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Hogan KFE, Jones HP, Savage K, Burke AM, Guiden PW, Hosler SC, Rowland-Schaefer E, Barber NA. Functional consequences of animal community changes in managed grasslands: An application of the CAFE approach. Ecology 2024; 105:e4192. [PMID: 37878728 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In the midst of an ongoing biodiversity crisis, much research has focused on species losses and their impacts on ecosystem functioning. The functional consequences (ecosystem response) of shifts in communities are shaped not only by changes in species richness, but also by compositional shifts that result from species losses and gains. Species differ in their contribution to ecosystem functioning, so species identity underlies the consequences of species losses and gains on ecosystem functions. Such research is critical to better predict the impact of disturbances on communities and ecosystems. We used the "Community Assembly and the Functioning of Ecosystems" (CAFE) approach, a modification of the Price equation to understand the functional consequences and relative effects of richness and composition changes in small nonvolant mammal and dung beetle communities as a result of two common disturbances in North American prairie restorations, prescribed fire and the reintroduction of large grazing mammals. Previous research in this system has shown dung beetles are critically important decomposers, while small mammals modulate much energy in prairie food webs. We found that dung beetle communities were more responsive to bison reintroduction and prescribed fires than small nonvolant mammals. Dung beetle richness increased after bison reintroduction, with higher dung beetle community biomass resulting from changes in remaining species (context-dependent component) rather than species turnover (richness components); prescribed fire caused a minor increase in dung beetle biomass for the same reason. For small mammals, bison reintroduction reduced energy transfer through the loss of species, while prescribed fire had little impact on either small mammal richness or energy transfer. The CAFE approach demonstrates how bison reintroduction controls small nonvolant mammal communities by increasing prairie food web complexity, and increases dung beetle populations with possible benefits for soil health through dung mineralization and soil bioturbation. Prescribed fires, however, have little effect on small mammals and dung beetles, suggesting a resilience to fire. These findings illustrate the key role of re-establishing historical disturbance regimes when restoring endangered prairie ecosystems and their ecological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine F E Hogan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Holly P Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
- Institute for the Study of the Environment, Sustainability, and Energy, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Kirstie Savage
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela M Burke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter W Guiden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Sheryl C Hosler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erin Rowland-Schaefer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicholas A Barber
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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Parsons AW, Clark JS, Kays R. Monitoring small mammal abundance using NEON data: are calibrated indices useful? J Mammal 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyac096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Small mammals are important to the functioning of ecological communities with changes to their abundances used to track impacts of environmental change. While capture–recapture estimates of absolute abundance are preferred, indices of abundance continue to be used in cases of limited sampling, rare species with little data, or unmarked individuals. Improvement to indices can be achieved by calibrating them to absolute abundance but their reliability across years, sites, or species is unclear. To evaluate this, we used the US National Ecological Observatory Network capture–recapture data for 63 small mammal species over 46 sites from 2013 to 2019. We generated 17,155 absolute abundance estimates using capture–recapture analyses and compared these to two standard abundance indices, and three types of calibrated indices. We found that neither raw abundance indices nor index calibrations were reliable approximations of absolute abundance, with raw indices less correlated with absolute abundance than index calibrations (raw indices overall R2 < 0.5, index calibration overall R2 > 0.6). Performance of indices and index calibrations varied by species, with those having higher and less variable capture probabilities performing best. We conclude that indices and index calibration methods should be used with caution with a count of individuals being the best index to use, especially if it can be calibrated with capture probability. None of the indices we tested should be used for comparing different species due to high variation in capture probabilities. Hierarchical models that allow for sharing of capture probabilities over species or plots (i.e., joint-likelihood models) may offer a better solution to mitigate the cost and effort of large-scale small mammal sampling while still providing robust estimates of abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arielle W Parsons
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 , USA
| | - James S Clark
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27710 , USA
| | - Roland Kays
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695 , USA
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences , Raleigh, North Carolina 27601 , USA
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Teng W, Maqsood I, Wang H, Ma J, Rong K. Correlation and Influence of Seasonal Variation of Diet with Gut Microbiota Diversity and Metabolism Profile of Chipmunk. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2586. [PMID: 36230327 PMCID: PMC9559678 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamias Sibiricus is the only member of the genus Tamias, a significant and vigorous seed distributor and vital food for their predators. No information is known about the strict diet, gut microbiota structure, and metabolism profile of chipmunks and how they diversify seasonally. The above factors, as well as flexibility toward seasonal shifts, are critical in defining its growth rates, health, survivorship, and population stability. This study explored the diet, gut microbiota composition, and chipmunk metabolism. Additionally, the influence of different seasons was also investigated by using next-generation sequencing. Results revealed that seasons strongly affected a diet: streptophyte accounted for 37% in spring, which was lower than in summer (34.3%) and autumn (31.4%). Further, Ascomycota was observed at 43.8% in spring, which reduced to 36.6% in summer and the lowest (31.3%) in autumn. Whereas, nematodes showed maximum abundance from spring (15.8%) to summer (20.6%) and autumn (24.1%). These results signify the insectivorous nature of the chipmunk in summer and autumn. While herbivorous and fungivorous nature in spring. The DNA analysis revealed that chipmunk mainly feeds on fungi, including Aspergillus and Penicillium genus. Similar to diet composition, the microbiome also exhibited highly significant dissimilarity (p < 0.001, R = 0.235) between spring/autumn and spring/summer seasons. Proteobacteria (35.45%), Firmicutes (26.7%), and Bacteroidetes (23.59%) were shown to be the better discriminators as they contributed the most to causing differences between seasons. Moreover, PICRUSt showed that the assimilation of nutrients were also varied seasonally. The abundance of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, xenobiotics, energy, terpenoids, and polyketides metabolism was higher in spring than in other seasons. Our study illustrates that seasonal reconstruction in the chipmunk diet has a significant role in shaping temporal variations in gut microbial community structure and metabolism profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Teng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Iram Maqsood
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Department of Zoology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianzhang Ma
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ke Rong
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Moore NB, Stephens RB, Rowe RJ. Nutritional and environmental factors influence small mammal seed selection in a northern temperate forest. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas B. Moore
- Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Ryan B. Stephens
- Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Rebecca J. Rowe
- Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
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Johnson SE, Zettlemoyer MA. Seed predator preferences are associated with seed traits but an unlikely mechanism of local extinction. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Johnson
- Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners MI 49060‐9505
| | - Meredith A. Zettlemoyer
- Kellogg Biological Station Michigan State University Hickory Corners MI 49060‐9505
- Department of Plant Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602‐5004
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Gratzer G, Pesendorfer MB, Sachser F, Wachtveitl L, Nopp‐Mayr U, Szwagrzyk J, Canham CD. Does fine scale spatiotemporal variation in seed rain translate into plant population structure? OIKOS 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Gratzer
- Inst. of Forest Ecology, Dept of Soil and Forest Sciences, BOKU – Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Mario B. Pesendorfer
- Inst. of Forest Ecology, Dept of Soil and Forest Sciences, BOKU – Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Frederik Sachser
- Inst. of Forest Ecology, Dept of Soil and Forest Sciences, BOKU – Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
- Inst. of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, Dept of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, BOKU – Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Laura Wachtveitl
- Inst. of Forest Ecology, Dept of Soil and Forest Sciences, BOKU – Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Ursula Nopp‐Mayr
- Inst. of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, Dept of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, BOKU – Univ. of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Jerzy Szwagrzyk
- Dept of Botany and Nature Conservation, Forest Biodiversity Inst., Univ. of Agriculture Kraków Poland
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Deniau M, Pihain M, Béchade B, Jung V, Brunellière M, Gouesbet V, Prinzing A. Seeds and seedlings of oaks suffer from mammals and molluscs close to phylogenetically isolated, old adults. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:787-798. [PMID: 33506241 PMCID: PMC8103810 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mammals and molluscs (MaM) are abundant herbivores of tree seeds and seedlings, but how the trees and their environment affect MaM herbivory has been little studied. MaM tend to move much larger distances during the feeding stage than the more frequently studied insect herbivores. We hypothesize that MaM (1) select and stay within the patches that promise to be relatively the richest in seeds and seedlings, i.e. patches around adult trees that are old and within a distantly related, less productive neighborhood; and (2) try to remain sheltered from predators while foraging, i.e. mammals remain close to adult trees or to cover by herbs while foraging, and might force their mollusc prey to show the opposite distribution. METHODS We exposed oak acorns and seedlings in a temperate forest along transects from adult conspecifics in different neighbourhoods. We followed acorn removal and leaf herbivory. We used exclusion experiments to separate acorn removal by ungulates vs. rodents and leaf herbivory by insects vs. molluscs. We measured the size of the closest conspecific adult tree, its phylogenetic isolation from the neighbourhood and the herbaceous ground cover. KEY RESULTS Consistent with our hypothesis, rodents removed seeds around adult trees surrounded by phylogenetically distant trees and by a dense herb cover. Molluscs grazed seedlings surrounding large conspecific adults and where herb cover is scarce. Contrary to our hypothesis, the impact of MaM did not change from 1 to 5 m distance from adult trees. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that foraging decisions of MaM repulse seedlings from old adults, and mediate the negative effects of herbaceous vegetation on tree recruitment. Also, an increase in mammalian seed predation might prevent trees from establishing in the niches of phylogenetically distantly related species, contrary to what is known from insect enemies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Deniau
- University of Rennes, CNRS, Research Unit ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Mickael Pihain
- University of Rennes, CNRS, Research Unit ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Benoît Béchade
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vincent Jung
- University of Rennes, CNRS, Research Unit ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Margot Brunellière
- University of Rennes, CNRS, Research Unit ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Valérie Gouesbet
- University of Rennes, CNRS, Research Unit ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
| | - Andreas Prinzing
- University of Rennes, CNRS, Research Unit ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution) - UMR 6553, Rennes, France
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Welegerima K, Meheretu Y, Haileselassie TH, Gebre B, Kidane D, Massawe AW, Mbije NE, Makundi RH. Abundance and microhabitat use of rodent species in crop fields and bushland in Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.20054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiros Welegerima
- Department of Wildlife Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; e-mail: ,
| | - Yonas Meheretu
- Department of Biology, College of Natural & Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; e-mail: , ,
| | - Tsegazeabe H. Haileselassie
- Department of Biology, College of Natural & Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; e-mail: , ,
| | - Brhane Gebre
- Department of Biology, College of Natural & Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; e-mail: , ,
| | - Dawit Kidane
- Department of Biology, College of Natural & Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; e-mail: , ,
| | - Apia W. Massawe
- The African Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development, Morogoro, Tanzania; e-mail: ,
| | - Nsajigwa E. Mbije
- Department of Wildlife Management, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; e-mail: ,
| | - Rhodes H. Makundi
- The African Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development, Morogoro, Tanzania; e-mail: ,
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Burke K, Wettlaufer J, Beresford D, Martin P. Habitat use of co-occurring burying beetles (genus Nicrophorus) in southeastern Ontario, Canada. CAN J ZOOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2019-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The coexistence of closely related species plays an important role in shaping local diversity. However, competition for shared resources can limit the ability of species to coexist. Many species avoid the costs of coexistence by diverging in habitat use, known as habitat partitioning. We examine patterns of habitat use in seven co-occurring species of burying beetles (genus Nicrophorus Fabricius, 1775), testing the hypothesis that Nicrophorus species partition resources by occupying distinct habitats. We surveyed Nicrophorus abundance and 54 habitat characteristics at 100 random sites spanning an environmentally diverse region of southeastern Ontario, Canada. We found that three species occupied distinct habitat types consistent with habitat partitioning. Specifically, Nicrophorus pustulatus Herschel, 1807, Nicrophorus hebes Kirby, 1837, and Nicrophorus marginatus Fabricius, 1801 appear to be specialists for forest canopy, wetlands, and open fields, respectively. In contrast, Nicrophorus orbicollis Say, 1825, Nicrophorus sayi Laporte, 1840, and Nicrophorus tomentosus Weber, 1801 appear to be generalists with wide breadths of habitat use. We were unable to identify the habitat associations of Nicrophorus defodiens Mannerheim, 1846. Our findings are consistent with habitat acting as an important resource axis along which some Nicrophorus species partition; however, divergence along other resource axes (e.g., temporal partitioning) also appears important for Nicrophorus coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.W. Burke
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J.D. Wettlaufer
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - D.V. Beresford
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON K9L 1Z8, Canada
| | - P.R. Martin
- Department of Biology, Queen’s University, 116 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Chandler JL, Van Deelen TR, Nibbelink NP, Orrock JL. Large-scale patterns of seed removal by small mammals differ between areas of low- versus high-wolf occupancy. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7145-7156. [PMID: 32760518 PMCID: PMC7391330 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Because most tree species recruit from seeds, seed predation by small-mammal granivores may be important for determining plant distribution and regeneration in forests. Despite the importance of seed predation, large-scale patterns of small-mammal granivory are often highly variable and thus difficult to predict. We hypothesize distributions of apex predators can create large-scale variation in the distribution and abundance of mesopredators that consume small mammals, creating predictable areas of high and low granivory. For example, because gray wolf (Canis lupus) territories are characterized by relatively less use by coyotes (C. latrans) and greater use by foxes (Vulpes vulpes, Urocyon cinereoargentus) that consume a greater proportion of small mammals, wolf territories may be areas of reduced small-mammal granivory. Using large-scale, multiyear field trials at 22 sites with high- and low-wolf occupancy in northern Wisconsin, we evaluated whether removal of seeds of four tree species was lower in wolf territories. Consistent with the hypothesized consequences of wolf occupancy, seed removal of three species was more than 25% lower in high-wolf-occupancy areas across 2 years and small-mammal abundance was more than 40% lower in high-wolf areas during one of two study years. These significant results, in conjunction with evidence of seed consumption in situ and the absence of significant habitat differences between high- and low-wolf areas, suggest that top-down effects of wolves on small-mammal granivory and seed survival may occur. Understanding how interactions among carnivores create spatial patterns in interactions among lower trophic levels may allow for more accurate predictions of large-scale patterns in seed survival and forest composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nathan P. Nibbelink
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - John L. Orrock
- Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWisconsinUSA
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11
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Guiden PW, Orrock JL. Seasonal shifts in activity timing reduce heat loss of small mammals during winter. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Kempter I, Nopp-Mayr U, Hausleithner C, Gratzer G. Tricky to track: comparing different tagging methods for tracing beechnut dispersal by small mammals. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-018-1640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Bringing the Natives Back: Identifying and Alleviating Establishment Limitations of Native Hardwood Species in a Conifer Plantation. FORESTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/f9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Pellish CA, Sherrard ME, Leytem PA, Jackson LL. Small vertebrate granivores reduce seedling emergence in native tallgrass prairie restoration. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A. Pellish
- Department of Biology; University of Northern Iowa; Cedar Falls IA 50614 U.S.A
| | - Mark E. Sherrard
- Department of Biology; University of Northern Iowa; Cedar Falls IA 50614 U.S.A
| | - Paige A. Leytem
- Department of Biology; University of Northern Iowa; Cedar Falls IA 50614 U.S.A
| | - Laura L. Jackson
- Department of Biology; University of Northern Iowa; Cedar Falls IA 50614 U.S.A
- Tallgrass Prairie Center; University of Northern Iowa; Cedar Falls IA 50614-0294 U.S.A
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15
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Larios L, Pearson DE, Maron JL. Incorporating the effects of generalist seed predators into plant community theory. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loralee Larios
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA92507 USA
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT59812 USA
| | - Dean E. Pearson
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT59812 USA
- Rocky Mountain Research Station U.S.D.A. Forest Service Missoula MT59801 USA
| | - John L. Maron
- Division of Biological Sciences University of Montana Missoula MT59812 USA
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Ibáñez I, Katz DSW, Lee BR. The contrasting effects of short-term climate change on the early recruitment of tree species. Oecologia 2017; 184:701-713. [PMID: 28573380 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-3889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Predictions of plant responses to climate change are frequently based on organisms' presence in warmer locations, which are then assumed to reflect future performance in cooler areas. However, as plant life stages may be affected differently by environmental changes, there is little empirical evidence that this approach provides reliable estimates of short-term responses to global warming. Under this premise, we analyzed 8 years of early recruitment data, seed production and seedling establishment and survival, collected for two tree species at two latitudes. We quantified recruitment to a wide range of environmental conditions, temperature, soil moisture and light, and simulated recruitment under two forecasted climatic scenarios. Annual demographic transitions were affected by the particular conditions taking place during their onset, but the effects of similar environmental shifts differed among the recruitment stages; seed production was higher in warmer years, while seedling establishment and survival peaked during cold years. Within a species, these effects also varied between latitudes; increasing temperatures at the southern location will have stronger detrimental effects on recruitment than similar changes at the northern locations. Our simulations illustrate that warmer temperatures may increase seed production, but they will have a negative effect on establishment and survival. When the three early recruitment processes were simultaneously considered, simulations showed little change in recruitment dynamics at the northern site and a slight decrease at the southern site. It is only when we considered these three stages that we were able to assess likely changes in early recruitment under the predicted conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ibáñez
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Daniel S W Katz
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin R Lee
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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17
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Flagel DG, Belovsky GE, Cramer MJ, Beyer DE, Robertson KE. Fear and loathing in a Great Lakes forest: cascading effects of competition between wolves and coyotes. J Mammal 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyw162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Xiao Z, Zhang Z. Contrasting patterns of short-term indirect seed-seed interactions mediated by scatter-hoarding rodents. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1370-7. [PMID: 27136379 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that direct effects of seed predators or dispersers can have strong effects on seedling establishment. However, we have limited knowledge about the indirect species interactions between seeds of different species that are mediated by shared seed predators and/or dispersers and their consequences for plant demography and diversity. Because scatter-hoarding rodents as seed dispersers may leave some hoarded seeds uneaten, scatter hoarding may serve to increase seed survival and dispersal. Consequently, the presence of heterospecific seeds could alter whether the indirect interactions mediated by scatter-hoarding rodents have a net positive effect, creating apparent mutualism between seed species, or a net negative effect, creating apparent competition between seed species. We present a testable framework to measure short-term indirect effects between co-occurring plant species mediated by seed scatter-hoarding rodents. We tested this framework in a subtropical forest in south-west China using a replacement design and tracked the fate of individually tagged seeds in experimental patches. We manipulated the benefits to rodents by using low-tannin dormant chestnuts as palatable food and high-tannin non-dormant acorns as unpalatable food. We found that seed palatability changed the amount of scatter hoarding that occurred when seeds co-occurred either among or within patches. Consistent with our predictions, scatter-hoarding rodents created apparent mutualism through increasing seed removal and seed caching, and enhancing survival, of both plant species in mixed patches compared with monospecific patches. However, if we ignore scatter hoarding and treat all seed harvest as seed predation (and not dispersal), then apparent competition between palatable chestnuts and unpalatable acorns was also observed. This study is the first to demonstrate that foraging decisions by scatter-hoarding animals to scatter hoard seeds for later consumption (or loss) or consume them can influence indirect effects among co-occurring seeds, and rodent-mediated indirect effects vary depending on whether the harvested seeds are hoarded or eaten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhishu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
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Schartel TE, Schauber EM. Relative Preference and Localized Food Affect Predator Space Use and Consumption of Incidental Prey. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151483. [PMID: 26978659 PMCID: PMC4792457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant, localized foods can concentrate predators and their foraging efforts, thus altering both the spatial distribution of predation risk and predator preferences for prey that are encountered incidentally. However, few investigations have quantified the spatial scale over which localized foods affect predator foraging behavior and consumption of incidental prey. In spring 2010, we experimentally tested how point-source foods altered how generalist predators (white-footed mice, Peromyscus leucopus) utilized space and depredated two incidental prey items: almonds (Prunus dulcis; highly profitable) and maple seeds (Acer saccharum; less profitable). We estimated mouse population densities with trapping webs, quantified mouse consumption rates of these incidental prey items, and measured local mouse activity with track plates. We predicted that 1) mouse activity would be elevated near full feeders, but depressed at intermediate distances from the feeder, 2) consumption of both incidental prey would be high near feeders providing less-preferred food and, 3) consumption of incidental prey would be contingent on predator preference for prey relative to feeders providing more-preferred food. Mouse densities increased significantly from pre- to post-experiment. Mean mouse activity was unexpectedly greatest in control treatments, particularly <15 m from the control (empty) feeder. Feeders with highly preferred food (sunflower seeds) created localized refuges for incidental prey at intermediate distances (15 to 25m) from the feeder. Feeders with less-preferred food (corn) generated localized high risk for highly preferred almonds <10 m of the feeder. Our findings highlight the contingent but predictable effects of locally abundant food on risk experienced by incidental prey, which can be positive or negative depending on both spatial proximity and relative preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E. Schartel
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America
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Jones BM, Cove MV, Lashley MA, Jackson VL. Do coyotes Canis latrans influence occupancy of prey in suburban forest fragments? Curr Zool 2016; 62:1-6. [PMID: 29491884 PMCID: PMC5804128 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zov004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With the extirpation of apex predators from many North American systems, coyotes
Canis latrans have become the de facto top predator
and are ubiquitous members of most ecosystems. Keystone predators aid in maintaining
ecosystem function by regulating the mammal community through direct predation and
instilling the landscape of fear, yet the value of coyotes regulating systems to this
capacity is understudied and likely variable across environments. Since coyotes are common
in the Midwestern United States, we utilized camera traps and occupancy analyses to assess
their role in regulating the distribution of mammalian herbivores in a fragmented suburban
ecosystem. Forest cover was a strong positive predictor of white-tailed deer
Odocoileus virginianus detection, while coyote occurrence had a
negative effect. Coyotes exerted a negative effect on squirrel (Sciurus
spp.) and eastern cottontail rabbit Sylvilagus floridanus occurrence,
while urban cover was a positive predictor for the prey species’ occurrence. These results
suggest all 3 species behaviorally avoid coyotes whereby deer seek denser forest cover and
squirrels and cottontails mitigate risk by increasing use of urban areas. Although
previous studies reveal limited influence of coyote on the rest of the carnivore guild in
suburban systems, we suggest coyotes play an important role in regulating the herbivorous
mammals and hence may provide similar ecological benefits in urban/suburban forest
fragments through trophic cascades. Furthermore, since hunting may not be allowed in urban
and suburban habitats, coyotes might also serve as the primary regulator of nuisance
species occurring at high abundance such as white-tailed deer and squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Jones
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO 64093, USA
| | - Michael V Cove
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO 64093, USA.,Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Marcus A Lashley
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.,Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Victoria L Jackson
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO 64093, USA
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21
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Conrod CA, Reitsma L. Demographic Responses of Myomorph Rodents to Mast Production in a Beech- and Birch-Dominated Northern Hardwood Forest. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2015. [DOI: 10.1656/045.022.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Lichti NI, Steele MA, Swihart RK. Seed fate and decision‐making processes in scatter‐hoarding rodents. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:474-504. [PMID: 26587693 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathanael I. Lichti
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 U.S.A
| | | | - Robert K. Swihart
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 U.S.A
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23
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Montero-Castaño A, Vilà M. Direct and Indirect Influence of Non-Native Neighbours on Pollination and Fruit Production of a Native Plant. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128595. [PMID: 26110630 PMCID: PMC4482463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Entomophilous non-native plants can directly affect the pollination and reproductive success of native plant species and also indirectly, by altering the composition and abundance of floral resources in the invaded community. Separating direct from indirect effects is critical for understanding the mechanisms underlying the impacts of non-native species on recipient communities. Objectives Our aims are: (a) to explore both the direct effect of the non-native Hedysarum coronarium and its indirect effect, mediated by the alteration of floral diversity, on the pollinator visitation rate and fructification of the native Leopoldia comosa and (b) to distinguish whether the effects of the non-native species were due to its floral display or to its vegetative interactions. Methods We conducted field observations within a flower removal experimental setup (i.e. non-native species present, absent and with its inflorescences removed) at the neighbourhood scale. Results Our study illustrates the complexity of mechanisms involved in the impacts of non-native species on native species. Overall, Hedysarum increased pollinator visitation rates to Leopoldia target plants as a result of direct and indirect effects acting in the same direction. Due to its floral display, Hedysarum exerted a direct magnet effect attracting visits to native target plants, especially those made by the honeybee. Indirectly, Hedysarum also increased the visitation rate of native target plants. Due to the competition for resources mediated by its vegetative parts, it decreased floral diversity in the neighbourhoods, which was negatively related to the visitation rate to native target plants. Hedysarum overall also increased the fructification of Leopoldia target plants, even though such an increase was the result of other indirect effects compensating for the observed negative indirect effect mediated by the decrease of floral diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero-Castaño
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Departamento de Ecología Integrativa, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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Ratiarison S, Forget PM. Fruit availability, frugivore satiation and seed removal in 2 primate-dispersed tree species. Integr Zool 2015; 6:178-94. [PMID: 21910838 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During a mast-fruiting event we investigated spatial variability in fruit availability, consumption, and seed removal at two sympatric tree species, Manilkara bidentata and M. huberi (Sapotaceae) at Nouragues Natural Reserve, French Guiana. We addressed the question of how Manilkara density and fruits at the community level might be major causes of variability in feeding assemblages between tree species. We thus explored how the frugivore assemblages differed between forest patches with contrasting relative Manilkara density and fruiting context. During the daytime, Alouatta seniculus was more often observed in M. huberi crowns at Petit Plateau (PP) with the greatest density of Manilkara spp. and the lowest fruit diversity and availability, whereas Cebus apella and Saguinus midas were more often observed in M. bidentata crowns at both Grand Plateau (GP), with a lowest density of M. bidentata and overall greater fruit supply, and PP. Overall, nearly 53% and 15% of the M. bidentata seed crop at GP and PP, respectively, and about 47% of the M. huberi seed crop were removed, otherwise either spit out or defecated beneath trees, or dropped in fruits. Small-bodied primates concentrated fallen seeds beneath parent trees while large-bodied primate species removed and dispersed more seeds away from parents. However, among the latter, satiated A. seniculus wasted seeds under conspecific trees at PP. Variations in feeding assemblages, seed removal rates and fates possibly reflected interactions with extra-generic fruit species at the community level, according to feeding choice, habitat preferences and ranging patterns of primate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ratiarison
- Department of Ecology and Management of Biodiversity, Museum of Natural History Museum (MNHN), Brunoy, France.
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25
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Mérő TO, Bocz R, Polyák L, Horváth G, Lengyel S. Local habitat management and landscape-scale restoration influence small-mammal communities in grasslands. Anim Conserv 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. O. Mérő
- Nature Protection and Study Society - NATURA; Sombor Serbia
| | - R. Bocz
- Department of Ecology; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - L. Polyák
- BioAqua Pro; Környezetvédelmi Szolgáltató és Tanácsadó Kft; Debrecen Hungary
| | - G. Horváth
- Department of Ecology; University of Pécs; Pécs Hungary
| | - S. Lengyel
- Department of Tisza River Research; Danube Research Institute; Centre for Ecological Research; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Debrecen Hungary
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26
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Krall JS, Hohmann MG, Fraterrigo JM. Contingent fire effects on granivore removal of exotic woody plant seeds in longleaf pine savannas. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-013-0557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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27
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Martínez D, García D, Herrera JM. Consistency and reciprocity of indirect interactions between tree species mediated by frugivorous birds. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rose CL, Turk PJ, Selego SM, Anderson JT. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) select fruits of native species over invasive honeysuckle fruits. J Mammal 2014. [DOI: 10.1644/12-mamm-a-293.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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29
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Demographic Effects of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Exclosures on White-footed Mice (Peromyscus leucopus). AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST 2013. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031-170.1.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Brunner JL, Duerr S, Keesing F, Killilea M, Vuong H, Ostfeld RS. An Experimental Test of Competition among Mice, Chipmunks, and Squirrels in Deciduous Forest Fragments. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66798. [PMID: 23824654 PMCID: PMC3688938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed hardwood forests of the northeast United States support a guild of granivorous/omnivorous rodents including gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus), and white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus). These species coincide geographically, co-occur locally, and consume similar food resources. Despite their idiosyncratic responses to landscape and patch variables, patch occupancy models suggest that competition may influence their respective distributions and abundances, and accordingly their influence on the rest of the forest community. Experimental studies, however, are wanting. We present the result of a large-scale experiment in which we removed white-footed mice or gray squirrels from small, isolated forest fragments in Dutchess County, New York, and added these mammals to other fragments in order to alter the abundance of these two species. We then used mark-recapture analyses to quantify the population-level and individual-level effects on resident mice, squirrels, and chipmunks. Overall, we found little evidence of competition. There were essentially no within-season numerical responses to changes in the abundance of putative competitors. Moreover, while individual-level responses (apparent survival and capture probability) did vary with competitor densities in some models, these effects were often better explained by site-specific parameters and were restricted to few of the 19 sites we studied. With only weak or nonexistent competition among these three common rodent species, we expect their patterns of habitat occupancy and population dynamics to be largely independent of one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse L. Brunner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, United States of America
| | - Shannon Duerr
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, United States of America
| | - Felicia Keesing
- Department of Biology, Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary Killilea
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Holly Vuong
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Ostfeld
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, United States of America
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31
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Schnurr JL, Ostfeld RS, Canham CD. The Influence of Nearest Seed Neighbors on Seed Removal in Deciduous Forests. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2012. [DOI: 10.1656/045.019.0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Hinkelman TM, Orrock JL, Loeb SC. Effect of Downed Woody Debris on Small Mammal Anti-Predator Behavior. Ethology 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2011.01978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Norghauer JM, Newbery DM. Seed fate and seedling dynamics after masting in two African rain forest trees. ECOL MONOGR 2011. [DOI: 10.1890/10-2268.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ganey JL, Chambers CL. A Reconnaissance of Small Mammal Communities in Garland and Government Prairies, Arizona. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2011. [DOI: 10.3398/064.071.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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35
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Vinogradov VV, Litvinov YN, Abramov SA. Ecological assessment of murine rodent communities in the mountain forest belt of southern Central Siberia. RUSS J ECOL+ 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413611030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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VANDERWEL MARKC, MALCOLM JAYR, CASPERSEN JOHNP, NEWMAN MARKA. Fine-Scale Habitat Associations of Red-Backed Voles in Boreal Mixedwood Stands. J Wildl Manage 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1937-2817.2010.tb01276.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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37
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Long-term dynamics of mouse-like rodents population size in dark coniferous forest of the East Sayan mountains. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF THERIOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.15298/rusjtheriol.08.2.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Uriarte M, Bruna EM, Rubim P, Anciães M, Jonckheere I. Effects of forest fragmentation on the seedling recruitment of a tropical herb: assessing seed vs. safe-site limitation. Ecology 2010; 91:1317-28. [DOI: 10.1890/09-0785.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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Bagne KE, Finch DM. Response of Small Mammal Populations to Fuel Treatment and Precipitation in a Ponderosa Pine Forest, New Mexico. Restor Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2009.00601.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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40
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Schauber EM, Connors MJ, Goodwin BJ, Jones CG, Ostfeld RS. Quantifying a dynamic risk landscape: heterogeneous predator activity and implications for prey persistence. Ecology 2009; 90:240-51. [DOI: 10.1890/07-0980.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Moore JE, Swihart RK. Factors affecting the relationship between seed removal and seed mortality. CAN J ZOOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1139/z08-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
S.B. Vander Wall et al. (Ecology, 86: 801–806 (2005)) criticized seed dispersal studies that use seed removal as a proxy for seed predation, because secondary dispersal processes following removal are important to seed fates for many plants. We compared seed removal rates with direct estimates of seed mortality and another mortality index, based on a 3-year experiment that included five temperate deciduous tree species and four exclosure treatments designed to identify effects of different seed consumer groups. Patterns of seed removal rates generally did not match patterns of mortality. Removal and mortality rates were both highest in seed-poor years, indicative of response to food limitation, but annual food abundance interacted with seed type differently for removal rates than for mortality rates. The effect of exclosure type (access by different consumers) on removal rates was opposite its effect on mortality rates; seeds were removed fastest from exclosures that allowed access to tree squirrels (genus Sciurus L., 1758), but these seeds had the lowest mortality because Sciurus is an important seed disperser. We discuss types of studies in which seed removal may be a reasonable index of seed mortality, and we stress the importance of justifying assumptions concerning links between removal and predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Moore
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - R. K. Swihart
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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44
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45
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Schnurr JL, Collins BS. Influences on Oak and Pine Establishment with Time Since Fire in Sandhills Pinus paulustris (Longleaf Pine) Forests. SOUTHEAST NAT 2007. [DOI: 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[523:iooape]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Tsvuura Z, Griffiths ME, Lawes MJ. The Effect of Herbaceous Understory Cover on Fruit Removal and Seedling Survival in Coastal Dune Forest Trees in South Africa. Biotropica 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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47
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Caccia FD, Chaneton EJ, Kitzberger T. Trophic and non-trophic pathways mediate apparent competition through post-dispersal seed predation in a Patagonian mixed forest. OIKOS 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14390.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Schmidt KA, Ostfeld RS, Smyth KN. Spatial heterogeneity in predator activity, nest survivorship, and nest-site selection in two forest thrushes. Oecologia 2006; 148:22-9. [PMID: 16425046 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability of prey to find and use predator-free space has far-reaching consequences for their persistence and interactions with their predators. We tested whether nest survivorship of the ground-nesting veery (Catharus fuscescens) and shrub-nesting wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina) was related to the local absence of a major nest predator, the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus). Mouse-free space was defined by trap stations that failed to trap a mouse during the avian breeding season (approximately May through July). In addition, mouse activity was quantified at individual trap stations based on the number of captures during the same period (six 2.25-ha trapping grids, each containing 121 trap stations trapped repeatedly throughout the summer between 1998 and 2002.) Annual mouse-free space was correlated with other measures of mouse activity based on trapping data. Both mouse-free space and activity metrics were significantly related to annual rates of nest predation (i.e., nest daily mortality rate) in veery but not wood thrush. Likewise, mouse-free space and mouse activity within the nest neighborhood (approximately 30x30 m2 surrounding each nest) was significantly related to nest survivorship in veery but not wood thrush. More trap stations had consistently greater (hotspots) and lesser (coldspots) mouse activity than expected by chance, and veeries were significantly more likely to nest near stations that had below the grid-average trapping success. Our study thus documented significant spatial variability in predator activity and its relationship to nest predation and nest-site selection in a ground-nesting songbird.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Schmidt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, MS 3131, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
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49
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RUSCOE WENDYA, ELKINTON JOSEPHS, CHOQUENOT DAVID, ALLEN ROBERTB. Predation of beech seed by mice: effects of numerical and functional responses. J Anim Ecol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Gratzer G, Canham C, Dieckmann U, Fischer A, Iwasa Y, Law R, Lexer MJ, Sandmann H, Spies TA, Splechtna BE, Szwagrzyk J. Spatio-temporal development of forests - current trends in field methods and models. OIKOS 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.13063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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