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Kalinowski J, Idiong C, Blackman-Carr L, Cooksey Stowers K, Davis S, Pan C, Chhabra A, Eaton L, Gans KM, Alexander JE, Pagoto S. Leveraging the Black Girls Run Web-Based Community as a Supportive Community for Physical Activity Engagement: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e43825. [PMID: 37676722 PMCID: PMC10514768 DOI: 10.2196/43825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 59%-73% of Black women do not meet the recommended targets for physical activity (PA). PA is a key modifiable lifestyle factor that can help mitigate risk for chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension that disproportionately affect Black women. Web-based communities focused on PA have been emerging in recent years as web-based gathering spaces to provide support for PA in specific populations. One example is Black Girls Run (BGR), which is devoted to promoting PA in Black women. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the content shared on the BGR public Facebook page to provide insight into how web-based communities engage Black women in PA and inform the development of web-based PA interventions for Black women. METHODS Using Facebook Crowdtangle, we collected posts (n=397) and associated engagement data from the BGR public Facebook page for the 6-month period between June 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021. We pooled data in Dedoose to analyze the qualitative data and conducted a content analysis of qualitative data. We quantified types of posts, post engagement, and compared post types on engagement: "like," "love," "haha," "wow," "care," "sad," "angry," "comments," and "shares." RESULTS The content analysis revealed 8 categories of posts: shout-outs to members for achievements (n=122, 31%), goals or motivational (n=65, 16%), announcements (n=63, 16%), sponsored or ads (n=54, 14%), health related (n=47, 11%), the lived Black experience (n=23, 6%), self-care (n=15, 4%), and holidays or greetings (n=8, 2%). The 397 posts attracted a total of 55,354 engagements (reactions, comments, and shares). Associations between the number of engagement and post categories were analyzed using generalized linear models. Shout-out posts (n=22,268) elicited the highest average of total user engagement of 181.7 (SD 116.7), followed by goals or motivational posts (n=11,490) with an average total engagement of 160.1 (SD 125.2) and announcements (n=7962) having an average total engagement of 129.9 (SD 170.7). Significant statistical differences were found among the total engagement of posts (χ72=80.99, P<.001), "like" (χ72=119.37, P<.001), "love" (χ72=63.995, P<.001), "wow" (χ72=23.73, P<.001), "care" (χ72=35.06, P<.001), "comments" (χ72=80.55, P<.001), and "shares" (χ72=71.28, P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The majority of content on the BGR Facebook page (n=250, 63%) was focused on celebrating member achievements, motivating members to get active, and announcing and promoting active events. These types of posts attracted 75% of total post engagement. BGR appears to be a rich web-based community that offers social support for PA as well as culturally relevant health and social justice content. Web-based communities may be uniquely positioned to engage minoritized populations in health behavior. Further research should explore how and if web-based communities such as BGR can be interwoven into health interventions and health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolaade Kalinowski
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Christie Idiong
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Loneke Blackman-Carr
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | | | - Shardé Davis
- Department of Communication, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Cindy Pan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Alisha Chhabra
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Lisa Eaton
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Kim M Gans
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | | | - Sherry Pagoto
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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2
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Madigan CD, Fong M, Howick J, Kettle V, Rouse P, Hamilton L, Roberts N, Gomersall SR, Daley AJ. Effectiveness of interventions to maintain physical activity behavior (device-measured): Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13304. [PMID: 34129276 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity has many physical, mental, and social health benefits. Interventions can be successful at helping people initiate participation, but there is a lack of evidence about the ability of these interventions to help adults maintain their physical activity. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to address this evidence gap. We investigated the extent to which successful physical activity interventions with demonstrated success within randomized controlled trials result in maintenance of device-measured physical activity (at least 3 months post-intervention end). Five databases were searched, and 8919 titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility, and 29 trials met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 22 were included in the meta-analysis. We found that 60% to 80% of physical activity behavior was maintained, as equivalent to an additional 45 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and 945 steps per day compared with comparators. We also examined trials that randomized participants to maintenance interventions after an initial physical activity intervention (n = 7) and we found small effects (standardized mean difference 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1 to 0.27). The evidence suggests that most (60%-80%) of the increases in physical activity in successful programs are maintained for at least 3 months and there are small effects from providing a maintenance intervention to the public. Registration: CRD42019144585.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire D Madigan
- The School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, The Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour (CLiMB), Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mackenzie Fong
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Jeremy Howick
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria Kettle
- The School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, The Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour (CLiMB), Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Peter Rouse
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Louisa Hamilton
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nia Roberts
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sjaan R Gomersall
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amanda J Daley
- The School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, The Centre for Lifestyle Medicine and Behaviour (CLiMB), Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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3
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Justin TA, Jette S. "That chart ain't for us": How Black women understand "obesity," health, and physical activity. Health (London) 2021; 26:605-621. [PMID: 34523360 DOI: 10.1177/13634593211046844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we use qualitative methodology to explore how eight physically active Black women, who self-identify as "obese," understand and experience health and physical activity, as well as how they position themselves in relation to discourses pertaining to "obesity" and Black femininity. Drawing on Foucauldian-informed critical obesity scholarship and Black feminist thought, we explore the ways in which physically active Black women concurrently resist, reproduce, and navigate racialized and gendered obesity discourse. Our findings advance critical obesity scholarship as we indicate that participants simultaneously adapt to, negotiate, and resist obesity discourse by re-defining health, questioning the BMI, and centering their desire for corporeal "thickness" as critical to their identity as Black women.
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4
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Abstract
Health-promotion behaviors among urban Black women are the forefront of US health policy regarding health disparities. This cross-sectional study explored factors such as health literacy, self-efficacy, and readiness for change with health-promotion behaviors of urban Black women. Although these variables are relevant, urban Black women have identified that spirituality and history of domestic violence were also relevant. The sample consists of 152 participants from outpatient clinics, community events, and grocery stores in one Northeastern US city. The anonymous online survey contained the following Instruments: Newest Vital Sign, New General Self-efficacy Scale, Health Risk Instrument, Daily Spiritual Assessment Scale, FAST Survey, and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II. Univariate statistics and bivariate/simultaneous linear regression identified significant relationships between health-promotion behaviors and the following: eeadiness for change, self-efficacy, and spirituality. Participants who engaged in health-promotion behaviors were ready to change, but these behaviors were negatively associated with spirituality, self-efficacy, and a history of domestic violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millie Hepburn
- College of Health Professions, Lienhard School of Nursing, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY, USA
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5
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Keller AO. A Healthy Life for African American Women Caregivers: A Concept Mapping Study. Womens Health Issues 2021; 31:130-139. [PMID: 33380373 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE African American women experience a higher burden of caregiving, but they are often underrepresented in studies on caregiver health. This study used a participatory process to elucidate how African American women caring for older adults view health and factors that influence health. METHODS We invited African American women ages 24-64 years old who reported caring for an older adult for group concept mapping, a process consisting of five steps: 1) preparation, 2) idea generation, 3) sorting and rating, 4) creating maps, and 5) interpreting maps. Participants (n = 29) first completed idea generation by responding to the focus prompt "A healthy life for a caregiver includes _____." Participants then sorted ideas into clusters based on conceptual similarity and rated each idea on desirability and importance. Data were managed via The Concept System Global MAX Software. RESULTS Idea generation identified 512 ideas that reduced to 99 unique ideas. Using the 99 ideas, a cluster map with 12 outcome domains best fit the data. Identified clusters included spirituality, maintaining relationships, good character, taking action to cope, preserving oneself, support, personal empowerment, resources, striving for peace, handling emotions, wellness, and taking care of self and place. Forty-three ideas representing 10 of the 12 domains were rated high for desirability and importance. CONCLUSION A participatory research method was used to integrate the voices of African American women caregivers and provide a rich set of elements necessary for their health and well-being. We also identified potential focus areas for interventions aimed at promoting the health of these caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiola O Keller
- Marquette University College of Nursing, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
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Haughton J, Takemoto ML, Schneider J, Hooker SP, Rabin B, Brownson RC, Arredondo EM. Identifying barriers, facilitators, and implementation strategies for a faith-based physical activity program. Implement Sci Commun 2020; 1:51. [PMID: 32885207 PMCID: PMC7427873 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-020-00043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community engagement is critical to the acceleration of evidence-based interventions into community settings. Harnessing the knowledge and opinions of community leaders increases the likelihood of successful implementation, scale-up, and sustainment of evidence-based interventions. Faith in Action (Fe en Acción) is an evidence-based promotora-led physical activity program designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among churchgoing Latina women. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) at various Catholic and Protestant churches with large Latino membership in San Diego County, California to explore barriers and facilitators to implementation of Faith in Action and identify promising implementation strategies for program scale-up and dissemination. We interviewed 22 pastors and church staff and analyzed transcripts using an iterative-deductive team approach. Results Pastors and church staff described barriers and facilitators to implementation within three domains of CFIR: characteristics of individuals (lack of self-efficacy for and knowledge of physical activity; influence on churchgoers' behaviors), inner setting (church culture and norms, alignment with mission and values, competing priorities, lack of resources), and outer setting (need for buy-in from senior leadership). From the interviews, we identified four promising implementation strategies for the scale-up of faith-based health promotion programs: (1) health behavior change training for pastors and staff, (2) tailored messaging, (3) developing community collaborations, and (4) gaining denominational support. Conclusions While churches can serve as valuable partners in health promotion, specific barriers and facilitators to implementation must be recognized and understood. Addressing these barriers through targeted implementation strategies at the adopter and organizational level can facilitate improved program implementation and lead the way for scale-up and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Haughton
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 221, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
| | | | - Jennifer Schneider
- Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 221, San Diego, CA 92123 USA
| | - Steven P Hooker
- College of Health and Human Services, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Borsika Rabin
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Ross C Brownson
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA.,Department of Surgery (Division of Public Health Sciences) and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Elva M Arredondo
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA USA
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7
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Hornbuckle LM, Gizlice Z, Heil DP, Whitt-Glover MC. A Faith-Integrated Physical Activity Intervention and Cardiometabolic Risk in African American Women. TRANSLATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2019; 4:225-234. [PMID: 33442561 PMCID: PMC7802800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effects of a 10-month secular (SEC) versus faith-integrated (FI) community-based physical activity (PA) intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors in low active, African-American women. METHODS Participants (age: 55.4±11.6 years; body mass index (BMI): 36.0±7.9 kg/m2; average baseline steps/day: 3,807±1,250) from a larger study (n=418) participated in a sub-study to measure cardiometabolic disease indicators (primary outcomes) and PA (secondary outcomes) pre- and post-intervention (SEC: n=42; FI: n=43). Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, resting blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, average steps/day, sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) were acquired at baseline and 10 months. Multivariate generalized linear mixed models that included churches as a random effect were used to compare mean changes in outcomes at 10 months between the two study groups (α=0.05). RESULTS The FI group showed significant time effects for weight (93.4±2.4 to 92.2±2.3 kg), BMI (35.7±1.0 to 35.3±1.0 kg/m2), and waist circumference (106.9±2.2 to 103.8±2.5 cm), while the SEC group had a significant time effect for hip circumference (121.6±1.9 to 119.9±1.7 cm). There were no time effects in either group for blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, steps/day, sedentary time, or MVPA. FI significantly decreased LPA in both 1-minute activity bouts (641±13 to 588±16 minutes/day) and 10-minute bouts (536±11 to 479±15 minutes/day). There were no significant differences between SEC and FI for any variable. CONCLUSIONS The improvements in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference shown after the FI intervention could have long-term implications on cardiometabolic health, particularly if exercise is continued. Further research is needed to examine the effects of culturally-relevant interventions on chronic disease indicators in African-American women, particularly those established as high risk for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey M. Hornbuckle
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, & Sport Studies - University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Ziya Gizlice
- Center for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Daniel P. Heil
- Department of Health & Human Development - Montana State University, Bozeman, MT
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8
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Kinsey AW, Segar ML, Barr-Anderson DJ, Whitt-Glover MC, Affuso O. Positive Outliers Among African American Women and the Factors Associated with Long-Term Physical Activity Maintenance. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2019; 6:603-617. [PMID: 30644068 PMCID: PMC6500467 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-018-00559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Studying positive outliers, individuals who have achieved success with long-term (> 6-month) physical activity (PA) engagement, may be an important approach for understanding strategies for improving leisure-time PA maintenance among African American (AA) women. This cross-sectional, mixed-methods study (1) examined the personal characteristics, PA patterns, and behavioral practices of positive outliers among AA women and (2) compared characteristics of those who maintain PA at recommended levels (HIGH, ≥ 150 min/week > 6 months) with those who maintain low PA volumes (LOW, < 150 min/week > 6 months). A large sample of positive outliers completed this study (n = 290), and most became physically active on their own (76.2%). These AA women were committed to maintaining an active lifestyle, accumulated 249.7 ± 105.8 min of PA/week, and engaged in a variety of activities. Their behavioral practices included scheduling PA during the week (85.9%), goal-setting (82.4%), engaging in PA with others (55.9%), self-monitoring (78.3%), and having a backup plan for missed sessions (54.8%). HIGH maintainers (84.9%) made up most of the sample, and these women were characteristically similar to LOW maintainers with few differences. HIGH maintainers have been active longer, achieved higher commitment scores, and engaged in PA at a higher frequency, duration, and intensity, resulting in higher weekly PA volume compared to LOW maintainers (273.8 ± 96.1 vs. 114.4 ± 24.3 min per week, p ≤ 0.001). Our findings identify factors that may be important for successful PA maintenance among AA women and may help to inform the development of effective behavioral interventions to promote sustained, long-term PA engagement in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber W Kinsey
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
| | - Michelle L Segar
- Sport, Health, and Activity Research and Policy Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Melicia C Whitt-Glover
- Gramercy Research Group, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Olivia Affuso
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Bernhart JA, Dunn CG, Wilcox S, Saunders RP, Sharpe PA, Stucker J. Church leaders' barriers and facilitators before and after implementing a physical activity and nutrition intervention. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2019; 34:188-199. [PMID: 30601982 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Faith-based health promotion programs have been effective in increasing healthy eating (HE) and physical activity (PA). Very few reports exist regarding church leaders' anticipated and experienced barriers and facilitators to program implementation. Pastors (n = 38, 70%) and program coordinators (n = 54, 100%) from churches (N = 54) who attended a program training answered open-ended questions about anticipated barriers and facilitators to implementing the HE and PA parts of the Faith, Activity, and Nutrition (FAN) program. Twelve months later, pastors (n = 49, 92%) and coordinators (n = 53, 98%) answered analogous questions about their experienced barriers and facilitators to implementing the HE and PA parts of the FAN program. Responses were coded using thematic analysis. Similar themes appeared at baseline and follow-up for anticipated and experienced barriers and facilitators. The most common barriers were no anticipated barriers, resistance to change, church characteristics, and lack of participation/motivation. The most common facilitators were internal support, leadership, and communication. Few differences were found between anticipated and experienced barriers and facilitators. Understanding these perspectives, particularly overcoming resistance to change and church characteristics through strong leadership and internal support from church leaders, will improve future program development, resources, and technical assistance in faith-based and non-faith-based communities alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bernhart
- Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina
- Department of Exercise Science
| | - C G Dunn
- Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - S Wilcox
- Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina
- Department of Exercise Science
| | - R P Saunders
- Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - P A Sharpe
- Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina
| | - J Stucker
- Prevention Research Center, University of South Carolina
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Bruce MA, Norris KC, Beech BM, Bowie JV, Thorpe RJ. Perspective: A Call for Precision in Faith-based Initiatives Promoting Health among African Americans. Ethn Dis 2019; 29:17-20. [PMID: 30713411 DOI: 10.18865/ed.29.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethn Dis. 2019;29(1):17-20; doi:10.18865/ed.29.1.17
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Affiliation(s)
- Marino A Bruce
- Program for Research on Faith and Health, Center for Research on Men's Health, Vanderbilt University.,Center for Medicine, Health and Society, Vanderbilt University.,Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Keith C Norris
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center.,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Bettina M Beech
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center
| | - Janice V Bowie
- Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Roland J Thorpe
- Department of Population Health Science, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center.,Department of Health, Behavior, and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
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