1
|
Ooi VY, Yeh TY. Recent Advances and Mechanisms of Phage-Based Therapies in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9938. [PMID: 39337427 PMCID: PMC11432602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing interest in bacteriophage technology has prompted its novel applications to treat different medical conditions, most interestingly cancer. Due to their high specificity, manipulability, nontoxicity, and nanosize nature, phages are promising carriers in targeted therapy and cancer immunotherapy. This approach is particularly timely, as current challenges in cancer research include damage to healthy cells, inefficiency in targeting, obstruction by biological barriers, and drug resistance. Some cancers are being kept at the forefront of phage research, such as colorectal cancer and HCC, while others like lymphoma, cervical cancer, and myeloma have not been retouched in a decade. Common mechanisms are immunogenic antigen display on phage coats and the use of phage as transporters to carry drugs, genes, and other molecules. To date, popular phage treatments being tested are gene therapy and phage-based vaccines using M13 and λ phage, with some vaccines having advanced to human clinical trials. The results from most of these studies have been promising, but limitations in phage-based therapies such as reticuloendothelial system clearance or diffusion inefficiency must be addressed. Before phage-based therapies for cancer can be successfully used in oncology practice, more in-depth research and support from local governments are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting-Yu Yeh
- Agricultural Biotechnology Laboratory, Auxergen Inc., Riti Rossi Colwell Center, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Travassos R, Martins SA, Fernandes A, Correia JDG, Melo R. Tailored Viral-like Particles as Drivers of Medical Breakthroughs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6699. [PMID: 38928403 PMCID: PMC11204272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the recognized potential of nanoparticles, only a few formulations have progressed to clinical trials, and an even smaller number have been approved by the regulatory authorities and marketed. Virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional nanoparticles due to their safety, biocompatibility, immunogenicity, structural stability, scalability, and versatility. Furthermore, VLPs can be surface-functionalized with small molecules to improve circulation half-life and target specificity. Through the functionalization and coating of VLPs, it is possible to optimize the response properties to a given stimulus, such as heat, pH, an alternating magnetic field, or even enzymes. Surface functionalization can also modulate other properties, such as biocompatibility, stability, and specificity, deeming VLPs as potential vaccine candidates or delivery systems. This review aims to address the different types of surface functionalization of VLPs, highlighting the more recent cutting-edge technologies that have been explored for the design of tailored VLPs, their importance, and their consequent applicability in the medical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Travassos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (R.T.); (S.A.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Sofia A. Martins
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (R.T.); (S.A.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Ana Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (R.T.); (S.A.M.); (A.F.)
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (R.T.); (S.A.M.); (A.F.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Rita Melo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, CTN, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139.7), 2695-066 Bobadela, Portugal; (R.T.); (S.A.M.); (A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hussain MS, Moglad E, Afzal M, Gupta G, Hassan Almalki W, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Kukreti N, Gupta S, Kumar D, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, Dua K. Non-coding RNA mediated regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapeutic perspectives. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155303. [PMID: 38728793 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the primary reasons for fatalities caused by cancer globally, highlighting the need for comprehensive knowledge of its molecular aetiology to develop successful treatment approaches. The PI3K/Akt system is essential in the course of HCC, rendering it an intriguing candidate for treatment. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are important mediators of the PI3K/Akt network in HCC. The article delves into the complex regulatory functions of ncRNAs in influencing the PI3K/Akt system in HCC. The study explores how lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs impact the expression as well as the function of the PI3K/Akt network, either supporting or preventing HCC growth. Additionally, treatment strategies focusing on ncRNAs in HCC are examined, such as antisense oligonucleotide-based methods, RNA interference, and small molecule inhibitor technologies. Emphasizing the necessity of ensuring safety and effectiveness in clinical settings, limitations, and future approaches in using ncRNAs as therapies for HCC are underlined. The present study offers useful insights into the complex regulation system of ncRNAs and the PI3K/Akt cascade in HCC, suggesting possible opportunities for developing innovative treatment approaches to address this lethal tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Chameli Devi Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Khandwa Road, Village Umrikheda, Near Toll Booth, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452020, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rashwan HH, Taher AM, Hassan HA, Awaji AA, Kiriacos CJ, Assal RA, Youness RA. Harnessing the supremacy of MEG3 LncRNA to defeat gastrointestinal malignancies. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155223. [PMID: 38452587 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in the carcinogenesis and progression of various human malignancies including gastrointestinal malignancies. This comprehensive review reports the functions and mechanisms of the lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) involved in gastrointestinal malignancies. It summarizes its roles in mediating the regulation of cellular proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasiveness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and drug resistance in several gastrointestinal cancers such as colorectal cancer, gall bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors and most importantly, hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, the authors briefly highlight its implicated mechanistic role and interactions with different non-coding RNAs and oncogenic signaling cascades. This review presents the rationale for developing non coding RNA-based anticancer therapy via harnessing the power of MEG3 in gastrointestinal malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Rashwan
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), Cairo 11835, Egypt; Bioinformatics Group, Center for Informatics Science (CIS), School of Information Technology and Computer Science (ITCS), Nile University, 12677, Giza, Egypt
| | - A M Taher
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - H A Hassan
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - A A Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - C J Kiriacos
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - R A Assal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, Cairo, Egypt
| | - R A Youness
- Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry Department, Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Faculty of Biotechnology, German International University (GIU), Cairo 11835, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Davodabadi F, Mirinejad S, Malik S, Dhasmana A, Ulucan-Karnak F, Sargazi S, Sargazi S, Fathi-Karkan S, Rahdar A. Nanotherapeutic approaches for delivery of long non-coding RNAs: an updated review with emphasis on cancer. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3881-3914. [PMID: 38353296 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05656b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) comprise a wide range of RNA species whose length exceeds 200 nucleotides, which regulate the expression of genes and cellular functions in a wide range of organisms. Several diseases, including malignancy, have been associated with lncRNA dysregulation. Due to their functions in cancer development and progression, lncRNAs have emerged as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Several studies have investigated the anti-cancer properties of lncRNAs; however, only a few lncRNAs have been found to exhibit tumor suppressor properties. Furthermore, their length and poor stability make them difficult to synthesize. Thus, to overcome the instability of lncRNAs, poor specificity, and their off-target effects, researchers have constructed nanocarriers that encapsulate lncRNAs. Recently, translational medicine research has focused on delivering lncRNAs into tumor cells, including cancer cells, through nano-drug delivery systems in vivo. The developed nanocarriers can protect, target, and release lncRNAs under controlled conditions without appreciable adverse effects. To deliver lncRNAs to cancer cells, various nanocarriers, such as exosomes, microbubbles, polymer nanoparticles, 1,2-dioleyl-3-trimethylammoniumpropane chloride nanocarriers, and virus-like particles, have been successfully developed. Despite this, every nanocarrier has its own advantages and disadvantages when it comes to delivering nucleic acids effectively and safely. This article examines the current status of nanocarriers for lncRNA delivery in cancer therapy, focusing on their potential to enhance cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Davodabadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shekoufeh Mirinejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi-834002, India.
| | - Archna Dhasmana
- Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Jolly Grant, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248140, India.
| | - Fulden Ulucan-Karnak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey.
| | - Sara Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Sonia Fathi-Karkan
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, 94531-55166, Iran
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 9414974877, Iran.
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol, P. O. Box. 98613-35856, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liang W, Zhao Y, Meng Q, Jiang W, Deng S, Xue J. The role of long non-coding RNA in hepatocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4052-4073. [PMID: 38334963 PMCID: PMC10929815 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent liver malignancy with complex etiology and generally poor prognosis. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), non-protein-coding RNA molecules exceeding 200 nucleotides, have emerged as pivotal players in HCC, influencing its initiation, progression, invasion, and metastasis. These lncRNAs modulate gene expression at epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels, actively participating in the pathological and physiological processes of HCC. Understanding the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and HCC is important for improving prognosis and reducing mortality. This review summarizes advancements in elucidating the role of lncRNAs in HCC pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Liang
- Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
- Tumor Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Free University Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Qingxue Meng
- Technology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Wenjie Jiang
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Shoulong Deng
- National Health Commission of China (NHC) Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
- Tumor Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shah M, Sarkar D. HCC-Related lncRNAs: Roles and Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:597. [PMID: 38203767 PMCID: PMC10779127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents a significant global health threat, particularly in regions endemic to hepatitis B and C viruses, and because of the ongoing pandemic of obesity causing metabolic-dysfunction-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD), a precursor to HCC. The molecular intricacies of HCC, genetic and epigenetic alterations, and dysregulated signaling pathways facilitate personalized treatment strategies based on molecular profiling. Epigenetic regulation, encompassing DNA methyltion, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, functions as a critical layer influencing HCC development. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are spotlighted for their diverse roles in gene regulation and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer. In this review, we explore the pivotal role of lncRNAs in HCC, including MAFLD and viral hepatitis, the most prevalent risk factors for hepatocarcinogenesis. The dysregulation of lncRNAs is implicated in HCC progression by modulating chromatin regulation and transcription, sponging miRNAs, and influencing structural functions. The ongoing studies on lncRNAs contribute to a deeper comprehension of HCC pathogenesis and offer promising routes for precision medicine, highlighting the utility of lncRNAs as early biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimansha Shah
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, and VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dang M, Wu LJ, Zhang SR, Zhu JR, Hu YZ, Yang CX, Zhang XY. MS2 Virus-like Particles as a Versatile Peptide Presentation Platform: Insights into the Deterministic Abilities for Accommodating Heterologous Peptide Lengths. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:3704-3715. [PMID: 37946498 PMCID: PMC10729756 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.3c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are nanostructures with the potential to present heterologous peptides at high density, thereby triggering heightened immunogenicity. RNA bacteriophage MS2 VLPs are a compelling delivery platform among them. However, a notable hurdle arises from the immune response toward MS2 coat protein, swiftly eliminating subsequent vaccinations via the same vector. Although larger inserts effectively mask carrier epitopes, current research predominantly focuses on displaying short conserved peptides (<30 aa). A systematic evaluation regarding the deterministic ability of MS2 VLPs as a platform for presenting heterologous peptides remains a gap. In light of this, we employed the "single-chain dimer" paradigm to scrutinize the tolerance of MS2 VLPs for peptide/protein insertions. The results unveiled functional MS2 VLP assembly solely for inserts smaller than 91 aa. Particularly noteworthy is the largest insertion achieved on the MS2 VLPs to date: the RNA helicase A (RHA) dsRNA-binding domains (dsRBD1). Attempts to introduce additional linkers or empty coat subunits fail to augment the expression level or assembly of the MS2 VLPs displaying dsRBD1, affirming 91 aa as the upper threshold for exogenous protein presentation. By illuminating the precise confines of MS2 VLPs in accommodating distinct peptide lengths, our study informs the selection of appropriate peptide and protein dimensions. This revelation not only underscores the scope of MS2 VLPs but also establishes a pivotal reference point, facilitating the strategic manipulation of MS2 VLPs to design next-generation epitope/antibody-based therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Dang
- Qinba
State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment,
College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 10 Keng Ridge Crescent, 119260, Singapore
| | - Long J. Wu
- Qinba
State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment,
College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Si R. Zhang
- Xi’an
Middle School of Shaanxi Province, Fengcheng Wulu 69, Weiyang, Xi’an 710006, China
- Department
of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
- HSS,
Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - Jian R. Zhu
- School of
Pharmacy, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
| | - Yu Z. Hu
- Qinba
State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment,
College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Chen X. Yang
- Qinba
State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment,
College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
| | - Xiao Y. Zhang
- Qinba
State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment,
College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, China
- Centre
of Molecular & Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qian J, Jiang M, Ding Z, Gu D, Bai H, Cai M, Yao D. Role of Long Non-coding RNA in Nerve Regeneration. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37937941 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2280446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Nerve injury can be caused by a variety of factors. It often takes a long time to repair a nerve injury and severe nerve injury is even difficult to heal. Therefore, increasing attention has focused on nerve injury and repair. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a newly discovered non-coding RNA with a wide range of biological activities. Numerous studies have shown that a variety of lncRNAs undergo changes in expression after nerve injury, indicating that lncRNAs may be involved in various biological processes of nerve repair and regeneration. Herein, we summarize the biological roles of lncRNAs in neurons, glial cells and other cells during nerve injury and regeneration, which will help lncRNAs to be better applied in nerve injury and regeneration in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Maorong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Zihan Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Min Cai
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| | - Dengbing Yao
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tan JS, Jaffar Ali MNB, Gan BK, Tan WS. Next-generation viral nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutics: Fundamentals, methods, biomedical applications, and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:955-978. [PMID: 37339432 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2228202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are virus-based nanocarriers that have been studied extensively and intensively for biomedical applications. However, their clinical translation is relatively low compared to the predominating lipid-based nanoparticles. Therefore, this article describes the fundamentals, challenges, and solutions of the VNP-based platform, which will leverage the development of next-generation VNPs. AREAS COVERED Different types of VNPs and their biomedical applications are reviewed comprehensively. Strategies and approaches for cargo loading and targeted delivery of VNPs are examined thoroughly. The latest developments in controlled release of cargoes from VNPs and their mechanisms are highlighted too. The challenges faced by VNPs in biomedical applications are identified, and solutions are provided to overcome them. EXPERT OPINION In the development of next-generation VNPs for gene therapy, bioimaging and therapeutic deliveries, focus must be given to reduce their immunogenicity, and increase their stability in the circulatory system. Modular virus-like particles (VLPs) which are produced separately from their cargoes or ligands before all the components are coupled can speed up clinical trials and commercialization. In addition, removal of contaminants from VNPs, cargo delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB), and targeting of VNPs to organelles intracellularly are challenges that will preoccupy researchers in this decade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sen Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Norizwan Bin Jaffar Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bee Koon Gan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bhal S, Kundu CN. Targeting crosstalk of signaling pathways in cancer stem cells: a promising approach for development of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. Med Oncol 2023; 40:82. [PMID: 36662310 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Wnt, Hedgehog (Hh), and Notch signaling pathways are the evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways that regulate the embryonic development and also play crucial role in maintaining stemness properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), metastasis, and angiogenesis. It has been highly challenging to inhibit the CSCs growth and proliferation as these are capable of evading chemotherapeutic drugs and cause cancer recurrence through multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies to target the key players involved in the crosstalk of these signaling pathways need to be developed. In this review, we have identified the interacting molecules of Wnt, Hh, and Notch pathways responsible for enhancing the malignant properties of CSCs. Analyzing the functions of these crosstalk molecules will help us to find an approach toward the development of new anti-cancer drugs for inhibition of CSCs growth and progression. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play a significant role in various cellular processes, like chromatin remodeling, epigenetic modifications, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulations. Here, we have highlighted the research findings suggesting the involvement of LncRNAs in maintenance of the stemness properties of CSCs through modulation of the above-mentioned signaling pathways. We have also discussed about the different therapeutic approaches targeting those key players responsible for mediating the crosstalk between the pathways. Overall, this review article will surely help the cancer biologists to design novel anti-CSCs agents that will open up a new horizon in the field of anti-cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasmita Bhal
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to Be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sanmukh SG, Dos Santos NJ, Nascimento Barquilha C, De Carvalho M, Pintor Dos Reis P, Delella FK, Carvalho HF, Latek D, Fehér T, Felisbino SL. Bacterial RNA virus MS2 exposure increases the expression of cancer progression genes in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:86. [PMID: 36760518 PMCID: PMC9878357 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages effectively counteract diverse bacterial infections, and their ability to treat most types of cancer has been explored using phage engineering or phage-virus hybrid platforms. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the bacteriophage MS2 can affect the expression of genes associated with the proliferation and survival of LNCaP prostate epithelial cells. LNCaP cells were exposed to bacteriophage MS2 at a concentration of 1×107 plaque forming units/ml for 24-48 h. After exposure, various cellular parameters, including cell viability, morphology, and changes in gene expression, were examined. MS2 affected cell viability adversely, reducing viability by 25% in the first 4 h of treatment; however, cell viability recovered within 24-48 h. Similarly, the AKT, androgen receptor, integrin α5, integrin β1, MAPK1, MAPK3, STAT3, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α genes, which are involved in various normal cellular processes and tumor progression, were significantly upregulated, whereas the expression levels of HSP90, ITGB5, ITGB3, HSP27, ITGAV, and PI3K genes were unchanged. Therefore, based on viability and gene expression changes, bacteriophage MS2 severely impaired LNCaP cells by reducing anchorage-dependent survival and androgen signaling. A caveolin-mediated endocytosis mechanism for MS2-mediated signaling in prostate cancer cells was proposed based on reports involving bacteriophages T4, M13, and MS2, and their interactions with LNCaP and PC3 cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil Ganesh Sanmukh
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil,Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nilton José Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Nascimento Barquilha
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil,Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Márcio De Carvalho
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pintor Dos Reis
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Flávia Karina Delella
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F. Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Dorota Latek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tamás Fehér
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Center, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sérgio Luis Felisbino
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil,Correspondence to: Professor Sérgio Luis Felisbino, Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Sao Paulo State University, 250 Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-689, Brazil, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu J, Wang X, Zhu C, Wang K. A review of current evidence about lncRNA MEG3: A tumor suppressor in multiple cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:997633. [PMID: 36544907 PMCID: PMC9760833 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.997633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) is a lncRNA located at the DLK1-MEG3 site of human chromosome 14q32.3. The expression of MEG3 in various tumors is substantially lower than that in normal adjacent tissues, and deletion of MEG3 expression is involved in the occurrence of many tumors. The high expression of MEG3 could inhibit the occurrence and development of tumors through several mechanisms, which has become a research hotspot in recent years. As a member of tumor suppressor lncRNAs, MEG3 is expected to be a new target for tumor diagnosis and treatment. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of MEG3 in different tumors and future challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers through MEG3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunming Zhu
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Chunming Zhu, ; Kefeng Wang,
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,*Correspondence: Chunming Zhu, ; Kefeng Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han S, Chen X, Huang L. The tumor therapeutic potential of long non-coding RNA delivery and targeting. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1371-1382. [PMID: 37139413 PMCID: PMC10149988 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is a type of RNA over 200 nt long without any protein coding ability, which has been investigated relating to crucial biological function in cells. There are many key lncRNAs in tumor/normal cells that serve as a biological marker or a new target for tumor treatment. However, compared to some small non-coding RNA, lncRNA-based drugs are limited in clinical application. Different from other non-coding RNA, like microRNAs, most lncRNAs have a high molecular weight and conserved secondary structure, making the delivery of lncRNAs more complex than the small non-coding RNAs. Considering that lncRNAs constitute the most abundant part of the mammalian genome, it is critical to further explore lncRNA delivery and the subsequent functional studies for potential clinical application. In this review, we will discuss the function and mechanism of lncRNAs in diseases, especially cancer, and different approaches for lncRNA transfection using multiple biomaterials.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bacteriophage-Mediated Cancer Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214245. [PMID: 36430720 PMCID: PMC9697857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages have long been considered only as infectious agents that affect bacterial hosts. However, recent studies provide compelling evidence that these viruses are able to successfully interact with eukaryotic cells at the levels of the binding, entry and expression of their own genes. Currently, bacteriophages are widely used in various areas of biotechnology and medicine, but the most intriguing of them is cancer therapy. There are increasing studies confirming the efficacy and safety of using phage-based vectors as a systemic delivery vehicle of therapeutic genes and drugs in cancer therapy. Engineered bacteriophages, as well as eukaryotic viruses, demonstrate a much greater efficiency of transgene delivery and expression in cancer cells compared to non-viral gene transfer methods. At the same time, phage-based vectors, in contrast to eukaryotic viruses-based vectors, have no natural tropism to mammalian cells and, as a result, provide more selective delivery of therapeutic cargos to target cells. Moreover, numerous data indicate the presence of more complex molecular mechanisms of interaction between bacteriophages and eukaryotic cells, the further study of which is necessary both for the development of gene therapy methods and for understanding the cancer nature. In this review, we summarize the key results of research into aspects of phage-eukaryotic cell interaction and, in particular, the use of phage-based vectors for highly selective and effective systemic cancer gene therapy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Najafi S, Khatami SH, Khorsand M, Jamali Z, Shabaninejad Z, Moazamfard M, Majidpoor J, Aghaei Zarch SM, Movahedpour A. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs); roles in tumorigenesis and potentials as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis. Exp Cell Res 2022; 418:113294. [PMID: 35870535 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New research has indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in a broad range of biological processes, including the pathogenesis of many complex human diseases, including cancer. The detailed regulation mechanisms of many lncRNAs in cancer initiation and progression have yet to be discovered, even though a few of lncRNAs' functions in cancer have been characterized. In the present study, we summarize recent advances in the mechanisms and functions of lncRNAs in cancer. We focused on the roles of newly-identified lncRNAs as oncogenes and tumor suppressors, as well as the potential pathways these molecules could play. The paper also discusses their potential uses as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Khorsand
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Jamali
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jamal Majidpoor
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Disease Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohsen Aghaei Zarch
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang T, Yao Y, Hu X, Zhao Y. Message in hand: the application of CRISPRi, RNAi, and LncRNA in adenocarcinoma. Med Oncol 2022; 39:148. [PMID: 35834017 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gene editing interference technology has been flourishing for more than 30 years. It has always been a common means to interfere with the expression of particular genes. Today it has shown a broad application prospect in clinical treatment, especially in adenocarcinoma treatment. In just a few years, the CRISPRi technology has attracted much z attention with its precise targeting and convenient operability significantly promoted the transformation from bench to bedside, and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020. In recent years, the importance of non-coding RNA has led LncRNA research to the center. At the same time, it also recalls the surprises obtained in laboratory and clinic research by RNAi technologies such as microRNA, siRNA, and shRNA at the beginning of the century. Therefore, this article focuses on CRISPRi, RNAi, and LncRNA to review their gene interference mechanisms currently expected to be translational research. Their applications and differences in adenocarcinoma research will also be described powerfully. It will provide a helpful reference for scientists to understand better and apply several RNA interference technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
- Pathology Department, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Yunhong Yao
- Pathology Department, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xinrong Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
- Pathology Department, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Yi Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523713, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li HC, Yang CH, Lo SY. Long noncoding RNAs in hepatitis B virus replication and oncogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2823-2842. [PMID: 35978877 PMCID: PMC9280728 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i25.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several diverse long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to be involved in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and oncogenesis, especially those dysregulated in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most of these dysregulated lncRNAs are modulated by the HBV X protein. The regulatory mechanisms of some lncRNAs in HBV replication and oncogenesis have been characterized. Genetic polymorphisms of several lncRNAs affecting HBV replication or oncogenesis have also been studied. The prognosis of HCC remains poor. It is important to identify novel tumor markers for early diagnosis and find more therapeutic targets for effective treatments of HCC. Some dysregulated lncRNAs in HBV-related HCC may become biomarkers for early diagnosis and/or the therapeutic targets of HCC. This mini-review summarizes these findings briefly, focusing on recent developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Hing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yen Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhan X, Bai F, Lin S, Feng T, Tang X, Ding Y, Jin T. C5orf66 rs4976270/rs639933 Are Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in Southern Chinese Han Population: A Case-Control Study. Digestion 2022; 103:103-115. [PMID: 34818221 DOI: 10.1159/000518519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the common malignant tumors, with high mortality and poor prognosis. Our study aimed to determine the association between the long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) C5orf66 polymorphism and CRC risk in southern Chinese Han population. METHOD Using the experimental design of "case-control" study (512 cases and 513 controls), we selected 4 candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of C5orf66. All candidate SNPs were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between SNPs and CRC risk. Then, we used false-positive report probability analysis to detect whether the significant result is just a chance or noteworthy observation. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction was used to analyze the interaction of "SNP-SNP" in CRC risk. RESULTS Our results showed that C5orf66 SNPs rs4976270 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69, p = 0.021) and rs639933 (OR = 1.67, p = 0.024) were, respectively, associated with increasing CRC risk in the southern Chinese Han population. Stratified analysis showed that rs4976270 and rs639933 were significantly associated with an increased risk of CRC in subgroups (>60 years, body mass index ≤24 and drinking) under multiple genetic models. In addition, rs254563 and rs647161 also had potential association with CRC risk in subgroups (BMI ≤24 and drinking). Finally, haplotype analysis results showed that haplotype "TA" was significantly associated with increased CRC risk (OR = 1.21, confidence interval = 1.47-2.02, p = 0.043). CONCLUSION Our study provides a new idea for the risk assessment of CRC. LncRNA C5orf66 SNPs have a certain association with CRC risk in the southern Chinese Han population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyun Zhan
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Wanning, Wanning, China
| | - Fenghua Bai
- Department of Science and Education Department, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Sifeng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Wanning, Wanning, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Wanning, Wanning, China
| | - Xiaosi Tang
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Wanning, Wanning, China
| | - Yipeng Ding
- Department of General Practice, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Tianbo Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Intervention Research for Plateau Diseases of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xianyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University), Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Melixetian M, Pelicci PG, Lanfrancone L. Regulation of LncRNAs in Melanoma and Their Functional Roles in the Metastatic Process. Cells 2022; 11:577. [PMID: 35159386 PMCID: PMC8834033 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of numerous intracellular processes leading to tumorigenesis. They are frequently deregulated in cancer, functioning as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. As they act through multiple mechanisms, it is not surprising that they may exert dual functions in the same tumor. In melanoma, a highly invasive and metastatic tumor with the propensity to rapidly develop drug resistance, lncRNAs play different roles in: (i) guiding the phenotype switch and leading to metastasis formation; (ii) predicting the response of melanoma patients to immunotherapy; (iii) triggering adaptive responses to therapy and acquisition of drug resistance phenotypes. In this review we summarize the most recent findings on the lncRNAs involved in melanoma growth and spreading to distant sites, focusing on their role as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and patient prognosis, or targets for novel therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Melixetian
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (P.G.P.)
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (P.G.P.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfrancone
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (P.G.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Suffian IFBM, Al-Jamal KT. Bioengineering of virus-like particles as dynamic nanocarriers for in vivo delivery and targeting to solid tumours. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 180:114030. [PMID: 34736988 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are known as self-assembled, non-replicative and non-infectious protein particles, which imitate the formation and structure of original wild type viruses, however, lack the viral genome and/or their fragments. The capacity of VLPs to encompass small molecules like nucleic acids and others has made them as novel vessels of nanocarriers for drug delivery applications. In addition, VLPs surface have the capacity to achieve variation of the surface display via several modification strategies including genetic modification, chemical modification, and non-covalent modification. Among the VLPs nanocarriers, Hepatitis B virus core (HBc) particles have been the most encouraging candidate. HBc particles are hollow nanoparticles in the range of 30-34 nm in diameter and 7 nm thick envelopes, consisting of 180 or 240 copies of identical polypeptide monomer. They also employ a distinctive position among the VLPs carriers due to the high-level synthesis, which serves as a strong protective capsid shell and efficient self-assembly properties. This review highlights on the bioengineering of HBc particles as dynamic nanocarriers for in vivo delivery and specific targeting to solid tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izzat F B M Suffian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (Kuantan Campus), Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang J, Li D, Zhang R, Peng R, Li J. Delivery of microRNA-21-sponge and pre-microRNA-122 by MS2 virus-like particles to therapeutically target hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2463-2472. [PMID: 34644206 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211035689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and can serve as potential therapeutic targets. Therapeutic strategies increasing tumor-suppressive microRNAs and reducing oncogenic microRNAs have been developed. Herein, the effects of simultaneously altering two microRNAs using MS2 virus-like particles were studied. The sequences of microRNA-21-sponge and pre-microRNA-122 were connected and cloned into a virus-like particle expression vector. Virus-like particles containing microRNA-21-sponge and pre-microRNA-122 sequences were prepared and crosslinked with a cell-specific peptide targeting hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Delivery effects were studied using RT-qPCR and functional assays to investigate the level of target mRNAs, cell toxicity, and the effects of proliferation, invasion, and migration. Virus-like particles delivered miR-21-sponge into cells, with the Ct value reaching 10 at most. The linked pre-miR-122 was processed into mature miR-122. The mRNA targets of miR-21 were derepressed as predicted and upregulated 1.2-2.8-fold, and the expression of proteins was elevated correspondingly. Proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells were inhibited by miR-21-sponge. Simultaneous delivery of miR-21-sponge and miR-122 further decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion by up to 34%, 63%, and 65%, respectively. And the combination promoted the apoptosis of HCC cells. In conclusion, delivering miR-21-sponge and miR-122 using virus-like particles modified by cell-specific peptides is an effective and convenient strategy to correct microRNA dysregulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and is a promising therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Rongxue Peng
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Li
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing 100730, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) designed from shrimp nodavirus (MrNV) capsid protein specifically target EGFR-positive human colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16579. [PMID: 34400669 PMCID: PMC8367941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant MrNV capsid protein has been shown to effectively deliver plasmid DNA and dsRNA into Sf9 insect cells and shrimp tissues. To extend its application to cancer cell-targeting drug delivery, we created three different types of chimeric MrNV virus-like particles (VLPs) (R-MrNV, I-MrNV, and E-MrNV) that have specificity toward the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a cancer cell biomarker, by incorporating the EGFR-specific GE11 peptide at 3 different locations within the host cell recognition site of the capsid. All three chimeric MrNV-VLPs preserved the ability to form a mulberry-like VLP structure and to encapsulate EGFP DNA plasmid with an efficiency comparable to that previously reported for normal MrNV (N-MrNV). Compared to N-MrNV, the chimeric R-MrNV and E-MrNV carrying the exposed GE-11 peptide showed a significantly enhanced binding and internalization abilities that were specific towards EGFR expression in colorectal cancer cells (SW480). Specific targeting of chimeric MrNV to EGFR was proven by both EGFR silencing with siRNA vector and a competition with excess GE-11 peptide as well as the use of EGFR-negative colorectal cells (SW620) and breast cancer cells (MCF7). We demonstrated here that both chimeric R-MrNV and E-MrNV could be used to encapsulate cargo such as exogenous DNA and deliver it specifically to EGFR-positive cells. Our study presents the potential use of surface-modified VLPs of shrimp virus origin as nanocontainers for targeted cancer drug delivery.
Collapse
|
24
|
Ren X, Li L, Wu J, Lin K, He Y, Bian L. PDGF-BB regulates the transformation of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts via the lncRNA LURAP1L-AS1/LURAP1L/IKK/IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:537. [PMID: 34079593 PMCID: PMC8157341 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most abundant cells in the tumor microenvironment are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). They play an important role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB has an obvious regulating effect on the formation of CAFs through binding to PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-β, but the role of long non-coding (lnc)RNA in PDGF-BB-induced transformation of fibroblasts into CAFs remains poorly understood. Using an lncRNA ChIP, 370 lncRNA transcripts were identified to be significantly and differentially expressed between fibroblasts and PDGF-BB-induced fibroblasts, including 240 upregulated lncRNAs and 130 downregulated lncRNAs, indicating that lncRNAs are involved in the regulation of the transformation of CAFs. Previous studies have shown that the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in the activation of CAFs. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and co-immunoprecipitation were conducted to confirm that the leucine-rich adaptor protein 1-like (LURAP1L), which is the target of lncRNA LURAP1L antisense RNA 1 (LURAP1L-AS1) had a positive regulatory effect on I-κB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB signaling. Therefore, LURAP1L-AS1 was selected and PDGF-BB was demonstrated to upregulate the expression of LURAP1L-AS1 and LURAP1L, which was reversed by a PDGFR-β inhibitor. Subsequently, knocking down LURAP1L-AS1 suppressed the expression of PDGF-BB-induced fibroblast activation marker protein α-smooth muscle actin, fibroblast activation protein-α, PDGFR-β and phosphorylated (p)-PDGFR-β. IKKα, p-IĸB and p-NF-κB were downregulated by the knockdown of LURAP1L-AS1 and upregulated by overexpression of LURAP1L-AS1. The present study indicates that LURAP1L-AS1/LURAP1L/IKK/IĸB/NF-κB plays an important regulatory role in PDGF-BB-induced fibroblast activation and may become a potential target for the treatment of OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Ren
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 530102, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 530102, P.R. China
| | - Ken Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650034, P.R. China
| | - Yongwen He
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 530102, P.R. China
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lin X, Xiang X, Feng B, Zhou H, Wang T, Chu X, Wang R. Targeting Long Non-Coding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Progress and Prospects. Front Oncol 2021; 11:670838. [PMID: 34249710 PMCID: PMC8267409 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.670838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth-ranked cancer worldwide with a relatively low five-year survival rate. Long non-coding RNAs are a group of RNAs with remarkable aberrant expression which could act on multiple bioprocesses and ultimately impact upon tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, metastasis, apoptosis, and therapy resistance in cancer cells including hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In recent years, long non-coding RNAs have been reported to be indispensable targets in clinical target therapy to stop the growth of cancer and prolong the lifespan of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we enumerate the signaling pathways and life activities affected by long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cells to illustrate the role of long non-coding RNAs in the development and therapy resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosong Xiang
- Affiliated Jingling Hospital Research Institution of General Surgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Briolay T, Petithomme T, Fouet M, Nguyen-Pham N, Blanquart C, Boisgerault N. Delivery of cancer therapies by synthetic and bio-inspired nanovectors. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:55. [PMID: 33761944 PMCID: PMC7987750 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a complement to the clinical development of new anticancer molecules, innovations in therapeutic vectorization aim at solving issues related to tumor specificity and associated toxicities. Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field that offers various solutions to increase clinical efficacy and safety. MAIN: Here are presented the recent advances for different types of nanovectors of chemical and biological nature, to identify the best suited for translational research projects. These nanovectors include different types of chemically engineered nanoparticles that now come in many different flavors of 'smart' drug delivery systems. Alternatives with enhanced biocompatibility and a better adaptability to new types of therapeutic molecules are the cell-derived extracellular vesicles and micro-organism-derived oncolytic viruses, virus-like particles and bacterial minicells. In the first part of the review, we describe their main physical, chemical and biological properties and their potential for personalized modifications. The second part focuses on presenting the recent literature on the use of the different families of nanovectors to deliver anticancer molecules for chemotherapy, radiotherapy, nucleic acid-based therapy, modulation of the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy. CONCLUSION This review will help the readers to better appreciate the complexity of available nanovectors and to identify the most fitting "type" for efficient and specific delivery of diverse anticancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Briolay
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Morgane Fouet
- Université de Nantes, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bacteriophages as Therapeutic and Diagnostic Vehicles in Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020161. [PMID: 33671476 PMCID: PMC7923149 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of nanomedicine is the re-design of synthetic and biological carriers to implement novel theranostic platforms. In recent years, bacteriophage research favors this process, which has opened up new roads in drug and gene delivery studies. By displaying antibodies, peptides, or proteins on the surface of different bacteriophages through the phage display technique, it is now possible to unravel specific molecular determinants of both cancer cells and tumor-associated microenvironmental molecules. Downstream applications are manifold, with peptides being employed most of the times to functionalize drug carriers and improve their therapeutic index. Bacteriophages themselves were proven, in this scenario, to be good carriers for imaging molecules and therapeutics as well. Moreover, manipulation of their genetic material to stably vehiculate suicide genes within cancer cells substantially changed perspectives in gene therapy. In this review, we provide examples of how amenable phages can be used as anticancer agents, especially because their systemic administration is possible. We also provide some insights into how their immunogenic profile can be modulated and exploited in immuno-oncology for vaccine production.
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen Y, Li Z, Chen X, Zhang S. Long non-coding RNAs: From disease code to drug role. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:340-354. [PMID: 33643816 PMCID: PMC7893121 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous studies have corroborated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) extensively participate in crucial physiological processes such as metabolism and immunity, and are closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, cardiovascular diseases, nervous system disorders, nephropathy, and other diseases. The application of lncRNAs as biomarkers or intervention targets can provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This paper has focused on the emerging research into lncRNAs as pharmacological targets and has reviewed the transition of lncRNAs from the role of disease coding to acting as drug candidates, including the current status and progress in preclinical research. Cutting-edge strategies for lncRNA modulation have been summarized, including the sources of lncRNA-related drugs, such as genetic technology and small-molecule compounds, and related delivery methods. The current progress of clinical trials of lncRNA-targeting drugs is also discussed. This information will form a latest updated reference for research and development of lncRNA-based drugs.
Collapse
Key Words
- AD, Alzheimer's disease
- ANRIL, antisense noncoding RNA gene at the INK4 locus
- ASO, antisense oligonucleotide
- ASncmtRNA
- ASncmtRNA, antisense noncoding mitochondrial RNA
- BCAR4, breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4
- BDNF-AS, brain-derived neurotrophic factor antisense
- CASC9, cancer susceptibility candidate 9
- CDK, cyclin dependent kinase 1
- CHRF, cardiac hypertrophy related factor
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- Clinical trials
- DACH1, dachshund homolog 1
- DANCR, differentiation antagonizing non-protein coding RNA
- DKD, diabetic kidney disease
- DPF, diphenyl furan
- Delivery
- EBF3-AS, early B cell factor 3-antisense
- ENE, element for nuclear expression
- Erbb4-IR, Erb-B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4-immunoreactivity
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GAS5, growth arrest specific 5
- Gene therapy
- HISLA, HIF-1α-stabilizing long noncoding RNA
- HOTAIR, HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA
- HULC, highly upregulated in liver cancer
- LIPCAR, long intergenic noncoding RNA predicting cardiac remodeling
- LNAs, locked nucleic acids
- LncRNAs
- MALAT1, metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1
- MEG3, maternally expressed gene 3
- MHRT, myosin heavy chain associated RNA transcripts
- MM, multiple myeloma
- NEAT1, nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1
- NKILA, NF-kappaB interacting lncRNA
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Norad, non-coding RNA activated by DNA damage
- OIP5-AS1, opa-interacting protein 5 antisense transcript 1
- PD, Parkinson's disease
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PNAs, peptide nucleic acids
- PTO, phosphorothioate
- PVT1, plasmacytoma variant translocation 1
- RGD, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide
- RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex
- SALRNA1, senescence associated long non-coding RNA 1
- SNHG1, small nucleolar RNA host gene 1
- Small molecules
- SncmtRNA, sense noncoding mitochondrial RNA
- THRIL, TNF and HNRNPL related immunoregulatory
- TTTY15, testis-specific transcript, Y-linked 15
- TUG1, taurine-upregulated gene 1
- TWIST1, twist family BHLH transcription factor 1
- Targeted drug
- TncRNA, trophoblast-derived noncoding RNA
- Translational medicine
- UCA1, urothelial carcinoma-associated 1
- UTF1, undifferentiated transcription factor 1
- XIST, X-inactive specific transcript
- lincRNA-p21, long intergenic noncoding RNA p21
- lncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs
- mtlncRNA, mitochondrial long noncoding RNA
- pHLIP, pH-low insertion peptide
- sgRNA, single guide RNA
- siRNAs, small interfering RNAs
Collapse
|
29
|
Liu ZY, Yan GH, Li XY, Zhang Z, Guo YZ, Xu KX, Quan JS, Jin GY. GE11 peptide modified CSO-SPION micelles for MRI diagnosis of targeted hepatic carcinoma. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1997154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Yan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Guang-Hai Yan
- Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhu Guo
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Kai-Xuan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Ji-Shan Quan
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Guang-Yu Jin
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Comparison of Seven Commercial Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Nucleic Acid Detection Reagents with Pseudovirus as Quality Control Material. J Mol Diagn 2020; 23:300-309. [PMID: 33383210 PMCID: PMC7769707 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 threatens the whole world, which catalyzes a variety of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid test (NAT) kits. To monitor test quality and evaluate NAT kits, quality control materials that best simulate real clinical samples are needed. In this study, the performance of SARS-CoV-2 cell culture supernatant, PCDH-based pseudovirus, and MS2-based pseudovirus as quality control materials was compared. PCDH-based pseudovirus was found to be more similar in characteristics to SARS-CoV-2 particle, and more suitable for evaluating SARS-CoV-2 NAT kits than MS2-based pseudovirus. Proper detection using sensitive and precise NAT kits is essential to guarantee diagnosis. Thus, limit of detection, precision, anti-inference ability, and cross-reactivity of NAT kits from PerkinElmer, Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co, Ltd, Shanghai Kehua Bio-Engineering Co, Ltd, Sansure Biotech Inc., Da An Gene Co, Ltd, Shanghai BioGerm Medical Biotechnology Co, Ltd, and Applied Biological Technologies Co, Ltd, were compared using PCDH-based pseudovirus. For the seven kits evaluated, N gene was more sensitive than ORF1ab gene in most kits, whereas E gene was most sensitive among the three genes in Shanghai Kehua Bio-Engineering Co, Ltd, and Applied Biological Technologies Co, Ltd. PerkinElmer got the lowest limit of detection for N gene at 11.61 copies/mL, and the value was 34.66 copies/mL for ORF1ab gene. All of the kits showed good precision, with CV values less than 5%, as well as acceptable anti-interference ability of 2 mg/L human genomic DNA. No cross-reactivity was observed with other respiratory viruses.
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang J, Wang X, Cheng L, Yuan J, Zhong Z. SP94 peptide mediating highly specific and efficacious delivery of polymersomal doxorubicin hydrochloride to hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111399. [PMID: 33075660 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) requires development of novel drug formulations that selectively kill HCC cells while sparing healthy liver cells. Here, we designed and investigated HCC-specific peptide, SP94 (SFSIIHTPILPLGGC), decorated smart polymersomal doxorubicin hydrochloride (SP94-PS-DOX) for potent treatment of orthotopic human SMMC-7721 HCC xenografts. SP94-PS-DOX was fabricated by post ligand-modification, affording robust nano-formulations with a diameter of ∼ 76 nm and DOX content of 9.9 wt.%. The internalization of SP94-PS-DOX by SMMC-7721 cells showed a clear dependence on SP94 surface densities, in which 30 % SP94 resulted in ca. 3-fold better cellular uptake over non-targeted control (PS-DOX). In accordance, SP94-PS-DOX exhibited superior inhibition of SMMC-7721 cells to PS-DOX and clinical liposome injections (Lipo-DOX). Notably, a remarkable tumor deposition of 14.9 %ID/g and tumor-to-normal liver ratio of ca. 6.9 was observed for SP94-PS-DOX in subcutaneous SMMC-7721 HCC xenografts. More interestingly, SP94-PS-DOX under 10 mg DOX/kg induced far better therapeutic efficacy toward orthotopic SMMC-7721 HCC models than PS-DOX and Lipo-DOX controls giving substantial survival benefits and little adverse effects. The remarkable specificity and therapeutic outcomes lend SP94-PS-DOX promising for targeted HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Xiuxiu Wang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| | - Jiandong Yuan
- BrightGene Bio-Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China; Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gut Microbiota and Liver Interaction through Immune System Cross-Talk: A Comprehensive Review at the Time of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082488. [PMID: 32756323 PMCID: PMC7464500 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem containing bacteria, viruses, fungi, yeasts and other single-celled organisms. It is involved in the development and maintenance of both innate and systemic immunity of the body. Emerging evidence has shown its role in liver diseases through the immune system cross-talk. We review herein literature data regarding the triangular interaction between gut microbiota, immune system and liver in health and disease. Methods: We conducted a search on the main medical databases for original articles, reviews, meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials and case series using the following keywords and acronyms and their associations: gut microbiota, microbiome, gut virome, immunity, gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steato-hepatitis (NASH), alcoholic liver disease, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma. Results: The gut microbiota consists of microorganisms that educate our systemic immunity through GALT and non-GALT interactions. The latter maintain health but are also involved in the pathophysiology and in the outcome of several liver diseases, particularly those with metabolic, toxic or immune-mediated etiology. In this context, gut virome has an emerging role in liver diseases and needs to be further investigated, especially due to the link reported between severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and hepatic dysfunctions. Conclusions: Changes in gut microbiota composition and alterations in the immune system response are involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic and immune-mediated liver diseases.
Collapse
|
33
|
Non-Coding RNAs: Regulating Disease Progression and Therapy Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051243. [PMID: 32429062 PMCID: PMC7281199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the primary liver cancer arising from hepatocytes, is a universal health problem and one of the most common malignant tumors. Surgery followed by chemotherapy as well as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), such as sorafenib, are primary treatment procedures for HCC, but recurrence of disease because of therapy resistance results in high mortality. It is necessary to identify novel regulators of HCC for developing effective targeted therapies that can significantly interfere with progression of the disease process. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are an abundant group of versatile RNA transcripts that do not translate into proteins, rather serve as potentially functional RNAs. The role of ncRNAs in regulating diverse aspects of the carcinogenesis process are gradually being elucidated. Recent advances in RNA sequencing technology have identified a plethora of ncRNAs regulating all aspects of hepatocarcinogenesis process and serving as potential prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. The present review provides a comprehensive description of the biological roles of ncRNAs in disease process and therapy resistance, and potential clinical application of these ncRNAs in HCC.
Collapse
|
34
|
Demchuk AM, Patel TR. The biomedical and bioengineering potential of protein nanocompartments. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 41:107547. [PMID: 32294494 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein nanocompartments (PNCs) are self-assembling biological nanocages that can be harnessed as platforms for a wide range of nanobiotechnology applications. The most widely studied examples of PNCs include virus-like particles, bacterial microcompartments, encapsulin nanocompartments, enzyme-derived nanocages (such as lumazine synthase and the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex), ferritins and ferritin homologues, small heat shock proteins, and vault ribonucleoproteins. Structural PNC shell proteins are stable, biocompatible, and tolerant of both interior and exterior chemical or genetic functionalization for use as vaccines, therapeutic delivery vehicles, medical imaging aids, bioreactors, biological control agents, emulsion stabilizers, or scaffolds for biomimetic materials synthesis. This review provides an overview of the recent biomedical and bioengineering advances achieved with PNCs with a particular focus on recombinant PNC derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey M Demchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming, School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. N.W., Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology and Discovery Lab, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, 6-010 Katz Center for Health Research, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Fu J, Woycechowsky KJ. Guest Sequence Can Influence RNA Encapsulation by an Engineered Cationic Protein Capsid. Biochemistry 2020; 59:1517-1526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li C, Cai G, Song D, Gao R, Teng P, Zhou L, Ji Q, Sui H, Cai J, Li Q, Wang Y. Development of EGFR-targeted evodiamine nanoparticles for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Biomater Sci 2020; 7:3627-3639. [PMID: 31328737 DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00613c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are leading causes of death of CRC patients. Previous findings demonstrate that evodiamine (Evo), an indolequinone alkaloid, is effective in combating CRC; however, its poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability limit its application in the prevention of invasion and metastasis of CRC. It is known that selectively targeting cancer-specific receptors highly expressed on the surface of cancer cells by nanocarriers loaded with cytotoxic drugs is a viable strategy in nanobiotechnology to enhance cancer cell killing and minimize side effects. In this study, we report the development of a new class of nanotherapeutics: EGFR-targeting Evo-encapsulated poly(amino acid) nanoparticles (GE11-Evo-NPs). These nanoparticles exhibited good aqueous solubility, slow release, and active targeting capability. Their inhibitory effect on human colon cancer cells and therapeutic efficacy against invasion and metastasis of CRC in nude mice were systematically investigated. Mechanisms of the GE11-Evo-NPs against EGFR mediated invasion and metastasis of CRC were also explored. Compared with free Evo, the GE11-Evo-NPs showed significantly increased cytotoxicity to colon cancer cells and potently inhibited CRC LoVo cell adhesion, invasion, and migration. The expression of EGFR, VEGF, and MMP proteins was dramatically down-regulated, which may partially account for their inhibition of invasion and metastasis of CRC. Moreover, in vivo studies show that the GE11-Evo-NPs exhibited much greater potency than other control groups in inhibiting CRC invasion and metastasis, tumor volume, and growth in nude mice, leading to a significantly prolonged tumor-bearing survival duration (P < 0.01).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunpu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology & Cancer institute of medicine, Shuguang Hospital, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ding W, Wu D, Ji F, Zhang H. Inhibition of long non-coding RNA-AWPPH decreases osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5055-5062. [PMID: 31612016 PMCID: PMC6781783 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve a crucial role in various types of cancer. The lncRNA AWPPH has been reported to promote hepatocellular carcinoma and bladder cancer progression. However, to the best of our knowledge, the biological roles of AWPPH in osteosarcoma (OS) remain unclear. In the present study, the levels of AWPPH in OS tissues and cell lines were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. An MTT assay was used to detect OS cell proliferation. The levels of proteins associated with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and apoptosis were determined by western blotting. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were conducted to determine cell migration and invasion, respectively. The results demonstrated that AWPPH was highly expressed in OS tissues and cells. Functional analyses revealed that AWPPH depletion significantly inhibited OS cell proliferation and migration, and promoted OS cell apoptosis. Furthermore, AWPPH downregulation significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway. The present study demonstrated that AWPPH was highly expressed in OS, and that AWPPH promoted OS cell proliferation and migration, and inhibited OS cell apoptosis, which may be mediated by PI3K/AKT pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Ding
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Dajiang Wu
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sandra F, Khaliq NU, Sunna A, Care A. Developing Protein-Based Nanoparticles as Versatile Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy and Imaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1329. [PMID: 31527483 PMCID: PMC6781024 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become apparent that cancer nanomedicine's reliance on synthetic nanoparticles as drug delivery systems has resulted in limited clinical outcomes. This is mostly due to a poor understanding of their "bio-nano" interactions. Protein-based nanoparticles (PNPs) are rapidly emerging as versatile vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, offering a potential alternative to synthetic nanoparticles. PNPs are abundant in nature, genetically and chemically modifiable, monodisperse, biocompatible, and biodegradable. To harness their full clinical potential, it is important for PNPs to be accurately designed and engineered. In this review, we outline the recent advancements and applications of PNPs in cancer nanomedicine. We also discuss the future directions for PNP research and what challenges must be overcome to ensure their translation into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Febrina Sandra
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
| | - Nisar Ul Khaliq
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea.
| | - Anwar Sunna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Andrew Care
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shang W, Adzika GK, Li Y, Huang Q, Ding N, Chinembiri B, Rashid MSI, Machuki JO. Molecular mechanisms of circular RNAs, transforming growth factor-β, and long noncoding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6684-6699. [PMID: 31523930 PMCID: PMC6826001 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At the heart of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lies disruption of signaling pathways at the level of molecules, genes, and cells. Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been implicated in the disease progression of HCC. For instance, dysregulated expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been observed in patients with HCC. As such, these RNAs are potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers for HCC. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of ncRNA, have also been recognized to participate in the initiation and progression of HCC. Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) is another element which is now recognized to play crucial roles in HCC. It has been implicated in many biological processes such as survival, immune surveillance, and cell proliferation. In HCC, TGF‐β promotes disease progression by two mechanisms: an intrinsic signaling pathway and the extrinsic pathway. Through these pathways, it modulates various microenvironment factors such as inflammatory mediators and fibroblasts. An interesting yet‐to‐be resolved concept is whether the HCC‐promoting role of TGF‐β pathways is limited to a subset of HCC patients or it is involved in the whole process of HCC development. This review summarizes recent advancements to highlight the roles of circRNAs, lncRNAs, and TGF‐β in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Shang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yujie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qike Huang
- The Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningding Ding
- Department of Neurophysiology and Location Diagnosis, Guangdong 39 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bianca Chinembiri
- Physiology Department, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang Y, Wang LN, Lin YN, Xing YX, Shi Y, Zhao J, Chen WW, Han B. The novel long noncoding RNA LOC283070 is involved in the transition of LNCaP cells into androgen-independent cells via its interaction with PHB2. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:511-517. [PMID: 29956684 PMCID: PMC6116685 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_36_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to investigate the underlying mechanism of action of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LOC283070 in the development of androgen independence in prostate cancer. The interactions between LOC283070 and target proteins were investigated by RNA pull-down and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Subcellular fractionation and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the subcellular localization of LOC283070. Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of prohibitin 2 (PHB2). Luciferase activity assays were performed to evaluate the effects of LOC283070 and PHB2 on the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. A methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and a growth curve assay were used to test cell viability. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze cell cycles. A transwell assay was employed to test cell migration. We identified PHB2 as an interaction partner of LOC283070 in the pull-down and RIP experiments. Furthermore, we confirmed that the enrichment of LOC283070 with PHB2 in androgen-independent LNCaP (LNCaP-AI) cells was much greater than that in LNCaP cells. Moreover, the expression of PHB2 was not significantly different between the two cell lines, and the expression of LOC283070 in the nuclei of the LNCaP-AI cells was significantly greater than that in the LNCaP cells. In vitro data revealed that PHB2 overexpression significantly inhibited AR activity and cell proliferation and migration and induced accumulation of prostate cancer cells in G0/G1 phase. Moreover, the overexpression of LOC283070 fully abrogated the effects of PHB2 overexpression. In conclusion, we found that LOC283070 can bind to PHB2 located in the nucleus and inhibit its effect, and this is one of the mechanisms by which LOC283070 is involved in the transition of LNCaP cells into androgen-independent cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Ya-Ni Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuan-Xin Xing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei-Wen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Bo Han
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Polepalli S, George SM, Valli Sri Vidya R, Rodrigues GS, Ramachandra L, Chandrashekar R, M DN, Rao PP, Pestell RG, Rao M. Role of UHRF1 in malignancy and its function as a therapeutic target for molecular docking towards the SRA domain. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
42
|
Reghupaty SC, Sarkar D. Current Status of Gene Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091265. [PMID: 31466358 PMCID: PMC6770843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer related deaths world-wide. Liver transplantation, surgical resection, trans-arterial chemoembolization, and radio frequency ablation are effective strategies to treat early stage HCC. Unfortunately, HCC is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and there are not many treatment options for late stage HCC. First-line therapy for late stage HCC includes sorafenib and lenvatinib. However, these treatments provide only an approximate three month increase in survival. Besides, they cannot specifically target cancer cells that lead to a wide array of side effects. Patients on these drugs develop resistance within a few months and have to rely on second-line therapy that includes regorafenib, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, and cabometyx. These disadvantages make gene therapy approach to treat HCC an attractive option. The two important questions that researchers have been trying to answer in the last 2-3 decades are what genes should be targeted and what delivery systems should be used. The objective of this review is to analyze the changing landscape of HCC gene therapy, with a focus on these two questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saranya Chidambaranathan Reghupaty
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Massey Cancer Center, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu Y, Liu C, Zhang A, Yin S, Wang T, Wang Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Ying Q, Sun J, Wei F, Liu D, Wang C, Ge S. Down-regulation of long non-coding RNA MEG3 suppresses osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) through miR-27a-3p/IGF1 axis in periodontitis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:5334-5350. [PMID: 31398715 PMCID: PMC6710065 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in periodontitis. Methods: Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs between periodontitis periodontal ligament tissues and healthy periodontal ligament tissues were selected out using R project. PDLSCs were identified using flow cytometry. Western blot was employed to detect pathway relative proteins. Besides, targeted relationships between lncRNA and miRNA, as well as miRNA and mRNA were verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and Alizarin Red Staining (ARS). Markers for osteoblast (Runx2, Osterix, Osteocalcin, Colla1) were detected using western blot. Results: LncRNA MEG3 and IGF1 were both down-regulated, while miR-27a-3p was up-regulated in periodontitis samples compared with healthy samples. Overexpression of MEG3 promoted osteogenic differentiation by enhancing expression of IGF1 yet suppressing expression of miRNA-27a-3p. Meanwhile, the results of ALP and ARS staining indicated that up-regulation of lncRNA MEG3 or IGF1 promoted osteogenic differentiation in PDLSCs, which could be reversed with up-regulation of miRNA-27a-3p. Conclusion: Down-regulation of MEG3 suppressed osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs through miR-27a-3p/IGF1 axis in periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chunpeng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ankui Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shichang Yin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of General Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Meiming Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qiaohui Ying
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jinrui Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shaohua Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yi J, Chen B, Yao X, Lei Y, Ou F, Huang F. Upregulation of the lncRNA MEG3 improves cognitive impairment, alleviates neuronal damage, and inhibits activation of astrocytes in hippocampus tissues in Alzheimer's disease through inactivating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:18053-18065. [PMID: 31190362 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to elucidate the expression of the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to explore its potential mechanisms. METHODS An AD rat model was induced by microinjection of Aβ25-35 . On the first day after successful modeling, pcDNA3.1 plasmid and pcDNA3.1-MEG3 plasmid were continuously infused into the third ventricle through a micro-osmotic pump to interfere with the expression level of MEG3. The spatial learning ability and memory ability, the histopathological changes of hippocampus tissues, the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons, astrocyte activation as well as the survival and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in each group was observed. The expression of apoptosis, PI3/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, inflammatory factors, malondialdehyde, glutathione-peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase levels were determined. The deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) in the hippocampus of rats by was observed by Aβ immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Downregulated MEG3 was detected in the tissues of AD rats. In addition, upregulation of MEG3 contributed to an improvement of spatial learning ability and memory ability, inhibited the pathological injury and its apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, decreased Aβ positive expression, inhibited oxidative stress injury and inflammatory injury as well as the activated astrocytes in AD rats via inactivation of the PI3/Akt pathway. CONCLUSION Our study highlights that upregulation of the lncRNA MEG3 improves cognitive impairment, alleviates neuronal damage, and inhibits activation of astrocytes in hippocampus tissues in AD through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiping Yi
- Department of Neurology, Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxi Yao
- Department of Neurology, Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbiao Lei
- Department of Neurology, Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fuyong Ou
- Department of Neurology, Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fengzhen Huang
- Department of Neurology, Translational Medicine Institute, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, University of South China, Chenzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Huang G, Hao F, Hu X. Downregulation of microRNA-155 stimulates sevoflurane-mediated cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by binding to SIRT1 in mice. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15494-15505. [PMID: 31099069 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The inhaled sevoflurane has been demonstrated to protect against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the relative mechanisms of sevoflurane-mediated cardioprotection remain largely unknown. This study intends to explore the effect of miR-155 on the sevoflurane-mediated cardioprotection by regulating Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in mouse models of myocardial I/R. METHODS Left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was used to induce models of myocardial I/R in mice. The I/R mice were treated with sevoflurane, sevoflurane + mimics negative control (NC) or sevoflurane + miR-155 mimics. The expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155) and SIRT1 was examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assay. Then cardiac functions and hemodynamic alterations were evaluated. Evans blue-2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay staining methods were adopted to evaluate infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS In the I/R mice, miR-155 was expressed at a high level and SIRT1 at a low level. SIRT1 was confirmed to be a target gene of miR-155. The treatment of sevoflurane could reduce miR-155 expression and increased SIRT1 expression in the myocardial tissues, under which conditions, cardiac functions were promoted, accompanied by reduced infarct size and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis. In response to miR-155 upregulation, the sevoflurane-treated I/R mice showed reduced cardiac functions, and increased infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION The findings obtained in this study provide evidence suggesting that miR-155 targets and negatively regulates SIRT1 expression, a mechanism by which the protection of sevoflurane is inhibited against myocardial I/R in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guirong Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fengguan Hao
- Department of Epidemic Prevention, Dragon House Township Health Centers, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xueyan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Central Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Silva AM, Moura SR, Teixeira JH, Barbosa MA, Santos SG, Almeida MI. Long noncoding RNAs: a missing link in osteoporosis. Bone Res 2019; 7:10. [PMID: 30937214 PMCID: PMC6437190 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic disease that results in loss of bone density and increased fracture risk, particularly in the vertebrae and the hip. This condition and associated morbidity and mortality increase with population ageing. Long noncoding (lnc) RNAs are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins, but play important regulatory roles in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. Their contribution to disease onset and development is increasingly recognized. Herein, we present an integrative revision on the studies that implicate lncRNAs in osteoporosis and that support their potential use as therapeutic tools. Firstly, current evidence on lncRNAs involvement in cellular and molecular mechanisms linked to osteoporosis and its major complication, fragility fractures, is reviewed. We analyze evidence of their roles in osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone fracture healing events from human and animal model studies. Secondly, the potential of lncRNAs alterations at genetic and transcriptomic level are discussed as osteoporosis risk factors and as new circulating biomarkers for diagnosis. Finally, we conclude debating the possibilities, persisting difficulties, and future prospects of using lncRNAs in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Machado Silva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Reis Moura
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Henrique Teixeira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Adolfo Barbosa
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Gomes Santos
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Almeida
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Gou X, Zhao X, Wang Z. Long noncoding RNA PVT1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression through regulating miR-214. Cancer Biomark 2018; 20:511-519. [PMID: 28800314 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have been verified to be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression. However, the potential biologic function of PVT1 in HCC is not still fully known. METHODS PVT1 and miR-214 were detected by qRT-PCR assays in HCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. CCK8, cell colony and transwell invasion assays were performed to evaluate cell proliferation and invasion abilities. Western-blot assay was performed to detect the protein of E-cadherin and Vimentin. QRT-PCR, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated PVT1 regulated miR-214 expression. RESULTS The results showed that PVT1 was increased in HCC tissues and higher PVT1 expression was associated with tumor size, histological differentiation grade and advanced TNM stage. Furthermore, we revealed that PVT1 promoted cell proliferation and invasion in HCC. RIP and ChIP assays demonstrated that PVT1 significantly inhibited miR-214 expression by interacting with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). CONCLUSIONS Thus, these results demonstrated that PVT1/EZH2/miR-214 regulatory pathway might serve as new target for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gou
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiyan Zhao
- Laboratory of Human Function, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.,Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhengrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hu X, Jiang J, Xu Q, Ni C, Yang L, Huang D. A Systematic Review of Long Noncoding RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Implications. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8126208. [PMID: 30105249 PMCID: PMC6076971 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8126208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has the second highest mortality rate worldwide among all cancers. Previous studies have revealed the significant involvement of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in numerous human cancers including HCC. Both oncogenic and tumor repressive lncRNAs have been identified and implicated in the complex process of hepatocarcinogenesis. They can be further explored as prospective diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic markers for HCC. An in-depth understanding of lncRNAs' mechanism in HCC is therefore required to fully explore their potential role. In the current review, we will concentrate on the underlying function, molecular mechanisms, and potential clinical implications of lncRNA in HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Jiahong Jiang
- Department of Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Qiuran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chao Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zheng Y, Yang C, Tong S, Ding Y, Deng W, Song D, Xiao K. Genetic variation of long non-coding RNA TINCR contribute to the susceptibility and progression of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33536-33543. [PMID: 28418933 PMCID: PMC5464888 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. However, a large part of heritable factors are warranted to be explored. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve critical roles in cancer development and progression. Herein, we explored effect of genetic variants of Tissue differentiation-inducing non-protein coding RNA (TINCR), a key lncRNA required for somatic tissue differentiation and tumor progression, on risk and progression of CRC. Three tagSNPs, including rs2288947, rs8105637, and rs12610531, were evaluated in in a two-stage, case-control study. Two SNPs, rs2288947 and rs8105637, were significantly associated with susceptibility of CRC in both stages. When pooled together, the allele G was significantly associated with 23% decreased risk of CRC (OR=0.77; 95% CI=0.67-0.88; P value = 1.2×10-4)for SNP rs2288947. While for SNP rs8105637, the allele A was significantly associated with 22% increased risk of CRC (OR=1.22; 95% CI=1.09-1.37; P value = 6.2×10-4). The two SNPs were also statistically associated with occurrence of lymph node metastasis of CRC. The carriers of allele G are less likely to get lymph node metastasis (OR=0.77; 95% CI=0.63-0.94; P value = 0.011) for rs2288947, and the carriers of allele A are more likely to get lymph node metastasis (OR=1.22; 95% CI=1.03-1.43; P value = 0.019) for rs8105637. These results suggest that lncRNA TINCR polymorphisms may be implicated in the development and progression of CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Shilun Tong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wenhong Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Kuang Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zheng Q, Lin Z, Xu J, Lu Y, Meng Q, Wang C, Yang Y, Xin X, Li X, Pu H, Gui X, Li T, Xiong W, Lu D. Long noncoding RNA MEG3 suppresses liver cancer cells growth through inhibiting β-catenin by activating PKM2 and inactivating PTEN. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:253. [PMID: 29449541 PMCID: PMC5833746 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) encodes an lncRNA which is suggested to function as a tumor suppressor and has been showed to involve in a variety of cancers. Herein, our findings demonstrate that MEG3 inhibits the malignant progression of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MEG3 promotes the expression and maturition of miR122 which targets PKM2. Therefore, MEG3 decreases the expression and nuclear location of PKM2 dependent on miR122. Furthermore, MEG3 also inhibits CyclinD1 and C-Myc via PKM2 in liver cancer cells. On the other hand, MEG3 promotes β-catenin degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome system dependent on PTEN. Strikingly, MEG3 inhibits β-catenin activity through PKM2 reduction and PTEN increase. Significantly, we also found that excessive β-catenin abrogated the effect of MEG3 in liver cancer. In conclusion, our study for the first time demonstrates that MEG3 acts as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the activity of the PKM2 and β-catenin signaling pathway in hepatocarcinogenesis and could provide potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Zheng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuojia Lin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuyu Meng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoru Xin
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Pu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Gui
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianming Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Wujun Xiong
- Department of Hepatology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 200120, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongdong Lu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|