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Ramey HL, Lawford HL, Berardini Y, Mahdy SS, Khanna N, Ross MD, von Hugo TK. Safer spaces in youth development programs and health in Canadian youth. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad166. [PMID: 38091620 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Engagement in youth programs is a potential means to promote health and well-being across populations of young people. Safer spaces in these youth programs are likely critical in fostering positive health outcomes, but current research on the links between safer spaces and health is limited. In this exploratory study, we examined links between program safety in youth development programs and minoritized status, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychosomatic health complaints. Participants (N = 282; Mean age = 16.97 years; SD = 2.97) self-identified across various minority status groups, including LGBTQ (30%) and a range of perceived income levels. We tested a statistical model in which safer spaces, LGBTQ status and perceived income predicted HRQoL and health complaints in youth development program participants. LGBTQ status and lower perceived income were related to lower HRQoL and more health complaints, and safer space in youth development programs was related to better HRQoL. We also found an interaction effect, such that safer spaces in youth programs appeared to be especially beneficial for HRQoL for youth with higher incomes. Findings reinforce past research on LGBTQ status and income as factors for youth wellness and mental health. Findings also suggest that perceived safer spaces in youth development programs support better HRQoL and lower health complaints, across populations of participating youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Ramey
- Child & Youth Studies Department, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Students Commission of Canada, 23 Isabella Street, Toronto, Ontario, M4Y 1M7, Canada
| | - Heather L Lawford
- Students Commission of Canada, 23 Isabella Street, Toronto, Ontario, M4Y 1M7, Canada
- Psychology Department, Bishop's University, 2600 College, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1M 1Z7, Canada
| | - Yana Berardini
- Students Commission of Canada, 23 Isabella Street, Toronto, Ontario, M4Y 1M7, Canada
- Department of Child & Youth Studies, Trent University, 55 Thornton Rd S, Oshawa, Ontario, L1J 5Y1, Canada
| | - Sharif S Mahdy
- The Students Commission of Canada, 23 Isabella Street, Toronto, Ontario, M4Y 1M7, Canada
| | - Nishad Khanna
- The Students Commission of Canada, 23 Isabella Street, Toronto, Ontario, M4Y 1M7, Canada
| | - Madeleine D Ross
- The Students Commission of Canada, 23 Isabella Street, Toronto, Ontario, M4Y 1M7, Canada
| | - Tonia K von Hugo
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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Barbero C, Hafeedh Bin Abdullah A, Wiggins N, Garrettson M, Jones D, S Guinn A, Girod C, Bradford J, Wennerstrom A. Community Health Worker Activities in Public Health Programs to Prevent Violence: Coding Roles and Scope. Am J Public Health 2022; 112:1191-1201. [PMID: 35737917 PMCID: PMC9342815 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2022.306865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In multiple and related forms, violence is a serious public health issue with lasting impacts on health and wellness in the United States. Community health workers (CHWs) are frontline public health workers and trusted members of communities. We aimed to analyze recent examples of CHW activities in violence prevention public health programs with a goal of informing future programs and research. We collected more than 300 documents published between 2010 and 2020 to identify public health programs to prevent violence including CHW activities. We used an iterative process to develop and apply a coding scheme to the CHW activities. We identified 20 public health programs to prevent violence which included CHW activities. CHWs most often addressed community violence, youth violence, and family violence and played an average of 8 of 10 core roles per program. Fewer than a third (i.e., 6 programs) reported community-focused CHW activities to address upstream and structural determinants of health inequities. This first examination, to our knowledge, of the intersection of the CHW and violence prevention literature shows that CHWs have played many of their core roles in public health programs to address multiple forms of violence. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(8):1191-1201. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306865).
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Barbero
- Colleen Barbero, Angie S. Guinn, Candace Girod, and Joivita Bradford are with the Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Abdul Hafeedh Bin Abdullah is with CommUnity Healing Through Activism and Strategic Mobilization and Sokoto House, Wilmington, NC. Noelle Wiggins is with the Community Health Worker Common Indicators Project, Portland, OR. Mariana Garrettson is with The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention, Chapel Hill, NC. Dean Jones is with HOOPWAVE Sports Mentoring, Hartford, CT. Ashley Wennerstrom is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Healthcare Value and Equity, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans. Note. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Abdul Hafeedh Bin Abdullah
- Colleen Barbero, Angie S. Guinn, Candace Girod, and Joivita Bradford are with the Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Abdul Hafeedh Bin Abdullah is with CommUnity Healing Through Activism and Strategic Mobilization and Sokoto House, Wilmington, NC. Noelle Wiggins is with the Community Health Worker Common Indicators Project, Portland, OR. Mariana Garrettson is with The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention, Chapel Hill, NC. Dean Jones is with HOOPWAVE Sports Mentoring, Hartford, CT. Ashley Wennerstrom is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Healthcare Value and Equity, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans. Note. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Noelle Wiggins
- Colleen Barbero, Angie S. Guinn, Candace Girod, and Joivita Bradford are with the Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Abdul Hafeedh Bin Abdullah is with CommUnity Healing Through Activism and Strategic Mobilization and Sokoto House, Wilmington, NC. Noelle Wiggins is with the Community Health Worker Common Indicators Project, Portland, OR. Mariana Garrettson is with The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention, Chapel Hill, NC. Dean Jones is with HOOPWAVE Sports Mentoring, Hartford, CT. Ashley Wennerstrom is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Healthcare Value and Equity, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans. Note. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Mariana Garrettson
- Colleen Barbero, Angie S. Guinn, Candace Girod, and Joivita Bradford are with the Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Abdul Hafeedh Bin Abdullah is with CommUnity Healing Through Activism and Strategic Mobilization and Sokoto House, Wilmington, NC. Noelle Wiggins is with the Community Health Worker Common Indicators Project, Portland, OR. Mariana Garrettson is with The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention, Chapel Hill, NC. Dean Jones is with HOOPWAVE Sports Mentoring, Hartford, CT. Ashley Wennerstrom is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Healthcare Value and Equity, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans. Note. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Dean Jones
- Colleen Barbero, Angie S. Guinn, Candace Girod, and Joivita Bradford are with the Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Abdul Hafeedh Bin Abdullah is with CommUnity Healing Through Activism and Strategic Mobilization and Sokoto House, Wilmington, NC. Noelle Wiggins is with the Community Health Worker Common Indicators Project, Portland, OR. Mariana Garrettson is with The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention, Chapel Hill, NC. Dean Jones is with HOOPWAVE Sports Mentoring, Hartford, CT. Ashley Wennerstrom is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Healthcare Value and Equity, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans. Note. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Angie S Guinn
- Colleen Barbero, Angie S. Guinn, Candace Girod, and Joivita Bradford are with the Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Abdul Hafeedh Bin Abdullah is with CommUnity Healing Through Activism and Strategic Mobilization and Sokoto House, Wilmington, NC. Noelle Wiggins is with the Community Health Worker Common Indicators Project, Portland, OR. Mariana Garrettson is with The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention, Chapel Hill, NC. Dean Jones is with HOOPWAVE Sports Mentoring, Hartford, CT. Ashley Wennerstrom is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Healthcare Value and Equity, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans. Note. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Candace Girod
- Colleen Barbero, Angie S. Guinn, Candace Girod, and Joivita Bradford are with the Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Abdul Hafeedh Bin Abdullah is with CommUnity Healing Through Activism and Strategic Mobilization and Sokoto House, Wilmington, NC. Noelle Wiggins is with the Community Health Worker Common Indicators Project, Portland, OR. Mariana Garrettson is with The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention, Chapel Hill, NC. Dean Jones is with HOOPWAVE Sports Mentoring, Hartford, CT. Ashley Wennerstrom is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Healthcare Value and Equity, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans. Note. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Joivita Bradford
- Colleen Barbero, Angie S. Guinn, Candace Girod, and Joivita Bradford are with the Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Abdul Hafeedh Bin Abdullah is with CommUnity Healing Through Activism and Strategic Mobilization and Sokoto House, Wilmington, NC. Noelle Wiggins is with the Community Health Worker Common Indicators Project, Portland, OR. Mariana Garrettson is with The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention, Chapel Hill, NC. Dean Jones is with HOOPWAVE Sports Mentoring, Hartford, CT. Ashley Wennerstrom is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Healthcare Value and Equity, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans. Note. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
| | - Ashley Wennerstrom
- Colleen Barbero, Angie S. Guinn, Candace Girod, and Joivita Bradford are with the Division of Violence Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Abdul Hafeedh Bin Abdullah is with CommUnity Healing Through Activism and Strategic Mobilization and Sokoto House, Wilmington, NC. Noelle Wiggins is with the Community Health Worker Common Indicators Project, Portland, OR. Mariana Garrettson is with The Health Alliance for Violence Intervention, Chapel Hill, NC. Dean Jones is with HOOPWAVE Sports Mentoring, Hartford, CT. Ashley Wennerstrom is with the Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Healthcare Value and Equity, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans. Note. The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Study protocol for comparing Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) to referral as usual for depression in African American churches. Trials 2022; 23:93. [PMID: 35101100 PMCID: PMC8801931 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide. African American adults, compared to White adults, are half as likely to be screened for depression in primary care settings. Disparities in depression screening contribute to poor clinical outcomes, as African Americans with depression are more disabled and sicker longer compared to Whites. African American churches are trusted settings that provide access to supports for depression. Indeed, in the first study of its kind, the investigators found that 20% of adults in African American churches screened positive for depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). However, no subjects with a positive screen (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) accepted a treatment referral when offered by research personnel. Community Health Workers, who are trusted paraprofessionals from the target community, may bridge the gap between depression screening and treatment. The investigators have trained and certified 112 Community Health Workers from 45 African American churches in New York City to deliver an evidence-based intervention called Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT). Thus, the aim of the current study is to test the impact of Community Health Worker-delivered depression screening in Black churches on engagement with clinical services. Methods Using a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation design, we propose a 2-arm, mixed-methods cluster randomized controlled trial. Church study sites will be randomized to either SBIRT (intervention arm) or referral as usual (usual care arm). This trial will be conducted with 600 church members across 30 churches (300 intervention; 300 usual care). Our primary outcome is treatment engagement, defined as attending a depression-related clinical visit. Secondary outcomes will be changes in Mental Health-Related Quality of Life and depressive symptoms at 3 and 6 months post-screening. Lastly, we will conduct a concurrent, mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) process evaluation to assess contextual facilitators and barriers of screening and referral. Discussion This is the first randomized trial of a church-placed, community health worker-delivered intervention for depression in African American populations. This study may provide a novel and effective approach to increasing depression identification and treatment linkage in economically disadvantaged populations with high depression rates. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04524767. Registered on 21 August 2020.
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Hankerson SH, Crayton LS, Duenas SC. Engaging African American Clergy and Community Members to Increase Access to Evidence-Based Practices for Depression. Psychiatr Serv 2021; 72:974-977. [PMID: 33993714 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
African American clergy provide informal counseling for community members with depression. Through a qualitative case study with two African American clergy and 25 community members in New York City, the authors explored perspectives on training clergy in interpersonal counseling (IPC). Data were analyzed by using thematic analysis. Results were grouped into three themes: mistrust of institutions, depression stigma, and feasibility of training clergy in IPC. Clergy members wanted IPC training but did not want to counsel more people. Thus, training clergy may be insufficient to reduce racial disparities in access to evidence-based depression services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney H Hankerson
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Hankerson); Department of Social Work, Fordham University, New York City (Crayton); Sacramento Minority Business Development Agency and Cal Asian Chamber of Commerce, Sacramento, California (Duenas). Roberto Lewis-Fernández, M.D., is editor of this column
| | - La'Shay S Crayton
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Hankerson); Department of Social Work, Fordham University, New York City (Crayton); Sacramento Minority Business Development Agency and Cal Asian Chamber of Commerce, Sacramento, California (Duenas). Roberto Lewis-Fernández, M.D., is editor of this column
| | - Sonia C Duenas
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City (Hankerson); Department of Social Work, Fordham University, New York City (Crayton); Sacramento Minority Business Development Agency and Cal Asian Chamber of Commerce, Sacramento, California (Duenas). Roberto Lewis-Fernández, M.D., is editor of this column
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Byrd-Williams C, Ewing M, Rosenthal EL, St. John JA, Menking P, Redondo F, Sieswerda S. Training Needs of Community Health Workers Facing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Texas: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:689946. [PMID: 34195172 PMCID: PMC8236534 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.689946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has required the professional healthcare workforce not only to adjust methods of delivering care safely but also act as a trusted sources of information during a time of uncertainty and rapid research and discovery. The Community Health Worker COVID-19 Impact Survey is a cross-sectional study developed to better understand the impact of COVID-19 on this sector of the healthcare workforce, including training needs of those working through the pandemic. The survey was distributed in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. This study focuses on Texas, and the data presented (n = 693) is a sub-set of qualitative data from the larger survey. Results of the content analysis described in this paper are intended to inform current COVID-19-related CHW training curriculum, in addition to future infectious disease prevention and preparedness response trainings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Byrd-Williams
- Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Mollie Ewing
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - E. Lee Rosenthal
- Department of Medical Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Julie Ann St. John
- Julia Jones Matthews Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX, United States
| | - Paige Menking
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | | | - Stephanie Sieswerda
- Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) School of Public Health in Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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