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Ding Q, Cai J, Jin L, Hu W, Song W, Rose P, Tang Z, Zhan Y, Bao L, Lei W, Zhu YZ. A novel small molecule ZYZ384 targeting SMYD3 for hepatocellular carcinoma via reducing H3K4 trimethylation of the Rac1 promoter. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e711. [PMID: 39286779 PMCID: PMC11401973 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
SMYD3 (SET and MYND domain-containing 3) is a histone lysine methyltransferase highly expressed in different types of cancer(s) and is a promising epigenetic target for developing novel antitumor therapeutics. No selective inhibitors for this protein have been developed for cancer treatment. Therefore, the current study describes developing and characterizing a novel small molecule ZYZ384 screened and synthesized based on SMYD3 structure. Virtual screening was initially used to identify a lead compound and followed up by modification to get the novel molecules. Several technologies were used to facilitate compound screening about these novel molecules' binding affinities and inhibition activities with SMYD3 protein; the antitumor activity has been assessed in vitro using various cancer cell lines. In addition, a tumor-bearing nude mice model was established, and the activity of the selected molecule was determined in vivo. Both RNA-seq and chip-seq were performed to explore the antitumor mechanism. This work identified a novel small molecule ZYZ384 targeting SMYD3 with antitumor activity and impaired hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth by reducing H3K4 trimethylation of the Rac1 promoter triggering the tumor cell cycle arrest through the AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
- Joint Laboratory of TCM Innovation (Transformation) of Guizhou and Macau Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang China
| | - Jianghong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
| | - Wu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
| | - Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Medical School of Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Navy Military Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Leilei Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Navy Military Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Wei Lei
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai China
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2
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Histone Modifications Represent a Key Epigenetic Feature of Epithelial-to-Mesenchyme Transition in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054820. [PMID: 36902253 PMCID: PMC10003015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignant diseases due to its high invasiveness, early metastatic properties, rapid disease progression, and typically late diagnosis. Notably, the capacity for pancreatic cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is key to their tumorigenic and metastatic potential, and is a feature that can explain the therapeutic resistance of such cancers to treatment. Epigenetic modifications are a central molecular feature of EMT, for which histone modifications are most prevalent. The modification of histones is a dynamic process typically carried out by pairs of reverse catalytic enzymes, and the functions of these enzymes are increasingly relevant to our improved understanding of cancer. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms through which histone-modifying enzymes regulate EMT in pancreatic cancer.
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PAI-1 is a potential transcriptional silencer that supports bladder cancer cell activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12186. [PMID: 35842542 PMCID: PMC9288475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16518-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular activity of Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is well described, acting as an inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator, impacting fibrinolysis. Recent studies have revealed a pro-tumorigenic role of PAI-1 in human cancers, via the regulation of angiogenesis and tumor cell survival. In this study, immunohistochemical staining of 939 human bladder cancer specimens showed that PAI-1 expression levels correlated with tumor grade, tumor stage and overall survival. The typical subcellular localization of PAI-1 is cytoplasmic, but in approximately a quarter of the cases, PAI-1 was observed to be localized to both the tumor cell cytoplasm and the nucleus. To investigate the potential function of nuclear PAI-1 in tumor biology we applied chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing, gene expression profiling, and rapid immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry to a pair of bladder cancer cell lines. ChIP-sequencing revealed that PAI-1 can bind DNA at distal intergenic regions, suggesting a role as a transcriptional coregulator. The downregulation of PAI-1 in bladder cancer cell lines caused the upregulation of numerous genes, and the integration of ChIP-sequence and RNA-sequence data identified 57 candidate genes subject to PAI-1 regulation. Taken together, the data suggest that nuclear PAI-1 can influence gene expression programs and support malignancy.
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Ba-Alawi W, Kadambat Nair S, Li B, Mammoliti A, Smirnov P, Mer AS, Penn LZ, Haibe-Kains B. Bimodal gene expression in cancer patients provides interpretable biomarkers for drug sensitivity. Cancer Res 2022; 82:2378-2387. [PMID: 35536872 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-2395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Identifying biomarkers predictive of cancer cell response to drug treatment constitutes one of the main challenges in precision oncology. Recent large-scale cancer pharmacogenomic studies have opened new avenues of research to develop predictive biomarkers by profiling thousands of human cancer cell lines at the molecular level and screening them with hundreds of approved drugs and experimental chemical compounds. Many studies have leveraged these data to build predictive models of response using various statistical and machine learning methods. However, a common pitfall to these methods is the lack of interpretability as to how they make predictions, hindering the clinical translation of these models. To alleviate this issue, we used the recent logic modeling approach to develop a new machine learning pipeline that explores the space of bimodally expressed genes in multiple large in vitro pharmacogenomic studies and builds multivariate, nonlinear, yet interpretable logic-based models predictive of drug response. The performance of this approach was showcased in a compendium of the three largest in vitro pharmacogenomic data sets to build robust and interpretable models for 101 drugs that span 17 drug classes with high validation rates in independent datasets. These results along with in vivo and clinical validation, support a better translation of gene expression biomarkers between model systems using bimodal gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bo Li
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Linda Z Penn
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Exploration of the System-Level Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY003 for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: A Network Pharmacological Investigation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7160209. [PMID: 35591866 PMCID: PMC9113891 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7160209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal cancer with the lowest survival rate globally. Although the prescription of herbal drugs against PC is gaining increasing attention, their polypharmacological therapeutic mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Based on network pharmacology, we explored the anti-PC properties and system-level mechanisms of the herbal drug FDY003. FDY003 decreased the viability of human PC cells and strengthened their chemosensitivity. Network pharmacological analysis of FDY003 indicated the presence of 16 active phytochemical components and 123 PC-related pharmacological targets. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the PC-related targets of FDY003 participate in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation, cell cycle process, cell survival, and cell death. In addition, FDY003 was shown to target diverse key pathways associated with PC pathophysiology, namely, the PIK3-Akt, MAPK, FoxO, focal adhesion, TNF, p53, HIF-1, and Ras pathways. Our network pharmacological findings advance the mechanistic understanding of the anti-PC properties of FDY003 from a system perspective.
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Biyanee A, Yusenko MV, Klempnauer KH. Src-Family Protein Kinase Inhibitors Suppress MYB Activity in a p300-Dependent Manner. Cells 2022; 11:1162. [PMID: 35406726 PMCID: PMC8997952 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have disclosed transcription factor MYB as a potential drug target for malignancies that are dependent on deregulated MYB function, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Although transcription factors are often regarded as undruggable, successful targeting of MYB by low-molecular-weight compounds has recently been demonstrated. In an attempt to repurpose known drugs as novel MYB-inhibitory agents, we have screened libraries of approved drugs and drug-like compounds for molecules with MYB-inhibitory potential. Here, we present initial evidence for the MYB-inhibitory activity of the protein kinase inhibitors bosutinib, PD180970 and PD161570, that we identified in a recent screen. We show that these compounds interfere with the activity of the MYB transactivation domain, apparently by disturbing the ability of MYB to cooperate with the coactivator p300. We show that treatment of the AML cell line HL60 with these compounds triggers the up-regulation of the myeloid differentiation marker CD11b and induces cell death. Importantly, we show that these effects are significantly dampened by forced expression of an activated version of MYB, confirming that the ability to suppress MYB function is a relevant activity of these compounds. Overall, our work identifies several protein kinase inhibitors as novel MYB-inhibitory agents and suggests that the inhibition of MYB function may play a role in their pharmacological impact on leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karl-Heinz Klempnauer
- Institute for Biochemistry, Westfälische-Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany; (A.B.); (M.V.Y.)
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7
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The Current State of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) from FFPE Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031103. [PMID: 35163027 PMCID: PMC8834906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells accumulate epigenomic aberrations that contribute to cancer initiation and progression by altering both the genomic stability and the expression of genes. The awareness of such alterations could improve our understanding of cancer dynamics and the identification of new therapeutic strategies and biomarkers to refine tumor classification and treatment. Formalin fixation and paraffin embedding (FFPE) is the gold standard to preserve both tissue integrity and organization, and, in the last decades, a huge number of biological samples have been archived all over the world following this procedure. Recently, new chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) techniques have been developed to allow the analysis of histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) and transcription factor (TF) distribution in FFPE tissues. The application of ChIP to genome-wide chromatin studies using real archival samples represents an unprecedented opportunity to conduct retrospective clinical studies thanks to the possibility of accessing large cohorts of samples and their associated diagnostic records. However, although recent attempts to standardize have been made, fixation and storage conditions of clinical specimens are still extremely variable and can affect the success of chromatin studies. The procedures introduced in the last few years dealt with this problem proponing successful strategies to obtain high-resolution ChIP profiles from FFPE archival samples. In this review, we compare the different FFPE-ChIP techniques, highlighting their strengths, limitations, common features, and peculiarities, as well as pitfalls and caveats related to ChIP studies in FFPE samples, in order to facilitate their application.
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Rueda-Robles A, Audano M, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Rubio-Tomás T. Functions of SMYD proteins in biological processes: What do we know? An updated review. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 712:109040. [PMID: 34555372 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifiers, such as methyltransferases, play crucial roles in the regulation of many biological processes, including development, cancer and multiple physiopathological conditions. SUMMARY The Su(Var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste and Trithorax (SET) and Myeloid, Nervy, and DEAF-1 (MYND) domain-containing (SMYD) protein family consists of five members in humans and mice (i.e. SMYD1, SMYD2, SMYD3, SMYD4 and SMYD5), which are known or predicted to have methyltransferase activity on histone and non-histone substrates. The abundance of information concerning SMYD2 and SMYD3 is of note, whereas the other members of the SMYD family have not been so thoroughly studied CONCLUSION: Here we review the literature regarding SMYD proteins published in the last five years, including basic molecular biology mechanistic studies using in vitro systems and animal models, as well as human studies with a more translational or clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Matteo Audano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana I Álvarez-Mercado
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013, Herakleion, Crete, Greece.
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9
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Bosnakovski D, Ener ET, Cooper MS, Gearhart MD, Knights KA, Xu NC, Palumbo CA, Toso EA, Marsh GP, Maple HJ, Kyba M. Inactivation of the CIC-DUX4 oncogene through P300/CBP inhibition, a therapeutic approach for CIC-DUX4 sarcoma. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:68. [PMID: 34642317 PMCID: PMC8511258 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-021-00357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CIC-DUX4 sarcoma (CDS) is a highly aggressive and metastatic small round type of predominantly pediatric sarcoma driven by a fusion oncoprotein comprising the transcriptional repressor Capicua (CIC) fused to the C-terminal transcriptional activation domain of DUX4. CDS rapidly develops resistance to chemotherapy, thus novel specific therapies are greatly needed. We demonstrate that CIC-DUX4 requires P300/CBP to induce histone H3 acetylation, activate its targets, and drive oncogenesis. We describe the synthetic route to a selective and highly potent P300/CBP inhibitor named iP300w and related stereoisomers, and find that iP300w efficiently suppresses CIC-DUX4 transcriptional activity and reverses CIC-DUX4 induced acetylation. iP300w is active at 100-fold lower concentrations than related stereoisomers or A-485. At low doses, iP300w shows specificity to CDS cancer cell lines, rapidly inducing cell cycle arrest and preventing growth of established CDS xenograft tumors when delivered in vivo. The effectiveness of iP300w to inactivate CIC-DUX4 highlights a promising therapeutic opportunity for CDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darko Bosnakovski
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Minneapolis, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA. .,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Goce Delchev - Shtip, Shtip, 2000, Republic of North Macedonia.
| | - Elizabeth T Ener
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Mark S Cooper
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road, Avonmouth, Bristol, UK
| | - Micah D Gearhart
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Kevin A Knights
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road, Avonmouth, Bristol, UK
| | - Natalie C Xu
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Christian A Palumbo
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Erik A Toso
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Minneapolis, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Graham P Marsh
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road, Avonmouth, Bristol, UK
| | - Hannah J Maple
- Bio-Techne (Tocris), The Watkins Building, Atlantic Road, Avonmouth, Bristol, UK
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Minneapolis, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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10
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Liu XY, Guo CH, Xi ZY, Xu XQ, Zhao QY, Li LS, Wang Y. Histone methylation in pancreatic cancer and its clinical implications. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:6004-6024. [PMID: 34629816 PMCID: PMC8476335 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i36.6004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive human cancer. Appropriate methods for the diagnosis and treatment of PC have not been found at the genetic level, thus making epigenetics a promising research path in studies of PC. Histone methylation is one of the most complicated types of epigenetic modifications and has proved crucial in the development of PC. Histone methylation is a reversible process regulated by readers, writers, and erasers. Some writers and erasers can be recognized as potential biomarkers and candidate therapeutic targets in PC because of their unusual expression in PC cells compared with normal pancreatic cells. Based on the impact that writers have on the development of PC, some inhibitors of writers have been developed. However, few inhibitors of erasers have been developed and put to clinical use. Meanwhile, there is not enough research on the reader domains. Therefore, the study of erasers and readers is still a promising area. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanism of histone methylation, and the diagnosis and chemotherapy of PC based on it. The future of epigenetic modification in PC research is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Yu Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chuan-Hao Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xi
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xin-Qi Xu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing-Yang Zhao
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Sha Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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Li ZY, Sun XY. Recent progress in SRC targeted therapy for pancreatic cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:621-627. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i12.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of only 10% and is extremely resistant to chemotherapy. Therefore, developing effective therapeutic drugs is urgently needed. SRC is a proto-oncogenic tyrosine protein kinase and highly expressed in more than 70% of PCs. SRC is involved in regulating the proliferation, infiltration, and metastasis of PC cells as well as tumor angiogenesis, thus representing one of the most promising molecular targets for developing novel drugs. Preclinical studies demonstrate that small-molecule SRC inhibitors display significant anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo, and have a synergistic effect with conventional chemotherapy drugs against PC. Some SRC inhibitors have been evaluated in clinical trials. This article analyzes the regulatory mechanism of SRC and the recent progress and problems in developing drugs targeting SRC for the treatment of PC. Unfortunately, up to date no SRC inhibitor or regiment containing SRC inhibitors has been approved for the clinical treatment of PC. In the authors' opinion, the introduction of precision medicine principles to carry out SRC inhibitor clinical trials, combination of immunotherapy and SRC inhibitors, seeking more selective and effective SRC inhibitors, and further exploration of the SRC regulatory network may be the future directions for developing SRC-targeted therapies against PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Li
- Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xue-Ying Sun
- Hepatosplenic Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
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12
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Src Family Kinases as Therapeutic Targets in Advanced Solid Tumors: What We Have Learned so Far. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061448. [PMID: 32498343 PMCID: PMC7352436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src is the prototypal member of Src Family tyrosine Kinases (SFKs), a large non-receptor kinase class that controls multiple signaling pathways in animal cells. SFKs activation is necessary for the mitogenic signal from many growth factors, but also for the acquisition of migratory and invasive phenotype. Indeed, oncogenic activation of SFKs has been demonstrated to play an important role in solid cancers; promoting tumor growth and formation of distant metastases. Several drugs targeting SFKs have been developed and tested in preclinical models and many of them have successfully reached clinical use in hematologic cancers. Although in solid tumors SFKs inhibitors have consistently confirmed their ability in blocking cancer cell progression in several experimental models; their utilization in clinical trials has unveiled unexpected complications against an effective utilization in patients. In this review, we summarize basic molecular mechanisms involving SFKs in cancer spreading and metastasization; and discuss preclinical and clinical data highlighting the main challenges for their future application as therapeutic targets in solid cancer progression
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13
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Bagnato G, Leopizzi M, Urciuoli E, Peruzzi B. Nuclear Functions of the Tyrosine Kinase Src. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082675. [PMID: 32290470 PMCID: PMC7215861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Src is the representative member of the Src-family kinases (SFKs), a group of tyrosine kinases involved in several cellular processes. Its main function has been for long confined to the plasma membrane/cytoplasm compartment, being a myristoylated protein anchored to the cell membrane and functioning downstream to receptors, most of them lacking intrinsic kinase activity. In the last decades, new roles for some SFKs have been described in the nuclear compartment, suggesting that these proteins can also be involved in directly regulating gene transcription or nucleoskeleton architecture. In this review, we focused on those nuclear functions specifically attributable to Src, by considering its function as both tyrosine kinase and adapting molecule. In particular, we addressed the Src involvement in physiological as well as in pathological conditions, especially in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bagnato
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (E.U.)
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnology, Polo Pontino, Sapienza University, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Enrica Urciuoli
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (E.U.)
| | - Barbara Peruzzi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (E.U.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zhu CL, Huang Q. Overexpression of the SMYD3 Promotes Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Pancreatic Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:489-499. [PMID: 31441002 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Suvar, Enhancer of zeste, and Trithorax (SET), myeloid-Nervy-DEAF-1 (MYND) domain-containing protein 3 (SMYD3), was reported to be upregulated in various tumors. However, its role in pancreatic cancer progression remains unclear. AIMS To explore the role of SMYD3 in the pancreatic cancer. METHODS The expressions of SMYD3, caspase-3, and matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP-2) were detected in pancreatic cancer and non-tumor tissues by immunohistochemistry. The CCK-8 and transwell assays were performed to test proliferation, migration, and invasion ability in short hairpin RNA (shRNA-SMYD3) pancreatic cancer cell line SW1190. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of SMYD3, caspase-3, and MMP-2 in SW1990 cell line and shRNA-SMYD3 SW1990 cell line. RESULTS The expressions of SMYD3, caspase-3, and MMP-2 were upregulated in pancreatic cancer. The SMYD3 was positively associated with caspase-3 and MMP-2 expressions in pancreatic cancer tissues. SMYD3, TNM stages, histological differentiation, and lymph node metastasis were identified as an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, interfered SMYD3 expression in SW1990 cell line significantly reduced the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. RT-PCR and Western blot showed the expression of MMP-2 decreased in shRNA-SMYD3 SW1990 cell line, but no significant change was observed in the caspase-3 expression. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of SMYD3 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer, and SMYD3 may affect the pancreatic cancer progression by regulating MMP-2 rather than caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, No. 17 Lujiang Road, Hefei, 230001, China.
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15
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Deb B, George IA, Sharma J, Kumar P. Phosphoproteomics Profiling to Identify Altered Signaling Pathways and Kinase-Targeted Cancer Therapies. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2051:241-264. [PMID: 31552632 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9744-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation is one of the most extensively studied posttranslational modifications (PTM), which regulates cellular functions like cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell signaling. Kinase families cover a wide number of oncoproteins and are strongly associated with cancer. Identification of driver kinases is an intense area of cancer research. Thus, kinases serve as the potential target to improve the efficacy of targeted therapies. Mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomic approach has paved the way to the identification of a large number of altered phosphorylation events in proteins and signaling cascades that may lead to oncogenic processes in a cell. Alterations in signaling pathways result in the activation of oncogenic processes predominantly regulated by kinases and phosphatases. Therefore, drugs such as kinase inhibitors, which target dysregulated pathways, represent a promising area for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Deb
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Irene A George
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, India. .,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India.
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16
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Liu R, Zhang Z, Yang H, Zhou K, Geng M, Zhou W, Zhang M, Huang X, Li Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a new class of histone acetyltransferase p300 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:171-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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c-Src Recruitment is Involved in c-MET-Mediated Malignant Behaviour of NT2D1 Non-Seminoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020320. [PMID: 30646583 PMCID: PMC6358843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
c-MET pathway over-activation is the signature of malignancy acquisition or chemotherapy resistance of many cancers. We recently demonstrated that type II Testicular Germ Cell Tumours (TGCTs) express c-MET receptor. In particular, we elucidated that the non-seminoma lesions express c-MET protein at higher level, compared with the seminoma ones. In line with this observation, NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2D1) non-seminoma cells increase their proliferation, migration and invasion in response to Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF). One of the well-known adaptor-proteins belonging to c-MET signaling cascade is c-Src. Activation of c-Src is related to the increase of aggressiveness of many cancers. For this reason, we focused on the role of c-Src in c-MET-triggered and HGF-dependent NT2D1 cell activities. In the present paper, we have elucidated that this adaptor-protein is involved in HGF-dependent NT2D1 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, since Src inhibitor-1 administration abrogates these responses. Despite these biological evidences western blot analyses have not revealed the increase of c-Src activation because of HGF administration. However, notably, immunofluorescence analyses revealed that cytoplasmic and membrane-associated localization of c-Src shifted to the nuclear compartment after HGF stimulation. These results shed new light in the modality of HGF-dependent c-Src recruitment, and put the basis for novel investigations on the relationship between c-Src, and TGCT aggressiveness.
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18
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Kim ES, Choi JY, Hwang SJ, Bae IH. Hypermethylation of miR-205-5p by IR Governs Aggressiveness and Metastasis via Regulating Bcl-w and Src. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 14:450-464. [PMID: 30743214 PMCID: PMC6369268 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although radiotherapy has been successfully applied to treat many cancer types, surviving cancer cells often acquire therapeutic resistance, leading to increased risk of local recurrence and distant metastases via modification of the tumor microenvironment. Previously, we reported that high expression of Bcl-w in cancer patients is significantly correlated with poor survival as well as malignant activity. However, the relationship between ionizing radiation (IR)-induced resistance and Bcl-w expression in cancer cells is currently unclear. We showed that IR-induced Bcl-w contributes to EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition), migration, angiogenesis, stemness maintenance, and metastasis by promoting the expression of factors related to these phenotypes, both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, IR enhanced hypermethylation of miR-205-5p CpG islands through Src activation, leading to decreased miR-205-5p expression and, in turn, potentially stimulating Bcl-w-mediated malignant activity and metastasis. The clinical applicability of Bcl-w and miR-205-5p from cells or animal models was confirmed using tissues and plasma of breast carcinoma patients. Based on the collective findings, we propose that miR-205-5ps as important negative mediators of resistance in radiotherapy could serve as useful potential targets of concurrently applied genetic therapy aimed to inhibit tumor aggressiveness and enhance the efficiency of radiotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Choi
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hwa Bae
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Fucic A, Aghajanyan A, Culig Z, Le Novere N. Systems Oncology: Bridging Pancreatic and Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1269-1277. [PMID: 30220022 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0467-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Large investments by pharmaceutical companies in the development of new antineoplastic drugs have not been resulting in adequate advances of new therapies. Despite the introduction of new methods, technologies, translational medicine and bioinformatics, the usage of collected knowledge is unsatisfactory. In this paper, using examples of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PaC) and castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), we proposed a concept showing that, in order to improve applicability of current knowledge in oncology, the re-clustering of clinical and scientific data is crucial. Such an approach, based on systems oncology, would include bridging of data on biomarkers and pathways between different cancer types. Proposed concept would introduce a new matrix, which enables combining of already approved therapies between cancer types. Paper provides a (a) detailed analysis of similarities in mechanisms of etiology and progression between PaC and CRPC, (b) diabetes as common hallmark of both cancer types and (c) knowledge gaps and directions of future investigations. Proposed horizontal and vertical matrix in cancer profiling has potency to improve current antineoplastic therapy efficacy. Systems biology map using Systems Biology Graphical Notation Language is used for summarizing complex interactions and similarities of mechanisms in biology of PaC and CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fucic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - A Aghajanyan
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Z Culig
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) has a Role in the Reprogramming of Cancer Stem Cell-Like Cells to Less Aggressive and More Drug-Sensitive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051423. [PMID: 29747452 PMCID: PMC5983664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokeratin 19 (KRT19) is a cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein, which is responsible for structural rigidity and multipurpose scaffolds. In several cancers, KRT19 is overexpressed and may play a crucial role in tumorigenic transformation. In our previous study, we revealed the role of KRT19 as signaling component which mediated Wnt/NOTCH crosstalk through NUMB transcription in breast cancer. Here, we investigated the function of KRT19 in cancer reprogramming and drug resistance in breast cancer cells. We found that expression of KRT19 was attenuated in several patients-derived breast cancer tissues and patients with a low expression of KRT19 were significantly correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Consistently, highly aggressive and drug-resistant breast cancer patient-derived cancer stem cell-like cells (konkuk university-cancer stem cell-like cell (KU-CSLCs)) displayed higher expression of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, including ALDH1, CXCR4, and CD133, but a much lower expression of KRT19 than that is seen in highly aggressive triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells. Moreover, we revealed that the knockdown of KRT19 in MDA-MB231 cells led to an enhancement of cancer properties, such as cell proliferation, sphere formation, migration, and drug resistance, while the overexpression of KRT19 in KU-CSLCs resulted in the significant attenuation of cancer properties. KRT19 regulated cancer stem cell reprogramming by modulating the expression of cancer stem cell markers (ALDH1, CXCR4, and CD133), as well as the phosphorylation of Src and GSK3β (Tyr216). Therefore, our data may imply that the modulation of KRT19 expression could be involved in cancer stem cell reprogramming and drug sensitivity, which might have clinical implications for cancer or cancer stem cell treatment.
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21
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All-trans-retinoic acid activates the pro-invasive Src-YAP-Interleukin 6 axis in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells while cerivastatin reverses this action. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7047. [PMID: 29728589 PMCID: PMC5935706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, can reduce the malignant phenotype in some types of cancer and paradoxically also can promote cancer growth and invasion in others. For instance, it has been reported that RA induces tumor suppression in tumor xenografts of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells while increasing tumor growth and metastases in xenografts of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The signaling pathways involved in the pro-invasive action of retinoic acid remain mostly unknown. We show here that RA activates the pro-invasive axis Src-YAP-Interleukin 6 (Src-YAP-IL6) in triple negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, yielding to increased invasion of these cells. On the contrary, RA inhibits the Src-YAP-IL6 axis of triple-negative MDA-MB-468 cells, which results in decreased invasion phenotype. In both types of cells, inhibition of the Src-YAP-IL6 axis by the Src inhibitor PP2 drastically reduces migration and invasion. Src inhibition also downregulates the expression of a pro-invasive isoform of VEGFR1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, interference of YAP nuclear translocation using the statin cerivastatin reverses the upregulation of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and the pro-invasive effect of RA on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and also decreases invasion and viability of MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. These results altogether suggest that RA induces pro-invasive or anti-invasive actions in two triple-negative breast cancer cell lines due to its ability to activate or inhibit the Src-YAP-IL6 axis in different cancer cells. The pro-invasive effect of RA can be reversed by the statin cerivastatin.
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22
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Boudreau HE, Ma WF, Korzeniowska A, Park JJ, Bhagwat MA, Leto TL. Histone modifications affect differential regulation of TGFβ- induced NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) by wild-type and mutant p53. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44379-44397. [PMID: 28574838 PMCID: PMC5546487 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we showed wild-type (WT) and mutant (mut) p53 differentially regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4): p53-WT suppresses TGFβ-induced NOX4, ROS and cell migration, whereas tumor-associated mut-p53 proteins enhance NOX4 expression and cell migration. Here, we extended our findings on the effects of p53 on NOX4 in several tumors and examined the basis of NOX4 transcriptional regulation by p53 and SMAD3. Statistical analysis of expression data from primary tumors available from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) detected correlations between mut-p53 and increased NOX4 expression. Furthermore, by altering p53 levels in cell culture models we showed several common tumor-associated mutant forms support TGFβ/SMAD3-dependent NOX4 expression. Deletion analysis revealed two critical SMAD3 binding elements (SBE) required for mut-p53-dependent NOX4 induction, whereas p53-WT caused dose-dependent suppression of NOX4 transcription. ChIP analysis revealed SMAD3 and p53-WT or mut-p53 associate with SBEs and p53 response elements in a TGFβ-dependent manner. Interestingly, the repressive effects of p53-WT on NOX4 were relieved by mutation of its transactivation domain or histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor treatment. Overexpression of p300, a transcriptional co-regulator and histone acetyltransferase (HAT), enhanced p53-mediated NOX4 induction, whereas HAT-inactive p300 reduced NOX4 expression. Mut-p53 augmented TGFβ-stimulated histone acetylation within the NOX4 promoter. Finally, wound assays demonstrated NOX4 and p300 promote TGFβ/mut-p53-mediated cell migration. Our studies provide new insight into TGFβ/SMAD3 and mut-p53-mediated NOX4 induction involving epigenetic control of NOX4 in tumor cell migration, suggesting NOX4 is a potential therapeutic target to combat tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard E Boudreau
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Feng Ma
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan J Park
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Medha A Bhagwat
- Bioinformatics Support Program, National Institutes of Health Library, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas L Leto
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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23
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Cocco E, Leo M, Canzonetta C, Di Vito S, Mai A, Rotili D, Di Napoli A, Vecchione A, De Nunzio C, Filetici P, Stoppacciaro A. KAT3B-p300 and H3AcK18/H3AcK14 levels are prognostic markers for kidney ccRCC tumor aggressiveness and target of KAT inhibitor CPTH2. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:44. [PMID: 29632619 PMCID: PMC5885315 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney cancer and clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) are the 16th most common cause of death worldwide. ccRCC is often metastasized at diagnosis, and surgery remains the main treatment; therefore, early diagnosis and new therapeutic strategies are highly desirable. KAT inhibitor CPTH2 lowers histone H3 acetylation and induces apoptosis in colon cancer and cultured cerebellar granule neurons. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of CPTH2 on ccRCC 786-O cell line and analyzed drug targets expressed in ccRCC tumor tissues at different grade. Results CPTH2 decreases cell viability, adhesion, and invasiveness in ccRCC cell line 786-O. It shows preferential inhibition for KAT3B-p300 with hypoacetilating effects on histone H3 at specific H3-K18. Immunohistochemical analysis of 70 ccRCC tumor tissues compared with peritumoral normal epithelium showed a statistical significant reduction of p300/H3AcK18 paralleled by an increase of H3AcK14 in G1 grade and an opposed trend during tumor progression to worst grades. In this study, we demonstrate that these marks are CPTH2 targets and significative prognosticators of low-grade ccRCC tumor. Conclusions ccRCC is substantially insensitive to current therapies, and the efficacy of clinical treatment is dependent on the dissemination stage of the tumor. The present study shows that CPTH2 is able to induce apoptosis and decrease the invasiveness of a ccRCC cell line through the inhibition of KAT3B. In a tumor tissue analysis, we identified new prognosticator marks in grade G1 ccRCC tumors. Low KAT3B/H3AcK18 vs. high H3AcK14 were found in G1 while an opposed trend characterized tumor progression to worst grades. Our collected results suggest that CPTH2 reducing KAT3B and H3AcK18 can be considered a promising candidate for counteracting the progression of ccRCC tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0473-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Cocco
- 1Surgical Pathology Units, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Leo
- 2Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin", La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Canzonetta
- 3Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Di Vito
- 4Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology-CNR, La Sapienza University of Rome, P.le, A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- 5Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, La Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- 5Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, La Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Napoli
- 1Surgical Pathology Units, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- 1Surgical Pathology Units, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo De Nunzio
- 6Urology Unit, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Filetici
- 4Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology-CNR, La Sapienza University of Rome, P.le, A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Stoppacciaro
- 1Surgical Pathology Units, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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24
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Huang C, Zhang Z, Chen L, Lee HW, Ayrapetov MK, Zhao TC, Hao Y, Gao J, Yang C, Mehta GU, Zhuang Z, Zhang X, Hu G, Chin YE. Acetylation within the N- and C-Terminal Domains of Src Regulates Distinct Roles of STAT3-Mediated Tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29531159 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihan Chen
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hank W Lee
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Marina K Ayrapetov
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine-Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine-Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Yimei Hao
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinsong Gao
- Departments of Surgery and Medicine, Brown University School of Medicine-Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chunzhang Yang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Gautam U Mehta
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zhengping Zhuang
- Surgical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaoren Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Hu
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- Translation Medicine Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Wang YM, Gu ML, Meng FS, Jiao WR, Zhou XX, Yao HP, Ji F. Histone acetyltransferase p300/CBP inhibitor C646 blocks the survival and invasion pathways of gastric cancer cell lines. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:1860-1868. [PMID: 29075795 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferases (HATs) adenovirus E1A-associated protein (p300) and CREB binding protein (CBP) serve as coactivators during a diverse assortment of cellular processes. In the present study, p300 and CBP were highly expressed in 5 gastric cancer (GC) cell lines (SGC‑7901, MKN45, MGC-803, BGC-823 and KATO III) compared with human normal gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1). C646, a selective inhibitor of p300 and CBP, inhibited cell viability and cell cycle and promoted cell apoptosis in all 5 GC cell lines. In addition, C646 suppressed the migration and invasion capability of the GC cell lines, except for the middle-differentiated SGC-7901 cell line. Furthermore, we detected the differential expression of corresponding oncogenic signalling molecules, such as c-Met, Akt, Bcl-2, Bax, cyclin D1, MMP7 and MMP9, in GC cells following C646 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that C646 inhibits the acetylation of histone H3 via inactivation of p300 and CBP, resulting in antineoplastic effects toward GC cells. Thus, the selective HAT inhibitor C646 could be a promising antitumour reagent for GC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Mei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Li Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Sheng Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Rui Jiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Hang-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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26
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Ardito F, Giuliani M, Perrone D, Troiano G, Lo Muzio L. The crucial role of protein phosphorylation in cell signaling and its use as targeted therapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:271-280. [PMID: 28656226 PMCID: PMC5500920 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 713] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important cellular regulatory mechanism as many enzymes and receptors are activated/deactivated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation events, by means of kinases and phosphatases. In particular, the protein kinases are responsible for cellular transduction signaling and their hyperactivity, malfunction or overexpression can be found in several diseases, mostly tumors. Therefore, it is evident that the use of kinase inhibitors can be valuable for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of action of phosphorylation, with particular attention to the importance of phosphorylation under physiological and pathological conditions. We also discuss the possibility of using kinase inhibitors in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ardito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Michele Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Donatella Perrone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Troiano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lo Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Foggia University, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
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27
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Hilliard TS, Miklossy G, Chock C, Yue P, Williams P, Turkson J. 15α-methoxypuupehenol Induces Antitumor Effects In Vitro and In Vivo against Human Glioblastoma and Breast Cancer Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:601-613. [PMID: 28069875 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Studies with 15α-methoxypuupehenol (15α-MP), obtained from the extracts of Hyrtios species, identified putative targets that are associated with its antitumor effects against human glioblastoma and breast cancer. In the human glioblastoma (U251MG) or breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells, treatment with 15α-MP repressed pY705Stat3, pErk1/2, pS147CyclinB1, pY507Alk (anaplastic lymphoma kinase), and pY478ezrin levels and induced pS10merlin, without inhibiting pJAK2 (Janus kinase) or pAkt induction. 15α-MP treatment induced loss of viability of breast cancer (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468) and glioblastoma (U251MG) lines and glioblastoma patient-derived xenograft cells (G22) that harbor aberrantly active Stat3, with only moderate or little effect on the human breast cancer, MCF7, colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2, normal human lung fibroblast, WI-38, or normal mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF Stat3fl/fl) lines that do not harbor constitutively active Stat3 or the Stat3-null (Stat3-/-) mouse astrocytes. 15α-MP-treated U251MG cells have severely impaired F-actin organization and altered morphology, including the cells rounding up, and undergo apoptosis, compared with a moderate, reversible morphology change observed for similarly treated mouse astrocytes. Treatment further inhibited U251MG or MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, colony formation, and migration in vitro while only moderately or weakly affecting MCF7 cells or normal mouse astrocytes. Oral gavage delivery of 15α-MP inhibited the growth of U251MG subcutaneous tumor xenografts in mice, associated with apoptosis in the treated tumor tissues. Results together suggest that the modulation of Stat3, CyclinB1, Alk, ezrin, merlin, and Erk1/2 functions contributes to the antitumor effects of 15α-MP against glioblastoma and breast cancer progression. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(4); 601-13. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyvette S Hilliard
- Cancer Biology and Natural Products Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Gabriella Miklossy
- Cancer Biology and Natural Products Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Christopher Chock
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Peibin Yue
- Cancer Biology and Natural Products Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Philip Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - James Turkson
- Cancer Biology and Natural Products Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
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28
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Rajajeyabalachandran G, Kumar S, Murugesan T, Ekambaram S, Padmavathy R, Jegatheesan SK, Mullangi R, Rajagopal S. Therapeutical potential of deregulated lysine methyltransferase SMYD3 as a safe target for novel anticancer agents. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 21:145-157. [PMID: 28019723 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1272580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION SET and MYND domain containing-3 (SMYD3) is a member of the lysine methyltransferase family of proteins, and plays an important role in the methylation of various histone and non-histone targets. Proper functioning of SMYD3 is very important for the target molecules to determine their different roles in chromatin remodeling, signal transduction and cell cycle control. Due to the abnormal expression of SMYD3 in tumors, it is projected as a prognostic marker in various solid cancers. Areas covered: Here we elaborate on the general information, structure and the pathological role of SMYD3 protein. We summarize the role of SMYD3-mediated protein interactions in oncology pathways, mutational effects and regulation of SMYD3 in specific types of cancer. The efficacy and mechanisms of action of currently available SMYD3 small molecule inhibitors are also addressed. Expert opinion: The findings analyzed herein demonstrate that aberrant levels of SMYD3 protein exert tumorigenic effects by altering the epigenetic regulation of target genes. The partial involvement of SMYD3 in some distinct pathways provides a vital opportunity in targeting cancer effectively with fewer side effects. Further, identification and co-targeting of synergistic oncogenic pathways is suggested, which could provide much more beneficial effects for the treatment of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Swetha Kumar
- a Bioinformatics, Jubilant Biosys Ltd ., Bangalore , India
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29
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Stratton MS, McKinsey TA. Epigenetic regulation of cardiac fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:206-13. [PMID: 26876451 PMCID: PMC4987078 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), resulting in tissue scarring and organ dysfunction. In the heart, fibrosis may be reparative, replacing areas of myocyte loss with a structural scar following infarction, or reactive, which is triggered in the absence of cell death and involves interstitial ECM deposition in response to long-lasting stress. Interstitial fibrosis can increase the passive stiffness of the myocardium, resulting in impaired relaxation and diastolic dysfunction. Additionally, fibrosis can lead to disruption of electrical conduction in the heart, causing arrhythmias, and can limit myocyte oxygen availability and thus exacerbate myocardial ischemia. Here, we review recent studies that have illustrated key roles for epigenetic events in the control of pro-fibrotic gene expression, and highlight the potential of small molecules that target epigenetic regulators as a means of treating fibrotic cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Stratton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Center for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045-0508, United States
| | - Timothy A McKinsey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Center for Fibrosis Research and Translation, University of Colorado Denver, 12700 E. 19th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045-0508, United States.
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