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Krenn PW, Aberger F. Targeting cancer hallmark vulnerabilities in hematologic malignancies by interfering with Hedgehog/GLI signaling. Blood 2023; 142:1945-1959. [PMID: 37595276 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genetic alterations, disrupted signaling pathways, and hijacked mechanisms in oncogene-transformed hematologic cells is critical for the development of effective and durable treatment strategies against liquid tumors. In this review, we focus on the specific involvement of the Hedgehog (HH)/GLI pathway in the manifestation and initiation of various cancer features in hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma, T- and B-cell lymphomas, and lymphoid and myeloid leukemias. By reviewing canonical and noncanonical, Smoothened-independent HH/GLI signaling and summarizing preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies in hematologic malignancies, we elucidate common molecular mechanisms by which HH/GLI signaling controls key oncogenic processes and cancer hallmarks such as cell proliferation, cancer stem cell fate, genomic instability, microenvironment remodeling, and cell survival. We also summarize current clinical trials with HH inhibitors and discuss successes and challenges, as well as opportunities for future combined therapeutic approaches. By providing a bird's eye view of the role of HH/GLI signaling in liquid tumors, we suggest that a comprehensive understanding of the general oncogenic effects of HH/GLI signaling on the formation of cancer hallmarks is essential to identify critical vulnerabilities within tumor cells and their supporting remodeled microenvironment, paving the way for the development of novel and efficient personalized combination therapies for hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter W Krenn
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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2
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li K, Xue S. Hedgehog signaling and the glioma-associated oncogene in cancer radioresistance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1257173. [PMID: 38020914 PMCID: PMC10679362 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1257173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor radioresistance remains a key clinical challenge. The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway and glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) are aberrantly activated in several cancers and are thought to contribute to cancer radioresistance by influencing DNA repair, reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis, autophagy, cancer stem cells, the cell cycle, and the tumor microenvironment. GLI is reported to activate the main DNA repair pathways, to interact with cell cycle regulators like Cyclin D and Cyclin E, to inhibit apoptosis via the activation of B-cell lymphoma-2, Forkhead Box M1, and the MYC proto-oncogene, to upregulate cell stemness related genes (Nanog, POU class 5 homeobox 1, SRY-box transcription factor 2, and the BMI1 proto-oncogene), and to promote cancer stem cell transformation. The inactivation of Patched, the receptor of HH, prevents caspase-mediated apoptosis. This causes some cancer cells to survive while others become cancer stem cells, resulting in cancer recurrence. Combination treatment using HH inhibitors (including GLI inhibitors) and conventional therapies may enhance treatment efficacy. However, the clinical use of HH signaling inhibitors is associated with toxic side effects and drug resistance. Nevertheless, selective HH agonists, which may relieve the adverse effects of inhibitors, have been developed in mouse models. Combination therapy with other pathway inhibitors or immunotherapy may effectively overcome resistance to HH inhibitors. A comprehensive cancer radiotherapy with HH or GLI inhibitor is more likely to enhance cancer treatment efficacy while further studies are still needed to overcome its adverse effects and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Nephrology Department, The 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- General Surgery Center, Department of Thyroid Surgery, The 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kaixuan Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Thyroid Surgery, The 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Xue
- General Surgery Center, Department of Thyroid Surgery, The 1st Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Pendse S, Chavan S, Kale V, Vaidya A. A comprehensive analysis of cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous regulation of myeloid leukemic cells: The prospect of developing novel niche-targeting therapies. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:1667-1683. [PMID: 37554060 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Leukemic cells (LCs) arise from the hematopoietic stem/and progenitor cells (HSCs/HSPCs) and utilize cues from the bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) for their regulation in the same way as their normal HSC counterparts. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a vital component of the BMM promote leukemogenesis by creating a protective and immune-tolerant microenvironment that can support the survival of LCs, helping them escape chemotherapy, thereby resulting in the relapse of leukemia. Conversely, MSCs also induce apoptosis in the LCs and inhibit their proliferation by interfering with their self-renewal potential. This review discusses the work done so far on cell-autonomous (intrinsic) and MSCs-mediated non-cell-autonomous (extrinsic) regulation of myeloid leukemia with a special focus on the need to investigate the extrinsic regulation of myeloid leukemia to understand the contrasting role of MSCs in leukemogenesis. These mechanisms could be exploited to formulate novel therapeutic strategies that specifically target the leukemic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalmali Pendse
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayali Chavan
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Jing J, Wu Z, Wang J, Luo G, Lin H, Fan Y, Zhou C. Hedgehog signaling in tissue homeostasis, cancers, and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:315. [PMID: 37596267 PMCID: PMC10439210 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01559-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen significant advances in our understanding of Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway in various biological events. HH signaling pathway exerts its biological effects through a complex signaling cascade involved with primary cilium. HH signaling pathway has important functions in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. It plays a central role in the regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of adult stem cells. Importantly, it has become increasingly clear that HH signaling pathway is associated with increased cancer prevalence, malignant progression, poor prognosis and even increased mortality. Understanding the integrative nature of HH signaling pathway has opened up the potential for new therapeutic targets for cancer. A variety of drugs have been developed, including small molecule inhibitors, natural compounds, and long non-coding RNA (LncRNA), some of which are approved for clinical use. This review outlines recent discoveries of HH signaling in tissue homeostasis and cancer and discusses how these advances are paving the way for the development of new biologically based therapies for cancer. Furthermore, we address status quo and limitations of targeted therapies of HH signaling pathway. Insights from this review will help readers understand the function of HH signaling in homeostasis and cancer, as well as opportunities and challenges of therapeutic targets for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhuoxuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guowen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hengyi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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El Zaiat RS, Nabil R, Khalifa KA, El Feshawy AA. High GLI-1 Expression is a Reliable Indicator of Bad Prognosis in Newly Diagnosed Acute Leukemia Patients. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2023; 39:376-382. [PMID: 37304485 PMCID: PMC10247660 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-022-01609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the expression and prognostic significance of Hedgehog signaling transcription factor GLI-1 in newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. METHODS Clinical specimens were obtained from 46 recently diagnosed AML patients. Real-time qPCR was used to measure the GLI-1 mRNA expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells.Also, the relationship between GLI-1 mRNA levels and clinical variables and prognostic variables was assessed. RESULTS GLI-1 was overexpressed in the bone marrow samples of our patients. GLI-1mRNA expression did not differ significantly across different age groups, between both sexes, or between different FAB subtypes (P = 0.882, P = 0.246, and P = 0.890, respectively). GLI-1 expression varied significantly in different risk categories, with the greatest levels observed in 11 patients with poor risk (24.6 versus 22.7) compared to intermediate risk (5.2 versus 3.9; P = 0.006) and favorable risk (4.2 versus 3; P = 0.001). Comparing patients with the wild FLT3 allele to those with the mutant one, GLI-1 gene levels were considerably greater in those with the mutant allele of FLT3.Following induction chemotherapy, the levels of GLI-1 mRNA were significantly higher in 22 patients who did not experience complete remission (CR) diagnosed with de novo non-acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) compared to 17 patients who did (P = 0.017). Significantly greater levels of expression were observed in each category of the patients with favorable risk; wild FLT3 allele (P = 0.033) and CR failure P = 0.005). CONCLUSION GLI-1 overexpression is a risk factor for poor prognosis and could be a novel therapeutic target for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham S. El Zaiat
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Pathology Department, Menoufia University, Shebein El kom, Egypt
| | - Reem Nabil
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled A. Khalifa
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Pathology Department, Menoufia University, Shebein El kom, Egypt
| | - Aliaa A. El Feshawy
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Pathology Department, Menoufia University, Shebein El kom, Egypt
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Duran CL, Karagiannis GS, Chen X, Sharma VP, Entenberg D, Condeelis JS, Oktay MH. Cooperative NF-κB and Notch1 signaling promotes macrophage-mediated MenaINV expression in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:37. [PMID: 37024946 PMCID: PMC10080980 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01628-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process that leads to the formation of clinically detectable tumor foci at distant organs and frequently to patient demise. Only a subpopulation of breast cancer cells within the primary tumor can disseminate systemically and cause metastasis. To disseminate, cancer cells must express MenaINV, an isoform of the actin regulatory protein Mena, encoded by the ENAH gene, that endows tumor cells with transendothelial migration activity, allowing them to enter and exit the blood circulation. We have previously demonstrated that MenaINV mRNA and protein expression is induced in cancer cells by macrophage contact. In this study, we discovered the precise mechanism by which macrophages induce MenaINV expression in tumor cells. We examined the promoter of the human and mouse ENAH gene and discovered a conserved NF-κB transcription factor binding site. Using live imaging of an NF-κB activity reporter and staining of fixed tissues from mouse and human breast cancer, we further determined that for maximal induction of MenaINV in cancer cells, NF-κB needs to cooperate with the Notch1 signaling pathway. Mechanistically, Notch1 signaling does not directly increase MenaINV expression, but it enhances and sustains NF-κB signaling through retention of p65, an NF-κB transcription factor, in the nucleus of tumor cells, leading to increased MenaINV expression. In mice, these signals are augmented following chemotherapy treatment and abrogated upon macrophage depletion. Targeting Notch1 signaling in vivo decreased NF-κB signaling activation and MenaINV expression in the primary tumor and decreased metastasis. Altogether, these data uncover mechanistic targets for blocking MenaINV induction that should be explored clinically to decrease cancer cell dissemination and improve survival of patients with metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ved P Sharma
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Bio-Imaging Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, Box 209, 1230 York Avenue, New York City, NY, 10065, USA
| | - David Entenberg
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - John S Condeelis
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Maja H Oktay
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine / Montefiore Medical Center, 1301 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Li C, Geng C. GLIS Family Zinc Finger 3 Promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression by Inducing Cell Proliferation, Migration and Invasion, and Activating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:209-218. [PMID: 36724950 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) puts a great threat to women's health. GLIS family zinc finger 3 (GLIS3) belongs to the GLI transcription factor family and acts as a critical factor in cancer progression. Nevertheless, the part of GLIS3 played in TNBC is not known. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining analysis displayed that GLIS3 was highly expressed in TNBC tissues. The effect of GLIS3 on the malignant phenotype of TNBC was tested in two different cell lines according to GLIS3 regulation. Upregulation of GLIS3 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of TNBC cell lines, whereas the knockdown of GLIS3 suppressed these tumor activities. Inhibition of GLIS3 induced TNBC cell apoptosis. Furthermore, study as immunofluorescence and electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed that the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway activated by GLIS3 played an important role in TNBC cells' malignant phenotype. In conclusion, the present work demonstrated that GLIS3 acts as a crucial element in TNBC progression via activating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Accordingly, above mentioned findings indicated that modulation of GLIS3 expression is a potential tactic to interfere with the progression of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Li
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Breast Disease, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University.,The Second Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital
| | - Cuizhi Geng
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Center for Breast Disease, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Breast Cancer in Hebei
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Duran CL, Karagiannis GS, Chen X, Sharma VP, Entenberg D, Condeelis JS, Oktay MH. Cooperative NF-κB and Notch1 signaling promotes macrophage-mediated MenaINV expression in breast cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.522642. [PMID: 36711751 PMCID: PMC9881873 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep process that leads to the formation of clinically detectable tumor foci at distant organs and frequently patient demise. Only a subpopulation of breast cancer cells within the primary tumor can disseminate systemically and cause metastasis. To disseminate, cancer cells must express MenaINV, an isoform of the actin-regulatory protein Mena encoded by the ENAH gene that endows tumor cells with transendothelial migration activity allowing them to enter and exit the blood circulation. We have previously demonstrated that MenaINV mRNA and protein expression is induced in cancer cells by macrophage contact. In this study, we discovered the precise mechanism by which macrophages induce MenaINV expression in tumor cells. We examined the promoter of the human and mouse ENAH gene and discovered a conserved NF-κB transcription factor binding site. Using live imaging of an NF-κB activity reporter and staining of fixed tissues from mouse and human breast cancer we further determined that for maximal induction of MenaINV in cancer cell NF-κB needs to cooperate with the Notch1 signaling pathway. Mechanistically, Notch1 signaling does not directly increase MenaINV expression, but it enhances and sustains NF-κB signaling through retention of p65, an NF-κB transcription factor, in the nucleus of tumor cells, leading to increased MenaINV expression. In mice, these signals are augmented following chemotherapy treatment and abrogated upon macrophage depletion. Targeting Notch1 signaling in vivo decreased NF-κB signaling and MenaINV expression in the primary tumor and decreased metastasis. Altogether, these data uncover mechanistic targets for blocking MenaINV induction that should be explored clinically to decrease cancer cell dissemination and improve survival of patients with metastatic disease.
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Lemos T, Merchant A. The hedgehog pathway in hematopoiesis and hematological malignancy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960943. [PMID: 36091167 PMCID: PMC9453489 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (HH) pathway is a promising therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Activation of the pathway has been tied to greater chances of relapse and poorer outcomes in several hematological malignancies and inhibiting the pathway has improved outcomes in several clinical trials. One inhibitor targeting the pathway via the protein Smoothened (SMO), glasdegib, has been approved by the FDA for use with a low dose cytarabine regiment in some high-risk acute myeloid leukemia patients (AML). If further clinical trials in glasdegib produce positive results, there may soon be more general use of HH inhibitors in the treatment of hematological malignancies.While there is clinical evidence that HH inhibitors may improve outcomes and help prevent relapse, a full understanding of any mechanism of action remains elusive. The bulk of AML cells exhibit primary resistance to SMO inhibition (SMOi), leading some to hypothesize that that clinical activity of SMOi is mediated through modulation of self-renewal and chemoresistance in rare cancer stem cells (CSC). Direct evidence that CSC are being targeted in patients by SMOi has proven difficult to produce, and here we present data to support the alternative hypothesis that suggests the clinical benefit observed with SMOi is being mediated through stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment.This paper's aims are to review the history of the HH pathway in hematopoiesis and hematological malignancy, to highlight the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for its use a therapeutic target, and to explore the evidence for stromal activation of the pathway acting to protect CSCs and enable self-renewal of AML and other diseases. Finally, we highlight gaps in the current data and present hypotheses for new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akil Merchant
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Canonical Hedgehog Pathway and Noncanonical GLI Transcription Factor Activation in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162523. [PMID: 36010600 PMCID: PMC9406872 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog signaling pathway is one of the fundamental pathways required for development and regulation of postnatal regeneration in a variety of tissues. The pathway has also been associated with cancers since the identification of a mutation in one of its components, PTCH, as the cause of Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome, which is associated with several cancers. Our understanding of the pathway in tumorigenesis has expanded greatly since that initial discovery over two decades ago. The pathway has tumor-suppressive and oncogenic functions depending on the context of the cancer. Furthermore, noncanonical activation of GLI transcription factors has been reported in a number of tumor types. Here, we review the roles of canonical Hedgehog signaling pathway and noncanonical GLI activation in cancers, particularly epithelial cancers, and discuss an emerging concept of the distinct outcomes that these modes have on cancer initiation and progression.
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11
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Tesanovic S, Krenn PW, Aberger F. Hedgehog/GLI signaling in hematopoietic development and acute myeloid leukemia-From bench to bedside. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:944760. [PMID: 35990601 PMCID: PMC9388743 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.944760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While the underlying genetic alterations and biology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), an aggressive hematologic malignancy characterized by clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid cells, have been gradually unraveled in the last decades, translation into clinical treatment approaches has only just begun. High relapse rates remain a major challenge in AML therapy and are to a large extent attributed to the persistence of treatment-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is crucial for the development and progression of multiple cancer stem cell driven tumors, including AML, and has therefore gained interest as a therapeutic target. In this review, we give an overview of the major components of the HH signaling pathway, dissect HH functions in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, and specifically elaborate on the role of HH signaling in AML pathogenesis and resistance. Furthermore, we summarize preclinical and clinical HH inhibitor studies, leading to the approval of the HH pathway inhibitor glasdegib, in combination with low-dose cytarabine, for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter W. Krenn
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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12
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Update on glasdegib in acute myeloid leukemia - broadening horizons of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:9-34. [PMID: 36651529 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Numerous new emerging therapies, including oral targeted chemotherapies, have recently entered the therapeutic arsenal against acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The significant shift toward the use of these novel therapeutics, administered either alone or in combination with intensive or low-intensity chemotherapy, changes the prospects for the control of this disease, especially for elderly patients. Glasdegib, an oral Hedgehog pathway inhibitor, showed satisfactory response rates associated with moderate toxicity and less early mortality than standard induction regimens in this population. It was approved in November 2018 by the FDA and in June 2020 by the EMA for use in combination with low-dose cytarabine as a treatment of newly-diagnosed AML in patients aged ≥ 75 and/or unfit for intensive induction chemotherapy. The current paper proposes an extensive, up-to-date review of the preclinical and clinical development of glasdegib. Elements of its routine clinical use and the landscape of ongoing clinical trials are also stated.
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Liu Z, Liu L, Qi Y, Li H, Pan S. GLIS family zinc finger 3 promoting cell malignant behaviors and NF-κB signaling in glioma. Brain Res 2021; 1770:147623. [PMID: 34403660 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is a common tumor in the human central nervous system. However, its molecular mechanism in the pathogenesis and regulation of glioma progression is still unclear. In this study, we found that GLIS3 was up-regulated in glioma tissues, and the increased expression is positively correlated with advanced tumor grade. Survival evaluation disclosed that patients with high expression levels of GLIS3 normally have a poor prognosis. Functional analysis revealed the oncogenic role of GLIS3 in the development of glioma. GLIS3 promotes glioma cells' invasion, migration, and proliferation. Meanwhile, deficiency of GLIS3 produces an inhibitory function upon NF-κB signaling pathway. This work demonstrated that GLIS3, acting as a target and prognostic factor for glioma, may promote the invasion, migration and proliferation of glioma cells involved in regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohang Liu
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 6 FuCheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Luochen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanan Qi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Cangzhou Central Hospital, No.16 Xinhua West Road, Yunhe District, Cangzhou, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 6 FuCheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuyi Pan
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 6 FuCheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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14
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Golla U, Ehudin MA, Annageldiyev C, Zeng Z, Bastihalli Tukaramrao D, Tarren A, Date AA, Elcheva I, Berg A, Amin S, Loughran TP, Kester M, Desai D, Dovat S, Claxton D, Sharma A. DJ4 Targets the Rho-Associated Protein Kinase Pathway and Attenuates Disease Progression in Preclinical Murine Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4889. [PMID: 34638385 PMCID: PMC8508452 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the highly heterogenous nature of the disease motivates targeted gene therapeutic investigations. Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) are crucial for various actin cytoskeletal changes, which have established malignant consequences in various cancers, yet are still not being successfully utilized clinically towards cancer treatment. This work establishes the therapeutic activity of ROCK inhibitor (5Z)-2-5-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-ylmethylene)-1,3-thiazol-4(5H)-one (DJ4) in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of AML to highlight the potential of this class of inhibitors. Herein, DJ4 induced cytotoxic and proapoptotic effects in a dose-dependent manner in human AML cell lines (IC50: 0.05-1.68 μM) and primary patient cells (IC50: 0.264-13.43 μM); however, normal hematopoietic cells were largely spared. ROCK inhibition by DJ4 disrupts the phosphorylation of downstream targets, myosin light chain (MLC2) and myosin-binding subunit of MLC phosphatase (MYPT), yielding a potent yet selective treatment response at micromolar concentrations, from 0.02 to 1 μM. Murine models injected with luciferase-expressing leukemia cell lines subcutaneously or intravenously and treated with DJ4 exhibited an increase in overall survival and reduction in disease progression relative to the vehicle-treated control mice. Overall, DJ4 is a promising candidate to utilize in future investigations to advance the current AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendarrao Golla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (C.A.); (A.T.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Melanie A. Ehudin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (D.B.T.); (I.E.)
| | - Charyguly Annageldiyev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (C.A.); (A.T.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (Z.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Diwakar Bastihalli Tukaramrao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (D.B.T.); (I.E.)
| | - Anna Tarren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (C.A.); (A.T.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Abhijit A. Date
- The Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720, USA;
| | - Irina Elcheva
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (D.B.T.); (I.E.)
| | - Arthur Berg
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Shantu Amin
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (Z.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Thomas P. Loughran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (Z.Z.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Cancer Center, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (Z.Z.); (M.K.)
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (M.A.E.); (D.B.T.); (I.E.)
| | - David Claxton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (C.A.); (A.T.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
| | - Arati Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (U.G.); (C.A.); (A.T.); (D.C.)
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (A.B.); (S.A.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; (Z.Z.); (M.K.)
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15
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Liang H, Ji K, Ge X, Xi B, Ren M, Zhang L, Chen X. Tributyrin Plays an Important Role in Regulating the Growth and Health Status of Juvenile Blunt Snout Bream ( Megalobrama amblycephala), as Evidenced by Pathological Examination. Front Immunol 2021; 12:652294. [PMID: 33912175 PMCID: PMC8072268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.652294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the role of tributyrin (TB) in regulating the growth and health status of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) through an 8-week feeding experiment. Six groups were fed experimental diets with added TB percentages of 0% (control group), 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.09%, 0.12% and 0.15%. The present results showed that TB supplementation in feed had some positive impacts on FW, WG, FCR and SGR, and the best results were found in the 0.06% TB group (P<0.05). However, TB supplementation in feed had no significant effects on SR, CF, VSI or whole-body composition (P>0.05). TB supplementation in feed increased antioxidant capacity and immunological capacity and attenuated the inflammatory response by increasing the activity of T-SOD, GPx, CAT and the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) and decreasing the levels of MDA and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) (P<0.05). Furthermore, TB supplementation improved immunity by increasing the levels of immunoglobulins (IgM and IgG), C3 and IFN-γ (P<0.05). Surprisingly, 0.06%-0.12% TB supplementation significantly increased the content of IL-1β (P<0.05). However, TB supplementation in feed had no significant effects on the plasma content of GSH, HSP70, IL-8 and the activity of T-AOC (P>0.05). The possible mechanism was that TB activated PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 and inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, further regulating the mRNA levels of key genes with antioxidant capacity and the inflammatory response; for example, it increased the mRNA levels of Nrf2, Cu/Zn-SOD, HO-1, CAT, Akt, PI3K, GPx, IL-10, and TGF-β and decreased the mRNA levels of NF-κB and TNF-α (P<0.05). In addition, 0.06%-0.15% TB supplementation significantly increased the mRNA levels of IL-1β (P<0.05). TB supplementation in feed had no significant effects on the mRNA levels of HSP70, Mn-SOD and IL-8 (P>0.05). Evidence was presented that TB supplementation decreased the mortality rate caused by Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. In pathological examination, TB supplementation prevented hepatic and intestinal damage. Generally, TB supplementation improved the growth performance of juvenile blunt snout bream. Furthermore, TB supplementation activated PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 and inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway, regulating health status and preventing hepatic and intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bingwen Xi
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, China.,Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China.,Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoru Chen
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China.,Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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16
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Jiang X, Jiang L, Cheng J, Chen F, Ni J, Yin C, Wang Q, Wang Z, Fang D, Yi Z, Yu G, Zhong Q, Carter BZ, Meng F. Inhibition of EZH2 by chidamide exerts antileukemia activity and increases chemosensitivity through Smo/Gli-1 pathway in acute myeloid leukemia. J Transl Med 2021; 19:117. [PMID: 33743723 PMCID: PMC7981995 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02789-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic dysregulation plays important roles in leukemogenesis and the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) reciprocally regulate the acetylation and deacetylation of nuclear histones. Aberrant activation of HDACs results in uncontrolled proliferation and blockade of differentiation, and HDAC inhibition has been investigated as epigenetic therapeutic strategy against AML. Methods Cell growth was assessed with CCK-8 assay, and apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry in AML cell lines and CD45 + and CD34 + CD38- cells from patient samples after staining with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI). EZH2 was silenced with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or overexpressed by lentiviral transfection. Changes in signaling pathways were detected by western blotting. The effect of chidamide or EZH2-specific shRNA (shEZH2) in combination with adriamycin was studied in vivo in leukemia-bearing nude mouse models. Results In this study, we investigated the antileukemia effects of HDAC inhibitor chidamide and its combinatorial activity with cytotoxic agent adriamycin in AML cells. We demonstrated that chidamide suppressed the levels of EZH2, H3K27me3 and DNMT3A, exerted potential antileukemia activity and increased the sensitivity to adriamycin through disruption of Smo/Gli-1 pathway and downstream signaling target p-AKT in AML cells and stem/progenitor cells. In addition to decreasing the levels of H3K27me3 and DNMT3A, inhibition of EZH2 either pharmacologically by chidamide or genetically by shEZH2 suppressed the activity of Smo/Gli-1 pathway and increased the antileukemia activity of adriamycin against AML in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Inhibition of EZH2 by chidamide has antileukemia activity and increases the chemosensitivity to adriamycin through Smo/Gli-1 pathway in AML cells (Fig. 5). These findings support the rational combination of HDAC inhibitors and chemotherapy for the treatment of AML. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-021-02789-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejie Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaying Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinle Ni
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Changxin Yin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengshan Yi
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Guopan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingxiu Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Kanghua Hospital, Dongguan, 523080, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Z Carter
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fanyi Meng
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Hematology, Kanghua Hospital, Dongguan, 523080, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Rodrigues ACBDC, Costa RGA, Silva SLR, Dias IRSB, Dias RB, Bezerra DP. Cell signaling pathways as molecular targets to eliminate AML stem cells. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 160:103277. [PMID: 33716201 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains the most lethal of leukemias and a small population of cells called leukemic stem cells (LSCs) has been associated with disease relapses. Some cell signaling pathways play an important role in AML survival, proliferation and self-renewal properties and are abnormally activated or suppressed in LSCs. This includes the NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, Hedgehog, Notch, EGFR, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF/SMAD and PPAR pathways. This review aimed to discuss these pathways as molecular targets for eliminating AML LSCs. Herein, inhibitors/activators of these pathways were summarized as a potential new anti-AML therapy capable of eliminating LSCs to guide future researches. The clinical use of cell signaling pathways data can be useful to enhance the anti-AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafaela G A Costa
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Suellen L R Silva
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Ingrid R S B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Rosane B Dias
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil.
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18
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Zhou C, Du J, Zhao L, Liu W, Zhao T, Liang H, Fang P, Zhang K, Zeng H. GLI1 reduces drug sensitivity by regulating cell cycle through PI3K/AKT/GSK3/CDK pathway in acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:231. [PMID: 33658491 PMCID: PMC7930050 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy with high incidence and recurrence rates. Gene expression profiling has revealed that transcriptional overexpression of glioma-associated oncogene 1 (GLI1), a vital gene in the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, occurs in poor-prognosis AML, and high levels of phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1) and AKT3 predict shorter overall survival in AML patients. In this study, we discovered that GLI1 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and reduces chemotherapy sensitivity in AML cells while knocking down GLI1 has the opposite effect. Moreover, GLI1 promoted cell cycle progression and led to elevated protein levels of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in AML cells. By luciferase assays and co-immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that the PI3K/AKT pathway is directly activated by GLI1. GLI1 overexpression significantly accelerates tumor growth and upregulated p-AKT, CDK4, and cyclinD3 in vivo. Notably, the GLI1 inhibitor GANT61 and the CDK4/6 inhibitor PD 0332991 had synergistic effects in promoting Ara-c sensitivity in AML cell lines and patient samples. Collectively, our data demonstrate that GLI1 reduces drug sensitivity by regulating cell cycle through the PI3K/AKT/GSK3/CDK pathway, providing a new perspective for involving GLI1 and CDK4/6 inhibitors in relapsed/refractory (RR) patient treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice, Nude
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- THP-1 Cells
- Tumor Burden/drug effects
- U937 Cells
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Zinc Finger Protein GLI1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Zinc Finger Protein GLI1/genetics
- Zinc Finger Protein GLI1/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Kaixuan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
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19
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Li X, Zhao Y, Zhang T, Xing D. Mitochondria-Specific Agents for Photodynamic Cancer Therapy: A Key Determinant to Boost the Efficacy. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001240. [PMID: 33236531 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy (Mt-PDT), which enables the photogenerated cytotoxic oxygen species with fatal oxidative damage to block mitochondrial functions, has been considered as a promising method to enhance the anticancer effectiveness. Aiming at the challenges of PDT, in the past few decades, numerous mitochondria-targeting molecular agents have been developed to boost the PDT efficacy via directly destroying the mitochondria or activating mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways. Herein, a review for recent advances of Mt-PDT is highlighted including: mitochondrial targeting design principles and strategies, therapeutic performance of mitochondria-targeted agents-mediated PDT as well as the agent-free Mt-PDT. In addition, it puts together the achievements of the combinatory mitochondria-anchoring PDT and other anticancer strategies, demonstrating the advantages provided by Mt-PDT. The existing challenges are discussed and future settlements for the development of mitochondria-specific agents are also forecasted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
| | - Da Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 P. R. China
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20
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The roles of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated signaling pathways in hyperuricemic nephropathy. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1377-1386. [PMID: 33389490 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) is a common clinical complication of hyperuricemia. High-serum uric acid can trigger renal inflammation. The inflammasome family has several members and shows a significant effect on inflammatory responses. NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3) senses the stimuli signal of excessive uric acid and then it recruits apoptosis-related specular protein (ASC) as well as aspartic acid-specific cysteine protease (caspase)-1 precursor to form NLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney diseases (CKD), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and HN. This review focuses on important role for the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome and associated signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia-induced renal injury and the potential therapeutic implications. Additionally, several inhibitors targeting NLRP3 inflammasome are under development, most of them for experiment. Therefore, researches into NLRP3 inflammasome modulators may provide novel therapies for HN.
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21
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Targeting Hedgehog Pathway and DNA Methyltransferases in Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Cells. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010053. [PMID: 33396427 PMCID: PMC7824187 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is an aggressive tumor that presents poor prognosis, high rates of recurrence and metastasis. Because of its rarity, there is no information available concerning LMS molecular mechanisms of origin and development. Here, we assessed the expression profile of Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway markers and the effects of their pharmacological inhibition on uterine smooth muscle (UTSM), leiomyoma and LMS cells. Additionally, we also evaluated the effects of DNMTs inhibition on LMS cells behavior. Cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis rates were evaluated by MTT, Scratch and Annexin V assays, respectively. RNA expression and protein levels were assessed by qRT-PCR and Western blot. We found that SMO and GLIs (1, 2 and 3) expression was upregulated in LMS cells, with increased nuclear levels of GLI proteins. Treatment with LDE225 (SMOi) and Gant61 (GLIi) resulted in a significant reduction in Glis protein levels in LMS (p < 0.05). Additionally, the expression of DNMT (1, 3a, and 3b), as well as GLI1 nuclear expression, was significantly decreased after treatment with HH inhibitor in LMS cells. Our results showed that blocking of SMO, GLI and DNMTs is able to inhibit LMS proliferation, migration and invasion. Importantly, the combination of those treatments exhibited a potentiated effect on LMS malignant features due to HH pathway deactivation.
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22
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Carter JL, Hege K, Yang J, Kalpage HA, Su Y, Edwards H, Hüttemann M, Taub JW, Ge Y. Targeting multiple signaling pathways: the new approach to acute myeloid leukemia therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:288. [PMID: 33335095 PMCID: PMC7746731 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and the second most common form of acute leukemia in children. Despite this, very little improvement in survival rates has been achieved over the past few decades. This is partially due to the heterogeneity of AML and the need for more targeted therapeutics than the traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies that have been a mainstay in therapy for the past 50 years. In the past 20 years, research has been diversifying the approach to treating AML by investigating molecular pathways uniquely relevant to AML cell proliferation and survival. Here we review the development of novel therapeutics in targeting apoptosis, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, hedgehog (HH) pathway, mitochondrial function, DNA repair, and c-Myc signaling. There has been an impressive effort into better understanding the diversity of AML cell characteristics and here we highlight important preclinical studies that have supported therapeutic development and continue to promote new ways to target AML cells. In addition, we describe clinical investigations that have led to FDA approval of new targeted AML therapies and ongoing clinical trials of novel therapies targeting AML survival pathways. We also describe the complexity of targeting leukemia stem cells (LSCs) as an approach to addressing relapse and remission in AML and targetable pathways that are unique to LSC survival. This comprehensive review details what we currently understand about the signaling pathways that support AML cell survival and the exceptional ways in which we disrupt them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna L Carter
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,MD/PhD Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Katie Hege
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jay Yang
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hasini A Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yongwei Su
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Holly Edwards
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Taub
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
| | - Yubin Ge
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA. .,Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Background: The hedgehog pathway (HH) is one of the key regulators involved in many biological events. Malfunction of this pathway is associated with a variety of diseases including several types of cancers. Methods: We collected data from public databases and conducted a comprehensive search linking the HH pathway with female cancers. In addition, we overviewed clinical trials of targeting HH pathway in female cancers. Results: The activation of HH pathway and its role in female cancers, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, and uterine leiomyosarcoma were summarized. Treatment options targeting SMO and GLI in HH pathway were reviewed and discussed. Conclusions: The hedgehog pathway was shown to be activated in several types of female cancers. Therefore, targeting HH pathway may be considered as a therapeutic option to be acknowledged in the treatment of female cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiwei Yang
- Corresponding Author: Dr. Qiwei Yang, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA, Tel: 312-996-5689;
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Ji K, Liang H, Ren M, Ge X, Mi H, Pan L, Yu H. The immunoreaction and antioxidant capacity of juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) involves the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 and NF-κB signal pathways in response to dietary methionine levels. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:126-134. [PMID: 32634553 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A 75-day rearing trail was designed to evaluate the immunoreaction and antioxidant capacity of juvenile blunt snout bream in response to dietary methionine levels. Three practical diets were extruded to feed juveniles with graded methionine levels (0.40%, 0.84% and 1.28% dry matter). The data indicated that the plasma concentrations of immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement component 3 (C3) and glutathione (GSH) in the 0.84% methionine diet were markedly upper than those in the 0.40% group (P < 0.05). The activities of plasma antioxidant parameters involving catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were significantly increased by the 0.84% diet compared with the 0.40% diet, whereas plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly induced by 0.40% methionine (P < 0.05). Compared with the 0.40% group, 0.84% dietary methionine dramatically upregulated the mRNA expression levels of protein kinase B (Akt), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway related genes including CAT, manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1) in the kidney and liver, and downregulated Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Compared with the 0.40% group, the 0.84% dietary methionine strikingly suppressed the mRNA levels of renal and hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6)), however, improved the mRNA expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines involved renal and hepatic transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and hepatic interleukin 10 (IL-10) (P < 0.05). Renal IL-10 and interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA expression levels were not markedly influenced by experimental diets (P > 0.05). Dietary methionine (0.84%) significantly upregulated renal and hepatic heat stress protein 70 (Hsp70), renal B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene expression levels compared with the 0.40% diet (P < 0.05). In a word, the data represented that 0.84% dietary methionine could enhance the immune and antioxidant capacity of this fish species by inducing PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway and inhibiting NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ji
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| | - Xianping Ge
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, PR China.
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 610093, PR China
| | - Liangkun Pan
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Breeding of Aquatic Animals and Aquaculture Biology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC), Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), Wuxi, 214081, PR China
| | - Heng Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
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25
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He W, Sun J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Fu Y, Zheng Y, Jiang X. Andrographolide exerts anti-inflammatory effects in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages by regulating the Notch1/Akt/NF-κB axis. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 108:1747-1764. [PMID: 32991757 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma1119-584rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a serious public health problem aggravated by the slow progress in the development of new anti-tuberculosis drugs. The hyper-reactive TB patients have suffered from chronic inflammation which could cause deleterious effects on their bodies. Therefore, it is imperative to develop an adjunctive therapy based on inflammatory modulation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. The present study aims to investigate the immune regulatory effects of Andrographolide (Andro) on Mtb-infected macrophages and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that Andro inhibits the production of IL-1β and other inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. The down-regulation of IL-1β expression causes the declining expression of IL-8 and MCP-1 in lung epithelial cells which were co-cultured with Mtb-infected macrophages. The inhibition of the activation of NF-κB pathway, but not the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway, accounts for the anti-inflammatory role of Andro. Further studies elucidated that Andro could evoke the activation of autophagy to degrade NLRP3, which ultimately inhibited inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β production. Finally, the relevant results demonstrated that Andro inhibited the Notch1 pathway to down-regulate the phosphorylation of Akt/mTOR and NF-κB p65 subunit. Taken together, Andro has been found to suppress the Notch1/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. Both Akt inhibition-induced autophagy and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway contributed to restraining the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent IL-1β production. Then, the decreased production of IL-1β influenced chemokine expression in lung epithelial cells. Based on these results, anti-inflammatory effect of Andro in TB infection is merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weigang He
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jinxia Sun
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.,Department of Inspection and Quarantine, School of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318, P.R. China
| | - Yinhong Li
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fu
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
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26
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Doheny D, Manore SG, Wong GL, Lo HW. Hedgehog Signaling and Truncated GLI1 in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092114. [PMID: 32957513 PMCID: PMC7565963 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway regulates normal cell growth and differentiation. As a consequence of improper control, aberrant HH signaling results in tumorigenesis and supports aggressive phenotypes of human cancers, such as neoplastic transformation, tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Canonical activation of HH signaling occurs through binding of HH ligands to the transmembrane receptor Patched 1 (PTCH1), which derepresses the transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor Smoothened (SMO). Consequently, the glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1) zinc-finger transcription factors, the terminal effectors of the HH pathway, are released from suppressor of fused (SUFU)-mediated cytoplasmic sequestration, permitting nuclear translocation and activation of target genes. Aberrant activation of this pathway has been implicated in several cancer types, including medulloblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, basal cell carcinoma, glioblastoma, and cancers of lung, colon, stomach, pancreas, ovarian, and breast. Therefore, several components of the HH pathway are under investigation for targeted cancer therapy, particularly GLI1 and SMO. GLI1 transcripts are reported to undergo alternative splicing to produce truncated variants: loss-of-function GLI1ΔN and gain-of-function truncated GLI1 (tGLI1). This review covers the biochemical steps necessary for propagation of the HH activating signal and the involvement of aberrant HH signaling in human cancers, with a highlight on the tumor-specific gain-of-function tGLI1 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Sara G. Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Grace L. Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA; (D.D.); (S.G.M.); (G.L.W.)
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-336-716-0695
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27
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Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors: A New Therapeutic Class for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood Cancer Discov 2020; 1:134-145. [DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-20-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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28
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Green SD, Konig H. Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Era of Genomics-Achievements and Persisting Challenges. Front Genet 2020; 11:480. [PMID: 32536937 PMCID: PMC7267060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents a malignant disorder of the hematopoietic system that is mainly characterized by rapid proliferation, dysregulated apoptosis, and impaired differentiation of leukemic blasts. For several decades, the diagnostic approach in AML was largely based on histologic characteristics with little impact on the treatment decision-making process. This perspective has drastically changed within the past years due to the advent of novel molecular technologies, such as whole genome next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the resulting knowledge gain in AML biology and pathogenesis. After more than four decades of intensive chemotherapy as a "one-size-fits-all" concept, several targeted agents have recently been approved for the treatment of AML, either as single agents or as part of combined treatment regimens. Several other compounds, directed against regulators of apoptotic, epigenetic, or microenvironmental pathways, as well as modulators of the immune system, are currently in development and being investigated in clinical trials. The constant progress in AML research has started to produce improved survival rates and fueled hopes that a once rapidly fatal disease can be transformed into a chronic condition. In this review, the authors provide a summary of recent advances in the development of targeted AML therapies and discuss persistent challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heiko Konig
- Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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29
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Long L, Assaraf YG, Lei ZN, Peng H, Yang L, Chen ZS, Ren S. Genetic biomarkers of drug resistance: A compass of prognosis and targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia. Drug Resist Updat 2020; 52:100703. [PMID: 32599434 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2020.100703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly aggressive hematological malignancy with complex heterogenous genetic and biological nature. Thus, prognostic prediction and targeted therapies might contribute to better chemotherapeutic response. However, the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) markedly impedes chemotherapeutic efficacy and dictates poor prognosis. Therefore, prior evaluation of chemoresistance is of great importance in therapeutic decision making and prognosis. In recent years, preclinical studies on chemoresistance have unveiled a compendium of underlying molecular basis, which facilitated the development of targetable small molecules. Furthermore, routing genomic sequencing has identified various genomic aberrations driving cellular response during the course of therapeutic treatment through adaptive mechanisms of drug resistance, some of which serve as prognostic biomarkers in risk stratification. However, the underlying mechanisms of MDR have challenged the certainty of the prognostic significance of some mutations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of MDR in therapeutic decision making and prognostic prediction in AML. We present an updated genetic landscape of the predominant mechanisms of drug resistance with novel targeted therapies and potential prognostic biomarkers from preclinical and clinical chemoresistance studies in AML. We particularly highlight the unfolded protein response (UPR) that has emerged as a critical regulatory pathway in chemoresistance of AML with promising therapeutic horizon. Futhermore, we outline the most prevalent mutations associated with mechanisms of chemoresistance and delineate the future directions to improve the current prognostic tools. The molecular analysis of chemoresistance integrated with genetic profiling will facilitate decision making towards personalized prognostic prediction and enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Disease-Free Survival
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Precision Medicine/methods
- Prognosis
- Unfolded Protein Response/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Long
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zi-Ning Lei
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA; School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, P.R. China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Simei Ren
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Circumventing AKT-Associated Radioresistance in Oral Cancer by Novel Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Capivasertib. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030533. [PMID: 32106632 PMCID: PMC7140405 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of radioresistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains a significant problem in cancer treatment, contributing to the lack of improvement in survival trends in recent decades. Effective strategies to overcome radioresistance are necessary to improve the therapeutic outcomes of radiotherapy in OSCC patients. METHODS Cells and xenograft tumors were irradiated using the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform. AKT inhibitor capivasertib (AZD5363) was encapsulated into cathepsin B-responsible nanoparticles (NPs) for tumor-specific delivery. Cell viability was measured by alamarBlue, cell growth was determined by colony formation and 3D culture, and apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry with the staining of Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) Annexin V and PI. An orthotopic tongue tumor model was used to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effects. The molecular changes induced by the treatments were assessed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We show that upregulation of AKT signaling is the critical mechanism for radioresistance in OSCC cells, and AKT inactivation by a selective and potent AKT inhibitor capivasertib results in radiosensitivity. Moreover, relative to irradiation (IR) alone, IR combined with the delivery of capivasertib in association with tumor-seeking NPs greatly enhanced tumor cell repression in 3D cell cultures and OSCC tumor shrinkage in an orthotopic mouse model. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that capivasertib is a potent agent that sensitizes radioresistant OSCC cells to IR and is a promising strategy to overcome failure of radiotherapy in OSCC patients.
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31
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Konings K, Vandevoorde C, Baselet B, Baatout S, Moreels M. Combination Therapy With Charged Particles and Molecular Targeting: A Promising Avenue to Overcome Radioresistance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:128. [PMID: 32117774 PMCID: PMC7033551 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy plays a central role in the treatment of cancer patients. Over the past decades, remarkable technological progress has been made in the field of conventional radiotherapy. In addition, the use of charged particles (e.g., protons and carbon ions) makes it possible to further improve dose deposition to the tumor, while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. Despite these improvements, radioresistance and tumor recurrence are still observed. Although the mechanisms underlying resistance to conventional radiotherapy are well-studied, scientific evidence on the impact of charged particle therapy on cancer cell radioresistance is restricted. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential role that charged particles could play to overcome radioresistance. This review will focus on hypoxia, cancer stem cells, and specific signaling pathways of EGFR, NFκB, and Hedgehog as well as DNA damage signaling involving PARP, as mechanisms of radioresistance for which pharmacological targets have been identified. Finally, new lines of future research will be proposed, with a focus on novel molecular inhibitors that could be used in combination with charged particle therapy as a novel treatment option for radioresistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Konings
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Department of Nuclear Medicine, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjan Moreels
- Radiobiology Unit, Belgian Nuclear Research Center (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
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32
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Thomas X, Heiblig M. An evaluation of glasdegib for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2020; 21:523-530. [PMID: 32027196 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2020.1713094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite recent advances in the treatment of adult acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the overall outcome remains dismal especially in high-risk AML patients, including the elderly and the relapsed/refractory populations. In this setting, various clinical trials have recently explored novel therapeutic agents either used alone or in combination with intensive chemotherapy or low-intensity treatments.Areas covered: The current paper reviews the clinical development of glasdegib, a selective inhibitor of the Hedgehog signaling pathway through binding to its target SMO, for the treatment of AML.Expert opinion: Glasdegib confirmed its efficacy and showed an acceptable tolerability, especially when used in combination either with '3 + 7' chemotherapy or with low-intensity therapies. In 2018, glasdegib was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in combination with low-dose cytarabine for the treatment of newly diagnosed AML in patients older than 75 years or presenting with severe comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Thomas
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hematology Department, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Maël Heiblig
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hematology Department, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Pierre Bénite, France
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33
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Abstract
The hedgehog-smoothened (HH/SMO) pathway has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for hematological malignancies. Our previous studies designed a series of HH inhibitors with novel scaffolds distinctive from vismodegib, the first Food and Drug Administration-approved HH inhibitor for the treatment of basal-cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma. In the present study, we evaluated these HH inhibitors against blood cancers and found that HH78 displayed potent activity in suppressing the HH signaling pathway. HH78 competitively bound to SMO and suppressed the transcriptional activity of GLI by the luciferase reporter gene assay and the measurement of HH/SMO-downregulated genes, including cyclin D2, cyclin E, PTCH1, PTCH2, and GLI. HH78 at low micromolar concentrations induced significant cancer cell apoptosis showed by increased caspase-3 activation, annexin V-staining and downregulated prosurvival proteins, including c-Myc, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, and Bcl-xL. In contrast, vismodegib did not show any effects on these apoptotic events. HH78 also suppressed the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway, which cross-talks with the HH/SMO pathway. Finally, HH78 inhibited the growth of human leukemia K562 in nude mice xenografts with no overt toxicity. Collectively, the present study identified a novel HH inhibitor with great potential for the treatment of hematological malignancies.
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34
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The Val16Ala-SOD2 polymorphism affects cyto-genotoxicity of pyridostigmine bromide on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:237-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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35
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Xu SJ, Zhang F, Wang LJ, Hao MH, Yang XJ, Li NN, Ji HL, Xu P. Flavonoids of Rosa roxburghii Tratt offers protection against radiation induced apoptosis and inflammation in mouse thymus. Apoptosis 2019; 23:470-483. [PMID: 29995207 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-1466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the protective effect of the natural compound flavonoids of Rosa roxburghii Tratt (FRT) against γ-radiation-induced apoptosis and inflammation in mouse thymus cells in vivo and in vitro. Thymus cells and mice were exposed to 60Co γ-ray at a dose of 6 Gy. The radiation treatment induced significant cell apoptosis and inflammation. Radiation increased the expressions of cleaved caspase 3/8-10, AIF, and PARP-1, and FRT could mitigate their activation and inhibit subsequent apoptosis in the thymus both in vitro or in vivo. Irradiation increased the mRNA expression of ICAM-1/VCAM-1, IL-1α/IL-6 and TNF-α/NF-κB. Our results also indicated that FRT alleviated gene expression of some inflammatory factors such as ICAM-1/VCAM-1, TNF-α/NF-κB, but not IL-1α/IL-6. Irradiation increased the protein expression levels of ICAM-1/VCAM-1, IL-1α/IL-6 and TNF-α/NF-Κb, and our results also indicated that FRT alleviated protein level expression of certain inflammatory factors such as ICAM-1, IL-1α/IL-6, TNF-α/NF-κB, but not VCAM-1. Our results suggested that FRT enhanced radioprotection at least partially by regulating caspase 3/8-10, AIF, and PARP-1 to reduce apoptosis and by regulating ICAM-1, IL-1α/IL-6, TNF-α/NF-κB to reduce inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Juan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Ming-Hua Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Recombiant Pharmaceutical Protein Expression System of Henan, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Na-Na Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Northeast, Tyler, TX, 75708, USA. .,Institute of Lung and Molecular Therapy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
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Shallis RM, Bewersdorf JP, Boddu PC, Zeidan AM. Hedgehog pathway inhibition as a therapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:717-729. [PMID: 31422721 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1652095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The Hedgehog (HH) pathway constitutes a collection of signaling molecules which critically influence embryogenesis. In adults, however, the HH pathway remains integral to the proliferation, maintenance, and apoptosis of adult stem cells including hematopoietic stem cells. Areas covered: We discuss the current understanding of the HH pathway as it relates to normal hematopoiesis, the pathology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the rationale for and data from combination therapies including HH pathway inhibitors, and ultimately the prospects that might offer promise in targeting this pathway in AML. Expert opinion: Efforts to target the HH pathway have been focused on impeding this disposition and restoring chemosensitivity to conventional myeloid neoplasm therapies. The year 2018 saw the first approval of a HH pathway inhibitor (glasdegib) for AML, though for an older population and in combination with an uncommonly-used therapy. Several other clinical trials with agents targeting modulators of HH signaling in AML and MDS are underway. Further study and understanding of the interplay between the numerous aspects of HH signaling and how it relates to the augmented survival of AML will provide a more reliable substrate for therapeutic strategies in patients with this poor-risk disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M Shallis
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Jan Philipp Bewersdorf
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Prajwal C Boddu
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven , CT , USA.,Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University , New Haven , CT , USA
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Carpenter RL, Ray H. Safety and Tolerability of Sonic Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors in Cancer. Drug Saf 2019; 42:263-279. [PMID: 30649745 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-018-0777-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hedgehog pathway, for which sonic hedgehog (Shh) is the most prominent ligand, is highly conserved and is tightly associated with embryonic development in a number of species. This pathway is also tightly associated with the development of several types of cancer, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and acute promyelocytic leukemia, among many others. Inactivating mutations in Patched-1 (PTCH1), leading to ligand-independent pathway activation, are frequent in several cancer types, but most prominent in BCC. This has led to the development of several compounds targeting this pathway as a cancer therapeutic. These compounds target the inducers of this pathway in Smoothened (SMO) and the GLI transcription factors, although targeting SMO has had the most success. Despite the many attempts at targeting this pathway, only three US FDA-approved drugs for cancers affect the Shh pathway. Two of these compounds, vismodegib and sonidegib, target SMO to suppress signaling from either PTCH1 or SMO mutations that lead to upregulation of the pathway. The other approved compound is arsenic trioxide, which can suppress this pathway at the level of the GLI proteins, although current evidence suggests it also has other targets. This review focuses on the safety and tolerability of these clinically approved drugs targeting the Shh pathway, along with a discussion on other Shh pathway inhibitors being developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Carpenter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 E. 3rd St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA. .,Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 E. 3rd St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA. .,Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 535 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Haimanti Ray
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1001 E. 3rd St, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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Galangin Suppresses Renal Inflammation via the Inhibition of NF- κB, PI3K/AKT and NLRP3 in Uric Acid Treated NRK-52E Tubular Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3018357. [PMID: 31240210 PMCID: PMC6556363 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3018357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Renal inflammation can result in renal injury. Uric acid (UA) is the final product of purine metabolism in humans and because of the lack of urate oxidase, UA may accumulate in tissues, including kidney, causing inflammation. Galangin was isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine plant and possesses several beneficial effects, working as an anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-viral agent. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the molecular mechanism of galangin in the attenuation of UA induced renal inflammation in normal rat kidney epithelial cells NRK-52E. Our findings suggested that galangin treatment efficiently protected NRK-52E cells against UA induced renal inflammation by decreasing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) release, and it inhibited nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18 mRNA expression. In addition, galangin was not exerting any cytotoxicity at the concentrations that were effective against inflammation as assessed by CCK8 assay. Moreover, western blotting showed that galangin treatment effectively inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and nucleotide-binding domain- (NOD-) like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway activation. Taken together, these findings suggested that galangin plays a pivotal role in renal inflammation by suppressing inflammatory responses, which might be closely associated with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation.
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Yao L, Zhang Z. The reversal of MRP1 expression induced by low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound and curcumin mediated by VEGF in brain glioma. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3581-3593. [PMID: 31190861 PMCID: PMC6526172 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s195205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To explore the effect of curcumin and low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound (LFLIU) on C6 and U87 cell, and whether LFLIU could inhibit multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) by increasing the sensitivity of curcumin via vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF)/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway targeting. Methods: C6 and U87 cells were treated with various doses of curcumin and/or different intensities of LFLIU for 60 s. After 24 hrs, the effects of curcumin and/or LFLIU on the proliferation of C6 and U87 cells were examined. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of VEGF and MRP1 at both mRNA and protein levels. The expression of MRP1 in C6 and U87 cells was also determined following stimulation with recombinant human VEGF and/or LY294002. Results: Curcumin and LFLIU inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells in an intensity- or dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, survivin was significant after combined treatment compares with that of curcumin or LFLIU treatment alone. VEGF and MRP1 were highly expressed in C6 and U87 cells, curcumin and LFLIU alone or in combination could decrease the expression of both VEGF and MRP1. MRP1 expression was down-regulated following LY294002 treatment, which blocked after exposure to VEGF. Conclusion: The synergistic effects, such as a higher inhibition rate, and lower expressions of MRP1 and VEGF, of combined curcumin and LFLIU against glioma was much better than that of a single treatment. The down-regulation of MRP1 may be related with the VEGF/PI3K/Akt pathway in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yao
- Department of ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Cortes JE, Gutzmer R, Kieran MW, Solomon JA. Hedgehog signaling inhibitors in solid and hematological cancers. Cancer Treat Rev 2019; 76:41-50. [PMID: 31125907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hedgehog signaling pathway is normally tightly regulated. Mutations in hedgehog pathway components may lead to abnormal activation. Aberrantly activated hedgehog signaling plays a major role in the development of solid and hematological cancer. In recent years, inhibitors have been developed that attenuate hedgehog signaling; 2 have been approved for use in basal cell carcinoma (BCC), while others are under development or in clinical trials. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of known hedgehog inhibitors (HHIs) and their potential for the treatment of hematological cancers and solid tumors beyond BCC. DESIGN Published literature was searched to identify articles relating to HHIs in noncutaneous cancer. Both preclinical and clinical research articles were included. In addition, relevant clinical trial results were identified from www.clinicaltrials.gov. Information on the pharmacology of HHIs is also included. RESULTS HHIs show activity in a variety of solid and hematological cancers. In preclinical studies, HHIs demonstrated efficacy in pancreatic cancer, rhabdomyosarcoma, breast cancer, and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In clinical studies, HHIs showed activity in medulloblastoma, as well as prostate, pancreatic, and hematological cancers. Current clinical trials testing the efficacy of HHIs are underway for prostate, pancreatic, and breast cancers, as well as multiple myeloma and AML. CONCLUSIONS As clinical trial results become available, it will be possible to discern which additional tumor types are suited to HHI mono- or combination therapy with other anticancer agents. The latter strategy may be useful for delaying or overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd. #428, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Skin Cancer Center Hannover, Department of Dermatology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mark W Kieran
- Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - James A Solomon
- Ameriderm Research, 725 W Granada Blvd Ste 44, Ormond Beach, FL 32174, USA; University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Terao T, Minami Y. Targeting Hedgehog (Hh) Pathway for the Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040312. [PMID: 30987263 PMCID: PMC6523210 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, containing the Patched (PTCH) and Smoothened (SMO) multitransmembrane proteins, is the main regulator of vertebrate embryonic development. A non-canonical Hh pathway was recently observed in numerous types of solid cancers and hematological malignancies. Although acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common and lethal myeloid malignancy, the chemotherapy for AML has not changed in the last three decades. The Hh pathway and other intracellular signaling pathways are important for the tumor cells’ cycle or therapeutic resistance of AML cells. In this article, we will review the current trends in Hh pathway inhibitors for treating AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Terao
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa 296-8602, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Minami
- Department of Hematology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa 277-8577, Japan.
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Sabol M, Trnski D, Musani V, Ozretić P, Levanat S. Role of GLI Transcription Factors in Pathogenesis and Their Potential as New Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2562. [PMID: 30158435 PMCID: PMC6163343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GLI transcription factors have important roles in intracellular signaling cascade, acting as the main mediators of the HH-GLI signaling pathway. This is one of the major developmental pathways, regulated both canonically and non-canonically. Deregulation of the pathway during development leads to a number of developmental malformations, depending on the deregulated pathway component. The HH-GLI pathway is mostly inactive in the adult organism but retains its function in stem cells. Aberrant activation in adult cells leads to carcinogenesis through overactivation of several tightly regulated cellular processes such as proliferation, angiogenesis, EMT. Targeting GLI transcription factors has recently become a major focus of potential therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Diana Trnski
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vesna Musani
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sonja Levanat
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Latuske EM, Stamm H, Klokow M, Vohwinkel G, Muschhammer J, Bokemeyer C, Jücker M, Kebenko M, Fiedler W, Wellbrock J. Combined inhibition of GLI and FLT3 signaling leads to effective anti-leukemic effects in human acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29187-29201. [PMID: 28418873 PMCID: PMC5438723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the Hedgehog pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several tumor types including myeloid leukemia. Previously we demonstrated that overexpression of Hedgehog downstream mediators GLI1/2 confers an adverse prognosis to patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and is correlated with a FLT3 mutated status. To analyze a possible non-canonical activation of the Hedgehog pathway via FLT3 and PI3K, we performed blocking experiments utilizing inhibitors for FLT3 (sunitinib), PI3K (PF-04691502) and GLI1/2 (GANT61) in FLT3-mutated and FLT3 wildtype AML cell lines and primary blasts. Combination of all three compounds had stronger anti-leukemic effects in FLT3-mutated compared to FLT3 wildtype AML cells in vitro. Interestingly, the colony growth of normal CD34+ cells from healthy donors was not impeded by the triple inhibitor combination possibly opening a therapeutic window for the clinical use of inhibitor combinations. Besides, combined treatment with sunitinib, PF-04691502 and GANT61 significantly prolonged the survival of mice transplanted with FLT3-mutated MV4-11 cells compared to the single agent treatments. Furthermore, the inhibition of FLT3 and PI3K resulted in reduced GLI protein expression and promotor activity in FLT3-mutated but not in FLT3 wildtype AML cell lines in western blotting and GLI1/2 promoter assays supporting our hypothesis of non-canonical GLI activation via FLT3. In summary, FLT3-mutated in contrast to FLT3 wildtype cells or normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells are exquisitely sensitive to combined inhibition by FLT3, PI3K and GLI1/2 overcoming some of the limitations of current FLT3 directed therapy in AML. The development of GLI1/2 inhibitors is highly desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily-Marie Latuske
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hauke Stamm
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Klokow
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gabi Vohwinkel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Muschhammer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jücker
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Kebenko
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Wellbrock
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Wu J, Di D, Zhao C, Pan Q, Liu Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, Chen H. Clinical Significance of Gli-1 And Caveolin-1 Expression in the
Human Small Cell Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:401-406. [PMID: 29479989 PMCID: PMC5980926 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.2.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the leading causes of cancer-related deaths around the world. Abnormal activation of the
hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been found to be involved in the occurrence, invasion, and metastasis of cancers.
Autophagy also plays a significant role in the growth and metastasis of cancers. However, the correlation between the
Hh signaling pathway and autophagy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is still poorly understood. This study aimed to
investigate the significance of Hh signaling pathway and autophagy in SCLC. Materials and Methods: The expression
of the Hh-induced transcriptional factor, glioma associated oncogene-1 (Gli-1) and the autophagy-related molecule
caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and their clinical significance was performed to detect and assay by immunohistochemistry in tissue
microarray including 70 patients with SCLC. Results: In our study, 47 (67.1%) patients had positive Gli-1 expression,
49 (70.0%) patients had positive Cav-1 expression, and 44 (62.9%) patients had negative fibroblastic Cav-1 expression.
In SCLC, Gli-1 expression increased markedly, and was closely associated with decreased fibroblastic Cav-1 expression.
Furthermore, we also found that Gli-1 expression was closely associated with increased Cav-1 expression. Conclusions:
Our findings suggested that abnormal activation of the Hh signaling pathway is closely related to autophagy in SCLC.
We envision that novel targets may come with the further investigation of Gli-1 and Cav-1 in carcinogenesis of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuha , China.
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Savona MR, Pollyea DA, Stock W, Oehler VG, Schroeder MA, Lancet J, McCloskey J, Kantarjian HM, Ma WW, Shaik MN, Laird AD, Zeremski M, O'Connell A, Chan G, Cortes JE. Phase Ib Study of Glasdegib, a Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitor, in Combination with Standard Chemotherapy in Patients with AML or High-Risk MDS. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:2294-2303. [PMID: 29463550 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This open-label, multicenter, dose-finding, phase Ib study (NCT01546038) evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical activity of the novel Hedgehog pathway Smoothened inhibitor glasdegib (PF-04449913) in patients (N = 52) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).Experimental Design: Glasdegib 100 or 200 mg was administered orally, once daily in 28-day cycles, in combination with low-dose cytarabine (arm A) or decitabine (arm B) to newly diagnosed patients considered not suitable for standard induction chemotherapy, and in combination with cytarabine/daunorubicin (arm C) to fit patients. The study followed a standard 3+3 dose-escalation design. The primary endpoint was dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). Ten additional patients were enrolled in expansion cohorts of arms A (n = 23) and C (n = 22) to confirm the recommended phase II dose (RP2D).Results: No DLTs were observed in arms A and B; 1 DLT (grade 4 neuropathy) occurred in arm C. The most common treatment-related nonhematologic adverse events were mostly grades 1 and 2 in all arms. Muscle spasms, dysgeusia, and alopecia were generally mild. Overall, 16 patients (31%) achieved a complete remission (CR)/CR with incomplete blood count recovery. Note that 100 mg daily was selected as the RP2D for glasdegib in combination with standard chemotherapies in the absence of an estimated MTD in this setting.Conclusions: Treatment with glasdegib in combination with standard chemotherapy was generally well-tolerated and consistent with prior findings, warranting further evaluation of glasdegib-based combinations in patients with AML or high-risk MDS. Clin Cancer Res; 24(10); 2294-303. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Savona
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Daniel A Pollyea
- Division of Hematology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Mark A Schroeder
- Division of Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey Lancet
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - James McCloskey
- John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Alameen AAM, Simioni C, Martelli AM, Zauli G, Ultimo S, McCubrey JA, Gonelli A, Marisi G, Ulivi P, Capitani S, Neri LM. Healthy CD4+ T lymphocytes are not affected by targeted therapies against the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:55690-55703. [PMID: 27494886 PMCID: PMC5342446 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An attractive molecular target for novel anti-cancer therapies is the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway which is commonly deregulated in many types of cancer. Nevertheless, the effects of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors on T lymphocytes, a key component of immune responses, have been seldom explored. In this study we investigated the effects on human CD4+ T-cells of a panel of PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors: BGT226, Torin-2, MK-2206, and ZSTK474. We also assessed their efficacy against two acute leukemia T cell lines. T lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. Inhibitor effects on cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry, while cytotoxicity was assessed by MTT assays. In addition, the activation status of the pathway as well as induction of autophagy were analyzed by Western blotting. Quiescent healthy T lymphocytes were unaffected by the drugs whereas mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes as well as leukemic cell lines displayed a cell cycle block, caspase-dependent apoptosis, and dephosphorylation of key components of the signaling pathway. Autophagy was also induced in proliferating lymphocytes and in JURKAT and MOLT-4 cell lines. When autophagy was inhibited by 3-methyladenine or Bafilomycin A1, drug cytotoxicity was increased, indicating that autophagy is a protective mechanism. Therefore, our findings suggest that PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors preserve lymphocyte viability. This is a valuable result to be taken into account when selecting drugs for targeted cancer therapy in order to minimize detrimental effects on immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A M Alameen
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Carolina Simioni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Zauli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simona Ultimo
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Arianna Gonelli
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giorgia Marisi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Paola Ulivi
- Biosciences Laboratory, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy
| | - Silvano Capitani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca M Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Wei L, Yan N, Sun L, Bao C, Li D. Interplay between the NF‑κB and hedgehog signaling pathways predicts prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2961-2967. [PMID: 29393402 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are primary causes of patient mortality. The nuclear factor (NF)‑κB signaling pathway and hedgehog signaling pathway were previously reported to contribute to cell growth and metastasis in ESCC. The present study therefore investigated the roles of the NF‑κB and hedgehog pathways in ESCC tumors following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT). By immunohistochemistry staining, it was observed that NF‑κB and glioma‑associated oncogene homolog 1 (Gli1), key components of the NF‑κB and hedgehog pathways, respectively, were decreased following NCRT, which was further confirmed by western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, survival analysis suggested that high expression levels of either NF‑κB or Gli1 were associated with poor overall survival (OS) of patients. In the esophageal cell line TE‑8, NF‑κB and Gli1 formed a positive feedback loop, and inhibition of either NF‑κB or Gli1 may inhibit cell migration, invasion and proliferation. The results of the present study demonstrated that activation of the NF‑κB and hedgehog signaling pathways limited the OS of patients with ESCC following NCRT, and may therefore be suitable targets for ESCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Wei
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Nang Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Chuanen Bao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Chenggong Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Demin Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Command, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
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Zheng Y, Liu L, Chen C, Ming P, Huang Q, Li C, Cao D, Xu X, Ge W. The extracellular vesicles secreted by lung cancer cells in radiation therapy promote endothelial cell angiogenesis by transferring miR-23a. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3627. [PMID: 28852584 PMCID: PMC5572936 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important factor contributing to the radioresistance of lung cancer. However, the associated mechanisms underlying radiotherapy-induced pro-angiogenesis are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from cultured cells in vitro enhanced HUVEC proliferation and migration, and the enhancement effect became more obvious when HUVECs were treated with EV derived from A549 or H1299, two lung cancer cell lines. Additionally, the pro-angiogenesis effect induced by EV could be strengthened when the lung cancer cells were exposed to X-ray irradiation. Furthermore, we verified that the downregulation of PTEN plays a vital role in this process. By evaluating the changes in the levels of microRNAs(miRNAs) targeting PTEN in EV, we found that miR-23a was significantly upregulated and mediated a decrease in PTEN. A luciferase reporter gene transfer experiment demonstrated that PTEN was the direct target of miR-23a, and the kinetics of PTEN expression were opposite to those of miR-23a. Our results show that the miR-23a/PTEN pathway plays an important role in EV-induced angiogenesis. These findings implicate the miR-23a/PTEN axis as a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfa Zheng
- Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pingpo Ming
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Changhu Li
- Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dedong Cao
- Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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MCL Plays an Anti-Inflammatory Role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Induced Immune Response by Inhibiting NF- κB and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Mediators Inflamm 2017. [PMID: 28642632 PMCID: PMC5470027 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2432904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) remains a significant menace to global health as it induces granulomatous lung lesions and systemic inflammatory responses during active tuberculosis (TB). Micheliolide (MCL), a sesquiterpene lactone, was recently reported to have a function of relieving LPS-induced inflammatory response, but the regulative role of MCL on the immunopathology of TB still remains unknown. In this experiment, we examined the inhibitory effect of MCL on Mtb-induced inflammatory response in mouse macrophage-like cell line Raw264.7 by downregulating the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and NLRP3 inflammasome. Evidences showed that MCL decreased the secretion of Mtb-induced inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, MCL dramatically suppressed Mtb-induced activation of iNOS and COX2 as well as subsequent production of NO. Furthermore, MCL inhibited Mtb-induced phosphorylation of Akt (Ser 473) in Raw264.7. According to our results, MCL plays an important role in modulating Mtb-induced inflammatory response through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway and subsequently downregulating the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Therefore, MCL may represent as a potential drug candidate in the adjuvant treatment of TB by regulating host immune response.
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50
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Meng X, Cai J, Liu J, Han B, Gao F, Gao W, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Jiang C. Curcumin increases efficiency of γ-irradiation in gliomas by inhibiting Hedgehog signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1181-1192. [PMID: 28463091 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1320000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It was reported that γ-irradiation had a controversial therapeutic effect on glioma cells. We aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect on the glioma cells induced by γ-irradiation and explore the treatment to rescue the phenotype alteration of remaining cells. We used transwell assay to detect the glioma cell invasion and migration capacity. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were tested by the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry respectively. Western Blot was used to detect the activity of Hedgehog signaling pathway and Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) status. γ-irradiation showed cytotoxic effect on LN229 cells in vitro, whereas this contribution was limited in U251 cells. However, it could significantly stimulated EMT process in both LN229 and U251. Curcumin (CCM) could rescue EMT process induced by γ-irradiation via the suppression of Gli1 and the upregulation of Sufu. The location and expression of EMT markers were also verified by Immunofluorescence. Immunohistochemistry assay was used on intracranial glioma tissues of nude mice. The capacities of cell migration and invasion were suppressed with combined therapy. This research showed Curcumin could rescue the EMT process induced by γ-irradiation via inhibiting the Hedgehog signaling pathway and potentiate the cell cytotoxic effect in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Meng
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China.,c Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Harbin , China
| | - Jichao Liu
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Bo Han
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Fei Gao
- d Department of Laboratory Diagnosis , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China
| | - Weida Gao
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Yao Zhang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Zhefeng Zhao
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- a Department of Neurosurgery , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University , Harbin , China.,b Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) , Beijing , China.,c Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences , Harbin , China
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