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Tie S, Tong T, Zhan G, Li X, Ouyang D, Cao J. Network pharmacology prediction and experiment validation of anti-liver cancer activity of Curcumae Rhizoma and Hedyotis diffusa Willd. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3337-3348. [PMID: 38846818 PMCID: PMC11152801 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to elucidate anti-liver cancer components and potential mechanisms of Curcumae Rhizoma and Hedyotis diffusa Willd (CR-HDW). Methods Effective components and targets of CR-HDW were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Liver cancer-related genes were collected from GeneCards, Gene-Disease Association (DisGeNET), and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Protein-protein interaction networks, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were conducted to analyze the identified genes. Molecular docking was used to simulate binding of the active components and their target proteins. Cell activity assay, western blot, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) experiments were conducted to validate core targets identified from molecular docking. Results Ten active compounds of CR-HDW were identified including quercetin, 3-epioleanic acid and hederagenin. The primary core proteins comprised Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Protein Kinase B(AKT1), etc. The pathways for Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/ AKT, cellular senescence, Fork head boxO (FOXO) were revealed as important for anti-cancer activity of CR-HDW. Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding between liver cancer target proteins and major active components of CR-HDW. In-vitro experiments confirmed that hederagenin and 3-epioleolic acid inhibited HuH-7 cell growth, reduced expression of PI3K, AKT, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) proteins. Hederagenin also induced HuH-7 senescence. Conclusions In summary, The authors' results suggest that the CR-HDW component (Hederagenin, 3-epoxy-olanolic acid) can inhibit the proliferation of HuH-7 cells by decreasing PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. Hederagenin also induced HuH-7 senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songyan Tie
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Tianhao Tong
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Gangxiang Zhan
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Ouyang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Urbonavicius S, Srinanthalogen R, Sandermann J, Valius M, Kaupinis A, Ludvigsen M. A novel view to varicose veins pathogenesis: Proteomic profiling suggests a pivotal role of extracellular matrix degradation. Phlebology 2024; 39:20-28. [PMID: 37846077 DOI: 10.1177/02683555231206891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although morphological and anatomical studies indicate that venous wall weakening and subendothelial fibrosis characterize varicose veins (VV), the pathogenesis of VV remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to obtain protein expression profiles in patients with VV and thereby get a step closer to understanding the pathogenesis of VV. METHODS Specimens were obtained from total of 10 patients, that is, from 5 patients undergoing VV surgical stripping and from 5 non-VV patients undergoing bypass surgery. Specimens were collected from the same layers of venous wall. Proteins were extracted from each specimen and analyzed by ion mobility spectrometry (IMS-MS). In total, 1387 were identified and 486 proteins were identified in all samples. From these, 15 proteins were differentially expressed between VV and non-VV samples (p < .05) and 12 of these showed a fold change >1.5. RESULTS Interestingly, among the differentially expressed proteins, only two proteins were significantly increased in the VV tissue, that is, GAPDH (p = .028, fold change 2.74), where several proteins involved in maintaining the homeostasis in the extracellular matrix, that is, the CXXC zinc finger protein 5 (CXXC5) and nucleoporin (SEH1) were prominently downregulated (p = .049, fold change 37.8, and p = .040, fold change 3.46). The downregulation in protein expression of CXXC5 and SEH1 as well as upregulation of GAPDH were validated by Western blotting. CONCLUSION The identified differentially expressed proteins suggest an altered profile of the connective tissue proteins as well as an increased proteolytic enzyme activity which both may be central in the pathophysiology of varicose veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigitas Urbonavicius
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Research Unit, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Reshaabi Srinanthalogen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Research Unit, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jes Sandermann
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Vascular Research Unit, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- Proteomic Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomic Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Maja Ludvigsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Wang Q, Liu J, Chen Z, Zheng J, Wang Y, Dong J. Targeting metabolic reprogramming in hepatocellular carcinoma to overcome therapeutic resistance: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116021. [PMID: 38128187 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) poses a heavy burden on human health with high morbidity and mortality rates. Systematic therapy is crucial for advanced and mid-term HCC, but faces a significant challenge from therapeutic resistance, weakening drug effectiveness. Metabolic reprogramming has gained attention as a key contributor to therapeutic resistance. Cells change their metabolism to meet energy demands, adapt to growth needs, or resist environmental pressures. Understanding key enzyme expression patterns and metabolic pathway interactions is vital to comprehend HCC occurrence, development, and treatment resistance. Exploring metabolic enzyme reprogramming and pathways is essential to identify breakthrough points for HCC treatment. Targeting metabolic enzymes with inhibitors is key to addressing these points. Inhibitors, combined with systemic therapeutic drugs, can alleviate resistance, prolong overall survival for advanced HCC, and offer mid-term HCC patients a chance for radical resection. Advances in metabolic research methods, from genomics to metabolomics and cells to organoids, help build the HCC metabolic reprogramming network. Recent progress in biomaterials and nanotechnology impacts drug targeting and effectiveness, providing new solutions for systemic therapeutic drug resistance. This review focuses on metabolic enzyme changes, pathway interactions, enzyme inhibitors, research methods, and drug delivery targeting metabolic reprogramming, offering valuable references for metabolic approaches to HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ziye Chen
- Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Jingjing Zheng
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yunfang Wang
- Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Clinical Translational Science Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiahong Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Research Unit of Precision Hepatobiliary Surgery Paradigm, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China; Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Institute for Organ Transplant and Bionic Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China; Key Laboratory of Digital Intelligence Hepatology (Ministry of Education/Beijing), School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Pourbaghi M, Haghani L, Zhao K, Karimi A, Marinelli B, Erinjeri JP, Geschwind JFH, Yarmohammadi H. Anti-Glycolytic Drugs in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Systemic and Locoregional Options. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:6609-6622. [PMID: 37504345 PMCID: PMC10377758 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30070485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. Locoregional therapies, including transarterial embolization (TAE: bland embolization), chemoembolization (TACE), and radioembolization, have demonstrated survival benefits when treating patients with unresectable HCC. TAE and TACE occlude the tumor's arterial supply, causing hypoxia and nutritional deprivation and ultimately resulting in tumor necrosis. Embolization blocks the aerobic metabolic pathway. However, tumors, including HCC, use the "Warburg effect" and survive hypoxia from embolization. An adaptation to hypoxia through the Warburg effect, which was first described in 1956, is when the cancer cells switch to glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. Hence, this is also known as aerobic glycolysis. In this article, the adaptation mechanisms of HCC, including glycolysis, are discussed, and anti-glycolytic treatments, including systemic and locoregional options that have been previously reported or have the potential to be utilized in the treatment of HCC, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Pourbaghi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Leila Haghani
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Ken Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Anita Karimi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Brett Marinelli
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | - Joseph P. Erinjeri
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
| | | | - Hooman Yarmohammadi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (M.P.); (K.Z.); (A.K.); (B.M.); (J.P.E.)
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5
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Majchrzak-Stiller B, Buchholz M, Peters I, Waschestjuk D, Strotmann J, Höhn P, Hahn S, Braumann C, Uhl W, Müller T, Möhler H. GP-2250, a novel anticancer agent, inhibits the energy metabolism, activates AMP-Kinase and impairs the NF-kB pathway in pancreatic cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2023. [PMID: 37390227 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
GP-2250, a novel anticancer agent, severely limits the energy metabolism, as demonstrated by the inhibition of hexokinase 2 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and a decrease of ATP. Rescue experiments with supplementary pyruvate or oxaloacetate demonstrated that a TCA cycle deficit largely contributed to cytotoxicity. Activation of the energy-deficit sensor, AMP-dependent protein kinase, was associated with increased phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and Raptor, pointing to a possible deficit in the synthesis of fatty acids and proteins as essential cell components. Binding of p65 to DNA was dose-dependently reduced in nuclear lysates. A transcriptional deficit of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) was substantiated by the downregulation of cyclin D1 and of the anti-apoptotic Bcl2, in line with reduction in tumour cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, respectively. The upregulation of p53 concomitant with an excess of ROS supported apoptosis. Thus, the anticancer activity of GP-2250 is a result of disruption of energy metabolism and inhibition of tumour promotion by NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Majchrzak-Stiller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marie Buchholz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ilka Peters
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Waschestjuk
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johanna Strotmann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Philipp Höhn
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Chris Braumann
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Evangelische Kliniken Gelsenkirchen, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Waldemar Uhl
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Hanns Möhler
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Zurich and Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Galbiati A, Bova S, Pacchiana R, Borsari C, Persico M, Zana A, Bruno S, Donadelli M, Fattorusso C, Conti P. Discovery of a spirocyclic 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazole covalent inhibitor of hGAPDH with antiproliferative activity against pancreatic cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115286. [PMID: 37058971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a key glycolytic enzyme, plays a crucial role in the energy metabolism of cancer cells and has been proposed as a valuable target for the development of anticancer agents. Among a series of 5-substituted 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazole (BDHI) derivatives, we identified the spirocyclic compound 11, which is able to covalently inactivate recombinant human GAPDH (hGAPDH) with a faster reactivity than koningic acid, one of the most potent hGAPDH inhibitors known to date. Computational studies confirmed that conformational rigidification is crucial to stabilize the interaction of the inhibitor with the binding site, thus favoring the subsequent covalent bond formation. Investigation of intrinsic warhead reactivity at different pH disclosed the negligible reactivity of 11 with free thiols, highlighting its ability to selectively react with the activated cysteine of hGAPDH with respect to other sulfhydryl groups. Compound 11 strongly reduced cancer cell growth in four different pancreatic cancer cell lines and its antiproliferative activity correlated well with the intracellular inhibition of hGAPDH. Overall, our results qualify 11 as a potent hGAPDH covalent inhibitor with a moderate drug-like reactivity that could be further exploited to develop anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galbiati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Bova
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Borsari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Persico
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
| | - Caterina Fattorusso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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J Tisdale E, R Artalejo C. Rab2 stimulates LC3 lipidation on secretory membranes by noncanonical autophagy. Exp Cell Res 2023; 429:113635. [PMID: 37201743 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is a highly dynamic organelle that regulates various cellular activities and yet maintains a distinct structure. Multiple proteins participate in Golgi structure/organization including the small GTPase Rab2. Rab2 is found on the cis/medial Golgi compartments and the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. Interestingly, Rab2 gene amplification occurs in a wide range of human cancers and Golgi morphological alterations are associated with cellular transformation. To learn how Rab2 'gain of function' influences the structure/activity of membrane compartments in the early secretory pathway that may contribute to oncogenesis, NRK cells were transfected with Rab2B cDNA. We found that Rab2B overexpression had a dramatic effect on the morphology of pre- and early Golgi compartments that resulted in a decreased transport rate of VSV-G in the early secretory pathway. We monitored the cells for the autophagic marker protein LC3 based on the findings that depressed membrane trafficking affects homeostasis. Morphological and biochemical studies confirmed that Rab2 ectopic expression stimulated LC3-lipidation on Rab2-containing membranes that was dependent on GAPDH and utilized a non-canonical LC3-conjugation mechanism that is nondegradative. Golgi structural alterations are associated with changes in Golgi-associated signalling pathways. Indeed, Rab2 overexpressing cells had elevated Src activity. We propose that increased Rab2 expression facilitates cis Golgi structural changes that are maintained and tolerated by the cell due to LC3 tagging, and subsequent membrane remodeling triggers Golgi associated signaling pathways that may contribute to oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Tisdale
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Cristina R Artalejo
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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8
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Metabolism as a New Avenue for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043710. [PMID: 36835122 PMCID: PMC9964410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is today the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, despite the decreased incidence of chronic hepatitis infections. This is due to the increased diffusion of metabolic diseases such as the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The current protein kinase inhibitor therapies in HCC are very aggressive and not curative. From this perspective, a shift in strategy toward metabolic therapies may represent a promising option. Here, we review current knowledge on metabolic dysregulation in HCC and therapeutic approaches targeting metabolic pathways. We also propose a multi-target metabolic approach as a possible new option in HCC pharmacology.
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Chelakkot C, Chelakkot VS, Shin Y, Song K. Modulating Glycolysis to Improve Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2606. [PMID: 36768924 PMCID: PMC9916680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming and switch to a 'glycolysis-dominant' metabolic profile to promote their survival and meet their requirements for energy and macromolecules. This phenomenon, also known as the 'Warburg effect,' provides a survival advantage to the cancer cells and make the tumor environment more pro-cancerous. Additionally, the increased glycolytic dependence also promotes chemo/radio resistance. A similar switch to a glycolytic metabolic profile is also shown by the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, inducing a competition between the cancer cells and the tumor-infiltrating cells over nutrients. Several recent studies have shown that targeting the enhanced glycolysis in cancer cells is a promising strategy to make them more susceptible to treatment with other conventional treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. Although several targeting strategies have been developed and several of them are in different stages of pre-clinical and clinical evaluation, there is still a lack of effective strategies to specifically target cancer cell glycolysis to improve treatment efficacy. Herein, we have reviewed our current understanding of the role of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and how targeting this phenomenon could be a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of conventional cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vipin Shankar Chelakkot
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Youngkee Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01366, Republic of Korea
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10
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Xu Y, Hao X, Ren Y, Xu Q, Liu X, Song S, Wang Y. Research progress of abnormal lactate metabolism and lactate modification in immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1063423. [PMID: 36686771 PMCID: PMC9853001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1063423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors meet their energy, biosynthesis, and redox demands through metabolic reprogramming. This metabolic abnormality results in elevated levels of metabolites, particularly lactate, in the tumor microenvironment. Immune cell reprogramming and cellular plasticity mediated by lactate and lactylation increase immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and are emerging as key factors in regulating tumor development, metastasis, and the effectiveness of immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. Reprogramming of glucose metabolism and the "Warburg effect" in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lead to the massive production and accumulation of lactate, so lactate modification in tumor tissue is likely to be abnormal as well. This article reviews the immune regulation of abnormal lactate metabolism and lactate modification in hepatocellular carcinoma and the therapeutic strategy of targeting lactate-immunotherapy, which will help to better guide the medication and treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Xiaodong Hao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yidan Ren
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinchen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China,*Correspondence: Shuliang Song, ; Yunshan Wang,
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Shuliang Song, ; Yunshan Wang,
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11
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Bhat SA, Farooq Z, Ismail H, Corona-Avila I, Khan MW. Unraveling the Sweet Secrets of HCC: Glucometabolic Rewiring in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231219434. [PMID: 38083797 PMCID: PMC10718058 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231219434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the primary form of liver cancer. It causes ∼ 800 000 deaths per year, which is expected to increase due to increasing rates of obesity and metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Current therapies include immune checkpoint inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and monoclonal antibodies, but these therapies are not satisfactorily effective and often come with multiple side effects and recurrences. Metabolic reprogramming plays a significant role in HCC progression and is often conserved between tumor types. Thus, targeting rewired metabolic pathways could provide an attractive option for targeting tumor cells alone or in conjunction with existing treatments. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel targets involved in cancer-mediated metabolic reprogramming in HCC. In this review, we provide an overview of molecular rewiring and metabolic reprogramming of glucose metabolism in HCC to understand better the concepts that might widen the therapeutic window against this deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheraz Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Sri Pratap College, Cluster University Srinagar, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Zeenat Farooq
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hagar Ismail
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Irene Corona-Avila
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Md. Wasim Khan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Multi-Omics Analysis Revealed a Significant Alteration of Critical Metabolic Pathways Due to Sorafenib-Resistance in Hep3B Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911975. [PMID: 36233276 PMCID: PMC9569810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second prominent cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. Usually, HCC is diagnosed in advanced stages, wherein sorafenib, a multiple target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used as the first line of treatment. Unfortunately, resistance to sorafenib is usually encountered within six months of treatment. Therefore, there is a critical need to identify the underlying reasons for drug resistance. In the present study, we investigated the proteomic and metabolomics alterations accompanying sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells by employing ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS). The Bruker Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) library was used to identify the differentially abundant metabolites through MetaboScape 4.0 software (Bruker). For protein annotation and identification, the Uniprot proteome for Homo sapiens (Human) database was utilized through MaxQuant. The results revealed that 27 metabolites and 18 proteins were significantly dysregulated due to sorafenib resistance in Hep3B cells compared to the parental phenotype. D-alanine, L-proline, o-tyrosine, succinic acid and phosphatidylcholine (PC, 16:0/16:0) were among the significantly altered metabolites. Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1, mitochondrial superoxide dismutase, UDP-glucose-6-dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase and calpain small subunit 1 were among the significantly altered proteins. The findings revealed that resistant Hep3B cells demonstrated significant alterations in amino acid and nucleotide metabolic pathways, energy production pathways and other pathways related to cancer aggressiveness, such as migration, proliferation and drug-resistance. Joint pathway enrichment analysis unveiled unique pathways, including the antifolate resistance pathway and other important pathways that maintain cancer cells' survival, growth, and proliferation. Collectively, the results identified potential biomarkers for sorafenib-resistant HCC and gave insights into their role in chemotherapeutic drug resistance, cancer initiation, progression and aggressiveness, which may contribute to better prognosis and chemotherapeutic outcomes.
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13
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Braga FHG, Gómez-Mendoza DP, Lemos RP, Rodrigues-Ribeiro L, Raíssa-Oliveira B, Rodrigues ALP, Gorshkov V, Kjeldsen F, Cruz JS, Verano-Braga T. Proteomic analysis reveals stage-specific reprogramed metabolism for the primary breast cancer cell lines MGSO-3 and MACL-1. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200095. [PMID: 35666001 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer in women worldwide. Its molecular subtypes are based on the presence/absence of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). MACL-1 and MGSO-3 are cell lines derived from primary tumor sites of patients diagnosed with luminal A subtype carcinoma (ER+ / PR+ / HER2-) and ductal carcinoma in situ (ER- / PR- / HER2+), respectively. However, these cell lines lost the expression of these markers over cell culturing, and both have triple-negative phenotypes (ER- / PR- / HER2-), which has the poorest prognosis. Here, we sought to study the proteome signature of MGSO-3 and MACL-1, comparing them with the epithelial cell line MCF-10A and the well-established metastatic-derived breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Our results showed that proteins associated with the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) were upregulated in MGSO-3 and MACL-1 cells. These cell lines also showed upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins when compared with MDA-MB-231. The molecular differences highlighted in this study may clarify the molecular basis behind cancer cells functioning and may reveal novel signatures across the breast cancer cell models. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Henrique Guimarães Braga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Diana Paola Gómez-Mendoza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rodrigues-Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Brenda Raíssa-Oliveira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Andréia Laura Prates Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Gorshkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Frank Kjeldsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jader Santos Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago Verano-Braga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
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14
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Yin J, Wen M, Cheng J, Hu L, Yang L, Chang X, Zhou Z, Li H, Liu Y, Li J. A Patient With Failed Liver Transplantation After the Use of PD-1 Blockade Combined With Lenvaxen. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:712466. [PMID: 35265635 PMCID: PMC8899006 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.712466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor with high extent of invasiveness. Its invasion process is closely related to complex tumor microenvironment and microvascular characteristics. Recently, immune combined targeted therapy has been applied to patients, combination therapy program with better effect needs to be explored. Atezolizumab combined Bevacizumab regimen in phase III clinical trial IMbrave150 was approved by U.S. Federal Drug Administration (FDA) for HCC treatment. This program is mostly used for liver malignant tumors have failed other treatments. Patients in terminal stage, overall curative has an unsatisfactory effect, survival time of patients is limited. Therefore, seeking best plan for combined treatment to improve patient's life quality and survival rate are still one of the most important clinical difficulties. This report describes a 37-year-old male who suffered from HCC repeatedly relapsed after hepatectomy. The patient received transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), microwave ablation (MWA), targeted therapy, and other combined treatments, all showed poor treatment effects. He received liver transplantation (LT) after receiving PD-1 blockade combined targeted therapy, eventually died due to severe immune rejection. It's first case of an allogeneic liver transplantation patient who received PD-1 blockade and Lenvaxen combined therapy. PD-1 blockade treatment and clinical observations of this case were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China.,Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China.,Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China.,Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lifen Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China.,Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China.,Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongsong Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Anhui Center for Surveillance of Bacterial Resistance, Hefei, China.,Institute of Bacterial Resistance, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Chaohu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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15
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Development and Validation of an Autophagy-Related Gene Signature for Predicting the Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7771037. [PMID: 34746309 PMCID: PMC8568514 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7771037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular environment. Mounting evidence indicates that autophagy plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular cancer (HCC). This research is aimed at exploring the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in HCC patients. Methods The Wilcoxon test was used to identify differentially expressed ARGs in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HCC cohort. Then, the TCGA cohort was randomly divided into training and testing groups. Cox and LASSO regression models were used to screen for autophagy-related genes that affect overall survival (OS) in the TCGA training group. Based on the coefficient of risk genes, we constructed an autophagy-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of HCC patients. Finally, we validated the prognostic significance of autophagy-related gene signature using the TCGA testing group and three external datasets. Results ATG10, BIRC5, GAPDH, and TMEM74 are risk genes for OS. According to the optimal cutoff value of risk score in each HCC dataset, HCC patients can divide into high- and low-risk groups. ARG risk score can significantly distinguish HCC patients with different survival outcomes. Meanwhile, the ARG risk score is independently correlated with OS in multiple HCC cohorts. Conclusions The autophagy-related risk score can effectively screen high-risk HCC patients and provide guidance for clinical prevention and treatment of HCC.
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16
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Chen J, LaGue E, Li J, Yang C, Hackett EP, Mendoza M, Alger JR, DeBerardinis RJ, Corbin IR, Billingsley KL, Park JM. Profiling Carbohydrate Metabolism in Liver and Hepatocellular Carcinoma with [ 13C]-Glycerate Probes. ANALYSIS & SENSING 2021; 1:196-202. [PMID: 35693130 PMCID: PMC9187054 DOI: 10.1002/anse.202100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis is central to carbohydrate metabolism. Here, we describe novel methods to assess carbohydrate metabolism using [13C]-probes derived from glycerate, a molecule whose metabolic fate in mammals remains underexplored. Isotope-based studies were conducted via NMR and mass spectrometry analyses of freeze-clamped liver tissue extracts after [2,3-13C2]glycerate infusion. The ex vivo investigations were correlated with in vivo measurements using hyperpolarized [1-13C]glycerate. Application of [13C]glycerate to N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN)-treated rats provided further assessments of intermediary carbohydrate metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma. This method afforded direct analyses of control versus DEN tissues, and altered ratios of 13C metabolic products as well as unique glycolysis intermediates were observed in the DEN liver/tumor. Isotopomer studies showed increased glycerate uptake and altered carbohydrate metabolism in the DEN rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
| | - Evan LaGue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 State College Blvd. Fullerton, CA 92834-6866 (USA)
| | - Junjie Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
| | - Chendong Yang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8502 (USA)
| | - Edward P Hackett
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
| | - Manuel Mendoza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 State College Blvd. Fullerton, CA 92834-6866 (USA)
| | - Jeffry R Alger
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8502 (USA)
| | - Ian R Corbin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
| | - Kelvin L Billingsley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 State College Blvd. Fullerton, CA 92834-6866 (USA)
| | - Jae Mo Park
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 75390-8568 (USA)
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17
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Hypoxia, Metabolic Reprogramming, and Drug Resistance in Liver Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071715. [PMID: 34359884 PMCID: PMC8304710 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, low oxygen (O2) level, is a hallmark of solid cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most common and fatal cancers worldwide. Hypoxia contributes to drug resistance in cancer through various molecular mechanisms. In this review, we particularly focus on the roles of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-mediated metabolic reprogramming in drug resistance in HCC. Combination therapies targeting hypoxia-induced metabolic enzymes to overcome drug resistance will also be summarized. Acquisition of drug resistance is the major cause of unsatisfactory clinical outcomes of existing HCC treatments. Extra efforts to identify novel mechanisms to combat refractory hypoxic HCC are warranted for the development of more effective treatment regimens for HCC patients.
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18
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Ding X, Wang L, Chen M, Wu Y, Ge S, Li J, Fan X, Lin M. Sperm-Specific Glycolysis Enzyme Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Regulated by Transcription Factor SOX10 to Promote Uveal Melanoma Tumorigenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:610683. [PMID: 34249897 PMCID: PMC8267526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.610683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma cells exhibit increased aerobic glycolysis, which represents a major biochemical alteration associated with malignant transformation; thus, glycolytic enzymes could be exploited to selectively target cancer cells in cancer therapy. Sperm-specific glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDHS) switches glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate by coupling with the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. Here, we demonstrated that GAPDHS displays significantly higher expression in uveal melanoma (UM) than in normal controls. Functionally, the knockdown of GAPDHS in UM cell lines hindered glycolysis by decreasing glucose uptake, lactate production, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation, cell growth and proliferation; conversely, overexpression of GAPDHS promoted glycolysis, cell growth and proliferation. Furthermore, we identified that SOX10 knockdown reduced the activation of GAPDHS, leading to an attenuated malignant phenotype, and that SOX10 overexpression promoted the activation of GAPDHS, leading to an enhanced malignant phenotype. Mechanistically, SOX10 exerted its function by binding to the promoter of GAPDHS to regulate its expression. Importantly, SOX10 abrogation suppressed in vivo tumor growth and proliferation. Collectively, the results reveal that GAPDHS, which is regulated by SOX10, controls glycolysis and contributes to UM tumorigenesis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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19
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Longo M, Paolini E, Meroni M, Dongiovanni P. Remodeling of Mitochondrial Plasticity: The Key Switch from NAFLD/NASH to HCC. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4173. [PMID: 33920670 PMCID: PMC8073183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Currently, the global burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has dramatically overcome both viral and alcohol hepatitis, thus becoming the main cause of HCC incidence. NAFLD pathogenesis is severely influenced by lifestyle and genetic predisposition. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that may adapt in response to environment, genetics and epigenetics in the liver ("mitochondrial plasticity"). Mounting evidence highlights that mitochondrial dysfunction due to loss of mitochondrial flexibility may arise before overt NAFLD, and from the early stages of liver injury. Mitochondrial failure promotes not only hepatocellular damage, but also release signals (mito-DAMPs), which trigger inflammation and fibrosis, generating an adverse microenvironment in which several hepatocytes select anti-apoptotic programs and mutations that may allow survival and proliferation. Furthermore, one of the key events in malignant hepatocytes is represented by the remodeling of glucidic-lipidic metabolism combined with the reprogramming of mitochondrial functions, optimized to deal with energy demand. In sum, this review will discuss how mitochondrial defects may be translated into causative explanations of NAFLD-driven HCC, emphasizing future directions for research and for the development of potential preventive or curative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Paolini
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.L.); (E.P.); (M.M.)
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20
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Galbiati A, Zana A, Conti P. Covalent inhibitors of GAPDH: From unspecific warheads to selective compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112740. [PMID: 32898762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Targeting glycolysis is an attractive approach for the treatment of a wide range of pathologies, such as various tumors and parasitic infections. Due to its pivotal role in the glycolysis, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) represents a rate-limiting enzyme in those cells that mostly, or exclusively rely on this pathway for energy production. In this context, GAPDH inhibition can be a valuable approach for the development of anticancer and antiparasitic drugs. In addition to its glycolytic role, GAPDH possesses several moonlight functions, whose deregulation is involved in some pathological conditions. Covalent modification on different amino acids of GAPDH, in particular on cysteine residues, can lead to a modulation of the enzyme activity. The selectivity towards specific cysteine residues is essential to achieve a specific phenotypic effect. In this work we report an extensive overview of the latest advances on the numerous compounds able to inhibit GAPDH through the covalent binding to cysteine residues, ranging from endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics, which may serve as pharmacological tools to actual drug-like compounds with promising therapeutic perspectives. Furthermore, we focused on the potentialities of the different warheads, shedding light on the possibility to exploit a combination of a finely tuned electrophilic group with a well-designed recognition moiety. These findings can provide useful information for the rational design of novel covalent inhibitors of GAPDH, with the final goal to expand the current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Galbiati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Aureliano Zana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
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21
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Digging deeper through glucose metabolism and its regulators in cancer and metastasis. Life Sci 2020; 264:118603. [PMID: 33091446 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism enzymes and transporters play major role in cancer development and metastasis. In this study, we discuss glucose metabolism, transporters, receptors, hormones, oncogenes and tumor suppressors which interact with glucose metabolism and we try to discuss their major role in cancer development and cancer metabolism. We try to highlight the. Metabolic changes in cancer and metastasis upregulation of glycolysis is observed in many primary and metastatic cancers and aerobic glycolysis is the most favorable mechanism for glucose metabolism in cancer cells, and it is a kind of evolutionary change. The question that is posed at this juncture is: Can we use aerobic glycolysis phenotype and enzymes beyond this mechanism in estimating cancer prognosis and metastasis? Lactate is a metabolite of glucose metabolism and it is a key player in cancer and metastasis in both normoxic and hypoxic condition so lactate dehydrogenase can be a good prognostic biomarker. Furthermore, monocarboxylic transporter which is the main lactate transporter can be good target in therapeutic studies. Glycolysis enzymes are valuable enzymes in cancer and metastasis diagnosis and can be used as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. Designing a diagnostic and prognostic profile for cancer metastasis seems to be possible base on glycolysis enzymes and glucose transporters. Also, glucose metabolism enzymes and agents can give us a clear vision in estimating cancer metastasis. We can promote a panel of genes that detect genetic changes in glucose metabolism agents to diagnose cancer metastasis.
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22
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Yan Y, Zang X, Jamieson CS, Lin HC, Houk KN, Zhou J, Tang Y. Biosynthesis of the fungal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor heptelidic acid and mechanism of self-resistance. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9554-9562. [PMID: 34094220 PMCID: PMC8162069 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming resistance to bioactive small molecules is a significant challenge for health care and agriculture. As a result, efforts to uncover the mechanisms of resistance are essential to the development of new antibiotics, anticancer drugs and pesticides. To study how nature evolves resistance to highly potent natural products, we examined the biosynthesis and mechanism of self-resistance of the fungal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) inhibitor heptelidic acid (HA). HA is a nanomolar inhibitor of GADPH through the covalent modification of the active site cysteine thiol. The biosynthetic pathway of HA was elucidated, which uncovered the enzymatic basis of formation of the epoxide warhead. Structure–activity relationship study using biosynthetic intermediates established the importance of the fused lactone ring system in HA. The molecular basis of HA inhibiting human GAPDH was illustrated through the crystal structure of Hs-GAPDH covalently bound with HA. A GAPDH isozyme HepG encoded in the HA cluster was characterized to be less sensitive to HA, and therefore contribute to self-resistance for the producing host. Comparison of the crystal structures of human GAPDH and HepG showed mutations both within and remote to the active site can contribute to resistance of inactivation, which was confirmed through mutagenesis. Due to the critical role GAPDH plays in aerobic glycolysis and other cellular functions, knowledge of HA mode of action and self-resistance mechanism could accelerate the development of improved inhibitors. The structural basis and self-resistance mechanism of fungal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor heptelidic acid are uncovered.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Xin Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Cooper S Jamieson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Hsiao-Ching Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Jiahai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
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23
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Arabiyat AS, Becerra-Bayona S, Kamaldinov T, Munoz-Pinto DJ, Hahn MS. Hydrogel Properties May Influence Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lineage Progression Through Modulating GAPDH Activity. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-020-00164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Mossenta M, Busato D, Dal Bo M, Toffoli G. Glucose Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Role and Possible Implications in Novel Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1668. [PMID: 32585931 PMCID: PMC7352479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metabolism is redirected to glycolysis to enhance the production of metabolic compounds employed by cancer cells to produce proteins, lipids, and nucleotides in order to maintain a high proliferative rate. This mechanism drives towards uncontrolled growth and causes a further increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could lead to cell death. HCC overcomes the problem generated by ROS increase by increasing the antioxidant machinery, in which key mechanisms involve glutathione, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF-1α). These mechanisms could represent optimal targets for innovative therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) exerts a key role in HCC pathogenesis and progression. Various metabolic machineries modulate the activity of immune cells in the TME. The deregulated metabolic activity of tumor cells could impair antitumor response. Lactic acid-lactate, derived from the anaerobic glycolytic rate of tumor cells, as well as adenosine, derived from the catabolism of ATP, have an immunosuppressive activity. Metabolic reprogramming of the TME via targeted therapies could enhance the treatment efficacy of anti-cancer immunotherapy. This review describes the metabolic pathways mainly involved in the HCC pathogenesis and progression. The potential targets for HCC treatment involved in these pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mossenta
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Busato
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dal Bo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
| | - Giuseppe Toffoli
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano (PN), Italy; (M.M.); (D.B.); (G.T.)
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25
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Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase is a Multifaceted Therapeutic Target. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050416. [PMID: 32370188 PMCID: PMC7285110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a glycolytic enzyme whose role in cell metabolism and homeostasis is well defined, while its function in pathologic processes needs further elucidation. Depending on the cell context, GAPDH may bind a number of physiologically important proteins, control their function and correspondingly affect the cell’s fate. These interprotein interactions and post-translational modifications of GAPDH mediate its cytotoxic or cytoprotective functions in the manner of a Janus-like molecule. In this review, we discuss the functional features of the enzyme in cellular physiology and its possible involvement in human pathologies. In the last part of the article, we describe drugs that can be employed to modulate this enzyme’s function in some pathologic states.
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26
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Wang QQ, Li MX, Li C, Gu XX, Zheng MZ, Chen LX, Li H. Natural Products and Derivatives Targeting at Cancer Energy Metabolism: A Potential Treatment Strategy. Curr Med Sci 2020; 40:205-217. [PMID: 32337682 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-020-2165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the 1920s, Dr Otto Warburg first suggested the significant difference in energy metabolism between malignant cancer cells and adjacent normal cells. Tumor cells mainly adopt the glycolysis as energy source to maintain tumor cell growth and biosynthesis under aerobic conditions. Investigation on energy metabolism pathway in cancer cells has aroused the interest of cancer researchers all around the world. In recent years, plentiful studies suggest that targeting the peculiar cancer energy metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, mitochondrial respiration, amino acid metabolism, and fatty acid oxidation may be an effective strategy to starve cancer cells by blocking essential nutrients. Natural products (NPs) are considered as the "treasure trove of small molecules drugs" and have played an extremely remarkable role in the discovery and development of anticancer drugs. And numerous NPs have been reported to act on cancer energy metabolism targets. Herein, a comprehensive overview about cancer energy metabolism targets and their natural-occurring inhibitors is prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Qi Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Ming-Xue Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chen Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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27
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Khare T, Khare S, Angdisen JJ, Zhang Q, Stuckel A, Mooney BP, Ridenhour SE, Gitan RS, Hammoud GM, Ibdah JA. Defects in long-chain 3-hydroxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase lead to hepatocellular carcinoma: A novel etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1461-1473. [PMID: 32115688 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of both nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been increasing at an alarming rate. Little is known about NAFLD without cirrhosis as a risk for HCC. Here we report, for the first time, generation of a mouse model with a defect in long-chain 3-hydoxy acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCHAD). The LCHAD exon 15 deletion was embryonic lethal to the homozygous mice whereas heterozygous mice (HT) develop significant hepatic steatosis starting at young age (3 months old) and HCC at older age (>13 months old) without any evidence of fibrosis or cirrhosis. None of the wild-type (WT) mice developed steatosis and HCC (n = 39), whereas HT-LCHAD mice (n = 41) showed steatosis and ~20% (8/41) developed liver masses with histological features of HCC. Proteomic analysis of liver tissues from WT-mice and HT-mice with no signs of HCC was conducted. Proteins with significant changes in abundance were identified by mass spectrometry. Abundance of 24 proteins was significantly different (p < 0.01) between WT and HT-LCHAD mice. The proteins found to vary in abundance are associated with different cellular response processes ranging from intermediary metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and lipid to oxidative stress, signal transduction and the process of tumorigenesis. Protein expression pattern of the HT-LCHAD mouse liver indicates predisposition to HCC and suggests that impaired hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation plays an important role in the development and progression of HCC. To assess the implication of these studies in human disease, we demonstrated significant downregulation of HADHA transcripts in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tripti Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Sharad Khare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S Truman Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jerry J Angdisen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Alexei Stuckel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Brian P Mooney
- Gehrke Proteomics center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Suzanne E Ridenhour
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Raad S Gitan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ghassan M Hammoud
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jamal A Ibdah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harry S Truman Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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28
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Joly JH, Delfarah A, Phung PS, Parrish S, Graham NA. A synthetic lethal drug combination mimics glucose deprivation–induced cancer cell death in the presence of glucose. J Biol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(17)49891-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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29
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Joly JH, Delfarah A, Phung PS, Parrish S, Graham NA. A synthetic lethal drug combination mimics glucose deprivation-induced cancer cell death in the presence of glucose. J Biol Chem 2019; 295:1350-1365. [PMID: 31914417 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells can increase their dependence on metabolic substrates such as glucose. As such, the vulnerability of cancer cells to glucose deprivation creates an attractive opportunity for therapeutic intervention. Because it is not possible to starve tumors of glucose in vivo, here we sought to identify the mechanisms in glucose deprivation-induced cancer cell death and then designed inhibitor combinations to mimic glucose deprivation-induced cell death. Using metabolomic profiling, we found that cells undergoing glucose deprivation-induced cell death exhibited dramatic accumulation of intracellular l-cysteine and its oxidized dimer, l-cystine, and depletion of the antioxidant GSH. Building on this observation, we show that glucose deprivation-induced cell death is driven not by the lack of glucose, but rather by l-cystine import. Following glucose deprivation, the import of l-cystine and its subsequent reduction to l-cysteine depleted both NADPH and GSH pools, thereby allowing toxic accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Consistent with this model, we found that the glutamate/cystine antiporter (xCT) is required for increased sensitivity to glucose deprivation. We searched for glycolytic enzymes whose expression is essential for the survival of cancer cells with high xCT expression and identified glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1). Testing a drug combination that co-targeted GLUT1 and GSH synthesis, we found that this combination induces synthetic lethal cell death in high xCT-expressing cell lines susceptible to glucose deprivation. These results indicate that co-targeting GLUT1 and GSH synthesis may offer a potential therapeutic approach for targeting tumors dependent on glucose for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Joly
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Alireza Delfarah
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Philip S Phung
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Sydney Parrish
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Nicholas A Graham
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, .,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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30
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Abdel-Wahab AF, Mahmoud W, Al-Harizy RM. Targeting glucose metabolism to suppress cancer progression: prospective of anti-glycolytic cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2019; 150:104511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Vanhove K, Graulus GJ, Mesotten L, Thomeer M, Derveaux E, Noben JP, Guedens W, Adriaensens P. The Metabolic Landscape of Lung Cancer: New Insights in a Disturbed Glucose Metabolism. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1215. [PMID: 31803611 PMCID: PMC6873590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism encompasses the biochemical processes that allow healthy cells to keep energy, redox balance and building blocks required for cell development, survival, and proliferation steady. Malignant cells are well-documented to reprogram their metabolism and energy production networks to support rapid proliferation and survival in harsh conditions via mutations in oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Despite the histologic and genetic heterogeneity of tumors, a common set of metabolic pathways sustain the high proliferation rates observed in cancer cells. This review with a focus on lung cancer covers several fundamental principles of the disturbed glucose metabolism, such as the “Warburg” effect, the importance of the glycolysis and its branching pathways, the unanticipated gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial metabolism. Furthermore, we highlight our current understanding of the disturbed glucose metabolism and how this might result in the development of new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolien Vanhove
- UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Algemeen Ziekenhuis Vesalius, Tongeren, Belgium
| | - Geert-Jan Graulus
- Biomolecule Design Group, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Mesotten
- UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Michiel Thomeer
- UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Elien Derveaux
- UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, LCRC, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Noben
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Wanda Guedens
- Biomolecule Design Group, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Biomolecule Design Group, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium.,Applied and Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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32
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Park JB, Park H, Son J, Ha SJ, Cho HS. Structural Study of Monomethyl Fumarate-Bound Human GAPDH. Mol Cells 2019; 42:597-603. [PMID: 31387164 PMCID: PMC6715340 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a core enzyme of the aerobic glycolytic pathway with versatile functions and is associated with cancer development. Recently, Kornberg et al . published the detailed correlation between GAPDH and di- or monomethyl fumarate (DMF or MMF), which are well-known GAPDH antagonists in the immune system. As an extension, herein, we report the crystal structure of MMF-bound human GAPDH at 2.29 Å. The MMF molecule is covalently linked to the catalytic Cys152 of human GAPDH, and inhibits the catalytic activity of the residue and dramatically reduces the enzymatic activity of GAPDH. Structural comparisons between NAD+bound GAPDH and MMF-bound GAPDH revealed that the covalently linked MMF can block the binding of the NAD+ cosubstrate due to steric hindrance of the nicotinamide portion of the NAD+ molecule, illuminating the specific mechanism by which MMF inhibits GAPDH. Our data provide insights into GAPDH antagonist development for GAPDH-mediated disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Bae Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Hayeong Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Jimin Son
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
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33
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Wang H, Wang M, Yang X, Xu X, Hao Q, Yan A, Hu M, Lobinski R, Li H, Sun H. Antimicrobial silver targets glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in glycolysis of E. coli. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7193-7199. [PMID: 31588287 PMCID: PMC6685357 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02032b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Silver has long been used as an antibacterial agent, yet its molecular targets remain largely unknown. Using a custom-designed coupling of gel electrophoresis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GE-ICP-MS), we identified six silver-binding proteins in E. coli. The majority of the identified proteins are associated with the central carbon metabolism of E. coli. Among them, we unveil that GAPDH, an essential enzyme in glycolysis, serves as a vital target of Ag+ in E. coli for the first time. We demonstrate that silver inhibits the enzymatic function of GAPDH through targeting Cys149 in its catalytic site. The X-ray structure reveals that Ag+ coordinates to Cys149 and His176 with a quasi-linear geometry (S-Ag-N angle of 157°). And unexpectedly, two Ag+ ions coordinate to Cys288 in the non-catalytic site with weak argentophilic interaction (Ag···Ag distance of 2.9 Å). This is the first report on antimicrobial Ag+ targeting a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway of E. coli. The findings expand our knowledge on the mode of action and bio-coordination chemistry of silver, particularly silver-targeting residues in proteins at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Wang
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Minji Wang
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China
| | - Xinming Yang
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Quan Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China
| | - Aixin Yan
- School of Biological Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China
| | - Menglong Hu
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The University of Hong Kong , Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ryszard Lobinski
- CNRS/University of Pau , Institute of Analytical and Physical Chemistry for the Environment and Materials , IPREM-UMR5254 , Hélioparc, 2, Avenue Angot , 64053 Pau , France
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , P. R. China .
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34
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Yadav S, Pandey SK, Goel Y, Temre MK, Singh SM. Diverse Stakeholders of Tumor Metabolism: An Appraisal of the Emerging Approach of Multifaceted Metabolic Targeting by 3-Bromopyruvate. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:728. [PMID: 31333455 PMCID: PMC6620530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells possess a unique metabolic machinery to endure unobstructed cell survival. It comprises several levels of metabolic networking consisting of 1) upregulated expression of membrane-associated transporter proteins, facilitating unhindered uptake of substrates; 2) upregulated metabolic pathways for efficient substrate utilization; 3) pH and redox homeostasis, conducive for driving metabolism; 4) tumor metabolism-dependent reconstitution of tumor growth promoting the external environment; 5) upregulated expression of receptors and signaling mediators; and 6) distinctive genetic and regulatory makeup to generate and sustain rearranged metabolism. This feat is achieved by a "battery of molecular patrons," which acts in a highly cohesive and mutually coordinated manner to bestow immortality to neoplastic cells. Consequently, it is necessary to develop a multitargeted therapeutic approach to achieve a formidable inhibition of the diverse arrays of tumor metabolism. Among the emerging agents capable of such multifaceted targeting of tumor metabolism, an alkylating agent designated as 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) has gained immense research focus because of its broad spectrum and specific antineoplastic action. Inhibitory effects of 3-BP are imparted on a variety of metabolic target molecules, including transporters, metabolic enzymes, and several other crucial stakeholders of tumor metabolism. Moreover, 3-BP ushers a reconstitution of the tumor microenvironment, a reversal of tumor acidosis, and recuperative action on vital organs and systems of the tumor-bearing host. Studies have been conducted to identify targets of 3-BP and its derivatives and characterization of target binding for further optimization. This review presents a brief and comprehensive discussion about the current state of knowledge concerning various aspects of tumor metabolism and explores the prospects of 3-BP as a safe and effective antineoplastic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sukh Mahendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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35
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Floberg JM, Schwarz JK. Manipulation of Glucose and Hydroperoxide Metabolism to Improve Radiation Response. Semin Radiat Oncol 2019; 29:33-41. [PMID: 30573182 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated glucose and redox metabolism are near universal features of cancers. They therefore represent potential selectively toxic metabolic targets. This review outlines the preclinical and clinical data for targeting glucose and hydroperoxide metabolism in cancer, with a focus on drug strategies that have the most available evidence. In particular, inhibition of glycolysis using 2-deoxyglucose, and inhibition of redox metabolism using the glutathione pathway inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine and the thioredoxin pathway inhibitor auranofin, have shown promise in preclinical studies to increase sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation by increasing intracellular oxidative stress. Combined inhibition of glycolysis, glutathione, and thioredoxin pathways sensitizes highly glycolytic, radioresistant cancer models in vitro and in vivo. Although the preclinical data support this approach, clinical data are limited to exploratory trials using a single drug in combination with either chemotherapy or radiation. Open research questions include optimizing drug strategies for targeting glycolysis and redox metabolism, determining the appropriate timing for administering this therapy with concurrent chemotherapy and radiation, and identifying biomarkers to determine the cancers that would benefit most from this approach. Given the quality of preclinical evidence, dual targeting of glycolysis and redox metabolism in combination with chemotherapy and radiation should be further evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Floberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Julie K Schwarz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.
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36
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Aberrant Metabolism in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Provides Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:7512159. [PMID: 30524660 PMCID: PMC6247426 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7512159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for over 80% of liver cancer cases and is highly malignant, recurrent, drug-resistant, and often diagnosed in the advanced stage. It is clear that early diagnosis and a better understanding of molecular mechanisms contributing to HCC progression is clinically urgent. Metabolic alterations clearly characterize HCC tumors. Numerous clinical parameters currently used to assess liver functions reflect changes in both enzyme activity and metabolites. Indeed, differences in glucose and acetate utilization are used as a valid clinical tool for stratifying patients with HCC. Moreover, increased serum lactate can distinguish HCC from normal subjects, and serum lactate dehydrogenase is used as a prognostic indicator for HCC patients under therapy. Currently, the emerging field of metabolomics that allows metabolite analysis in biological fluids is a powerful method for discovering new biomarkers. Several metabolic targets have been identified by metabolomics approaches, and these could be used as biomarkers in HCC. Moreover, the integration of different omics approaches could provide useful information on the metabolic pathways at the systems level. In this review, we provided an overview of the metabolic characteristics of HCC considering also the reciprocal influences between the metabolism of cancer cells and their microenvironment. Moreover, we also highlighted the interaction between hepatic metabolite production and their serum revelations through metabolomics researches.
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37
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Butera G, Pacchiana R, Mullappilly N, Margiotta M, Bruno S, Conti P, Riganti C, Donadelli M. Mutant p53 prevents GAPDH nuclear translocation in pancreatic cancer cells favoring glycolysis and 2-deoxyglucose sensitivity. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1914-1923. [PMID: 30296496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive and devastating human malignancies. In about 70% of PDACs the tumor suppressor gene TP53 is mutated generally resulting in conformational changes of mutant p53 (mutp53) proteins, which acquire oncogenic functions triggering aggressiveness of cancers and alteration of energetic metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that mutant p53 prevents the nuclear translocation of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) stabilizing its cytoplasmic localization, thus supporting glycolysis of cancer cells and inhibiting cell death mechanisms mediated by nuclear GAPDH. We further show that the prevention of nuclear localization of GAPDH is mediated by both stimulation of AKT and repression of AMPK signaling, and is associated with the formation of the SIRT1:GAPDH complex. By using siRNA-GAPDH or an inhibitor of the enzyme, we functionally demonstrate that the maintenance of GAPDH in the cytosol has a critical impact on the anti-apoptotic and anti-autophagic effects driven by mutp53. Furthermore, the blockage of its mutp53-dependent cytoplasmic stabilization is able to restore the sensitivity of PDAC cells to the treatment with gemcitabine. Finally, our data suggest that mutp53-dependent enhanced glycolysis permits cancer cells to acquire sensitivity to anti-glycolytic drugs, such as 2-deoxyglucose, suggesting a potential personalized therapeutic approach in human cancers carrying mutant TP53 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nidula Mullappilly
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Bruno
- Food and Dug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Kunjithapatham R, Ganapathy-Kanniappan S. GAPDH with NAD +-binding site mutation competitively inhibits the wild-type and affects glucose metabolism in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2555-2563. [PMID: 30077773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid utilization of glucose is a metabolic signature of majority of cancers, hence enzymes of the glycolytic pathway remain attractive therapeutic targets. Recent reports have shown that targeting the glycolytic enzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an abundant, ubiquitous multifunctional protein frequently upregulated in cancer, affects cancer progression. Here, we report that a catalytically-deficient mutant-GAPDH competitively inhibits the wild-type, and disrupts glucose metabolism in cancer cells. METHODS Using site-directed mutagenesis, the human GAPDH clone was mutated at one of the NAD+-binding sites, (i.e.) arginine (R13) and isoleucine (I14) to glutamine (Q13) and phenylalanine (F14), respectively. The inhibitory role of the mutant-GAPDH, and its effect on energy metabolism and cancer phenotype was determined using in vitro and in vivo models of cancer. RESULTS The enzymatically-dysfunctional mutant-GAPDH competitively inhibited the wild-type GAPDH in a cell-free system. In cancer cells, ectopic expression of the mutant-GAPDH, but not the wild-type, inhibited the glycolytic capacity of cellular-GAPDH, and led to the induction of metabolic stress accompanied by a sharp decline in glucose-uptake. Furthermore, expression of mutant-GAPDH affected cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, structural analysis by bioinformatics revealed that the mutations at the NAD+-binding site altered the solvent-accessibility that perhaps affected the functionality of mutant-GAPDH. CONCLUSION Mutant-GAPDH affects the enzymatic function of cellular-GAPDH and disrupts energy metabolism. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings demonstrate that a minimal mutation at the NAD+-binding site is sufficient to generate a competitive but dysfunctional GAPDH, and its ectopic expression inhibits the wild-type to disrupt glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Kunjithapatham
- The Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shanmugasundaram Ganapathy-Kanniappan
- The Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Foxler DE, Bridge KS, Foster JG, Grevitt P, Curry S, Shah KM, Davidson KM, Nagano A, Gadaleta E, Rhys HI, Kennedy PT, Hermida MA, Chang TY, Shaw PE, Reynolds LE, McKay TR, Wang HW, Ribeiro PS, Plevin MJ, Lagos D, Lemoine NR, Rajan P, Graham TA, Chelala C, Hodivala-Dilke KM, Spendlove I, Sharp TV. A HIF-LIMD1 negative feedback mechanism mitigates the pro-tumorigenic effects of hypoxia. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:e8304. [PMID: 29930174 PMCID: PMC6079541 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive cellular response to low oxygen tensions is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), a family of heterodimeric transcription factors composed of HIF-α and HIF-β subunits. Prolonged HIF expression is a key contributor to cellular transformation, tumorigenesis and metastasis. As such, HIF degradation under hypoxic conditions is an essential homeostatic and tumour-suppressive mechanism. LIMD1 complexes with PHD2 and VHL in physiological oxygen levels (normoxia) to facilitate proteasomal degradation of the HIF-α subunit. Here, we identify LIMD1 as a HIF-1 target gene, which mediates a previously uncharacterised, negative regulatory feedback mechanism for hypoxic HIF-α degradation by modulating PHD2-LIMD1-VHL complex formation. Hypoxic induction of LIMD1 expression results in increased HIF-α protein degradation, inhibiting HIF-1 target gene expression, tumour growth and vascularisation. Furthermore, we report that copy number variation at the LIMD1 locus occurs in 47.1% of lung adenocarcinoma patients, correlates with enhanced expression of a HIF target gene signature and is a negative prognostic indicator. Taken together, our data open a new field of research into the aetiology, diagnosis and prognosis of LIMD1-negative lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Foxler
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Katherine S Bridge
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John G Foster
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Paul Grevitt
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sean Curry
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kunal M Shah
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kathryn M Davidson
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ai Nagano
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Emanuela Gadaleta
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Paul T Kennedy
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Miguel A Hermida
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ting-Yu Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Peter E Shaw
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Louise E Reynolds
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tristan R McKay
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Hsei-Wei Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Paulo S Ribeiro
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Dimitris Lagos
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Nicholas R Lemoine
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Prabhakar Rajan
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Trevor A Graham
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Ian Spendlove
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tyson V Sharp
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Yu L, Chen X, Wang L, Chen S. The sweet trap in tumors: aerobic glycolysis and potential targets for therapy. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38908-38926. [PMID: 26918353 PMCID: PMC5122440 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic change is one of the hallmarks of tumor, which has recently attracted a great of attention. One of main metabolic characteristics of tumor cells is the high level of glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen, known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. The energy production is much less in glycolysis pathway than that in tricarboxylic acid cycle. The molecular mechanism of a high glycolytic flux in tumor cells remains unclear. A large amount of intermediates derived from glycolytic pathway could meet the biosynthetic requirements of the proliferating cells. Hypoxia-induced HIF-1α, PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, and many other factors, such as oncogene activation and tumor suppressor inactivation, drive cancer cells to favor glycolysis over mitochondrial oxidation. Several small molecules targeting glycolytic pathway exhibit promising anticancer activity both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will focus on the latest progress in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis and discuss the potential targets for the tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xun Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liantang Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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42
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Dando I, Pacchiana R, Pozza ED, Cataldo I, Bruno S, Conti P, Cordani M, Grimaldi A, Butera G, Caraglia M, Scarpa A, Palmieri M, Donadelli M. UCP2 inhibition induces ROS/Akt/mTOR axis: Role of GAPDH nuclear translocation in genipin/everolimus anticancer synergism. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:176-189. [PMID: 28962872 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several studies indicate that mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) plays a pivotal role in cancer development by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by mitochondrial metabolism and by sustaining chemoresistance to a plethora of anticancer drugs. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of UCP2 triggers Akt/mTOR pathway in a ROS-dependent mechanism in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. This event reduces the antiproliferative outcome of UCP2 inhibition by genipin, creating the conditions for the synergistic counteraction of cancer cell growth with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. Inhibition of pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell growth and induction of apoptosis by genipin and everolimus treatment are functionally related to nuclear translocation of the cytosolic glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). The synthetic compound (S)-benzyl-2-amino-2-(S)-3-bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl-acetate (AXP3009), which binds GAPDH at its redox-sensitive Cys152, restores cell viability affected by the combined treatment with genipin and everolimus, suggesting a role for ROS production in the nuclear translocation of GAPDH. Caspase-mediated apoptosis by genipin and everolimus is further potentiated by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine revealing a protective role for Beclin1-mediated autophagy induced by the treatment. Mice xenograft of pancreatic adenocarcinoma further confirmed the antiproliferative outcome of drug combination without toxic effects for animals. Tumor masses from mice injected with UCP2 and mTOR inhibitors revealed a strong reduction in tumor volume and number of mitosis associated with a marked GAPDH nuclear positivity. Altogether, these results reveal novel mechanisms through which UCP2 promotes cancer cell proliferation and support the combined inhibition of UCP2 and of Akt/mTOR pathway as a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Dando
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Raffaella Pacchiana
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Dalla Pozza
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ivana Cataldo
- Applied Research on Cancer Centre (ARC-Net) and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruno
- Food and Dug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cordani
- Biochemistry Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (CSIC-UAM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Grimaldi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Butera
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Applied Research on Cancer Centre (ARC-Net) and Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marta Palmieri
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Donadelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, Biochemistry Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Zhang X, Wan JX, Ke ZP, Wang F, Chai HX, Liu JQ. TMEM88, CCL14 and CLEC3B as prognostic biomarkers for prognosis and palindromia of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317708900. [PMID: 28718365 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317708900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most mortal and prevalent cancers with increasing incidence worldwide. Elucidating genetic driver genes for prognosis and palindromia of hepatocellular carcinoma helps managing clinical decisions for patients. In this study, the high-throughput RNA sequencing data on platform IlluminaHiSeq of hepatocellular carcinoma were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas with 330 primary hepatocellular carcinoma patient samples. Stable key genes with differential expressions were identified with which Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards test in R language. Driver genes influencing the prognosis of this disease were determined using clustering analysis. Functional analysis of driver genes was performed by literature search and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Finally, the selected driver genes were verified using external dataset GSE40873. A total of 5781 stable key genes were identified, including 156 genes definitely related to prognoses of hepatocellular carcinoma. Based on the significant key genes, samples were grouped into five clusters which were further integrated into high- and low-risk classes based on clinical features. TMEM88, CCL14, and CLEC3B were selected as driver genes which clustered high-/low-risk patients successfully (generally, p = 0.0005124445). Finally, survival analysis of the high-/low-risk samples from external database illustrated significant difference with p value 0.0198. In conclusion, TMEM88, CCL14, and CLEC3B genes were stable and available in predicting the survival and palindromia time of hepatocellular carcinoma. These genes could function as potential prognostic genes contributing to improve patients' outcomes and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- 1 Department of Radiology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Wan
- 2 Department of Medical Ultrasonics, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and The Second People's Hospital of Huai'an, Huai'an, China
| | - Zun-Ping Ke
- 3 Department of Cardiology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- 4 Department of Gynecology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Xia Chai
- 5 Department of Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Qiang Liu
- 6 Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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44
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Roy A, Ahir M, Bhattacharya S, Parida PK, Adhikary A, Jana K, Ray M. Induction of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in triple negative breast carcinoma cells by methylglyoxal via generation of reactive oxygen species. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2086-2103. [PMID: 28418078 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tends to form aggressive tumors associated with high mortality and morbidity which urge the need for development of new therapeutic strategies. Recently, the normal metabolite Methylglyoxal (MG) has been documented for its anti-proliferative activity against human breast cancer. However, the mode of action of MG against TNBC remains open to question. In our study, we investigated the anticancer activity of MG in MDA MB 231 and 4T1 TNBC cell lines and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. MG dose-dependently caused cell death, induced apoptosis, and generated ROS in both the TNBC cell lines. Furthermore, such effects were attenuated in presence of ROS scavenger N-Acetyl cysteine. MG triggered mitochondrial cytochrome c release in the cytosol and up-regulated Bax while down-regulated anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Additionally, MG treatment down-regulated phospho-akt and inhibited the nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. MG exhibited a tumor suppressive effect in BALB/c mouse 4T1 breast tumor model as well. The cytotoxic effect was studied using MTT assay. Apoptosis, ROS generation, and mitochondrial dysfunction was evaluated by flow cytometry as well as fluorescence microscopy. Western blot assay was performed to analyze proteins responsible for apoptosis. This study demonstrated MG as a potent anticancer agent against TNBC both in vitro and in vivo. The findings will furnish fresh insights into the treatment of this subgroup of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Manisha Ahir
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Saurav Bhattacharya
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Arghya Adhikary
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuladip Jana
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Manju Ray
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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45
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Roy M, Finley SD. Computational Model Predicts the Effects of Targeting Cellular Metabolism in Pancreatic Cancer. Front Physiol 2017; 8:217. [PMID: 28446878 PMCID: PMC5388762 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of energy metabolism is a hallmark of cancer that enables the cancer cells to meet the increased energetic requirements due to uncontrolled proliferation. One prominent example is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, an aggressive form of cancer with an overall 5-year survival rate of 5%. The reprogramming mechanism in pancreatic cancer involves deregulated uptake of glucose and glutamine and other opportunistic modes of satisfying energetic demands in a hypoxic and nutrient-poor environment. In the current study, we apply systems biology approaches to enable a better understanding of the dynamics of the distinct metabolic alterations in KRAS-mediated pancreatic cancer, with the goal of impeding early cell proliferation by identifying the optimal metabolic enzymes to target. We have constructed a kinetic model of metabolism represented as a set of ordinary differential equations that describe time evolution of the metabolite concentrations in glycolysis, glutaminolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and the pentose phosphate pathway. The model is comprised of 46 metabolites and 53 reactions. The mathematical model is fit to published enzyme knockdown experimental data. We then applied the model to perform in silico enzyme modulations and evaluate the effects on cell proliferation. Our work identifies potential combinations of enzyme knockdown, metabolite inhibition, and extracellular conditions that impede cell proliferation. Excitingly, the model predicts novel targets that can be tested experimentally. Therefore, the model is a tool to predict the effects of inhibiting specific metabolic reactions within pancreatic cancer cells, which is difficult to measure experimentally, as well as test further hypotheses toward targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahua Roy
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stacey D Finley
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA.,Chemical Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
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Ganapathy-Kanniappan S. Taming Tumor Glycolysis and Potential Implications for Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2017; 7:36. [PMID: 28348977 PMCID: PMC5346534 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune evasion and deregulation of energy metabolism play a pivotal role in cancer progression. Besides the coincidence in their historical documentation and concurrent recognition as hallmarks of cancer, both immune evasion and metabolic deregulation may be functionally linked as well. For example, the metabolic phenotype, particularly tumor glycolysis (aerobic glycolysis), impacts the tumor microenvironment (TME), which in turn acts as a major barrier for successful targeting of cancer by antitumor immune cells and other therapeutics. Similarly, in the light of recent research, it has been known that some of the immune sensitive antigens that are downregulated in cancer may also be restored or induced by cellular/metabolic stress. For instance, cancer cells downregulate the cell surface ligands such as MHC class I chain-related (MIC) protein-(A/B) that are normally upregulated in disease/pathological conditions. Noteworthy, the MHC class I chain-related protein A and B (MIC-A/B) are recognized by natural killer (NK) cells for immune elimination. Interestingly, MIC-A/B is stress inducible as demonstrated by oxidative stress and other cellular-stress factors. Consequently, stimulation of metabolic stress has also been shown to sensitize cancer cells to NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Taken together, data from recent reports imply that dysregulation of tumor glycolysis could facilitate induction of immune sensitive surface ligands leading to increased efficacy of antitumor immunotherapeutics. Nonetheless, dysregulated tumor glycolysis may also impact the TME and alter it from acidic, low pH into a therapeutically desirable TME that can enhance the effective infiltration of antitumor immune cells. In this mini-review, targeting tumor glycolysis has been discussed to evaluate its potential implications to enhance and/or facilitate anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugasundaram Ganapathy-Kanniappan
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
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Zhou L, Wang Z, Xu X, Wan Y, Qu K, Fan H, Chen Q, Sun X, Liu C. Nek7 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 7:18620-30. [PMID: 26921196 PMCID: PMC4951314 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NIMA-related kinase-7 (Nek7) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in cell-cycle progression via mitotic spindle formation and cytokinesis. In this study, we investigated whether Nek7 involves in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Interestingly, we found that Nek7 was significantly overexpressed in HCC than in liver tissues. In HCC patients, high Nek7 expression was significantly correlated with tumor numbers, tumor diameter, adjacent organs invasion, tumor grade and TNM stage. Furthermore, Nek7 expression pattern showed close relationship with that of Ki-67, a well-stablished cell proliferation marker. More importantly, patients with higher expression levels of Nek7 had significantly lower 5-years survival rate. Likewise, Nek7 expression was significantly higher in HCC cell lines than normal hepatic cell line. By Nek7 silencing using lentivirus-mediated Nek7 interference approach, the growth of HCC cell lines was inhibited and the tumor growth in xenograft mouse model was also suppressed. Mechanistic studies showed that silencing of Nek7 resulted in decreasing cyclinB1 level both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, this study highlights for the first time the possible role of Nek7 in HCC progression. Nek7 would be a useful biomarker that early predicts HCC patients at higher risk of poor prognosis. Also, Nek7 could be a novel HCC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xinsen Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haining Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qiangpu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Binzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Shang RZ, Qu SB, Wang DS. Reprogramming of glucose metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma: Progress and prospects. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9933-9943. [PMID: 28018100 PMCID: PMC5143760 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i45.9933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers, and its rate of incidence is rising annually. Despite the progress in diagnosis and treatment, the overall prognoses of HCC patients remain dismal due to the difficulties in early diagnosis and the high level of tumor invasion, metastasis and recurrence. It is urgent to explore the underlying mechanism of HCC carcinogenesis and progression to find out the specific biomarkers for HCC early diagnosis and the promising target for HCC chemotherapy. Recently, the reprogramming of cancer metabolism has been identified as a hallmark of cancer. The shift from the oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway to the glycolysis pathway in HCC meets the demands of rapid cell proliferation and offers a favorable microenvironment for tumor progression. Such metabolic reprogramming could be considered as a critical link between the different HCC genotypes and phenotypes. The regulation of metabolic reprogramming in cancer is complex and may occur via genetic mutations and epigenetic modulations including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, signaling pathways, noncoding RNAs, and glycolytic enzymes etc. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of glycolysis in HCC may enrich our knowledge of hepatocellular carcinogenesis and provide important foundations in the search for novel diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for HCC.
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Marín-Hernández Á, Rodríguez-Zavala JS, Del Mazo-Monsalvo I, Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Moreno-Sánchez R, Saavedra E. Inhibition of Non-flux-Controlling Enzymes Deters Cancer Glycolysis by Accumulation of Regulatory Metabolites of Controlling Steps. Front Physiol 2016; 7:412. [PMID: 27721794 PMCID: PMC5033973 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis provides precursors for the synthesis of macromolecules and may contribute to the ATP supply required for the constant and accelerated cellular duplication in cancer cells. In consequence, inhibition of glycolysis has been reiteratively considered as an anti-cancer therapeutic option. In previous studies, kinetic modeling of glycolysis in cancer cells allowed the identification of the main steps that control the glycolytic flux: glucose transporter, hexokinase (HK), hexose phosphate isomerase (HPI), and glycogen degradation in human cervix HeLa cancer cells and rat AS-30D ascites hepatocarcinoma. It was also previously experimentally determined that simultaneous inhibition of the non-controlling enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), pyruvate kinase (PYK), and enolase (ENO) brings about significant decrease in the glycolytic flux of cancer cells and accumulation of intermediate metabolites, mainly fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (Fru1,6BP), and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP), which are inhibitors of HK and HPI, respectively. Here it was found by kinetic modeling that inhibition of cancer glycolysis can be attained by blocking downstream non flux-controlling steps as long as Fru1,6BP and DHAP, regulatory metabolites of flux-controlling enzymes, are accumulated. Furthermore, experimental results and further modeling showed that oxamate and iodoacetate inhibitions of PYK, ENO, and glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), but not of LDH and phosphoglycerate kinase, induced accumulation of Fru1,6BP and DHAP in AS-30D hepatoma cells. Indeed, PYK, ENO, and GAPDH exerted the highest control on the Fru1,6BP and DHAP concentrations. The high levels of these metabolites inhibited HK and HPI and led to glycolytic flux inhibition, ATP diminution, and accumulation of toxic methylglyoxal. Hence, the anticancer effects of downstream glycolytic inhibitors are very likely mediated by this mechanism. In parallel, it was also found that uncompetitive inhibition of the flux-controlling steps is a more potent mechanism than competitive and mixed-type inhibition to efficiently perturb cancer glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Emma Saavedra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Mexico City, Mexico
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Co-expression of LASS2 and TGF-β1 predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32421. [PMID: 27581744 PMCID: PMC5007525 DOI: 10.1038/srep32421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Longevity assurance homolog 2 of yeast LAG1 (LASS2) has been reported to act as an important tumor suppressor in the development of human cancers. However, little is known about the prognostic value of LASS2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) . In the present study, we analyzed correlation between LASS2 and TGF-β1 levels, and evaluated their prognostic values in HCC patients. We first analyzed the expression of LASS2 and TGF-β1 in two independent cohorts (test cohort: 184 HCC patients; validation cohort: 118 HCC patients) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were executed to evaluate the prognosis of HCC. The results of IHC analysis revealed a positive correlation between the expression of LASS2 and TGF-β1. HCC Patients with low expression of LASS2 and TGF-β1 had shorter overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) than patients with high expression of LASS2 and TGF-β1. Furthermore, combination of LASS2 and TGF-β1 was an independent and significant risk factor for OS and TTR. In conclusion, low expression of LASS2 and TGF-β1 contributes to the aggressiveness and poor prognosis of HCC, and may represent a novel prognostic biomarker for HCC patients.
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