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Hsu CH, Chen P, Yang CP, Chuang CA, Chan YS, Chiu JCH. The results of preventing postoperative achilles tendon adhesion using cross-linked and non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid, a study with rat model. J Orthop Surg Res 2024; 19:457. [PMID: 39095889 PMCID: PMC11295680 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-024-04952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many adhesion barrier materials, cross-linked or non-cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA), used during surgeries. PURPOSE This study investigates the efficacy of cross-linked and non-cross-linked HA in preventing Achilles tendon adhesions. We hypothesized that non-cross-linked HA may be more effective than cross-linked HA in preventing Achilles tendon adhesions following injury and repair. METHODS Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats, totaling 40 legs, underwent Achilles tendon transection and repair. Following the surgery, they were treated simultaneously with cross-linked and non-cross-linked HA formulations. The rats were divided into four groups: a positive control group, a group treated with BMC non-cross-linked HA gel, a group treated with DEFEHERE cross-linked HA gel, and a group treated with ANIKA cross-linked HA gel. Four weeks after surgery, macroscopic evaluation of peritendinous adhesion and histological analysis were conducted to assess the effectiveness of the treatments. RESULTS Non-cross-linked BMC HA demonstrated superior efficacy in preventing tendon adhesions compared to cross-linked HA and control groups. Histological analysis confirmed reduced adhesion severity in the non-cross-linked HA group (P < 0.05). The findings support the potential of non-cross-linked HA as a treatment to inhibit tendon adhesions. Further research, including clinical trials, is warranted to validate these results in human subjects. CONCLUSIONS Non-cross-linked BMC HA had significantly lower tendon adhesions parameters and better healing scores in histological analysis than cross-linked HA and control group did. Non-cross-linked HA holds promise as a potential treatment to inhibit the formation of such adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Heng Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jen-Ai Hospital, 483 Dong Rong Rd, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Poyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pang Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Sports Medicine Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-An Chuang
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Comprehensive Sports Medicine Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Chan
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Joe Chih-Hao Chiu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
- Bone and Joint Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Comprehensive Sports Medicine Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Hirano SI, Takefuji Y. Molecular Hydrogen Protects against Various Tissue Injuries from Side Effects of Anticancer Drugs by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1591. [PMID: 39062164 PMCID: PMC11274581 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While drug therapy plays a crucial role in cancer treatment, many anticancer drugs, particularly cytotoxic and molecular-targeted drugs, cause severe side effects, which often limit the dosage of these drugs. Efforts have been made to alleviate these side effects by developing derivatives, analogues, and liposome formulations of existing anticancer drugs and by combining anticancer drugs with substances that reduce side effects. However, these approaches have not been sufficiently effective in reducing side effects. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has shown promise in this regard. It directly reduces reactive oxygen species, which have very strong oxidative capacity, and indirectly exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects by regulating gene expression. Its clinical application in various diseases has been expanded worldwide. Although H2 has been reported to reduce the side effects of anticancer drugs in animal studies and clinical trials, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Our comprehensive literature review revealed that H2 protects against tissue injuries induced by cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, bleomycin, and gefitinib. The underlying mechanisms involve reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation. H2 itself exhibits anticancer activity. Therefore, the combination of H2 and anticancer drugs has the potential to reduce the side effects of anticancer drugs and enhance their anticancer activities. This is an exciting prospect for future cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Hirano
- Independent Researcher, 5-8-1-207 Honson, Chigasaki 253-0042, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Takefuji
- Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8345, Japan;
- Faculty of Data Science, Musashino University, 3-3-3 Ariake, Koto-Ku, Tokyo 135-8181, Japan
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Naito T, Yamanaka Y, Tokuda K, Sato N, Tajima T, Tsukamoto M, Suzuki H, Kawasaki M, Nakamura E, Sakai A. Effects of metformin on knee joint capsule fibrosis in a diabetic mouse model. Bone Joint Res 2024; 13:321-331. [PMID: 38955349 PMCID: PMC11219202 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.137.bjr-2023-0384.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims The antidiabetic agent metformin inhibits fibrosis in various organs. This study aims to elucidate the effects of hyperglycaemia and metformin on knee joint capsule fibrosis in mice. Methods Eight-week-old wild-type (WT) and type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice were divided into four groups without or with metformin treatment (WT met(-/+), Db met(-/+)). Mice received daily intraperitoneal administration of metformin and were killed at 12 and 14 weeks of age. Fibrosis morphology and its related genes and proteins were evaluated. Fibroblasts were extracted from the capsules of 14-week-old mice, and the expression of fibrosis-related genes in response to glucose and metformin was evaluated in vitro. Results The expression of all fibrosis-related genes was higher in Db met(-) than in WT met(-) and was suppressed by metformin. Increased levels of fibrosis-related genes, posterior capsule thickness, and collagen density were observed in the capsules of db/db mice compared with those in WT mice; these effects were suppressed by metformin. Glucose addition increased fibrosis-related gene expression in both groups of mice in vitro. When glucose was added, metformin inhibited the expression of fibrosis-related genes other than cellular communication network factor 2 (Ccn2) in WT mouse cells. Conclusion Hyperglycaemia promotes fibrosis in the mouse knee joint capsule, which is inhibited by metformin. These findings can help inform the development of novel strategies for treating knee joint capsule fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toichiro Naito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yamanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kotaro Tokuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Naohito Sato
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Manabu Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawasaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Akinori Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Fukuda Y, Uchida Y, Ando K, Manabe R, Tanaka A, Sagara H. Risk factors for interstitial lung disease in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Investig 2024; 62:481-487. [PMID: 38569441 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) can potentially result in interstitial lung disease (ILD), which can substantially impact a patient's quality of life, subsequently leading to the interruption or discontinuation of EGRF-TKI treatment. Clinicians, therefore, need to thoroughly assess patients to determine if they are at risk for ILD. METHODS We searched for observational study in the following databases: MEDLINE via the PubMed, CENTRAL, and IchushiWeb. The primary outcome was risk factors for the development of ILD, while the secondary outcome was risk factors for the severity of ILD. Of the 1602 studies returned, we selected 11 for meta-analysis, performed using a random-effects model. RESULTS Risk factors for developing ILD were sex (odds ratio (OR), 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-3.22; I2 = 0%; P = 0.02), smoking history (OR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.51-3.00; I2 = 3 4%; P = 0.0001), and history of ILD (OR = 5.95; 95% CI, 3.34-10.59; I2 = 67%; P = 0.0009). Age, previous thoracic surgery or radiotherapy, performance status, histological type of lung cancer, and treatment line were not statistically significant risk factors for ILD. Risk factors identified in one study were serum albumin level, history of nivolumab use, radiographic residual lung volume, and history of pulmonary infection. CONCLUSIONS We identified risk factors for developing ILD in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with EGFR-TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Fukuda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Yamanashi Red Cross Hospital, 6663-1 Funatsu, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Yamanashi, Japan; Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshitaka Uchida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ando
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Internal Medicine, Showa University Dental Hospital Medical Clinic, 2-1-1, Kitasenzoku, Ota-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Perioperative Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Showa University School of Dentistry, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Manabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Sagara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Fan Y, Yuh J, Lekkala S, Asik MD, Thomson A, McCanne M, Randolph MA, Chen AF, Oral E. The efficacy of vitamin E in preventing arthrofibrosis after joint replacement. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:145-155. [PMID: 38525803 PMCID: PMC11079150 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthrofibrosis is a joint disorder characterized by excessive scar formation in the joint tissues. Vitamin E is an antioxidant with potential anti-fibroblastic effect. The aim of this study was to establish an arthrofibrosis rat model after joint replacement and assess the effects of vitamin E supplementation on joint fibrosis. METHODS We simulated knee replacement in 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats. We immobilized the surgical leg with a suture in full flexion. The control groups were killed at 2 and 12 weeks (n = 5 per group), and the test group was supplemented daily with vitamin E (0.2 mg/mL) in their drinking water for 12 weeks (n = 6). We performed histological staining to investigate the presence and severity of arthrofibrosis. Immunofluorescent staining and α2-macroglobulin (α2M) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to assess local and systemic inflammation. Static weight bearing (total internal reflection) and range of motion (ROM) were collected for functional assessment. RESULTS The ROM and weight-bearing symmetry decreased after the procedure and recovered slowly with still significant deficit at the end of the study for both groups. Histological analysis confirmed fibrosis in both lateral and posterior periarticular tissue. Vitamin E supplementation showed a moderate anti-inflammatory effect on the local and systemic levels. The vitamin E group exhibited significant improvement in ROM and weight-bearing symmetry at day 84 compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS This model is viable for simulating arthrofibrosis after joint replacement. Vitamin E may benefit postsurgical arthrofibrosis, and further studies are needed for dosing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfang Fan
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jean Yuh
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sashank Lekkala
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mehmet D. Asik
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew Thomson
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Madeline McCanne
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mark A. Randolph
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Antonia F. Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ebru Oral
- Harris Orthopaedic Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Najafi Z, Moosavi Z, Baradaran Rahimi V, Hashemitabar G, Askari VR. Evaluation of Anti-Nociceptive, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Fibrotic effects of noscapine against a rat model of Achilles tendinopathy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111704. [PMID: 38382264 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
During tendinopathy, prolonged inflammation results in fibrosis and the adherence of tendons to the adjacent tissues, causing discomfort and movement disorders. As a natural compound, noscapine has several anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of noscapine against a rat model of tendinopathy. We created a surgical rat model of Achilles tendon damage to emulate tendinopathy. Briefly, an incision was made on the Achilles tendon, and it was then sutured using an absorbable surgical thread. Immediately, the injured area was topically treated with the vehicle, noscapine (0.2, 0.6, and 1.8 mg/kg), or dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg) as a positive control. During the 19-day follow-up period, animals were assessed for weight, behavior, pain, and motor coordination testing. On day 20th, the rats were sacrificed, and the tendon tissue was isolated for macroscopic scoring, microscopic (H&E, Masson's trichrome, Ki67, p53) analyses, and cytokine secretion levels. The levels of macroscopic parameters, including thermal hyperalgesia, mechanical and cold allodynia, deterioration of motor coordination, tendon adhesion score, and microscopic indices, namely histological adhesion, vascular prominence and angiogenesis, and Ki67 and p53 levels, as well as fibrotic and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, VEGF) were significantly increased in the vehicle group compared to the sham group (P < 0.05-0.001 for all cases). In contrast, the administration of noscapine (0.2, 0.6, and 1.8 mg/kg) attenuated the pain, fibrosis, and inflammatory indices in a dose-dependent manner compared to the vehicle group (P < 0.05-0.001). Histological research indicated that noscapine 0.6 and 1.8 mg/kg had the most remarkable healing effects. Interestingly, two higher doses of noscapine had impacts similar to those of the positive control group in both clinical and paraclinical assessments. Taken together, our findings suggested that noscapine could be a promising medicine for treating tendinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Najafi
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Moosavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Hashemitabar
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Najafi Z, Rahmanian-Devin P, Baradaran Rahimi V, Nokhodchi A, Askari VR. Challenges and opportunities of medicines for treating tendon inflammation and fibrosis: A comprehensive and mechanistic review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2024:e12999. [PMID: 38468183 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendinopathy refers to conditions characterized by collagen degeneration within tendon tissue, accompanied by the proliferation of capillaries and arteries, resulting in reduced mechanical function, pain, and swelling. While inflammation in tendinopathy can play a role in preventing infection, uncontrolled inflammation can hinder tissue regeneration and lead to fibrosis and impaired movement. OBJECTIVES The inability to regulate inflammation poses a significant limitation in tendinopathy treatment. Therefore, an ideal treatment strategy should involve modulation of the inflammatory process while promoting tissue regeneration. METHODS The current review article was prepared by searching PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Several treatment approaches based on biomaterials have been developed. RESULTS This review examines various treatment methods utilizing small molecules, biological compounds, herbal medicine-inspired approaches, immunotherapy, gene therapy, cell-based therapy, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and phototherapy. CONCLUSION These treatments work through mechanisms of action involving signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), all of which contribute to the repair of injured tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Najafi
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Rahmanian-Devin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Lupin Pharmaceutical Research Center, 4006 NW 124th Ave., Coral Springs, Florida, Florida, 33065, USA
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Rosell-Díaz M, Fernández-Real JM. Metformin, Cognitive Function, and Changes in the Gut Microbiome. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:210-226. [PMID: 37603460 PMCID: PMC10911951 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The decline in cognitive function and the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders are among the most serious threats to health in old age. The prevalence of dementia has reached 50 million people worldwide and has become a major public health problem. The causes of age-related cognitive impairment are multiple, complex, and difficult to determine. However, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to an enhanced risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Human studies have shown that patients with T2D exhibit dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. This dysbiosis may contribute to the development of insulin resistance and increased plasma lipopolysaccharide concentrations. Metformin medication mimics some of the benefits of calorie restriction and physical activity, such as greater insulin sensitivity and decreased cholesterol levels, and hence may also have a positive impact on aging in humans. According to recent human investigations, metformin might partially restore gut dysbiosis related to T2D. Likewise, some studies showed that metformin reduced the risk of dementia and improved cognition, although not all studies are concordant. Therefore, this review focused on those human studies describing the effects of metformin on the gut microbiome (specifically the changes in taxonomy, function, and circulating metabolomics), the changes in cognitive function, and their possible bidirectional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisel Rosell-Díaz
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
- Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdibGi), 17007 Girona, Spain
- CIBERobn Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain
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Zhang J, Brown R, Hogan MV, Wang JHC. Mitigating Scar Tissue Formation in Tendon Injuries: Targeting HMGB1, AMPK Activation, and Myofibroblast Migration All at Once. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1739. [PMID: 38139865 PMCID: PMC10748062 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries, while prevalent, present significant challenges regarding their structural and functional restoration. Utilizing alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-Ai9-scleraxis (Scx)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice, which exhibit both Scx (a tendon cell marker) and α-SMA (a myofibroblast marker), we explored the effects of metformin (Met) on tendon healing, repair, and its mechanisms of action. Our findings revealed that intraperitoneal (IP) injections of Met, administered before or after injury, as well as both, effectively prevented the release of HMGB1 into the tendon matrix and reduced circulating levels of HMGB1. Additionally, Met treatment increased and activated AMPK and suppressed TGF-β1 levels within the healing tendon. Tendon healing was also improved by blocking the migration of α-SMA+ myofibroblasts, reducing the prevalence of disorganized collagen fibers and collagen type III. It also enhanced the presence of collagen type I. These outcomes highlight Met's anti-fibrotic properties in acutely injured tendons and suggest its potential for repurposing as a therapeutic agent to minimize scar tissue formation in tendon injuries, which could have profound implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Zhang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E-1640 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.Z.); (R.B.); (M.V.H.)
| | - Roshawn Brown
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E-1640 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.Z.); (R.B.); (M.V.H.)
| | - MaCalus V. Hogan
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E-1640 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.Z.); (R.B.); (M.V.H.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - James H-C. Wang
- MechanoBiology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, E-1640 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (J.Z.); (R.B.); (M.V.H.)
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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10
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Salama AM, Elmahy RA, Ibrahim HA, Amer AIM, Eltantawy AF, Elgendy DI. Effects of metformin on parasitological, pathological changes in the brain and liver and immunological aspects during visceral toxocariasis in mice. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:3213-3231. [PMID: 37874393 PMCID: PMC10667394 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
There are currently insufficient anthelmintic medications available for the treatment of toxocariasis. For instance, Albendazole (ABZ) is the preferred medication, but its effectiveness against tissue-dwelling parasites is limited. In addition, Metformin (MTF) is a widely used oral antidiabetic medication that is considered to be safe for treatment. This study aimed to investigate any potential effects of MTF, alone or in combination with ABZ, on mice infections caused by Toxocara canis (T. canis). The efficacy of the treatment was assessed in the acute and chronic phases of the infection by larval recovery and histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical studies. The results showed that combined therapy significantly reduced larval counts in the liver, brain, and muscles and ameliorated hepatic and brain pathology. It reduced oxidative stress and TGF-β mRNA expression and increased FGF21 levels in the liver. It decreased TNF-α levels and MMP-9 expression in the brain. In addition, it increased serum levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ and decreased serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10. In the acute and chronic phases of the infection, the combined treatment was more effective than ABZ alone. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential role of MTF as an adjuvant in the treatment of experimental T. canis infection when administered with ABZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina M Salama
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Elmahy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ibrahim
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa Fawzy Eltantawy
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Dina I Elgendy
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Malaekeh-Nikouei A, Shokri-Naei S, Karbasforoushan S, Bahari H, Baradaran Rahimi V, Heidari R, Askari VR. Metformin beyond an anti-diabetic agent: A comprehensive and mechanistic review on its effects against natural and chemical toxins. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115263. [PMID: 37541178 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In addition to the anti-diabetic effect of metformin, a growing number of studies have shown that metformin has some exciting properties, such as anti-oxidative capabilities, anticancer, genomic stability, anti-inflammation, and anti-fibrosis, which have potent, that can treat other disorders other than diabetes mellitus. We aimed to describe and review the protective and antidotal efficacy of metformin against biologicals, chemicals, natural, medications, pesticides, and radiation-induced toxicities. A comprehensive search has been performed from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases from inception to March 8, 2023. All in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies were considered. Many studies suggest that metformin affects diseases other than diabetes. It is a radioprotective and chemoprotective drug that also affects viral and bacterial diseases. It can be used against inflammation-related and apoptosis-related abnormalities and against toxins to lower their effects. Besides lowering blood sugar, metformin can attenuate the effects of toxins on body weight, inflammation, apoptosis, necrosis, caspase-3 activation, cell viability and survival rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NF-κB, TNF-α, many interleukins, lipid profile, and many enzymes activity such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. It also can reduce the histopathological damages induced by many toxins on the kidneys, liver, and colon. However, clinical trials and human studies are needed before using metformin as a therapeutic agent against other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Malaekeh-Nikouei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Shokri-Naei
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sobhan Karbasforoushan
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Bahari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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12
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Jie Li Z, Bing Luo C, Liang Wang H, Sun J, Qian Yang Q, Lang Zhou Y. Metformin suppressed tendon injury-induced adhesion via hydrogel-nanoparticle sustained-release system. Int J Pharm 2023; 642:123190. [PMID: 37391109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Tendon adhesion is one of the sequelae of tendon injury and can lead to disability in severe cases. Metformin is a commonly used antidiabetic drug. Some studies had shown that metformin could reduce tendon adhesion as well. Considering the characteristic of low absorption rate and short half-life, we established a sustained-release system, i.e., hydrogel-nanoparticle system to deliver metformin. In vitro, metformin could effectively suppress TGF-β1-induced cell proliferation and accelerate cell apoptosis, according to cell counting kit-8, flow cytometry, and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining studies. In vivo, hydrogel-nanoparticle/metformin system could significantly lower adhesion scores and improve the gliding function of repaired flexor tendons, as well as decrease the expression of fibrotic proteins Col1a1, Col3a1, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Histological staining revealed that the inflammation had subsided and that the gap between the tendon and the surrounding tissue was wider in the hydrogel-nanoparticle/metformin treatment group. Finally, we speculated that effect of metformin on reducing tendon adhesion might be achieved by regulating both Smad and MAPK-TGF-β1 signaling pathways. In conclusion, metformin delivered through hydrogel-nanoparticle sustained-release system may be a promising strategy for coping with tendon adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Jie Li
- Hand Surgery Research Center, Research Central of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Chun Bing Luo
- Hand Surgery Research Center, Research Central of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Hao Liang Wang
- Hand Surgery Research Center, Research Central of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Hand Surgery Research Center, Research Central of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Qian Qian Yang
- Hand Surgery Research Center, Research Central of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - You Lang Zhou
- Hand Surgery Research Center, Research Central of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China.
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13
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Zhang J, Qiu T, Zhou Y, Wu S, Chen E. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors-associated interstitial lung disease used in non-small cell lung cancer: a pharmacovigilance analysis based on the FDA adverse event reporting system database. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2023; 22:849-856. [PMID: 37026465 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2193392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial lung disease (ILD) was a relatively common cause of drug-induced mortality. However, the safety profile of the whole TKIs induced ILD was largely unknown. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The reported cases of ILD associated with TKIs were downloaded from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) database between 1 January 2004 and 30 April 2022 to detect ILD signals by disproportionality analysis. Furthermore, the fatality rate and time to onset (TTO) of various TKIs were also calculated. RESULTS The median age of total 2999 reported cases was 67. The largest reported cases came from osimertinib (n = 736, 24.5%). However, gefitinib had the highest ROR of 12.47 (11.4, 13.64) and IC of 3.53 (3.23, 3.86), means the strongest association with ILD. Trametinib, vemurafenib, larotectinib, selpercatinib, and cabozantinib did not show ILD signal. The median age of dead cases was 72 (Q1:62, Q3:83), and 53.02% (n = 579) were female and 41.11% (n = 449) were male. MET group showed the highest fatality rate of 55.17% with the shortest median TTO of 21 days (Q1: 8.5, Q3: 35.5). CONCLUSIONS TKIs were significantly associated with ILD. More attention should be paid to female, older, MET group with shorter TTO, as their prognosis might be worse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Regional medical center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Enguo Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Regional medical center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Kluivers KB, Lince SL, Ruiz-Zapata AM, Post WM, Cartwright R, Kerkhof MH, Widomska J, De Witte W, Pecanka J, Kiemeney LA, Vermeulen SH, Goeman JJ, Allen-Brady K, Oosterwijk E, Poelmans G. Molecular Landscape of Pelvic Organ Prolapse Provides Insights into Disease Etiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076087. [PMID: 37047060 PMCID: PMC10094264 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) represents a major health care burden in women, but its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have not been elucidated. We first used a case-control design to perform an exome chip study in 526 women with POP and 960 control women to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) associated with the disease. We then integrated the functional interactions between the POP candidate proteins derived from the exome chip study and other POP candidate molecules into a molecular landscape. We found significant associations between POP and SNVs in 54 genes. The proteins encoded by 26 of these genes fit into the molecular landscape, together with 43 other POP candidate molecules. The POP landscape is located in and around epithelial cells and fibroblasts of the urogenital tract and harbors four interacting biological processes-epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immune response, modulation of the extracellular matrix, and fibroblast function-that are regulated by sex hormones and TGFB1. Our findings were corroborated by enrichment analyses of differential gene expression data from an independent POP cohort. Lastly, based on the landscape and using vaginal fibroblasts from women with POP, we predicted and showed that metformin alters gene expression in these fibroblasts in a beneficial direction. In conclusion, our integrated molecular landscape of POP provides insights into the biological processes underlying the disease and clues towards novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten B Kluivers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabrina L Lince
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandra M Ruiz-Zapata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilke M Post
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rufus Cartwright
- Department of Gynaecology, Chelsea and Westminster NHS Foundation Trust, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Manon H Kerkhof
- Department of Gynaecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Curilion Women's Health Clinic, 2015 BJ Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna Widomska
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ward De Witte
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jakub Pecanka
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lambertus A Kiemeney
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sita H Vermeulen
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle J Goeman
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 EZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kristina Allen-Brady
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Egbert Oosterwijk
- Department of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Poelmans
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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15
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Sivamaruthi BS, Thangaleela S, Kesika P, Suganthy N, Chaiyasut C. Mesoporous Silica-Based Nanoplatforms Are Theranostic Agents for the Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020439. [PMID: 36839761 PMCID: PMC9960588 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Complete recovery from infection, sepsis, injury, or trauma requires a vigorous response called inflammation. Inflammatory responses are essential in balancing tissue homeostasis to protect the tissue or resolve harmful stimuli and initiate the healing process. Identifying pathologically important inflammatory stimuli is important for a better understanding of the immune pathways, mechanisms of inflammatory diseases and organ dysfunctions, and inflammatory biomarkers and for developing therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases. Nanoparticles are an efficient medical tool for diagnosing, preventing, and treating various diseases due to their interactions with biological molecules. Nanoparticles are unique in diagnosis and therapy in that they do not affect the surroundings or show toxicity. Modern medicine has undergone further development with nanoscale materials providing advanced experimentation, clinical use, and applications. Nanoparticle use in imaging, drug delivery, and treatment is growing rapidly owing to their spectacular accuracy, bioavailability, and cellular permeability. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) play a significant role in nano therapy with several advantages such as easy synthesis, loading, controllability, bioavailability over various surfaces, functionalization, and biocompatibility. MSNs can be used as theranostics in immune-modulatory nano systems to diagnose and treat inflammatory diseases. The application of MSNs in the preparation of drug-delivery systems has been steadily increasing in recent decades. Several preclinical studies suggest that an MSN-mediated drug-delivery system could aid in treating inflammatory diseases. This review explains the role of nanoparticles in medicine, synthesis, and functional properties of mesoporous silica nanoparticles and their therapeutic role against various inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Subramanian Thangaleela
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Natarajan Suganthy
- Bionanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Nanoscience and Technology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, India
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (C.C.)
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16
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Perrotta F, Chino V, Allocca V, D’Agnano V, Bortolotto C, Bianco A, Corsico AG, Stella GM. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer: targeting the complexity of the pharmacological interconnection. Expert Rev Respir Med 2022; 16:1043-1055. [DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2022.2145948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Perrotta
- - Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- - U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica “L. Vanvitelli”, A.O. dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vittorio Chino
- - University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- - Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentino Allocca
- - Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- - U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica “L. Vanvitelli”, A.O. dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vito D’Agnano
- - Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- - U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica “L. Vanvitelli”, A.O. dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- - Dept. of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia Medical School, Pavia, Italy
- - Department of Intensive Medicine, Unit of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Bianco
- - Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 80131, Napoli, Italy
- - U.O.C. Clinica Pneumologica “L. Vanvitelli”, A.O. dei Colli, Ospedale Monaldi, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angelo Guido Corsico
- - Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, Pavia, Italy
- - Dept. of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Stella
- - Department of Medical Sciences and Infective Diseases, Unit of Respiratory Diseases, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation and University of Pavia Medical School, Pavia, Italy
- - Dept. of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Dou Y, Zhang Y, Lin C, Han R, Wang Y, Wu D, Zheng J, Lu C, Tang L, He Y. pH-responsive theranostic nanoplatform of ferrite and ceria co-engineered nanoparticles for anti-inflammatory. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:983677. [PMID: 36159657 PMCID: PMC9500451 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.983677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple component integration to achieve both therapy and diagnosis in a single theranostic nanosystem has aroused great research interest in the medical investigator. This study aimed to construct a novel theranostic nanoplatform ferrite and ceria co-engineered mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Fe/Ce-MSN) antioxidant agent though a facile metal Fe/Ce-codoping approach in the MSN framework. The resulted Fe3+-incorporated ceria-based MSN nanoparticles possessing a higher Ce3+-to-Ce4+ ratio than those revealed by ceria-only nanoparticles. The as-prepared Fe/Ce-MSN nanoparticles exhibited an excellent efficiency in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is attributed to improving the superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics activity by increasing Ce3+ content and maintaining a higher activity of catalase (CAT) mimetics via including ferrite ion in nanoparticles. The fast Fe/Ce-MSN biodegradation, which is sensitive to the mild acidic microenvironment of inflammation, can accelerate Fe/Ce ion release, and the freed Fe ions enhanced T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the inflammation site. PEGylated Fe/Ce-MSN nanoparticles in vitro cell models significantly attenuated ROS-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in macrophages by scavenging overproduced intracellular ROS. More importantly, Fe/Ce-MSN-PEG NPs exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) levels in vitro. Additionally, it can promote the macrophages polarization of pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype towards an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Thus, the novel pH-responsive theranostic nanoplatform shows great promise for inflammation and oxidative stress-associated disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Dou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Caiyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Conghua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liling Tang, ; Yong He,
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Liling Tang, ; Yong He,
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18
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Liu X, Zhao L, Chen Y, Gao Y, Tian Q, Son JS, Chae SA, de Avila JM, Zhu MJ, Du M. Obesity induces adipose fibrosis and collagen cross-linking through suppressing AMPK and enhancing lysyl oxidase expression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166454. [PMID: 35644337 PMCID: PMC9990697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the main component of connective tissue surrounding adipocytes. Collagen cross-linking affects adipose remodeling, which is crucial for maintaining function and metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue. However, the effects of obesity on collagen cross-linking and adipose fibrosis remain to be examined. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate obesity-induced collagen cross-linking in adipose tissue and explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that obesity increased mature nonreducible collagen cross-linking in white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice, which was associated with inhibition of AMPK, up-regulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and the expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX), a key enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of mature cross-linking products. In SVCs and 3T3-L1 adipocytes, AMPK activation by metformin or AICAR inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibrogenesis and expression of LOX, which was further confirmed by ectopic expression of AMPK WT and K45R mutant. Consistently, in vivo, knocking out AMPK increased fibrosis and collagen cross-linking. Our study showed that AMPK downregulation due to obesity increases TGF-β signaling and LOX expression, which enhances adipose fibrosis and collagen cross-linking. Thus, AMPK is a therapeutic target for ameliorating the obesity-induced fibrosis, improving metabolic health of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Liang Zhao
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Yanting Chen
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Yao Gao
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Qiyu Tian
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Song Ah Chae
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Jeanene Marie de Avila
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, USA
| | - Min Du
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, USA.
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19
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Chen Q, Wang Y, Sheng L, Huang Y. Metformin suppresses proliferation and differentiation induced by BMP9 via AMPK signaling in human fetal lung fibroblast-1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:984730. [PMID: 36091775 PMCID: PMC9448853 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.984730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its activator metformin were found to be involved in the regulation of fibroblast activation and pulmonary fibrosis. However, the regulatory mechanism has been undetermined. Recently, AMPK has been reported to exert its effect through inhibiting bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway. In this study, human fetal lung fibroblast (HFL-1) cells were treated with metformin or specific AMPKα1 mutants, including constitutively activated mutant (AMPK-CA) and dominant negative mutant (AMPK-DN), combined with BMP9, and then the absorbance of these cells was measured by cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assay. The colony number of HFL-1 cells stimulated by metformin with or without BMP9 was examined by colony formation assay. The protein expressions of differentiated markers (α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I and collagen III) and the key molecules of BMP9 signaling, including activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) one and phosphorylated small mother against decapentaplegic (p-Smad)1/5, were also evaluated by western blot. Data revealed that BMP9 induced the proliferation and differentiation of HFL-1 cells which was suppressed by metformin or AMPK-CA. Meanwhile, the effect of metformin on BMP9-induced activation was counteracted by AMPK-DN. In addition, we found that the expressions of ALK1 and p-Smad1/5 induced by BMP9 were attenuated by metformin and AMPK-CA, whereas the inhibitory responses of metformin to the increased ALK1 and p-Smad1/5 were reduced by AMPK-DN. Accordingly, these results suggested that metformin mitigated BMP9-induced proliferation and differentiation of HFL-1 cells, which was achieved partly through the activation of AMPK and inhibition of ALK1/Smad1/5 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongfeng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yaqun Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linna Sheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yonghong Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghong Huang,
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20
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Zhao YP, Long Y. Pulmonary toxicity in driver gene positive non-small cell lung cancer therapy. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:1369-1378. [PMID: 35656938 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2085964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Molecular targeted therapy significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with driver gene mutations but also with new toxicity profiles. Although most patients treated with these drugs developed relatively controllable toxicity, significant pulmonary toxicity events, including interstitial lung disease, occurred in a small proportion of patients and can lead to discontinuation or even be life-threatening. Pulmonary toxicity associated with these anti-tumor drugs is a problem that cannot be ignored in clinical practice. The prompt diagnosis of drug-related lung injury and the consequent differential diagnosis with other forms of pulmonary disease are critical in the management of pulmonary toxicity. Current knowledge of the pathophysiology and management of pulmonary toxicity associated with these targeted drugs is limited, and participants should be able to identify and respond to the development of drug-induced pulmonary toxicity. This review offers information about the potential pathogenesis, risk factors and management for the development of these events based on the available literature. This review focused on pulmonary toxicities in driver gene-positive NSCLC therapy by describing the related adverse events to promote the awareness and management of this important toxicity related to antitumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Pu Zhao
- Endoscopic Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Long
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Metformin: Expanding the Scope of Application-Starting Earlier than Yesterday, Canceling Later. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042363. [PMID: 35216477 PMCID: PMC8875586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Today the area of application of metformin is expanding, and a wealth of data point to its benefits in people without carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Already in the population of people leading an unhealthy lifestyle, before the formation of obesity and prediabetes metformin smooths out the adverse effects of a high-fat diet. Being prescribed at this stage, metformin will probably be able to, if not prevent, then significantly reduce the progression of all subsequent metabolic changes. To a large extent, this review will discuss the proofs of the evidence for this. Another recent important change is a removal of a number of restrictions on its use in patients with heart failure, acute coronary syndrome and chronic kidney disease. We will discuss the reasons for these changes and present a new perspective on the role of increasing lactate in metformin therapy.
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22
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Liu C, Qian L, Vallega KA, Ma G, Zong D, Chen L, Wang S, Ramalingam SR, Qin Z, Sun SY. The novel BET degrader, QCA570, is highly active against the growth of human NSCLC cells and synergizes with osimertinib in suppressing osimertinib-resistant EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:779-792. [PMID: 35261801 PMCID: PMC8900006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide despite advances in knowledge in cancer biology and options of various targeted therapies. Efforts in identifying innovative and effective therapies are still highly appreciated. Targeting bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) proteins that function as epigenetic readers and master transcription coactivators is now a potential cancer therapeutic strategy. The current study evaluates the therapeutic efficacies of the novel BET degrader, QCA570, in lung cancer and explores its underlying mechanisms. QCA570 at low nanomolar ranges effectively decreased the survival of a panel of human lung cancer cell lines with induction of apoptosis in vitro. As expected, it potently induced degradation of BET proteins including BRD4, BRD3 and BRD2. Moreover, it potently decreased Mcl-1 levels due to transcriptional suppression and protein degradation; this event is critical for mediating apoptosis induced by QCA570. Moreover, QCA570 synergized with osimertinib in suppressing the growth of osimertinib-resistant cells in vitro and in vivo, suggesting potential in overcoming acquired resistance to osimertinib. These preclinical findings support the potential of QCA570 in treatment of lung cancer either as a single agent or in combination with others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyuan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Luxi Qian
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Karin A Vallega
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Guangzhi Ma
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Zong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luxiao Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shaomeng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Suresh R Ramalingam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Zhaohui Qin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health of Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shi-Yong Sun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Winship Cancer InstituteAtlanta, GA 30322, USA
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23
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Identifying potential novel insights for COVID-19 pathogenesis and therapeutics using an integrated bioinformatics analysis of host transcriptome. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:770-780. [PMID: 34826456 PMCID: PMC8610562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of COVID-19 have not been fully discovered. This study aims to decipher potentially hidden parts of the pathogenesis of COVID-19, potential novel drug targets, and identify potential drug candidates. Two gene expression profiles were analyzed, and overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected for which top enriched transcription factors and kinases were identified, and pathway analysis was performed. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) of DEGs was constructed, hub genes were identified, and module analysis was also performed. DGIdb database was used to identify drugs for the potential targets (hub genes and the most enriched transcription factors and kinases for DEGs). A drug-potential target network was constructed, and drugs were ranked according to the degree. L1000FDW was used to identify drugs that can reverse transcriptional profiles of COVID-19. We identified drugs currently in clinical trials, others predicted by different methods, and novel potential drug candidates Entrectinib, Omeprazole, and Exemestane for combating COVID-19. Besides the well-known pathogenic pathways, it was found that axon guidance is a potential pathogenic pathway. Sema7A, which may exacerbate hypercytokinemia, is considered a potential novel drug target. Another potential novel pathway is related to TINF2 overexpression, which may induce potential telomere dysfunction and damage DNA that may exacerbate lung fibrosis. This study identified new potential insights regarding COVID-19 pathogenesis and treatment, which might help us improve our understanding of the mechanisms of COVID-19.
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24
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Aoshima Y, Enomoto Y, Fukada A, Kurita Y, Matsushima S, Meguro S, Kosugi I, Kawasaki H, Katsura H, Fujisawa T, Enomoto N, Nakamura Y, Inui N, Suda T, Iwashita T. Metformin reduces pleural fibroelastosis by inhibition of extracellular matrix production induced by CD90-positive myofibroblasts. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12318-12337. [PMID: 34956455 PMCID: PMC8661163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metformin, an AMP-activated protein kinase activator used to treat diabetes mellitus, has recently attracted attention as a promising anti-fibrotic agent. However, its anti-fibrotic effects on pleural fibroelastosis remain unknown. We induced mouse pleural fibroelastosis by intra-pleural coadministration of bleomycin and carbon and evaluated its validity as a preclinical model for human pleural fibrosis. We assessed the expression of the myofibroblast surface marker CD90 in the fibrotic pleura and the effects of metformin in vivo and in vitro. Finally, we evaluated the effects of metformin on human pleural mesothelial cells stimulated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). The fibrotic pleura in mice had collagen and elastin fiber deposition similar to that seen in human fibrotic pleura. Moreover, CD90-positive myofibroblasts were detected in and successfully isolated from the fibrotic pleura. Metformin significantly suppressed the deposition of collagen and elastic fibers in the fibrotic pleura and decreased the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes, including Col1a1, Col3a1, Fn1, and Eln, in pleural CD90-positive myofibroblasts. In human pleural mesothelial cells, metformin decreased TGFβ1-induced upregulation of ECM-related genes and SNAI1. Overall, metformin suppresses pleural fibroelastosis by inhibition of ECM production by pleural myofibroblasts, suggesting that this drug has therapeutic potential against human pleural fibrosis, including pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Aoshima
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yasunori Enomoto
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR)Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Atsuki Fukada
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurita
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Sayomi Matsushima
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Shiori Meguro
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Isao Kosugi
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Preeminent Medical Photonics Education and Research Center Institute for NanoSuit Research, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Katsura
- Laboratory for Lung Development and Regeneration, Riken Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR)Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Enomoto
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yutaro Nakamura
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Naoki Inui
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takafumi Suda
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Toshihide Iwashita
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of MedicineShizuoka 431-3192, Japan
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25
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Gu X, Han YY, Yang CY, Ji HM, Lan YJ, Bi YQ, Zheng C, Qu J, Cheng MH, Gao J. Activated AMPK by metformin protects against fibroblast proliferation during pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing FOXM1. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105844. [PMID: 34450310 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and devastating lung disease of unknown etiology, excessive fibroblast proliferation serves as a key event to promote PF. Transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is not only a well-known proto-oncogene, but also an essential driver of cell proliferation. Recently, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is reported to reduce the incidence of PF. However, it remains elusive whether have an underlying relationship between AMPK and FOXM1 in fibroblast proliferation-mediated PF. Here, the progression of lung fibroblast proliferation and the expression levels of AMPK and FOXM1 were observed by intratracheally instilled of bleomycin (BLM) and intraperitoneal injection of metformin in C57BL/6 J mice. Meanwhile, human fetal lung fibroblast1 (HFL1) cells were respectively treated with AMPK activator metformin or AMPK inhibitor Compound C, or FOXM1 depletion by transfected small interfering RNA (siRNA) to unveil roles of AMPK, FOXM1 and the link between them on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced fibroblast proliferation. Our results demonstrated that AMPK activated by metformin could down-regulate FOXM1 and alleviate BLM-induced mouse PF model. In vitro, activation of AMPK attenuated PDGF-induced fibroblast proliferation accompanied by the down-regulation of FOXM1. In contrast, inhibition of AMPK enhanced PDGF-induced fibroblast proliferation along with activating FOXM1. These findings suggest that AMPK can ameliorate the progression of fibroblast proliferation during PF via suppressing the expression of FOXM1 and provide new insight into seek PF treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Gu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China; 3201 Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000, China
| | - Yong-Yue Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Chong-Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Hui-Min Ji
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yue-Jiao Lan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Yu-Qian Bi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Jiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, China
| | - Ming-Han Cheng
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China.
| | - Jian Gao
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200120, China.
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26
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Effect of metformin treatment and its time of administration on joint capsular fibrosis induced by mouse knee immobilization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17978. [PMID: 34504209 PMCID: PMC8429753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Joint contracture leads to major patient discomfort. Metformin, one of the most extensively used oral drugs against type 2 diabetes has recently been found to suppress tissue fibrosis as well. However, its role in suppressing tissue fibrosis in joint contractures remains unknown. In this study, we examined the role of metformin treatment in suppressing joint capsular fibrosis and the most effective time of its administration. Joint capsular fibrosis was induced by immobilizing the knee joints of mice using splints and tapes. Metformin was administered intraperitoneally every alternate day after immobilization. Histological and immunohistochemical changes and expression of fibrosis-related genes were evaluated. Metformin treatment significantly suppressed fibrosis in joint capsules based on histological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Joint capsular tissue from metformin-treated mice also showed decreased expression of fibrosis-related genes. Early, but not late, metformin administration showed the same effect on fibrosis suppression in joint capsule as the whole treatment period. The expression of fibrosis-related genes was most suppressed in mice administered with metformin early. These studies demonstrated that metformin treatment can suppress joint capsular fibrosis and the most effective time to administer it is early after joint immobilization; a delay of more than 2 weeks of administration is less effective.
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27
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Hurley DJ, Irnaten M, O’Brien C. Metformin and Glaucoma-Review of Anti-Fibrotic Processes and Bioenergetics. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082131. [PMID: 34440899 PMCID: PMC8394782 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. With an aging population, disease incidence will rise with an enormous societal and economic burden. The treatment strategy revolves around targeting intraocular pressure, the principle modifiable risk factor, to slow progression of disease. However, there is a clear unmet clinical need to find a novel therapeutic approach that targets and halts the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration that occurs with fibrosis. RGCs are highly sensitive to metabolic fluctuations as a result of multiple stressors and thus their viability depends on healthy mitochondrial functioning. Metformin, known for its use in type 2 diabetes, has come to the forefront of medical research in multiple organ systems. Its use was recently associated with a 25% reduced risk of glaucoma in a large population study. Here, we discuss its application to glaucoma therapy, highlighting its effect on fibrotic signalling pathways, mitochondrial bioenergetics and NAD oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daire J. Hurley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
| | - Colm O’Brien
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles Street, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland; (M.I.); (C.O.)
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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28
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Han S, Chandel NS. Lessons from Cancer Metabolism for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:134-145. [PMID: 33844936 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0550tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism is essential for a living organism to sustain life. It provides energy to a cell by breaking down compounds (catabolism) and supplies building blocks for the synthesis of macromolecules (anabolism). Signal transduction pathways tightly regulate mammalian cellular metabolism. Simultaneously, metabolism itself serves as a signaling pathway to control many cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, cell death, gene expression, and adaptation to stress. Considerable progress in the metabolism field has come from understanding how cancer cells co-opt metabolic pathways for growth and survival. Recent data also show that several metabolic pathways may participate in the pathogenesis of lung diseases, some of which could be promising therapeutic targets. In this translational review, we will outline the basic metabolic principles learned from the cancer metabolism field as they apply to the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension and fibrosis and will place an emphasis on therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- SeungHye Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, and.,Department Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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29
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Khater SI, Mohamed AAR, Arisha AH, Ebraheim LLM, El-Mandrawy SAM, Nassan MA, Mohammed AT, Abdo SA. Stabilized-chitosan selenium nanoparticles efficiently reduce renal tissue injury and regulate the expression pattern of aldose reductase in the diabetic-nephropathy rat model. Life Sci 2021; 279:119674. [PMID: 34081992 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
One of the global alarming prevalent metabolic diseases is Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than other diabetes and sustains a substantial burden on public and healthcare systems. This study attempts to endeavor the beneficial effect of chitosan stabilized nanoparticles Ch-SeNPs on combating diabetic nephropathy (DN) after induction of T2DM in rats (DN.STZ-induced T2D). High-fat diet (HFD) and STZ were used for the induction of T2DM in rats, and then they were treated with either metformin alone (MEF) (500 mg/kg b.wt.) or combined with (Ch-SeNPs) (2 mg Se/kg b.wt.) for eight weeks. The microvascular complications in renal tissue of diabetic rats were pronounced by the prevalence of microalbuminuria and elevated levels of urea, creatinine, and BUN. Pronounced oxidative stress with enhanced inflammatory response. In the urine of diabetic rats, a marked increase in Kim 1, β2-microglobulin, and urinary albumin. Renal morphological alterations were observed in all groups upon induction of T2DM, except for the Ch-SeNPs/MEF group showed noticeable improvements. The expression levels of Aldo-keto reductase AKr1B1, profibrotic protein transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), nestin, desmin, and vimentin, were up-regulated in the diabetic group. Significant down-regulation of their expression and restored antioxidant capacity was observed in the combined-treated group than single treated ones. Ch-SeNPs helped limit the prevalence of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β while used after T2DM induction by STZ and HFD. Ch-SeNPs/MEF co-therapy could effectively guard the kidneys and reduce the renal tissue injury via inhibiting oxidative stress and restoring glucose hemostasis, which indicates a promising line for treating T2DM nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa I Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed Hamed Arisha
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11865, Egypt; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa L M Ebraheim
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Shefaa A M El-Mandrawy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amany Tharwat Mohammed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Zagazig University, Zagazig 4511, Egypt.
| | - Samar Ahmed Abdo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 4511, Egypt
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30
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Wang G, Xu M, Xie M. [Research Advance in Anti-lung Cancer Mechanism of Metformin]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2021; 23:282-285. [PMID: 32316716 PMCID: PMC7210087 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2020.102.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
二甲双胍作为治疗2型糖尿病的一线用药,安全性及有效性得到证实。近年来流行病学研究发现二甲双胍具有抑制肺癌细胞增殖及转移等特性,有望成为一种新的抗肺癌药物。肺癌是一种严重危害人类健康的疾病,其发病率和死亡率一直居所有恶性肿瘤之首,且预后差。近年来大量证据表明二甲双胍能降低肺癌等肿瘤的发病风险及死亡率,其机制主要包括激活单磷酸腺苷活化的蛋白激酶通路、改善高胰岛素血症及胰岛素抵抗、促进肺癌细胞凋亡、抑制相关炎症反应等。本文就二甲双胍对肺癌的研究做一综述。
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Meiqing Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Mingran Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230001, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
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31
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Liang Y, Gao HX, Tian RC, Wang J, Shan YH, Zhang L, Xie CJ, Li JJ, Xu M, Gu S. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor successfully treated with metformin: A case report and review of literature. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:429-435. [PMID: 33521112 PMCID: PMC7812890 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i2.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a distinct tumor with a low incidence rate, which can be diagnosed at any age with a predilection for children and adolescents. Although IMT is visible in any tissues and organs, it is more commonly found in the lungs. The clinical and radiological manifestations of IMT lack specificity, hence resulting in frequent misdiagnosis. Surgical resection is currently the main therapeutic approach for IMT. Only scarce cases of IMT treated with metformin have been reported. Here we report the case of an IMT patient with partial penile resection treated with metformin.
CASE SUMMARY A 1-year-old boy was born with a shorter penis, and his foreskin could not be completely turned over. When he was 6 month old, a well-circumscribed mass on the glans was found, while it did not attract the attention of his parents. The mass gradually increased in size over time before he was admitted to the hospital, where physical examination was performed. It was revealed that the glans hidden behind the foreskin had a mass with a diameter of about 4 cm surrounding the penis. The mass appeared to be hard with a smooth surface and poor mobility. The two testicles examined at the bottom of the scrotum were revealed to have a normal size. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor with rich blood supply encircling the cavernosum with a size of 3.5 cm × 2.1 cm × 2.0 cm. A thick urinary line was found without urine dripping, urgency, and urodynia. Surgical treatment was performed. During the operation, it was observed that the mass had surrounded and invaded the cavernosum without obvious boundaries, and that the tumor occupied about one-half of the penis cross-section as well as infiltrated more than one-half of the glans. In addition, the tumor had caused urethral invasion and anterior urethrostenosis. With the intention of keeping the glans and cavernosum, the tumor at the anterior urethra was partially removed, leaving about 30% of the tumor mass. Pathology analysis demonstrated that the tumor was rich in spindle cells with infiltration of inflammatory cells. Immuno-histochemistry analysis indicated that the cells were positive for CD4, CD99, Ki67, BCL2, and CD68, and negative for ALK, MyoG, S100, SOX10, PR, and EMA. Hence, the tumor was diagnosed as IMT. Metformin was prescribed for the patient after the operation, following which an oral dose of 7 mg/kg was given three times a day after meals. Three months later, it was observed that the remaining tumor had completely disappeared and that the urination process from the urethra opening had resumed normal. In addition, there were no side effects observed. There was also no tumor recurrence. The growth and development of the boy were unaffected as a result of the treatment.
CONCLUSION The tumor was observed to have completely disappeared after treatment with metformin. Our finding is of great significance to facilitate future clinical treatment with IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Hong-Xiang Gao
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Rui-Cheng Tian
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yu-Hua Shan
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Chen-Jie Xie
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Song Gu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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Molecular and Clinical Features of EGFR-TKI-Associated Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020792. [PMID: 33466795 PMCID: PMC7829873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) plays critical roles in cell proliferation, regeneration, tumorigenesis, and anticancer resistance. Non-small-cell lung cancer patients who responded to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and obtained survival benefits had somatic EGFR mutations. EGFR-TKI-related adverse events (AEs) are usually tolerable and manageable, although serious AEs, including lung injury (specifically, interstitial lung disease (ILD), causing 58% of EGFR-TKI treatment-related deaths), occur infrequently. The etiopathogenesis of EGFR-TKI-induced ILD remains unknown. Risk factors, such as tobacco exposure, pre-existing lung fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and poor performance status, indicate that lung inflammatory circumstances may worsen with EGFR-TKI treatment because of impaired epithelial healing of lung injuries. There is limited evidence from preclinical and clinical studies of the mechanisms underlying EGFR-TKI-induced ILD in the available literature. Herein, we evaluated the relationship between EGFR-TKIs and AEs, especially ILD. Recent reports on mechanisms inducing lung injury or resistance in cytokine-rich circumstances were reviewed. We discussed the relevance of cytotoxic agents or immunotherapeutic agents in combination with EGFR-TKIs as a potential mechanism of EGFR-TKI-related lung injury and reviewed recent developments in diagnostics and therapeutics that facilitate recovery from lung injury or overcoming resistance to anti-EGFR treatment.
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Yang X, Huang M, Zhang Q, Chen J, Li J, Han Q, Zhang L, Li J, Liu S, Ma Y, Li L, Yang L, Zou S, Han B. Metformin Antagonizes Ovarian Cancer Cells Malignancy Through MSLN Mediated IL-6/STAT3 Signaling. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211027819. [PMID: 34238029 PMCID: PMC8274104 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211027819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, and chemotherapy remains the cornerstone for ovarian cancer management. Due to the unsatisfactory prognosis, a better understanding of the underlying molecular carcinogenesis is urgently required. METHODS Assays for determining cell growth, cell motility, and apoptosis were employed to evaluate the potential antitumor effects of metformin against ovarian cancer cells. Molecular biological methods were employed to explore the underlying mechanism. Human ovarian cancer samples and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) dataset were used for uncovering the clinical significances of mesothelin (MSLN) on ovarian cancer. RESULTS In the present work, we found that metformin treatment led to cell growth and cell migration inhibition, and induced cell apoptosis. Metformin administration also impaired cancer cell stemness and the capillary-like structure formation capacity of SKOV3 cells. On mechanism, metformin treatment remarkably reduced mesothelin (MSLN) expression, downregulated IL-6/STAT3 signaling activity, subsequently resulted in VEGF and TGFβ1 expression. We also observed an oncogenic function of MSLN on ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings suggested that metformin exerts anticancer effects by suppressing ovarian cancer cell malignancy, which attributed to MSLN inhibition mediated IL6/STAT3 signaling and VEGF and TGFβ1 downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - JiaQi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - YuLan Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - SiYing Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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Wu M, Xu H, Liu J, Tan X, Wan S, Guo M, Long Y, Xu Y. Metformin and Fibrosis: A Review of Existing Evidence and Mechanisms. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:6673525. [PMID: 34007848 PMCID: PMC8102119 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6673525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a physiological response to organ injury and is characterized by the excessive deposition of connective tissue components in an organ, which results in the disruption of physiological architecture and organ remodeling, ultimately leading to organ failure and death. Fibrosis in the lung, kidney, and liver accounts for a substantial proportion of the global burden of disability and mortality. To date, there are no effective therapeutic strategies for controlling fibrosis. A class of metabolically targeted chemicals, such as adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, shows strong potential in fighting fibrosis. Metformin, which is a potent AMPK activator and is the only recommended first-line drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has emerged as a promising method of fibrosis reduction or reversion. In this review, we first summarize the key experimental and clinical studies that have specifically investigated the effects of metformin on organ fibrosis. Then, we discuss the mechanisms involved in mediating the antifibrotic effects of metformin in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
| | - Huiwen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
| | - Xiaozhen Tan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
| | - Shengrong Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
| | - Man Guo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China 646000
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Chogan F, Mirmajidi T, Rezayan AH, Sharifi AM, Ghahary A, Nourmohammadi J, Kamali A, Rahaie M. Design, fabrication, and optimization of a dual function three-layer scaffold for controlled release of metformin hydrochloride to alleviate fibrosis and accelerate wound healing. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:144-163. [PMID: 32590170 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal wound healing caused by the over-expression of collagen and fibronectin leads to fibrosis, the major complication of all treatment modalities. A three-layer nanofiber scaffold was designed, optimized, and fabricated. This scaffold comprised two supportive polycaprolactone (PCL)-chitosan layers on the sides and a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-metformin hydrochloride (metformin-HCl) in the middle. The physico-chemical properties of scaffold, such as mechanical characteristics, degradation, swelling, and in-vitro drug release, were evaluated. The biological tests, including cell viability in response to metformin-HCl and Tween 80, scaffold biocompatibility, cell attachment, and antibacterial activity, were further conducted. The wound healing effect of scaffold loaded with metformin-HCl (MSc+Met) was assessed in donut-shaped silicone splints in rats. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation as well as mRNA expression levels of fibrosis markers were also studied. SEM images indicated a uniform, bead-less morphology and high porosity. Surface modification of scaffold by Tween 80 improved the surface hydrophilicity and enhanced the adhesion and proliferation of fibroblasts. The scar area on day 15 in MSc+Met was significantly lower than that of other groups. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation revealed that group MSc+Met was the best, having significantly lower inflammation, higher angiogenesis, the smallest scar width and depth, maximum epitheliogenesis score, and the most optimal modulation of collagen density. Local administration of metformin-HCl substantially down-regulated the expression of fibrosis-involved genes: transforming growth factor (TGF-β1), collagen type 1 (Col-I), fibronectin, collagen type 3 (Col-III), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Inhibiting these genes alleviates scar formation but delays wound healing; thus, an engineered scaffold was used to prevent delay in wound healing. These results provided evidence for the first time to introduce an anti-fibrogenic slow-releasing scaffold, which acts in a dual role, both alleviating fibrosis and accelerating wound healing.
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36
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Luo S, Gong J, Cao X, Liu S. Ligustilide modulates oxidative stress, apoptosis, and immunity to avoid pathological damages in bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis rats via inactivating TLR4/MyD88/NF-KB P65. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:931. [PMID: 32953731 PMCID: PMC7475441 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal disease with increasing incidence. Ligustilide (LIG) has been shown to inhibit oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. Here we investigated the possible effect of LIG on bleomycin-induced PF in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods PF rats were set up through a single endotracheal injection of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). Then rats were treated with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg LIG for four weeks, and the effects were estimated. Results Overall, LIG significantly improved ventilation and reduced hyperplasia, and treatment of LIG reduced fibrosis as indicated by Masson staining and reduced expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), Fibronectin, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Oxidative stress was induced with bleomycin while inhibited with LIG, as showed with rebalanced serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Apoptosis was further inhibited with LIG, as shown with Terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining and expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bax, and Bcl-2. Th1/Th2 balance was also rebuilt as evaluated with CD4 and IFNγ/IL-4 labeled flow cytometry of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and IL-10 in the serum and lung. Protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), HSP60-TLR4-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p-P65/P65 was significantly reduced with LIG treatment. All the effects of LIG exhibited in a dose-dependent way. Conclusions LIG improved bleomycin-induced PF with improved ventilation, reduced fibroblast, reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and rebalanced Th1/Th2 immunity, through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB P65 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Luo
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Junzuo Gong
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaoping Cao
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shiping Liu
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Fang Y, Li F, Qi C, Mao X, Wang F, Zhao Z, Chen JK, Zhang Z, Wu H. Metformin effectively treats Tsc1 deletion-caused kidney pathology by upregulating AMPK phosphorylation. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:52. [PMID: 32566257 PMCID: PMC7295815 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-0285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is characterized by hamartomatous lesions in multiple organs, with most patients developing polycystic kidney disease and leading to a decline of renal function. TSC is caused by loss-of-function mutations in either Tsc1 or Tsc2 gene, but currently, there is no effective treatment for aberrant kidney growth in TSC patients. By generating a renal proximal tubule-specific Tsc1 gene-knockout (Tsc1 ptKO) mouse model, we observed that Tsc1 ptKO mice developed aberrantly enlarged kidneys primarily due to hypertrophy and proliferation of proximal tubule cells, along with some cystogenesis, interstitial inflammation, and fibrosis. Mechanistic studies revealed inhibition of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation at Thr-172 and activation of Akt phosphorylation at Ser-473 and Thr-308. We therefore treated Tsc1 ptKO mice with the AMPK activator, metformin, by daily intraperitoneal injection. Our results indicated that metformin increased the AMPK phosphorylation, but decreased the Akt phosphorylation. These signaling modulations resulted in inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in the renal proximal tubule cells of Tsc1 ptKO mice. Importantly, metformin treatment effectively prevented aberrant kidney enlargement and cyst growth, inhibited inflammatory response, attenuated interstitial fibrosis, and protected renal function. The effects of metformin were further confirmed by in vitro experiments. In conclusion, this study indicates a potential therapeutic effect of metformin on Tsc1 deletion-induced kidney pathology, although currently metformin is primarily prescribed to treat patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Fang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Chenyang Qi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Xing Mao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai 6th People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Zhonghua Zhao
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Jian-Kang Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912 USA
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
| | - Huijuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 PR China
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Sano M, Hirakawa S, Suzuki M, Sakabe JI, Ogawa M, Yamamoto S, Hiraide T, Sasaki T, Yamamoto N, Inuzuka K, Tanaka H, Saito T, Sugisawa R, Katahashi K, Yata T, Kayama T, Urano T, Tokura Y, Sato K, Setou M, Takeuchi H, Konno H, Unno N. Potential role of transforming growth factor-beta 1/Smad signaling in secondary lymphedema after cancer surgery. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2620-2634. [PMID: 32412154 PMCID: PMC7385355 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary lymphedema often develops after cancer surgery, and over 250 million patients suffer from this complication. A major symptom of secondary lymphedema is swelling with fibrosis, which lowers the patient's quality of life, even if cancer does not recur. Nonetheless, the pathophysiology of secondary lymphedema remains unclear, with therapeutic approaches limited to physical or surgical therapy. There is no effective pharmacological therapy for secondary lymphedema. Notably, the lack of animal models that accurately mimic human secondary lymphedema has hindered pathophysiological investigations of the disease. Here, we developed a novel rat hindlimb model of secondary lymphedema and showed that our rat model mimics human secondary lymphedema from early to late stages in terms of cell proliferation, lymphatic fluid accumulation, and skin fibrosis. Using our animal model, we investigated the disease progression and found that transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGFB1) was produced by macrophages in the acute phase and by fibroblasts in the chronic phase of the disease. TGFB1 promoted the transition of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and accelerated collagen synthesis, resulting in fibrosis, which further indicates that myofibroblasts and TGFB1/Smad signaling play key roles in fibrotic diseases. Furthermore, the presence of myofibroblasts in skin samples from lymphedema patients after cancer surgery emphasizes the role of these cells in promoting fibrosis. Suppression of myofibroblast‐dependent TGFB1 production may therefore represent an effective pharmacological treatment for inhibiting skin fibrosis in human secondary lymphedema after cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Sano
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hirakawa
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Minoru Suzuki
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sakabe
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biopharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamamoto
- Department of Innovative Medical Photonics, Applied Medical Photonics Laboratory, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takanori Hiraide
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamamoto
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inuzuka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takaaki Saito
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Ryota Sugisawa
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kazuto Katahashi
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yata
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kayama
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tetsumei Urano
- Department of Medical Physiology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tokura
- Department of Dermatology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Kohji Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Setou
- Department of Systems Molecular Anatomy, Basic Medical Photonics Laboratory, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Konno
- Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Naoki Unno
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.,Second Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Metformin attenuates TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of transglutaminase 2 and subsequent TGF-β pathways. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:287. [PMID: 32550106 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02278-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to confirm whether metformin can attenuate TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and subsequent TGF-β pathways. In vitro, MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay were performed to determine the effect of metformin on the proliferation and apoptosis of human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1 cell). Protein expression of TG2, Collagen I (Col I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were determined by western blot. To further confirm the relationship between TG2 and the anti-fibrotic effect of metformin, TG2 siRNA and TG2 overexpression plasmid were used to interfere the expression of TG2. A bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model was employed to determine the in vivo inhibitory effect of metformin. The concentrations of TG2, both in supernatants of cells and serum of rats, were determined by ELISA assay. Our results showed that metformin concentration-dependently inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of TGF-β1-stimulated HFL-1 cells. The protein expressions of TG2, Col I and α-SMA stimulated by TGF-β1 were decreased after metformin intervention, which was confirmed in both siRNAs and plasmids treatment conditions. In vivo, metformin attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis as demonstrated by H&E and Masson staining, as well as the protein expressions of Col I and α-SMA. Besides, phosphorylated SMAD2, phosphorylated SMAD3, phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated ERK1/2 were all significantly increased after bleomycin treatment and decreased to normal levels after metformin intervention. Taken together, our results demonstrated that metformin can attenuate TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis, at least partly, through inhibition of TG2 and subsequent TGF-β pathways.
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Yin ZF, Wei YL, Wang X, Wang LN, Li X. Buyang Huanwu Tang inhibits cellular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting TGF-β1 activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in pulmonary fibrosis model in vitro. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:13. [PMID: 32020862 PMCID: PMC7076841 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease. Buyang Huanwu Tang (BYHWT), a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been widely utilized for the treatment of PF in China. This present study aimed to explore the mechanism of BYHWT in the treatment of PF in vitro. Methods TGF-β1 stimulated human alveolar epithelial A549 cells were used as in vitro model for PF. Post the treatment of BYHWT, cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and cell morphology was observed under microscope. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers (E-cadherin, Vimentin) and collagen I (Col I) were detected by western blot, immunofluorescence staining and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. With the co-administration of activators (IGF-1, SC79) and inhibitors (LY294002, MK2206), the effect of BYHWT on PI3K/Akt pathway was analyzed by western blot. Results BYHWT inhibited cell growth, and prevented cell morphology changed from epithelial to fibroblasts in TGF-β1 induced A549 cells. BYHWT decreased Vimentin and Col I, while increased E-cadherin at both protein and mRNA levels. Moreover, phosphorylation of PI3K (p-PI3K) and phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt) were significantly down-regulated by BYHWT in TGF-β1 stimulated A549 cells. Conclusion These results indicate that BYHWT suppressed TGF-β1-induced collagen accumulation and EMT of A549 cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings suggest that BYHWT may have potential for the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fei Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yang-Lin Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.358 Datong Road, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, No.168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Kinoshita S, Hosomi K, Yokoyama S, Takada M. Inverse Association between Metformin and Amiodarone-Associated Extracardiac Adverse Events. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:302-309. [PMID: 32132864 PMCID: PMC7053347 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between metformin and amiodarone-induced adverse events was examined using spontaneous adverse event database. Additionally, the association between other antidiabetic drugs and amiodarone-induced adverse events were also examined. Methods: A total of 6,153,696 reports from the first quarter of 2004 through the fourth quarter of 2015 were downloaded from the US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system. Reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) were used to detect associations between antidiabetic drugs and amiodarone-associated adverse events. Additionally, subset data analysis was performed to investigate whether the use of antidiabetic drugs further increased or decreased the risk of adverse events in patients receiving amiodarone therapy. Next, the RORs were adjusted for coadministered antidiabetic drugs using logistic regression analysis. Results: By whole dataset analysis, significant inverse associations were found between metformin and interstitial lung disease (ROR 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.79-0.90; IC -0.24, 95% CI -0.33 to -0.15). In the subset data analysis, metformin (ROR 0.62, 95%CI 0.43-0.89; IC -0.63, 95%CI -1.14 to -0.11), sulfonylureas (ROR 0.53, 95%CI 0.32-0.85; IC -0.85, 95%CI -1.53 to -0.17), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (ROR 0.25, 95%CI 0.08-0.78; IC -1.66, 95%CI -3.08 to -0.23) were inversely associated with hyperthyroidism. Additionally, metformin (ROR 0.43, 95%CI 0.33-0.57; IC -1.09, 95%CI -1.49 to -0.69), sulfonylureas (ROR 0.64, 95%CI 0.48-0.86; IC -0.59, 95%CI -1.00 to -0.17), and DPP-4 inhibitors (ROR 0.47, 95%CI 0.27-0.81; IC -0.99, 95%CI -1.76 to -0.22) were inversely associated with interstitial lung disease. In the logistic regression analyses, DPP-4 inhibitors (adjusted ROR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10-1.00) and metformin (adjusted ROR 0.46, 95% CI 0.34-0.62) were inversely associated with amiodarone-associated hyperthyroidism and interstitial lung disease, respectively. Conclusion: Metformin is a candidate drug to reduce the risk of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism and interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoko Kinoshita
- Ebisu Pharmacy, 2-7-24, Motomachi, Naniwa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouichi Hosomi
- Division of Clinical Drug Informatics, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokoyama
- Division of Clinical Drug Informatics, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Takada
- Division of Clinical Drug Informatics, School of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1, Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
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Li RS, Xu GH, Cao J, Liu B, Xie HF, Ishii Y, Zhang CF. Alpha-Mangostin Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice Partly Through Activating Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1305. [PMID: 31798444 PMCID: PMC6863977 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease and characterized by an abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Nintedanib (NDN) and pirfenidone are two approved therapies for PF, but their potential side-effects have been reported. Recently, the use of natural supplements for PF is attracting attention. Alpha-mangostin (α-MG) is an active xanthone-type compound isolated from the nutritious fruit mangosteen. Purpose: In the present study, the potential effect and underlying mechanism of α-MG were evaluated in bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF and activated primary lung fibroblasts (PLFs). Methods: Histopathological changes and collagen deposition were analyzed via hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining, the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-4 (NOX4) involved in oxidative stress in lung tissues was analyzed by immunochemistry staining. The expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I (Col I), p-adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/AMPK, and NOX4 were detected by Western blot, immunofluorescence or RT-PCR, and effects of α-MG on cell viability were detected using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide. Results:In vivo results demonstrated that α-MG treatment (10 mg/kg/day) significantly ameliorated BLM-induced deposition of ECM in lung tissues. Moreover, α-MG could inhibit protein expressions of α-SMA and Col I as well as its mRNA levels. In addition, α-MG also significantly inhibited transforming growth factor-β1/Smad2/3 pathway and regulated the protein expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in lung tissues. In vitro results demonstrated that α-MG significantly increased p-AMPK/AMPK but reduced the protein expression level of α-SMA and Col I as well as NOX4 in activated PLFs. Further study demonstrated that these improvement effects were significantly blocked by compound C. Conclusion: α-MG treatment significantly decreased oxidative stress in lungs partly by activating AMPK mediated signaling pathway in BLM-induced PF and activated PLFs and decreased the deposition of ECM. The present study provides pharmacological evidence to support therapeutic application of α-MG in the treatment of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Shi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gong-Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Feng Xie
- Research and Development Department, Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Yuji Ishii
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chao-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Sino-Jan Joint Lab of Natural Health Products Research, School of Traditional Chinese Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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He Y, Zhou C. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors interstitial pneumonitis: diagnosis and management. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2019; 8:S318-S320. [PMID: 31857955 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr.2019.05.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, China
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Wang W, Zha G, Zou JJ, Wang X, Li CN, Wu XJ. Berberine Attenuates Cigarette Smoke Extract-induced Airway Inflammation in Mice: Involvement of TGF-β1/Smads Signaling Pathway. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:748-753. [PMID: 31612392 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although several studies confirmed that berberine may attenuate airway inflammation in mice with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its underlying mechanisms were not clear until now. We aimed to establish an experiment mouse model for COPD and to investigate the effects of berberine on airway inflammation and its possible mechanism in COPD model mice induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Twenty SPF C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into PBS control group, COPD model group, low-dose berberine group and high-dose berberine group, 5 mice in each group. The neutrophils and macrophages were examined by Wright's staining. The levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression levels of TGF-β1, Smad2 and Smad3 mRNA and proteins in lung tissues were respectively detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. It was found that CSE increased the number of inflammation cells in BALF, elevated lung inflammation scores, and enhanced the TGF-β1/Smads signaling activity in mice. High-dose berberine restrained the alterations in the COPD mice induced by CSE. It was concluded that high-dose berberine ameliorated CSE-induced airway inflammation in COPD mice. TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway might be involved in the mechanism. These findings suggested a therapeutic potential of high-dose berberine on the CSE-induced airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Gan Zha
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Jin-Jing Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Chun-Nian Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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Wan Q, Chen H, Xiong G, Jiao R, Liu Y, Li X, Sun Y, Wang J, Yan L. Artesunate protects against surgery-induced knee arthrofibrosis by activating Beclin-1-mediated autophagy via inhibition of mTOR signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 854:149-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Yoshida GJ, Azuma A, Miura Y, Orimo A. Activated Fibroblast Program Orchestrates Tumor Initiation and Progression; Molecular Mechanisms and the Associated Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092256. [PMID: 31067787 PMCID: PMC6539414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
: Neoplastic epithelial cells coexist in carcinomas with various non-neoplastic stromal cells, together creating the tumor microenvironment. There is a growing interest in the cross-talk between tumor cells and stromal fibroblasts referred to as carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are frequently present in human carcinomas. CAF populations extracted from different human carcinomas have been shown to possess the ability to influence the hallmarks of cancer. Indeed, several mechanisms underlying CAF-promoted tumorigenesis are elucidated. Activated fibroblasts in CAFs are characterized as alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive myofibroblasts and actin-negative fibroblasts, both of which are competent to support tumor growth and progression. There are, however, heterogeneous CAF populations presumably due to the diverse sources of their progenitors in the tumor-associated stroma. Thus, molecular markers allowing identification of bona fide CAF populations with tumor-promoting traits remain under investigation. CAFs and myofibroblasts in wound healing and fibrosis share biological properties and support epithelial cell growth, not only by remodeling the extracellular matrix, but also by producing numerous growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Notably, accumulating evidence strongly suggests that anti-fibrosis agents suppress tumor development and progression. In this review, we highlight important tumor-promoting roles of CAFs based on their analogies with wound-derived myofibroblasts and discuss the potential therapeutic strategy targeting CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Arata Azuma
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138603, Japan.
| | - Yukiko Miura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138603, Japan.
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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Usher KM, Zhu S, Mavropalias G, Carrino JA, Zhao J, Xu J. Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic outlooks for arthrofibrosis. Bone Res 2019; 7:9. [PMID: 30937213 PMCID: PMC6433953 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0047-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arthrofibrosis is a fibrotic joint disorder that begins with an inflammatory reaction to insults such as injury, surgery and infection. Excessive extracellular matrix and adhesions contract pouches, bursae and tendons, cause pain and prevent a normal range of joint motion, with devastating consequences for patient quality of life. Arthrofibrosis affects people of all ages, with published rates varying. The risk factors and best management strategies are largely unknown due to a poor understanding of the pathology and lack of diagnostic biomarkers. However, current research into the pathogenesis of fibrosis in organs now informs the understanding of arthrofibrosis. The process begins when stress signals stimulate immune cells. The resulting cascade of cytokines and mediators drives fibroblasts to differentiate into myofibroblasts, which secrete fibrillar collagens and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Positive feedback networks then dysregulate processes that normally terminate healing processes. We propose two subtypes of arthrofibrosis occur: active arthrofibrosis and residual arthrofibrosis. In the latter the fibrogenic processes have resolved but the joint remains stiff. The best therapeutic approach for each subtype may differ significantly. Treatment typically involves surgery, however, a pharmacological approach to correct dysregulated cell signalling could be more effective. Recent research shows that myofibroblasts are capable of reversing differentiation, and understanding the mechanisms of pathogenesis and resolution will be essential for the development of cell-based treatments. Therapies with significant promise are currently available, with more in development, including those that inhibit TGF-β signalling and epigenetic modifications. This review focuses on pathogenesis of sterile arthrofibrosis and therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayley M. Usher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia Australia
| | - Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Georgios Mavropalias
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia Australia
| | | | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia Australia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi China
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Yang JY, Tao LJ, Liu B, You XY, Zhang CF, Xie HF, Li RS. Wedelolactone Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis Partly Through Activating AMPK and Regulating Raf-MAPKs Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:151. [PMID: 30890932 PMCID: PMC6411994 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is common in a variety of inflammatory lung diseases, there is currently no effective clinical drug treatment. It has been reported that the ethanol extract of Eclipta prostrata L. can improve the lung collagen deposition and fibrosis pathology induced by bleomycin (BLM) in mice. In the present study, we studied whether wedelolactone (WEL), a major coumarin ingredient of E. prostrata, provided protection against BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ICR or C57/BL6 strain mice were treated with BLM to establish lung fibrosis model. WEL (2 or 10 mg/kg) was given daily via intragastric administration for 2 weeks starting at 7-day after intratracheal instillation. WEL at 10 mg/kg significantly reduced BLM-induced inflammatory cells infiltration, pro-inflammatory factors expression, and collagen deposition in lung tissues. Additionally, treatment with WEL also impaired BLM-induced increases in fibrotic marker expression (collagen I and α-SMA) and decrease in an anti-fibrotic marker (E-cadherin). Treatment with WEL significantly prevented BLM-induced increase in TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 phosphorylation in the lungs. WEL administration (10 mg/kg) also significantly promoted AMPK activation compared to model group in BLM-treated mice. Further investigation indicated that activation of AMPK by WEL can suppressed the transdifferentiation of primary lung fibroblasts and the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells, the inhibitive effects of WEL was significantly blocked by an AMPK inhibitor (compound C) in vitro. Together, these results suggest that activation of AMPK by WEL followed by reduction in TGFβ1/Raf-MAPK signaling pathways may have a therapeutic potential in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Jun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin-Yi You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai-Feng Xie
- Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Ren-Shi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Saito N, Araya J, Ito S, Tsubouchi K, Minagawa S, Hara H, Ito A, Nakano T, Hosaka Y, Ichikawa A, Kadota T, Yoshida M, Fujita Y, Utsumi H, Kurita Y, Kobayashi K, Hashimoto M, Wakui H, Numata T, Kaneko Y, Asano H, Odaka M, Ohtsuka T, Morikawa T, Nakayama K, Kuwano K. Involvement of Lamin B1 Reduction in Accelerated Cellular Senescence during Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:1428-1440. [PMID: 30692212 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Downregulation of lamin B1 has been recognized as a crucial step for development of full senescence. Accelerated cellular senescence linked to mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR) signaling and accumulation of mitochondrial damage has been implicated in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis. We hypothesized that lamin B1 protein levels are reduced in COPD lungs, contributing to the process of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced cellular senescence via dysregulation of MTOR and mitochondrial integrity. To illuminate the role of lamin B1 in COPD pathogenesis, lamin B1 protein levels, MTOR activation, mitochondrial mass, and cellular senescence were evaluated in CS extract (CSE)-treated human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), CS-exposed mice, and COPD lungs. We showed that lamin B1 was reduced by exposure to CSE and that autophagy was responsible for lamin B1 degradation in HBEC. Lamin B1 reduction was linked to MTOR activation through DEP domain-containing MTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR) downregulation, resulting in accelerated cellular senescence. Aberrant MTOR activation was associated with increased mitochondrial mass, which can be attributed to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. CS-exposed mouse lungs and COPD lungs also showed reduced lamin B1 and DEPTOR protein levels, along with MTOR activation accompanied by increased mitochondrial mass and cellular senescence. Antidiabetic metformin prevented CSE-induced HBEC senescence and mitochondrial accumulation via increased DEPTOR expression. These findings suggest that lamin B1 reduction is not only a hallmark of lung aging but is also involved in the progression of cellular senescence during COPD pathogenesis through aberrant MTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayuta Saito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Jun Araya
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | - Saburo Ito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tsubouchi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Minagawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Hara
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; and
| | - Yusuke Hosaka
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ichikawa
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Kadota
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yoshida
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yu Fujita
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Utsumi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurita
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kenji Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wakui
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takanori Numata
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yumi Kaneko
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Asano
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Makoto Odaka
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuka
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Morikawa
- Division of Chest Diseases, Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Nakayama
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kuwano
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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Khateeb J, Fuchs E, Khamaisi M. Diabetes and Lung Disease: A Neglected Relationship. Rev Diabet Stud 2019; 15:1-15. [PMID: 30489598 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2019.15.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disorder associated with inflammation and oxidative stress which may target many organs such as the kidney, retina, and the vascular system. The pathophysiology, mechanisms, and consequences of diabetes on these organs have been studied widely. However, no work has been done on the concept of the lung as a target organ for diabetes and its implications for lung diseases. AIM In this review, we aimed to investigate the effects of diabetes and hypoglycemic agent on lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer. We also reviewed the potential mechanisms by which these effects may affect lung disease patients. RESULTS Our results suggest that diabetes can affect the severity and clinical course of several lung diseases. CONCLUSIONS Although the diabetes-lung association is epidemiologically and clinically well-established, especially in asthma, the underlying mechanism and pathophysiology are not been fully understood. Several mechanisms have been suggested, mainly associated with the pro-inflammatory and proliferative properties of diabetes, but also in relation to micro- and macrovascular effects of diabetes on the pulmonary vasculature. Also, hypoglycemic drugs may influence lung diseases in different ways. For example, metformin was considered a potential therapeutic agent in lung diseases, while insulin was shown to exacerbate lung diseases; this suggests that their effects extend beyond their hypoglycemic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Khateeb
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Fuchs
- Pulmonary Division, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mogher Khamaisi
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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