5 and CCR5 in a series of glioblastoma samples and cells, including glioblastoma stem cells. CCL5 and CCR5 gene expression were significantly higher in a cohort of 38 glioblastoma samples, compared to low-grade glioma and non-cancerous tissues. The in vitro invasion of patients-derived primary glioblastoma cells and glioblastoma stem cells was dependent on CCL5-induced CCR5 signaling and is strongly inhibited by the small molecule CCR5 antagonist maraviroc. Invasion of these cells, which was enhanced when co-cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), was inhibited by maraviroc, suggesting that MSCs release CCR5 ligands. In support of this model, we detected CCL5 and CCR5 in MSC monocultures and glioblastoma-associated MSC in tissue sections. We also found CCR5 expressing macrophages were in close proximity to glioblastoma cells. In conclusion, autocrine and paracrine cross-talk in glioblastoma and, in particular, glioblastoma stem cells with its stromal microenvironment, involves CCR5 and CCL5, contributing to glioblastoma invasion, suggesting the CCL5/CCR5 axis as a potential therapeutic target that can be targeted with repositioned drug maraviroc.
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Zottel A, Jovčevska I, Šamec N, Mlakar J, Šribar J, Križaj I, Skoblar Vidmar M, Komel R. Anti-vimentin, anti-TUFM, anti-NAP1L1 and anti-DPYSL2 nanobodies display cytotoxic effect and reduce glioblastoma cell migration. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920915302. [PMID: 32426045 PMCID: PMC7222267 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920915302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glioblastoma is a particularly common and very aggressive primary brain tumour. One of the main causes of therapy failure is the presence of glioblastoma stem cells that are resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and that have the potential to form new tumours. This study focuses on validation of eight novel antigens, TRIM28, nucleolin, vimentin, nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 (NAP1L1), mitochondrial translation elongation factor (EF-TU) (TUFM), dihydropyrimidinase-related protein 2 (DPYSL2), collapsin response mediator protein 1 (CRMP1) and Aly/REF export factor (ALYREF), as putative glioblastoma targets, using nanobodies. Methods: Expression of these eight antigens was analysed at the cellular level by qPCR, ELISA and immunocytochemistry, and in tissues by immunohistochemistry. The cytotoxic effects of the nanobodies were determined using AlamarBlue and water-soluble tetrazolium tests. Annexin V/propidium iodide tests were used to determine apoptotsis/necrosis of the cells in the presence of the nanobodies. Cell migration assays were performed to determine the effects of the nanobodies on cell migration. Results: NAP1L1 and CRMP1 were significantly overexpressed in glioblastoma stem cells in comparison with astrocytes and glioblastoma cell lines at the mRNA and protein levels. Vimentin, DPYSL2 and ALYREF were overexpressed in glioblastoma cell lines only at the protein level. The functional part of the study examined the cytotoxic effects of the nanobodies on glioblastoma cell lines. Four of the nanobodies were selected in terms of their specificity towards glioblastoma cells and protein overexpression: anti-vimentin (Nb79), anti-NAP1L1 (Nb179), anti-TUFM (Nb225) and anti-DPYSL2 (Nb314). In further experiments to optimise the nanobody treatment schemes, to increase their effects, and to determine their impact on migration of glioblastoma cells, the anti-TUFM nanobody showed large cytotoxic effects on glioblastoma stem cells, while the anti-vimentin, anti-NAP1L1 and anti-DPYSL2 nanobodies were indicated as agents to target mature glioblastoma cells. The anti-vimentin nanobody also had significant effects on migration of mature glioblastoma cells. Conclusion: Nb79 (anti-vimentin), Nb179 (anti-NAP1L1), Nb225 (anti-TUFM) and Nb314 (anti-DPYSL2) nanobodies are indicated for further examination for cell targeting. The anti-TUFM nanobody, Nb225, is particularly potent for inhibition of cell growth after long-term exposure of glioblastoma stem cells, with minor effects seen for astrocytes. The anti-vimentin nanobody represents an agent for inhibition of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alja Zottel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivana Jovčevska
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neja Šamec
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Mlakar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Šribar
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Igor Križaj
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Radovan Komel
- Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Matarredona ER, Pastor AM. Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Communication between the Glioblastoma and Its Microenvironment. Cells 2019; 9:E96. [PMID: 31906023 PMCID: PMC7017035 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glioblastoma is the most malignant form of brain cancer. Glioblastoma cells use multiple ways of communication with the tumor microenvironment in order to tune it for their own benefit. Among these, extracellular vesicles have emerged as a focus of study in the last few years. Extracellular vesicles contain soluble proteins, DNA, mRNA and non-coding RNAs with which they can modulate the phenotypes of recipient cells. In this review we summarize recent findings on the extracellular vesicles-mediated bilateral communication established between glioblastoma cells and their tumor microenvironment, and the impact of this dialogue for tumor progression and recurrence.
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Vanden Eynde JJ, Mangoni AA, Rautio J, Leprince J, Azuma YT, García-Sosa AT, Hulme C, Jampilek J, Karaman R, Li W, Gomes PAC, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Capasso R, Geronikaki A, Cerchia L, Sabatier JM, Ragno R, Tuccinardi T, Trabocchi A, Winum JY, Luque FJ, Prokai-Tatrai K, Spetea M, Gütschow M, Kosalec I, Guillou C, Vasconcelos MH, Kokotos G, Rastelli G, de Sousa ME, Manera C, Gemma S, Mangani S, Siciliano C, Galdiero S, Liu H, Scott PJH, de los Ríos C, Agrofoglio LA, Collina S, Guedes RC, Muñoz-Torrero D. Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes-6. Molecules 2019; 25:E119. [PMID: 31905602 PMCID: PMC6983133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes is a series of Editorials that is published on a biannual basis by the Editorial Board of the Medicinal Chemistry section of the journal Molecules [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde
- Formerly head of the Department of Organic Chemistry (FS), University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park 5042, Adelaide, Australia;
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- UNIROUEN, Inserm U1239, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Communication and Differentiation, Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France;
- UNIROUEN, Regional Cell Imaging Platform of Normandy (PRIMACEN), Normandie University, 76000 Rouen, France
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 1-58 Rinku-ohraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan;
| | | | - Christopher Hulme
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Biological Sciences West Room 351, 1041 East Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine;
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viadell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Paula A. C. Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.H.-L.) (A.G.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy;
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.H.-L.) (A.G.)
| | - Laura Cerchia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, UMR 7051, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, 51, Boulevard Pierre Dramard-CS80011, 13344-Marseille CEDEX 15, France;
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), École nationale supérieure de chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 05, 34296 Montpellier, France;
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTC), University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba 171, E-08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain;
| | - Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Mariana Spetea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Ivan Kosalec
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Catherine Guillou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Unversité de Paris-Saclay, 1 av. de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France;
| | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group-IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - George Kokotos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Maria Emília de Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências, Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Clementina Manera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (T.T.); (C.M.)
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Mangani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.G.); (S.M.)
| | - Carlo Siciliano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy;
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA;
| | - Cristóbal de los Ríos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Luigi A. Agrofoglio
- ICOA, CNRS UMR 7311, Université d’Orleans, Rue de Chartres, 45067 Orleans CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- iMed.Ulisboa and Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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CD9 identifies pancreatic cancer stem cells and modulates glutamine metabolism to fuel tumour growth. Nat Cell Biol 2019; 21:1425-1435. [PMID: 31685994 PMCID: PMC6944508 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-019-0407-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) shows great cellular heterogeneity, with pronounced epithelial and mesenchymal cancer cell populations. However, the cellular hierarchy underlying PDAC cell diversity is unknown. Here we identify the tetraspanin CD9 as a marker of PDAC tumour-initiating cells. CD9high cells had increased organoid formation capability, and generated tumour grafts in vivo at limiting dilutions. Tumours initiated from CD9high cells recapitulated the cellular heterogeneity of primary PDAC, whereas CD9low cells only produced duct-like epithelial progeny. CD9 knockdown decreased the growth of PDAC organoids, and heterozygous CD9 deletion in Pdx1-Cre; LSL-KRasG12D; p53F/F mice prolonged overall survival. Mechanistically, CD9 promoted the plasma membrane localisation of the glutamine transporter ASCT2, enhancing glutamine uptake in PDAC cells. Thus, our study identifies a PDAC subpopulation capable of initiating PDAC and giving rise to PDAC heterogeneity, suggesting that the cellular diversity of PDAC is generated by PDAC stem cell differentiation.
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38
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Hira VVV, Breznik B, Vittori M, Loncq de Jong A, Mlakar J, Oostra RJ, Khurshed M, Molenaar RJ, Lah T, Van Noorden CJF. Similarities Between Stem Cell Niches in Glioblastoma and Bone Marrow: Rays of Hope for Novel Treatment Strategies. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 68:33-57. [PMID: 31566074 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419878416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Slowly dividing and therapy-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) reside in protective peri-arteriolar niches and are held responsible for glioblastoma recurrence. Recently, we showed similarities between GSC niches and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niches in bone marrow. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells hijack HSC niches and are transformed into therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Current clinical trials are focussed on removal of LSCs out of HSC niches to differentiate and to become sensitized to chemotherapy. In the present study, we elaborated further on these similarities by immunohistochemical analyses of 17 biomarkers in paraffin sections of human glioblastoma and human bone marrow. We found all 17 biomarkers to be expressed both in hypoxic peri-arteriolar HSC niches in bone marrow and hypoxic peri-arteriolar GSC niches in glioblastoma. Our findings implicate that GSC niches are being formed in glioblastoma as a copy of HSC niches in bone marrow. These similarities between HSC niches and GSC niches provide a theoretic basis for the development of novel strategies to force GSCs out of their niches, in a similar manner as in AML, to induce GSC differentiation and proliferation to render them more sensitive to anti-glioblastoma therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vashendriya V V Hira
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miloš Vittori
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Annique Loncq de Jong
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jernej Mlakar
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roelof-Jan Oostra
- Department of Medical Biology, Section Clinical Anatomy and Embryology, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J Molenaar
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Medical Biology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Oliveira MN, Breznik B, Pillat MM, Pereira RL, Ulrich H, Lah TT. Kinins in Glioblastoma Microenvironment. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2019; 12:77-94. [PMID: 31420805 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-019-00229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumour progression involves interactions among various cancer cell clones, including the cancer stem cell subpopulation and exogenous cellular components, termed cancer stromal cells. The latter include a plethora of tumour infiltrating immunocompetent cells, among which are also immuno-modulatory mesenchymal stem cells, which by vigorous migration to growing tumours and susequent transdifferentiation into various types of tumour-residing stromal cells, may either inhibit or support tumour progression. In the light of the scarce therapeutic options existing for the most malignant brain tumour glioblastoma, mesenchymal stem cells may represent a promising novel tool for cell therapy, e.g. drug delivery vectors. Here, we review the increasing number of reports on mutual interactions between mesenchymal stem cells and glioblastoma cells in their microenvironment. We particularly point out two novel aspects: the different responses of cancer cells to their microenvironmental cues, and to the signalling by kinin receptors that complement the immuno-modulating cytokine-signalling networks. Inflammatory glioblastoma microenvironment is characterised by increasing expression of kinin receptors during progressive glioma malignancy, thus making kinin signalling and kinins themselves rather important in this context. In general, their role in tumour microenvironment has not been explored so far. In addition, kinins also regulate blood brain barrier-related drug transfer as well as brain tumour angiogenesis. These studies support the on-going research on kinin antagonists as candidates in the development of anti-invasive agents for adjuvant glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona N Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineus Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova, 39 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Micheli M Pillat
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineus Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo L Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineus Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineus Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Tamara T Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Pacienza N, Yannarelli G. CD9: A possible clue into breast cancer chemoresistance. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4921-4922. [PMID: 31452833 PMCID: PMC6697637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pacienza
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Li D, Tian Y, Hu Y, Qi Y, Tian N, Li S, Hu P, Wu F, Wei Q, Wei Z, Wang S, Yin B, Jiang T, Yuan J, Qiang B, Han W, Peng X. Glioma-associated human endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles specifically promote the tumourigenicity of glioma stem cells via CD9. Oncogene 2019; 38:6898-6912. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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An emerging role of CD9 in stemness and chemoresistance. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4000-4001. [PMID: 31258843 PMCID: PMC6592292 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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43
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Arsenic Trioxide and (-)-Gossypol Synergistically Target Glioma Stem-Like Cells via Inhibition of Hedgehog and Notch Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030350. [PMID: 30871073 PMCID: PMC6468469 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the deadliest malignancies and is virtually incurable. Accumulating evidence indicates that a small population of cells with a stem-like phenotype is the major culprit of tumor recurrence. Enhanced DNA repair capacity and expression of stemness marker genes are the main characteristics of these cells. Elimination of this population might delay or prevent tumor recurrence following radiochemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze whether interference with the Hedgehog signaling (Hh) pathway or combined Hh/Notch blockade using small-molecule inhibitors can efficiently target these cancer stem cells and sensitize them to therapy. Using tumor sphere lines and primary patient-derived glioma cultures we demonstrate that the Hh pathway inhibitor GANT61 (GANT) and the arsenic trioxide (ATO)-mediated Hh/Notch inhibition are capable to synergistically induce cell death in combination with the natural anticancer agent (−)-Gossypol (Gos). Only ATO in combination with Gos also strongly decreased stemness marker expression and prevented sphere formation and recovery. These synergistic effects were associated with distinct proteomic changes indicating diminished DNA repair and markedly reduced stemness. Finally, using an organotypic brain slice transplantation model, we show that combined ATO/Gos treatment elicits strong growth inhibition or even complete elimination of tumors. Collectively, our data show for the first time that ATO and Gos, two drugs that can be used in the clinic, represent a promising targeted therapy approach for the synergistic elimination of glioma stem-like cells.
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Mastrella G, Hou M, Li M, Stoecklein VM, Zdouc N, Volmar MNM, Miletic H, Reinhard S, Herold-Mende CC, Kleber S, Eisenhut K, Gargiulo G, Synowitz M, Vescovi AL, Harter PN, Penninger JM, Wagner E, Mittelbronn M, Bjerkvig R, Hambardzumyan D, Schüller U, Tonn JC, Radke J, Glass R, Kälin RE. Targeting APLN/APLNR Improves Antiangiogenic Efficiency and Blunts Proinvasive Side Effects of VEGFA/VEGFR2 Blockade in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2298-2313. [PMID: 30718358 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiangiogenic therapy of glioblastoma (GBM) with bevacizumab, a VEGFA-blocking antibody, may accelerate tumor cell invasion and induce alternative angiogenic pathways. Here we investigate the roles of the proangiogenic apelin receptor APLNR and its cognate ligand apelin in VEGFA/VEGFR2 antiangiogenic therapy against distinct subtypes of GBM. In proneural GBM, apelin levels were downregulated by VEGFA or VEGFR2 blockade. A central role for apelin/APLNR in controlling GBM vascularization was corroborated in a serial implantation model of the angiogenic switch that occurs in human GBM. Apelin and APLNR are broadly expressed in human GBM, and knockdown or knockout of APLN in orthotopic models of proneural or classical GBM subtypes significantly reduced GBM vascularization compared with controls. However, reduction in apelin expression led to accelerated GBM cell invasion. Analysis of stereotactic GBM biopsies from patients as well as from in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed increased dissemination of APLNR-positive tumor cells when apelin levels were reduced. Application of apelin-F13A, a mutant APLNR ligand, blocked tumor angiogenesis and GBM cell invasion. Furthermore, cotargeting VEGFR2 and APLNR synergistically improved survival of mice bearing proneural GBM. In summary, we show that apelin/APLNR signaling controls GBM angiogenesis and invasion and that both pathologic features are blunted by apelin-F13A. We suggest that apelin-F13A can improve the efficiency and reduce the side effects of established antiangiogenic treatments for distinct GBM subtypes. SIGNIFICANCE: Pharmacologic targeting of the APLNR acts synergistically with established antiangiogenic treatments in glioblastoma and blunts therapy resistance to current strategies for antiangiogenesis.See related commentary by Amoozgar et al., p. 2104.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Mastrella
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mengzhuo Hou
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Min Li
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit M Stoecklein
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Zdouc
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie N M Volmar
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Christel C Herold-Mende
- Division of Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kleber
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Eisenhut
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Michael Synowitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Center Schleswig Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Angelo L Vescovi
- IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Patrick N Harter
- Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Department of Pharmacy, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Edinger-Institute (Neurological Institute), Goethe-University Medical School, Frankfurt am Main, Germany and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Luxembourg Centre of Neuropathology (LCNP), Luxembourg and NORLUX Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), and Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Pediatrics and Aflac Cancer Center of Children's Health Care of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ulrich Schüller
- Institute of Neuropathology and Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf and Research Institute Children's Cancer Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Christian Tonn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, German; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany, Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Glass
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland E Kälin
- Neurosurgical Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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45
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Brosseau C, Colas L, Magnan A, Brouard S. CD9 Tetraspanin: A New Pathway for the Regulation of Inflammation? Front Immunol 2018; 9:2316. [PMID: 30356731 PMCID: PMC6189363 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD9 belongs to the tetraspanin superfamily. Depending on the cell type and associated molecules, CD9 has a wide variety of biological activities such as cell adhesion, motility, metastasis, growth, signal transduction, differentiation, and sperm-egg fusion. This review focuses on CD9 expression by hematopoietic cells and its role in modulating cellular processes involved in the regulation of inflammation. CD9 is functionally very important in many diseases and is involved either in the regulation or in the mediation of the disease. The role of CD9 in various diseases, such as viral and bacterial infections, cancer and chronic lung allograft dysfunction, is discussed. This review focuses also on its interest as a biomarker in diseases. Indeed CD9 is primarily known as a specific exosome marker however, its expression is now recognized as an anti-inflammatory marker of monocytes and macrophages. It was also described as a marker of murine IL-10-competent Breg cells and IL-10-secreting CD9+ B cells were associated with better allograft outcome in lung transplant patients, and identified as a new predictive biomarker of long-term survival. In the field of cancer, CD9 was both identified as a favorable prognostic marker or as a predictor of metastatic potential depending on cancer types. Finally, this review discusses strategies to target CD9 as a therapeutic tool. Because CD9 can have opposite effects depending on the situation, the environment and the pathology, modulating CD9 expression or blocking its effects seem to be a new promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Brosseau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Luc Colas
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut du Thorax, Plateforme Transversale d'Allergologie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- Institut du Thorax, Plateforme Transversale d'Allergologie, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut du thorax, Inserm UMR 1087, CNRS UMR 6291, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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46
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Genetic Abnormalities, Clonal Evolution, and Cancer Stem Cells of Brain Tumors. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:E85. [PMID: 30279357 PMCID: PMC6313628 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are highly heterogeneous and have been classified by the World Health Organization in various histological and molecular subtypes. Gliomas have been classified as ranging from low-grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas to high-grade astrocytomas or glioblastomas. These tumors are characterized by a peculiar pattern of genetic alterations. Pediatric high-grade gliomas are histologically indistinguishable from adult glioblastomas, but they are considered distinct from adult glioblastomas because they possess a different spectrum of driver mutations (genes encoding histones H3.3 and H3.1). Medulloblastomas, the most frequent pediatric brain tumors, are considered to be of embryonic derivation and are currently subdivided into distinct subgroups depending on histological features and genetic profiling. There is emerging evidence that brain tumors are maintained by a special neural or glial stem cell-like population that self-renews and gives rise to differentiated progeny. In many instances, the prognosis of the majority of brain tumors remains negative and there is hope that the new acquisition of information on the molecular and cellular bases of these tumors will be translated in the development of new, more active treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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47
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Abstract
Research endeavors originally generated stem cell definitions for the purpose of describing normally sustainable developmental and tissue turnover processes in various species, including humans. The notion of investigating cells that possess a vague capacity of “stamm (phylum)” can be traced back to the late 19th century, mainly concentrating on cells that could produce the germline or the entire blood system. Lately, such undertakings have been recapitulated for oncogenesis, tumor growth, and cancer cell resistance to oncolytic therapies. However, due to the complexity and basic life-origin mechanisms comprising the genetic and epigenetic repertoire of the stemness in every developing or growing cell, presently there are ongoing debates regarding the biological essentials of the stem cell-like tumor initiation cells (ie, cancer stem cells; CSCs). This conceptual analysis focuses on the potential pitfalls of extrapolating that CSCs bear major traits of stemness. We propose a novel nomenclature of Tumor Survival Cells (TSCs) to further define tumor cells behaving like CSCs, based on the ruthless and detrimental features of Cancer Cell Survivology that appears fundamentally different from stem cell biology. Hence, precise academic separation of TSCs from all the stem cell-related labels applied to these unique tumor cells may help to improve scientific reasoning and strategies to decode the desperado-like survival behaviors of TSCs to eventually overcome cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang D Teng
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Division of SCI Research, VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lei Wang
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Division of SCI Research, VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Serdar Kabatas
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Neurosurgery, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Division of SCI Research, VA Boston Healthcare System , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henning Ulrich
- 4 Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ross D Zafonte
- 1 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School and Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital Network, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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48
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Rosmaninho P, Mükusch S, Piscopo V, Teixeira V, Raposo AA, Warta R, Bennewitz R, Tang Y, Herold-Mende C, Stifani S, Momma S, Castro DS. Zeb1 potentiates genome-wide gene transcription with Lef1 to promote glioblastoma cell invasion. EMBO J 2018; 37:e97115. [PMID: 29903919 PMCID: PMC6068449 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201797115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive brain tumor, with a subpopulation of stem-like cells thought to mediate its recurring behavior and therapeutic resistance. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducing factor Zeb1 was linked to tumor initiation, invasion, and resistance to therapy in glioblastoma, but how Zeb1 functions at molecular level and what genes it regulates remain poorly understood. Contrary to the common view that EMT factors act as transcriptional repressors, here we show that genome-wide binding of Zeb1 associates with both activation and repression of gene expression in glioblastoma stem-like cells. Transcriptional repression requires direct DNA binding of Zeb1, while indirect recruitment to regulatory regions by the Wnt pathway effector Lef1 results in gene activation, independently of Wnt signaling. Amongst glioblastoma genes activated by Zeb1 are predicted mediators of tumor cell migration and invasion, including the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Prex1, whose elevated expression is predictive of shorter glioblastoma patient survival. Prex1 promotes invasiveness of glioblastoma cells in vivo highlighting the importance of Zeb1/Lef1 gene regulatory mechanisms in gliomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rosmaninho
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Susanne Mükusch
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valerio Piscopo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Vera Teixeira
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Asf Raposo
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rolf Warta
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Romina Bennewitz
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yeman Tang
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Christel Herold-Mende
- Division of Experimental Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefano Stifani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stefan Momma
- Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), Frankfurt University Medical School, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diogo S Castro
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
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49
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Breznik B, Limbaeck Stokin C, Kos J, Khurshed M, Hira VVV, Bošnjak R, Lah TT, Van Noorden CJF. Cysteine cathepsins B, X and K expression in peri-arteriolar glioblastoma stem cell niches. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:481-497. [PMID: 30046941 PMCID: PMC6182580 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9787-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal brain tumor also due to malignant and therapy-resistant GBM stem cells (GSCs) that are localized in protecting hypoxic GSC niches. Some members of the cysteine cathepsin family of proteases have been found to be upregulated in GBM. Cathepsin K gene expression is highly elevated in GBM tissue versus normal brain and it has been suggested to regulate GSC migration out of the niches. Here, we investigated the cellular distribution of cathepsins B, X and K in GBM tissue and whether these cathepsins are co-localized in GSC niches. Therefore, we determined expression of these cathepsins in serial paraffin sections of 14 human GBM samples and serial cryostat sections of two samples using immunohistochemistry and metabolic mapping of cathepsin activity using selective fluorogenic substrates. We detected cathepsins B, X and K in peri-arteriolar GSC niches in 9 out of 16 GBM samples, which were defined by co-expression of the GSC marker CD133, the niche marker stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) and smooth muscle actin as a marker for arterioles. The expression of cathepsin B and X was detected in stromal cells and cancer cells throughout the GBM sections, whereas cathepsin K expression was more restricted to arteriole-rich regions in the GBM sections. Metabolic mapping showed that cathepsin B, but not cathepsin K is active in GSC niches. On the basis of these findings, it is concluded that cathepsins B, X and K have distinct functions in GBM and that cathepsin K is the most likely GSC niche-related cathepsin of the three cathepsins investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Breznik
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Clara Limbaeck Stokin
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 7 Aškerčeva cesta, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mohammed Khurshed
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vashendriya V V Hira
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Bošnjak
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamara T Lah
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Cornelis J F Van Noorden
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Medical Biology at the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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50
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Vidak M, Jovcevska I, Samec N, Zottel A, Liovic M, Rozman D, Dzeroski S, Juvan P, Komel R. Meta-Analysis and Experimental Validation Identified FREM2 and SPRY1 as New Glioblastoma Marker Candidates. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051369. [PMID: 29734672 PMCID: PMC5983642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive brain malignancy. Although some potential glioblastoma biomarkers have already been identified, there is a lack of cell membrane-bound biomarkers capable of distinguishing brain tissue from glioblastoma and/or glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), which are responsible for the rapid post-operative tumor reoccurrence. In order to find new GB/GSC marker candidates that would be cell surface proteins (CSP), we have performed meta-analysis of genome-scale mRNA expression data from three data repositories (GEO, ArrayExpress and GLIOMASdb). The search yielded ten appropriate datasets, and three (GSE4290/GDS1962, GSE23806/GDS3885, and GLIOMASdb) were used for selection of new GB/GSC marker candidates, while the other seven (GSE4412/GDS1975, GSE4412/GDS1976, E-GEOD-52009, E-GEOD-68848, E-GEOD-16011, E-GEOD-4536, and E-GEOD-74571) were used for bioinformatic validation. The selection identified four new CSP-encoding candidate genes—CD276, FREM2, SPRY1, and SLC47A1—and the bioinformatic validation confirmed these findings. A review of the literature revealed that CD276 is not a novel candidate, while SLC47A1 had lower validation test scores than the other new candidates and was therefore not considered for experimental validation. This validation revealed that the expression of FREM2—but not SPRY1—is higher in glioblastoma cell lines when compared to non-malignant astrocytes. In addition, FREM2 gene and protein expression levels are higher in GB stem-like cell lines than in conventional glioblastoma cell lines. FREM2 is thus proposed as a novel GB biomarker and a putative biomarker of glioblastoma stem cells. Both FREM2 and SPRY1 are expressed on the surface of the GB cells, while SPRY1 alone was found overexpressed in the cytosol of non-malignant astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Vidak
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Ivana Jovcevska
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Neja Samec
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Alja Zottel
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Mirjana Liovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Saso Dzeroski
- Department of Knowledge Technologies, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Peter Juvan
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
| | - Radovan Komel
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre for Molecular Biology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia.
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