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Goddard J, Shivaji R, Cronin JT. Ecological release and patch geometry can cause nonlinear density-area relationships. J Theor Biol 2023; 557:111325. [PMID: 36356943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A primary driver of species extinctions and declining biodiversity is loss and fragmentation of habitats owing to human activities. Many studies spanning a wide diversity of taxa have described the relationship between population density and habitat patch area, i.e., the density-area relationship (DAR), as positive, neutral, negative or some combination of the three. However, the mechanisms responsible for these relationships remain elusive. We employ a theoretical spatially explicit population model built upon the reaction-diffusion framework with absorbing boundary conditions to model a habitat specialist dwelling in islands of habitat surrounded by a hostile matrix. We consider patches with a convex or non-convex geometry. Our results show that a single species following logistic-type population growth exhibits a strictly positive and continuous DAR. However, when multiple asymptotically stable steady states are preset in the system, a discontinuous DAR arises. In the case of two species governed by diffusive Lotka-Volterra growth and competitive interactions, we observe that overall DAR structure can be either (1) positive, (2) positive for small areas and neutral for large, or (3) hump-shaped, i.e., positive for area below a threshold and negative for area above. Patch complexity such as non-convex geometry can cause discontinuities in DAR slope for a single species and create qualitatively different patterns in a competitive system as compared to a convex patch. We also compared our theoretical results with two empirical studies (Anolis lizards on islands and crossbills and pine squirrels in forest fragments) where the pragmatic view of DAR fails to give a mechanistic understanding of what was observed. Close qualitative agreement between theoretical and observed DAR indicates that our model gives a reasonable explanation of the mechanisms underpinning DAR found in those studies. From a conservation perspective, the DAR is crucial to the identification of valuable habitat fragments that favor high abundance and the design of a reserve for a target species. When it comes to protecting a single species, these results suggest that there is unlikely to be a simple solution and that conservation decisions should always be made on a case-by-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Goddard
- Department of Mathematics, Auburn University Montgomery, Montgomery, 36064, AL, USA.
| | - Ratnasingham Shivaji
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, 27412, NC, USA.
| | - James T Cronin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, 70803, LA, USA.
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Plenderleith FA, Palmer SC, Travis JM, Lancaster LT, Stockan JA, Mitchell RJ. The consequences of tree disease and pre-emptive felling on functional and genetic connectivity for woodland invertebrates. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Reyes-Moya I, Sánchez-Montes G, Martínez-Solano Í. Integrating dispersal, breeding and abundance data with graph theory for the characterization and management of functional connectivity in amphibian pondscapes. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2022; 37:3159-3177. [PMID: 36345361 PMCID: PMC9631601 DOI: 10.1007/s10980-022-01520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Robust assessment of functional connectivity in amphibian population networks is essential to address their global decline. The potential of graph theory to characterize connectivity among amphibian populations has already been confirmed, but the movement data on which modelled graphs rely are often scarce and inaccurate. While probabilistic methods that account for intraspecific variability in dispersal better reflect the biological reality of functional connectivity, they must be informed by systematically recorded individual movement data, which are difficult to obtain for secretive taxa like amphibians. OBJECTIVES Our aim is to assess the applied potential of probabilistic graph theory to characterize overall connectivity across amphibian pondscapes using fine-scale capture-recapture data, and to inform conservation management based on the role of ponds on functional connectivity. METHODS We monitored an amphibian community in a pondscape located in a Spanish "dehesa" for 2 years. Photoidentification was used to build capture histories for individuals of six species, from which dispersal kernels and population sizes were estimated to model probabilistic graphs. RESULTS We obtained kernels of variable robustness for six species. Node importance for connectivity varied between species, but with common patterns such as shared road crossing areas and the presence of coincident interconnected pond clusters. CONCLUSIONS The combination of photoidentification, capture-recapture data and graph theory allowed us to characterize functional connectivity across the pondscape of study accounting for dispersal variability and identify areas where conservation actions could be most efficient. Our results highlight the need to account for interspecific differences in the study and management of amphibian pondscapes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-022-01520-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Reyes-Moya
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gregorio Sánchez-Montes
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Íñigo Martínez-Solano
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Edge effects and vertical stratification of aerial insectivorous bats across the interface of primary-secondary Amazonian rainforest. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274637. [PMID: 36149843 PMCID: PMC9506665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Edge effects, abiotic and biotic changes associated with habitat boundaries, are key drivers of community change in fragmented landscapes. Their influence is heavily modulated by matrix composition. With over half of the world’s tropical forests predicted to become forest edge by the end of the century, it is paramount that conservationists gain a better understanding of how tropical biota is impacted by edge gradients. Bats comprise a large fraction of tropical mammalian fauna and are demonstrably sensitive to habitat modification. Yet, knowledge about how bat assemblages are affected by edge effects remains scarce. Capitalizing on a whole-ecosystem manipulation in the Central Amazon, the aims of this study were to i) assess the consequences of edge effects for twelve aerial insectivorous bat species across the interface of primary and secondary forest, and ii) investigate if the activity levels of these species differed between the understory and canopy and if they were modulated by distance from the edge. Acoustic surveys were conducted along four 2-km transects, each traversing equal parts of primary and ca. 30-year-old secondary forest. Five models were used to assess the changes in the relative activity of forest specialists (three species), flexible forest foragers (three species), and edge foragers (six species). Modelling results revealed limited evidence of edge effects, except for forest specialists in the understory. No significant differences in activity were found between the secondary or primary forest but almost all species exhibited pronounced vertical stratification. Previously defined bat guilds appear to hold here as our study highlights that forest bats are more edge-sensitive than edge foraging bats. The absence of pronounced edge effects and the comparable activity levels between primary and old secondary forests indicates that old secondary forest can help ameliorate the consequences of fragmentation on tropical aerial insectivorous bats.
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Rodríguez LA, Medianero E. The composition of braconid wasp communities in three forest fragments in a tropical lowland forest of Panama. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:98. [PMID: 35964010 PMCID: PMC9375304 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last 171 years, the forests along the eastern bank of the Panama Canal have been pressured by anthropic activities. Studies of the influence of habitat fragmentation on braconid wasp communities in Central America is scarce, showing the existing information gap on these communities required to implement strategic plans for ecosystem sustainability and conservation. This study investigated how fragmentation affects braconid wasp communities in three areas in Panama City: Metropolitan Natural Park, Albrook and Corozal. Two permanent Malaise Traps were installed in the center of each fragment and were reviewed weekly from May 2019 to March 2020. Alpha and beta diversity indices and the similarity index were used to demonstrate the composition of braconid wasp communities in three forest fragments. Results A similarity of 94% was estimated for the subfamily composition and 74% was estimated for the morphospecies composition of wasp community in the fragments studied. Wasp subfamily and morphospecies assemblages were more similar between fragments of Albrook and Metropolitan Natural Park. Richness and abundance of braconid wasps observed were statistically different between the fragments studied. Conclusion Richness, abundance, and composition of braconid wasps differ among habitat fragments with high similarity between subfamilies and morphospecies. Therefore, the fragments studied can be used as stepping stones to maintain remaining populations of braconid wasp communities. Monitoring is recommended to assess the effect of fragmentation on the remaining forests.
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Ríos C, Lezama F, Rama G, Baldi G, Baeza S. Natural grassland remnants in dynamic agricultural landscapes: identifying drivers of fragmentation. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Goel N, Keitt TH. The mismatch between range and niche limits due to source-sink dynamics can be greater than species mean dispersal distance. Am Nat 2022; 200:448-455. [DOI: 10.1086/720420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Knowledge Gaps and Missing Links in Understanding Mass Extinctions: Can Mathematical Modeling Help? Phys Life Rev 2022; 41:22-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Fischer C, Hanslin HM, Hovstad KA, D'Amico M, Kollmann J, Kroeger SB, Bastianelli G, Habel JC, Rygne H, Lennartsson T. The contribution of roadsides to connect grassland habitat patches for butterflies in landscapes of contrasting permeability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 311:114846. [PMID: 35290956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Roadsides, in particular those being species-rich and of conservation value, are considered to improve landscape permeability by providing corridors among habitat patches and by facilitating species' dispersal. However, little is known about the potential connectivity offered by such high-value roadsides. Using circuit theory, we modelled connectivity provided by high-value roadsides in landscapes with low or high permeability in south-central Sweden, with 'permeability' being measured by the area of semi-natural grasslands. We modelled structural connectivity and, for habitat generalists and specialists, potential functional connectivity focusing on butterflies. We further assessed in which landscapes grassland connectivity is best enhanced through measures for expanding the area of high-value roadsides. Structural connectivity provided by high-value roadsides resulted in similar patterns to those of a functional approach, in which we modelled habitat generalists. In landscapes with low permeability, all target species showed higher movements within compared to between grasslands using high-value roadsides. In landscapes with high permeability, grassland generalists and specialists showed the same patterns, whereas for habitat generalists, connectivity provided by high-value roadsides and grasslands was similar. Increasing the ratio of high-value roadsides can thus enhance structural and functional connectivity in landscapes with low permeability. In contrast, in landscapes with high permeability, roadsides only supported movement of specialised species. Continuous segments of high-value roadsides are most efficient to increase connectivity for specialists, whereas generalists can utilize also short segments of high-value roadsides acting as stepping-stones. Thus, land management should focus on the preservation and restoration of existing semi-natural grasslands. Management for enhancing grassland connectivity through high-value roadsides should aim at maintaining and creating high-value roadside vegetation, preferably in long continuous segments, especially in landscapes with low permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fischer
- Faunistics and Wildlife Conservation, Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Germany; Evolutionary Zoology, Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Hans Martin Hanslin
- Department of Urban Greening and Vegetation Ecology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Aas, Norway.
| | - Knut Anders Hovstad
- Centre of Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; The Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Marcello D'Amico
- CIBIO-InBIO, University of Porto and University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda Campus, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Conservation Biology, Doñana Biological Station CSIC, Seville, Spain.
| | - Johannes Kollmann
- Department of Urban Greening and Vegetation Ecology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Aas, Norway; Restoration Ecology, Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
| | - Svenja B Kroeger
- Department of Landscape and Biodiversity, The Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Giulia Bastianelli
- Department of Urban Greening and Vegetation Ecology, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Aas, Norway.
| | - Jan C Habel
- Evolutionary Zoology, Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | | | - Tommy Lennartsson
- Swedish Biodiversity Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Wang D, Ji X, Jiang D, Liu P. Importance assessment and conservation strategy for rural landscape patches in Huang-Huai plain based on network robustness analysis. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Yamaura Y, Fletcher RJ, Lade SJ, Higa M, Lindenmayer D. From nature reserve to mosaic management: Improving matrix survival, not permeability, benefits regional populations under habitat loss and fragmentation. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Yamaura
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australia
- Shikoku Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Kochi Japan
| | - Robert J. Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Steven J. Lade
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australia
- Stockholm Resilience Centre Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
| | - Motoki Higa
- Faculty of Science and Technology Kochi University Kochi Japan
| | - David Lindenmayer
- Fenner School of Environment and Society The Australian National University Canberra Australia
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Relative Importance of Landscape and Climate Factors to the Species Diversity of Plant Growth Forms along an East Asian Archipelago. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on island biogeography theory have limitations in that they are mostly focused on total plant species and the landscape factors of the islands. Our study was conducted to overcome these limitations by dividing the plants into five growth forms and analyzing climate and landscape factors on inhabited islands, uninhabited islands, and overall. This was achieved using plant data from 578 islands of an archipelago in South Korea. To test the relationship between the species richness of each growth form and environmental factors, we performed ordinary least squares regressions and multi-model inference tests. The results showed that the island area had the largest influence on species richness of all growth forms in overall and uninhabited islands. Moreover, climate factors, in addition to island area, significantly affected species richness of all growth forms on inhabited islands. However, the effect and of isolation-related landscape factors (i.e., distance from the mainland and structural connectivity) were different among growth forms and island categories. Our study reveals that there are differences in the effects of environmental factors on the growth forms of plants among island categories. This suggests that biodiversity management and conservation strategies should be applied separately to different growth forms and islands.
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García-Antón A, Garza V, Traba J. Connectivity in Spanish metapopulation of Dupont's lark may be maintained by dispersal over medium-distance range and stepping stones. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11925. [PMID: 34466286 PMCID: PMC8380426 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dupont’s Lark is an endangered bird, whose fragmented distribution in Europe is entirely restricted to Spain. This lark, suffering pronounced population decline and range contraction, inhabits steppes that have long been used for grazing sheep and are now threatened by rural abandonment and land use changes. Thus, for conservation of the lark, increasing knowledge about the connectivity of the Spanish metapopulation and identifying the most important connectivity nodes are crucial. Methods The study was carried out in Spain, using over 16,000 Dupont’s Lark georeferenced observations. We used distance buffers to define populations and subpopulations, based on the available scientific information. We identified potential stepping stones using a MaxEnt probability of presence model. Connectivity was assessed using Conefor software, using the centroid of each subpopulation and stepping stone as nodes. Each node was assigned a quantitative attribute based on total habitat area, within-node habitat quality and internal fragmentation. We evaluated different connectivity scenarios by potential movement thresholds (5–20–100 km) and presence or absence of stepping stones in the network. Results Dupont’s Lark Iberian metapopulation comprises 24 populations and 100 subpopulations, plus 294 potential stepping stones. Movement thresholds and stepping stones had a strong influence in the potential network connectivity. The most important nodes are located in the core of the metapopulation, which shows connectivity among subpopulations in the different indices and scenarios evaluated. Peripheral populations are more isolated and require stepping stones or medium (20 km) or long (100 km) potential movement thresholds to join the network. Discussion Metapopulation connectivity may be greater than expected, thanks to stepping stones and potential medium-distance movements. Connectivity is crucial for conservation and can be increased by preserving or improving adequate habitat in the most important nodes. Given the current species decline, steppe habitat should be urgently protected from land use changes and agriculture intensification, at least in the critical subpopulations and stepping stones. Long-term conservation of steppe lands and Dupont’s Lark in Spain requires the recovery of traditional grazing and more research on juvenile dispersion. Meanwhile, the conservation of potentially critical stepping stones should be incorporated to management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander García-Antón
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Garza
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Traba
- Terrestrial Ecology Group (TEG-UAM), Department of Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Sobral-Souza T, Santos JP, Maldaner ME, Lima-Ribeiro MS, Ribeiro MC. EcoLand: A multiscale niche modelling framework to improve predictions on biodiversity and conservation. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Pulido-Pastor A, Márquez AL, Guerrero JC, García-Barros E, Real R. Metapopulation Patterns of Iberian Butterflies Revealed by Fuzzy Logic. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050392. [PMID: 33925263 PMCID: PMC8145449 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metapopulation theory considers that the populations of many species are fragmented into patches connected by the migration of individuals through an interterritorial matrix. We applied fuzzy set theory and environmental favorability (F) functions to reveal the metapopulational structure of the 222 butterfly species in the Iberian Peninsula. We used the sets of contiguous grid cells with high favorability (F ≥ 0.8), to identify the favorable patches for each species. We superimposed the known occurrence data to reveal the occupied and empty favorable patches, as unoccupied patches are functional in a metapopulation dynamics analysis. We analyzed the connectivity between patches of each metapopulation by focusing on the territory of intermediate and low favorability for the species (F < 0.8). The friction that each cell opposes to the passage of individuals was computed as 1-F. We used the r.cost function of QGIS to calculate the cost of reaching each cell from a favorable patch. The inverse of the cost was computed as connectivity. Only 126 species can be considered to have a metapopulation structure. These metapopulation structures are part of the dark biodiversity of butterflies because their identification is not evident from the observation of the occurrence data but was revealed using favorability functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pulido-Pastor
- Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Research Team, Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (R.R.)
| | - Ana Luz Márquez
- Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Research Team, Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - José Carlos Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Desarrollo Sustentable y Gestión Ambiental del Territorio, Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay;
| | | | - Raimundo Real
- Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Research Team, Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (R.R.)
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Corridors as a tool for linking habitats – Shortcomings and perspectives for plant conservation. J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2021.125974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fourcade Y, WallisDeVries MF, Kuussaari M, van Swaay CAM, Heliölä J, Öckinger E. Habitat amount and distribution modify community dynamics under climate change. Ecol Lett 2021; 24:950-957. [PMID: 33694308 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation may present a major impediment to species range shifts caused by climate change, but how it affects local community dynamics in a changing climate has so far not been adequately investigated empirically. Using long-term monitoring data of butterfly assemblages, we tested the effects of the amount and distribution of semi-natural habitat (SNH), moderated by species traits, on climate-driven species turnover. We found that spatially dispersed SNH favoured the colonisation of warm-adapted and mobile species. In contrast, extinction risk of cold-adapted species increased in dispersed (as opposed to aggregated) habitats and when the amount of SNH was low. Strengthening habitat networks by maintaining or creating stepping-stone patches could thus allow warm-adapted species to expand their range, while increasing the area of natural habitat and its spatial cohesion may be important to aid the local persistence of species threatened by a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Fourcade
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Univ Paris Est Creteil, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Creteil, F-94010, France
| | - Michiel F WallisDeVries
- De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mikko Kuussaari
- Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Chris A M van Swaay
- De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Janne Heliölä
- Biodiversity Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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The underestimated role of small fragments for carnivore dispersal in the Atlantic Forest. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Melo MA, Silva MAGDA, Piratelli AJ. Improvement of vegetation structure enhances bird functional traits and habitat resilience in an area of ongoing restoration in the Atlantic Forest. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20191241. [PMID: 33174914 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020191241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological restoration is a traditional option for recovering biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Birds perform pollination, seed dispersal, and pest-control services, which catalyze increases in habitat structure. Habitat complexity changes bird composition, but there is little evidence of its effects on bird functional diversity in Neotropical restorations. We tested whether bird functional diversity and composition respond to increased habitat complexity. Point-counts were performed (January-December 2015) in an area undergoing restoration (536 ha) in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, in restorations with less and more structured vegetation and pastures and forest-fragments. The functional bird traits considered were diet, habitat, biomass, environmental sensitivity, and foraging strata. Increased habitat complexity was evaluated using plant characteristics (exotic grass, canopy, herbaceous cover, and diameter at breast height). A total of 172 bird species (5% endemic; 12% migratory) were recorded. Increased vegetation structure in both restored sites and forest-fragments drove a reorganization and addition of functional bird traits, which positively influenced functional richness, dispersion, and evenness. Shifts in plant-characteristics rearranged bird functional traits (diet-forest-dependence and diet-strata-foraging). The rapid development of vegetation structure is a key factor for restoration because it provides additional habitat for semi-dependent forest birds and enhances resilience and sustainability in new man-made forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos AntÔnio Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação da Fauna, Universidade Federal de São Carlos/UFSCar, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Rodovia Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco AurÉlio G DA Silva
- Save Brasil - Sociedade para a Conservação das Aves do Brasil, Rua Fernão Dias, 219, 05427-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto JoÃo Piratelli
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia para a Sustentabilidade, Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos Km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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Beaugeard E, Brischoux F, Angelier F. Green infrastructures and ecological corridors shape avian biodiversity in a small French city. Urban Ecosyst 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-020-01062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Ruiz-Herrera A, Torres PJ. Optimal Network Architectures for Spatially Structured Populations with Heterogeneous Diffusion. Am Nat 2020; 196:29-44. [PMID: 32552100 DOI: 10.1086/708806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The motivation of this article is to derive new management guidelines to maximize the overall population size using popular management and conservation strategies, such as protected marine areas and ecological corridors. These guidelines are based on the identification of the network architectures for which the total population size is maximized. Describing the biological roles of the typical network variables in the fate of the population is a classic problem with many practical applications. This article suggests that the optimal network architecture relies heavily on the degree of mobility of the population. The recommended network architecture for populations with reduced mobility (in the absence of cost of dispersal and landscapes made up of many sources) is a graph with a patch that has routes toward any other patch with a lower growth rate. However, for highly mobile populations there are many possible network architectures for which the total population size is maximized (e.g., any cyclic graph). We have paid special attention to species with symmetric movement in heterogeneous landscapes. A striking result is that the network architecture does not have any influence on the total population size for highly mobile populations when any pair of different patches can be connected by a sequence of paths.
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Lee RH, Wang CL, Guénard B. The ecological implications of rubber‐based agroforestry: Insect conservation and invasion control. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger Ho Lee
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - Chase Liu‐Wei Wang
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - Benoit Guénard
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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Luo Y, Wu J, Wang X, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Can policy maintain habitat connectivity under landscape fragmentation? A case study of Shenzhen, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136829. [PMID: 32041040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The acceleration of urbanization has aggravated the fragmentation of ecological patches and increased the uncertainty risk of habitat connectivity. In the context of landscape fragmentation, government need to establish sound policies that effectively protect the stepping-stones of habitat connection and realize urban ecological integration. In this study, a circuit theory model was used to identify the potential ecological corridors in the city and corresponding stepping-stone groups, with two important stepping-stone groups selected as our areas of focus. By establishing the potential linkages between stepping-stone nodes, we constructed stepping-stone networks within the potential ecological corridors and formulated four scenarios to analyze the robustness of the stepping-stone networks under different policies. The results show that there are 46 important habitats and 22 potential ecological corridors in Shenzhen, including 22 stepping-stone networks. The most important stepping-stone network in the central Shenzhen area connects 7 important habitats and contains 110 stepping-stone nodes. The most important stepping-stone network in the northeast area of Shenzhen connects 5 important habitats and contains 130 stepping-stone nodes. Comparing the robustness and form of the stepping-stone networks under the four policy scenarios, we found that the centrality of stepping-stones is of great significance for maintaining the connectivity of important habitats. For instance, there are five stepping-stone networks in Shenzhen that have not been successfully protected by existing ecological protection policies because their highly central nodes are vulnerable to threats. This study analyzed the maintenance of habitat connectivity under different ecological protection policies in the process of urbanization and discussed the significance of highly central stepping-stone nodes in maintaining habitat connectivity. With this effort, a new perspective on habitat connectivity protection under landscape fragmentation is provided, producing a reference for the formulation of urban ecological protection policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Luo
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Campos FS, Lourenço-de-Moraes R, Ruas DS, Mira-Mendes CV, Franch M, Llorente GA, Solé M, Cabral P. Searching for Networks: Ecological Connectivity for Amphibians Under Climate Change. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 65:46-61. [PMID: 31832730 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-019-01240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ecological connectivity depends on key elements within the landscape, which can support ecological fluxes, species richness and long-term viability of a biological community. Landscape planning requires clear aims and quantitative approaches to identify which key elements can reinforce the spatial coherence of protected areas design. We aim to explore the probability of the ecological connectivity of forest remnants and amphibian species distributions for current and future climate scenarios across the Central Corridor of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Integrating amphibian conservation, climate change and ecological corridors, we design a landscape ranking based on graph and circuit theories. To identify the sensitivity of connected areas to climate-dependent changes, we use the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate by means of simulations for 2080-2100, representing a moderated emission scenario within an optimistic context. Our findings indicate that more than 70% of forest connectivity loss by climate change may drastically reduce amphibian dispersal in this region. We show that high amphibian turnover rates tend to be greater in the north-eastern edges of the corridor across ensembles of forecasts. Our spatial analysis reveals a general pattern of low-conductance areas in landscape surface, yet with some well-connected patches suggesting potential ecological corridors. Atlantic Forest reserves are expected to be less effective in a near future. For improved conservation outcomes, we recommend some landscape paths with low resistance values across space and time. We highlight the importance of maintaining forest remnants in the southern Bahia region by drafting a blueprint for functional biodiversity corridors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe S Campos
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Lourenço-de-Moraes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental (PPGEMA), Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus IV-Litoral Norte, Rio Tinto, PB, 58297-000, Brazil
| | - Danilo S Ruas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-000, Brazil
| | - Caio V Mira-Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-000, Brazil
| | - Marc Franch
- CICGE - Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Observatório Astronómico Prof. Manuel de Barros, Universidade do Porto, 4430-146, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Gustavo A Llorente
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mirco Solé
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Cabral
- NOVA Information Management School (NOVA IMS), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Campolide, 1070-312, Lisboa, Portugal
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Benoist NM, Morris KJ, Bett BJ, Durden JM, Huvenne VA, Le Bas TP, Wynn RB, Ware SJ, Ruhl HA. Monitoring mosaic biotopes in a marine conservation zone by autonomous underwater vehicle. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:1174-1186. [PMID: 30859604 PMCID: PMC6850053 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The number of marine protected areas (MPAs) has increased dramatically in the last decade and poses a major logistic challenge for conservation practitioners in terms of spatial extent and the multiplicity of habitats and biotopes that now require assessment. Photographic assessment by autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) enables the consistent description of multiple habitats, in our case including mosaics of rock and sediment. As a case study, we used this method to survey the Greater Haig Fras marine conservation zone (Celtic Sea, northeast Atlantic). We distinguished 7 biotopes, detected statistically significant variations in standing stocks, species density, species diversity, and faunal composition, and identified significant indicator species for each habitat. Our results demonstrate that AUV-based photography can produce robust data for ecological research and practical marine conservation. Standardizing to a minimum number of individuals per sampling unit, rather than to a fixed seafloor area, may be a valuable means of defining an ecologically appropriate sampling unit. Although composite sampling represents a change in standard practice, other users should consider the potential benefits of this approach in conservation studies. It is broadly applicable in the marine environment and has been successfully implemented in deep-sea conservation and environmental impact studies. Without a cost-effective method, applicable across habitats, it will be difficult to further a coherent classification of biotopes or to routinely assess their conservation status in the rapidly expanding global extent of MPAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noëlie M.A. Benoist
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
- University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Kirsty J. Morris
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Brian J. Bett
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Jennifer M. Durden
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
- University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
- University of HawaiiHonoluluHI96822U.S.A.
| | - Veerle A.I. Huvenne
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Tim P. Le Bas
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Russell B. Wynn
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
| | - Suzanne J. Ware
- Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture ScienceLowestoftNR33 0HTU.K.
| | - Henry A. Ruhl
- Ocean Biogeochemistry and EcosystemsNational Oceanography CentreSouthamptonSO14 3ZHU.K.
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Corridors best facilitate functional connectivity across a protected area network. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10852. [PMID: 31350429 PMCID: PMC6659697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologging data allow animal ecologists to directly measure species’ fine-scale spatiotemporal responses to environments, such as movement – critical for our understanding of biodiversity declines in the Anthropocene. Animal movement between resource patches is a behavioral expression of multiple ecological processes that affect individual fitness. Protected area (PA) networks are a tool used to conserve biodiversity by sustaining habitat patches across vast heterogeneous landscapes. However, our ability to design PA networks that conserve biodiversity relies on our accurate understanding of animal movement and functional connectivity; this understanding is rarely tested in real-world situations due to the large geographic expanse of most PA networks. Using a tractable PA network mesocosm, we employ cutting-edge biologging technology to analyze animal movement decisions in response to a highly heterogeneous landscape. We analyze these data to test, in a novel way, three common hypotheses about functional connectivity – structural corridors, least cost paths, and stepping stones. Consistently, animals moved along structurally self-similar corridors. In reference to the Aichi 2020 Biodiversity Targets, relying on species to “stepping stone” across habitat remnants may not achieve protected area network conservation objectives.
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Spatial aggregation of aquatic habitats affects oviposition patterns in Aedes mosquitoes. Oecologia 2019; 190:835-845. [PMID: 31338591 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04448-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Colonization, including oviposition, is an important driver of population and community dynamics both within and across habitat patches. Most research has focused on the roles of habitat availability or quality on colonization and its outcomes. However, the spatial distribution of habitats also likely affects these processes. We conducted field experiments in Georgia, USA, using clustered and dispersed arrays of equal numbers of oviposition patches to investigate how patch aggregation influenced oviposition by Aedes mosquitoes. We tested the effects of aggregation on: (1) the total number of eggs an array received, (2) the proportion of patches within an array that received eggs, and (3) the number of eggs per colonized patch. We compared results to predictions from three models (Field of Dreams, Propagule Redirection, and Excess Attraction), which vary in the degree to which arrays attract colonists and apportion those colonists among patches. Clustered arrays received 22% more eggs than dispersed arrays, with clustered patches significantly more likely to receive eggs. At the species level, A. albopictus responded more to clustering than did A. triseriatus. These results are inconsistent with Propagule Redirection, but support the Excess Attraction and Field of Dreams models. Although clustered arrays occupied a relatively small area, they attracted at least as many ovipositing mosquitoes as did dispersed arrays. However, the number of eggs per colonized patch did not differ between clustered and dispersed arrays. Therefore, density dependence among larvae, and hence the production of adult mosquitoes on a per-patch basis, should be similar in dispersed and clustered landscapes.
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Kowalski GJ, Grimm V, Herde A, Guenther A, Eccard JA. Does Animal Personality Affect Movement in Habitat Corridors? Experiments with Common Voles ( Microtus arvalis) using Different Corridor Widths. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060291. [PMID: 31146468 PMCID: PMC6616401 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An animal’s personality may affect how they move and what risks they take while they are moving within a landscape. Understanding the movement constraints of wildlife is of increasing importance in fragmented landscapes. We investigated how rodents of opposing personality types moved through two experimental corridors of differing widths. We tracked the voles with automated radio telemetry and quantified the effects of personality on movement. While personality measures did not predict movement patterns, voles in the narrow corridor system entered the corridor faster and spent less time in the corridor than those in the wide corridor. Thus, it may be impossible to detect differences in the risk-taking behavior of small rodents based on personality types if their perceived predation risk is too high. Regarding corridors, our results suggest that the widely held principle that wider is better may not hold true if the fast exchange between populations individuals is the designated function of the corridor. Abstract Animal personality may affect an animal’s mobility in a given landscape, influencing its propensity to take risks in an unknown environment. We investigated the mobility of translocated common voles in two corridor systems 60 m in length and differing in width (1 m and 3 m). Voles were behaviorally phenotyped in repeated open field and barrier tests. Observed behavioral traits were highly repeatable and described by a continuous personality score. Subsequently, animals were tracked via an automated very high frequency (VHF) telemetry radio tracking system to monitor their movement patterns in the corridor system. Although personality did not explain movement patterns, corridor width determined the amount of time spent in the habitat corridor. Voles in the narrow corridor system entered the corridor faster and spent less time in the corridor than animals in the wide corridor. Thus, landscape features seem to affect movement patterns more strongly than personality. Meanwhile, site characteristics, such as corridor width, could prove to be highly important when designing corridors for conservation, with narrow corridors facilitating faster movement through landscapes than wider corridors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Joanna Kowalski
- Animal Ecology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
- Ecological Research Station Gülpe, University of Potsdam, 14715 Havelaue, Germany.
| | - Volker Grimm
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, University of Potsdam, Am Mühlenberg 3, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Antje Herde
- Department of Animal Behaviour , Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Anja Guenther
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany.
| | - Jana A Eccard
- Animal Ecology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
- Ecological Research Station Gülpe, University of Potsdam, 14715 Havelaue, Germany.
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Riascos JM, Valencia N, Peña EJ, Cantera JR. Inhabiting the technosphere: The encroachment of anthropogenic marine litter in Neotropical mangrove forests and its use as habitat by macrobenthic biota. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:559-568. [PMID: 31232339 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coastal urbanization is leading to the accumulation of anthropogenic litter. Understanding the distribution and habitat use of litter by marine biota is important to predict how organisms will respond to anthropogenic changes. We assessed the density, distribution and composition of surface macro-litter (SML) in mangrove forests in Buenaventura (Colombia) and analysed how these microhabitats are used by marine biota. SML density ranged from 2 to 314 g m-2 (0.22 to 35.5 items m-2), implying that mangrove forests surrounding Buenaventura city are among the most polluted coastal areas in the World. Biological assemblages colonizing SML differed according to position on the forest and litter type. The encroachment of SML in mangrove forest enables a seemingly transient colonization of resident and immigrant biota from intertidal rocky shores and subtidal hard bottoms. The successful colonization of SML poses questions regarding the potential for plastics or their leaching chemicals to transfer through food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Riascos
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Estuarios y Manglares, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Natasha Valencia
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Estuarios y Manglares, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Enrique J Peña
- Grupo de Biología de Plantas y Microorganismos, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Jaime R Cantera
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Estuarios y Manglares, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Brodie JF, Newmark WD. Heterogeneous Matrix Habitat Drives Species Occurrences in Complex, Fragmented Landscapes. Am Nat 2019; 193:748-754. [PMID: 31002574 DOI: 10.1086/702589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental tenet of modern ecology and conservation science is the fact that species occurrence in habitat patches can be determined by patch area and isolation. But such island biogeographic models often poorly predict actual species occurrences in structurally complex landscapes that typify most ecosystems. Recent advances in circuit theory have enhanced estimates of species dispersal and can provide powerful ways to predict landscape-scale distribution of species assemblages through integration with island biogeography. Applying such an integrative analytical framework to 43 bird species in Tanzania improved model fit by an average of 2.2-fold over models where patch isolation was estimated without accounting for landscape matrix heterogeneity. This approach also allowed us to assess species-specific dispersal rates and quantify differences among land cover types in their permeability to animal movement. These results reaffirm the utility of foundational island biogeographic principles, yet with an important caveat. Two-thirds of the variance in species occurrence in habitat fragments can be explained simply by patch area and isolation, conditional on isolation explicitly accounting for the spatial configuration of different land cover types in the landscape matrix.
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How predictable are the responses of ant and dung beetle assemblages to patch and landscape attributes in fragmented tropical forest landscapes? LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-018-0367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Shanu S, Idiculla J, Qureshi Q, Jhala Y, Aggarwal A, Dimri P, Bhattacharya S. A graph theoretic approach for modelling tiger corridor network in Central India-Eastern Ghats landscape complex, India. ECOL INFORM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cannizzo ZJ, Griffen BD. An artificial habitat facilitates a climate-mediated range expansion into a suboptimal novel ecosystem. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211638. [PMID: 30785918 PMCID: PMC6382103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As the geographic ranges of tropical species and ecosystems continue to shift poleward with climate change, it is critical to prediction and management to identify factors that facilitate these expansions. This is especially true for range shifts that involve the decoupling of a shifting species from its historic ecosystem and the colonization of an ecosystem that it has not previously inhabited (i.e. is novel to the shifting species). In cases where the colonized ecosystem is suboptimal for the shifting species, stepping stone refuges may play a critical role in facilitating further expansion. Here we document the facilitation of the northward range expansion of the mangrove tree crab (Aratus pisonii) into the previously uninhabited salt marsh ecosystem by artificial boat docks. While the cold tolerance of crabs did not differ between habitats, they were found on docks 36 km and 22 km further north than elsewhere in the salt marsh after the winters of 2016-‘17 and ‘17-’18, respectively. This extended range-edge appears to be a result of docks within the salt marsh acting as a stepping stone refuge by providing this historically tropical species with a relatively warm thermal refuge during the winter that mitigates seasonal population die-backs exhibited elsewhere at the range-edge. Further, population abundances were higher on docks at the range-edge than in the surrounding salt marsh. While artificial habitats often favor the expansion of non-indigenous species, our results demonstrate the facilitation of a native species’ range shift into a suboptimal ecosystem which it has not previously inhabited. The potential for analogous and refuge habitats, artificial or otherwise, to increase the rate and success of range shifts could be critical to the fate of many current and future range shifting species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Cannizzo
- Marine Science Program, School of the Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- * E-mail:
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Alharbi W, Petrovskii S. Effect of complex landscape geometry on the invasive species spread: Invasion with stepping stones. J Theor Biol 2018; 464:85-97. [PMID: 30562501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Spatial proliferation of invasive species often causes serious damage to agriculture, ecology and environment. Evaluation of the extent of the area potentially invadable by an alien species is an important problem. Landscape features that reduces dispersal space to narrow corridors can make some areas inaccessible to the invading species. On the other hand, the existence of stepping stones - small areas or 'patches' with better environmental conditions - is known to assist species spread. How an interplay between these factors can affect the invasion success remains unclear. In this paper, we address this question theoretically using a mechanistic model of population dynamics. Such models have been generally successful in predicting the rate and pattern of invasive spread; however, they usually consider the spread in an unbounded, uniform space hence ignoring the complex geometry of a real landscape. In contrast, here we consider a reaction-diffusion model in a domain of a complex shape combining corridors and stepping stones. We show that the invasion success depends on a subtle interplay between the stepping stone size, location and the strength of the Allee effect inside. In particular, for a stepping stone of a small size, there is only a narrow range of locations where it can unblock the otherwise impassable corridor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weam Alharbi
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Sergei Petrovskii
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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Alves GHZ, Santos RDS, Figueiredo BRS, Manetta GI, Message HJ, Pazianoto LHR, Guimarães GB, Benedito E, Couto EVD. Misguided policy may jeopardize a diverse South brazilian environmental protection area. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2018-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: The Devonian Escarpment (DEEPA), located in the south of Brazil, represents an important area of environmental preservation composed by grasslands, gallery forests, as well as rock outcrops and archaeological sites. A law project (LP 527/2016), which suggests a reduction of the DEEPA area in approximately 70% of its original area (from 393,579 to 125,895 ha), is currently being processed in the Paraná State House of Representatives. Such reduction seems to be related to economic interests (mainly agriculture and mining) in the state of Paraná. If approved, LP 527/2016 will allow farmers to deliberately expand their activities, with the suppression of natural forest as main consequence. Additionally, loss of faunal diversity, contamination of water and soils, and alteration in nutrient cycles are expected, due the intensive use of agrochemicals. In addition to the direct environmental consequences, we expect the disappearance of areas of high geological interest, reducing local geodiversity, as well as substantial economic losses with ecotourism. Brazil is a signatory to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, where it undertakes to develop strategies to prevent biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation by 2020. An approval of the LP would be contradictory, considering that there are few natural vegetation areas in this region of the country. We emphasize that the proposal of such projects goes against the sustainability in the country and disregard the scientific knowledge generated until then. Thus, it is necessary to develop regional and federal political objectives that guarantee economic development in a balanced way, considering the local bio and geodiversity, not the proposal of mechanisms that destroy them.
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Plue J, Aavik T, Cousins SAO. Grazing networks promote plant functional connectivity among isolated grassland communities. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Plue
- Biogeography and Geomatics; Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
- Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies; Södertörn University; Stockholm Sweden
- Plant Conservation and Population Biology; University of Leuven; Heverlee Belgium
| | - Tsipe Aavik
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences; Tartu University; Tartu Estonia
| | - Sara A. O Cousins
- Biogeography and Geomatics; Department of Physical Geography; Stockholm University; Stockholm Sweden
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38
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Liang J, He X, Zeng G, Zhong M, Gao X, Li X, Li X, Wu H, Feng C, Xing W, Fang Y, Mo D. Integrating priority areas and ecological corridors into national network for conservation planning in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 626:22-29. [PMID: 29331835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering that urban expansion and increase of human activities represent important threats to biodiversity and ecological processes in short and long term, developing protected area (PA) network with high connectivity is considered as a valuable conservation strategy. However, conservation planning associated with the large-scale network in China involves important information loopholes about the land cover and landscape connectivity. In this paper, we made an integrative analysis for the identification of conservation priority areas and least-cost ecological corridors (ECs) in order to promote a more representative, connected and efficient ecological PA network for this country. First, we used Zonation, a spatial prioritization software, to achieve a hierarchical mask and selected the top priority conservation areas. Second, we identified optimal linkages between two patches as corridors based on least-cost path algorithm. Finally, we proposed a new framework of China's PA network composed of conservation priority and ECs in consideration of high connectivity between areas. We observed that priority areas identified here cover 12.9% of the region, distributed mainly in mountainous and plateau areas, and only reflect a spatial mismatch of 19% with the current China's nature reserves locations. From the perspective of conservation, our result provide the need to consider new PA categories, specially located in the south (e.g., the middle-lower Yangtze River area, Nanling and Min-Zhe-Gan Mountains) and north regions (e.g., Changbai Mountains), in order to construct an optimal and connected national network in China. This information allows us better opportunities to identify the relative high-quality patches and draft the best conservation plan for the China's biodiversity in the long-term run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Xinyue He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Minzhou Zhong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Haipeng Wu
- Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, PR China
| | - Chunting Feng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Wenle Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yilong Fang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Dan Mo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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39
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Berkman LK, Nielsen CK, Roy CL, Heist EJ. A landscape genetic analysis of swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) suggests forest canopy cover enhances gene flow in an agricultural matrix. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation pose a continued and immediate threat to wildlife and create a persistent need for ecological information at the landscape scale to guide conservation efforts. Landscape features influence population connectivity for many species and genetic analyses can be employed to determine which of these features are most important. Because population connectivity through dispersal is important to the persistence of swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus (Bachman, 1837)) at the northern edge of their range, we used a landscape genetic approach to relate gene flow to landscape features that may impact dispersal success. We tested resistance values for attributes of land cover, watercourse corridors, canopy cover, and roads and used causal modeling and redundancy analysis to relate these representations of landscapes to genetic distance for swamp rabbits in southern Illinois, USA. Models that included canopy cover had the strongest correlations with genetic distance and were supported by our methods whereas other models were not. We concluded that high tree canopy cover enhances gene flow and landscape connectivity for swamp rabbits in southern Illinois. Our study provides important empirical evidence that landscape variables may impact the habitat connectivity of swamp rabbits. Preserving dispersal routes for swamp rabbits should focus on improving canopy cover, in both bottomland and upland, to connect suitable habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah K. Berkman
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6504, USA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, Department of Forestry, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6504, USA
| | - Charlotte L. Roy
- Forest Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Grand Rapids, MN 55744, USA
| | - Edward J. Heist
- Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6501, USA
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40
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Irizarry AD, Collazo JA, Pacifici K, Reich BJ, Battle KE. Avian response to shade-layer restoration in coffee plantations in Puerto Rico. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amarilys D. Irizarry
- North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 U.S.A
| | - Jaime A. Collazo
- U.S. Geological Survey, North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 U.S.A
| | - Krishna Pacifici
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 7695 U.S.A
| | - Brian J. Reich
- Department of Statistics; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 U.S.A
| | - Kathryn E. Battle
- North Carolina Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Applied Ecology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh NC 27695 U.S.A
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41
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Garcés-Restrepo MF, Pauli JN, Peery MZ. Natal dispersal of tree sloths in a human-dominated landscape: Implications for tropical biodiversity conservation. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan N. Pauli
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
| | - M. Zachariah Peery
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison WI USA
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42
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Giubbina MF, Martensen AC, Ribeiro MC. Sugarcane and Eucalyptus
plantation equally limit the movement of two forest-dependent understory bird species. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Furlan Giubbina
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC); Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro; Av.24-A, 1515 Bela Vista Rio Claro 13506-900 Brasil
| | | | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação (LEEC); Departamento de Ecologia; Instituto de Biociências; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro; Av.24-A, 1515 Bela Vista Rio Claro 13506-900 Brasil
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43
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Small-scale genetic structure in an endangered wetland specialist: possible effects of landscape change and population recovery. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-1020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Generalizing matrix structure affects the identification of least-cost paths and patch connectivity. THEOR ECOL-NETH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12080-017-0351-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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45
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Diniz MF, Machado RB, Bispo AA, Brito D. Identifying key sites for connecting jaguar populations in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Anim Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. F. Diniz
- Departamento de Ecologia; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Goiânia Brazil
| | - R. B. Machado
- Departamento de Zoologia; Universidade de Brasília; Brasília Brazil
| | - A. A. Bispo
- Curso de Educação Intercultural; Laboratório de Ecologia Teórica; Metacomunidades e Paisagem, Instituto Neotropical: Pesquisa e Conservação; Goiânia Brazil
| | - D. Brito
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e Conservação; Departamento de Ecologia; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Goiânia Brazil
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46
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Diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies in a mountaintop archipelago of rainforest. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180007. [PMID: 28666003 PMCID: PMC5493353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide the first description of the effects of local vegetation and landscape structure on the fruit-feeding butterfly community of a natural archipelago of montane rainforest islands in the Serra do Espinhaço, southeastern Brazil. Butterflies were collected with bait traps in eleven forest islands through both dry and rainy seasons for two consecutive years. The influence of local and landscape parameters and seasonality on butterfly species richness, abundance and composition were analyzed. We also examined the partitioning and decomposition of temporal and spatial beta diversity. Five hundred and twelve fruit-feeding butterflies belonging to thirty-four species were recorded. Butterfly species richness and abundance were higher on islands with greater canopy openness in the dry season. On the other hand, islands with greater understory coverage hosted higher species richness in the rainy season. Instead, the butterfly species richness was higher with lower understory coverage in the dry season. Butterfly abundance was not influenced by understory cover. The landscape metrics of area and isolation had no effect on species richness and abundance. The composition of butterfly communities in the forest islands was not randomly structured. The butterfly communities were dependent on local and landscape effects, and the mechanism of turnover was the main source of variation in β diversity. The preservation of this mountain rainforest island complex is vital for the maintenance of fruit-feeding butterfly community; one island does not reflect the diversity found in the whole archipelago.
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47
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Habitat- and matrix-related differences in species diversity and trait richness of vascular plants, Orthoptera and Lepidoptera in an urban landscape. Urban Ecosyst 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-017-0662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Braun AC, Troeger D, Garcia R, Aguayo M, Barra R, Vogt J. Assessing the impact of plantation forestry on plant biodiversity. Glob Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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49
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Ribeiro JW, Silveira dos Santos J, Dodonov P, Martello F, Brandão Niebuhr B, Ribeiro MC. LandScape Corridors (
lscorridors
): a new software package for modelling ecological corridors based on landscape patterns and species requirements. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Wesley Ribeiro
- Ecology Department Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), São Paulo State University, UNESP Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira dos Santos
- Ecology Department Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), São Paulo State University, UNESP Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Pavel Dodonov
- Biological Science Department Applied Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEAC), State University of Santa Cruz, UESC Rodovia Ilhéus‐Itabuna, km 16 Ilhéus BA 45662‐000 Brazil
| | - Felipe Martello
- Ecology Department Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), São Paulo State University, UNESP Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr
- Ecology Department Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), São Paulo State University, UNESP Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
| | - Milton Cezar Ribeiro
- Ecology Department Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), São Paulo State University, UNESP Avenida 24 A, 1515, Bela Vista Rio Claro São Paulo Brazil
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50
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Barbosa KVDC, Knogge C, Develey PF, Jenkins CN, Uezu A. Use of small Atlantic Forest fragments by birds in Southeast Brazil. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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